NSG Senate Archives [Admins and Senate PpT Only]

[NSG Senate Administrators]

This is a list for all passed acts in the NSG Senate. Please post any comments on this on the Lobby. All passed acts are to be added here for easy access by the Senators of Aurentina.

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The Archival process of September 2013 will be below, please put bills under the correct chamber and page range:

Chamber 1 (viewtopic.php?f=21&t=235877)
Pages 1-30
Constitution of the New Senate (12/04/2013)
Ethics Act of 2013 (14/04/2013)
Marriage Freedom Act (18/04/2013)

Pages 31-60
National Taxation Act

Pages 61-90
none

Pages 91-120
Republican Executive Act (25/04/2013)
Bodily Sovereignty Act (29/04/2013)

Pages 121-137
Ministry Foundation Act (01/05/2013)

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Chamber 2 (viewtopic.php?f=21&t=239510)

Pages 1-30
Policing and Law Enforcement Act (2013) (Text found Here) (4/5/13)
National Symbols Act (6/5/13)
Business Accountability Act (9/5/13)

Pages 31-60
National Security Act (21/5/13)

Pages 61-90
Anti-Slavery Act
Sexual Industry Regulation Act
Provisional Criminal Code [Later Repealed]

Pages 91-120
Complicated; bills pass somewhere between page 82 and 91 depending on who you ask EDIT: I moved them to mine. They ended on page 82. -Ain:
Internal Security Act (31/05/2013)
Commonwealth Armed Forces Act (31/05/2013)

Pages 121-150
Restricting Capital Punishment Act (02/06/2013)

Pages 151-180
Judicial Act (5/6/13)
Senatorial Major Incident Inquest (5/6/13)
Limiting Legislation Act (8/6/13)
Secular State Act (8/6/13)
International Law Act (8/6/13)

Pages 181-210
Transportation Ministry Provision Act (2013) (15/6/13)
National Census Bureau Establishment Act (15/6/13)
Commerce Ministry Act (15/6/13)

Pages 211-240
none

Pages 241-270
none

Pages 271-300
none

Pages 301-330
none

Pages 331-360
Criminal Code of the Aurentine Commonwealth (06/7/13)
Proper Procedure and Unacceptable Behavior Act (2013) (09/7/13)
First Amendment to the Limiting Legislation Act (09/7/13)
First Amendment to the Republican Executive Act (09/7/13)
Second Amendment to the Republican Executive Act (09/7/13)
Senatorial Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation Enforcement Act (09/7/13)
Second Constitution of the Senate (09/7/13)
Prime Minister and President's Questions Act (09/7/13)

Pages 361-390
Small Business Assistance Act
Universal Credit
Public Education Act
Commonwealth Fire Services
Universal Healthcare Act
Free School Meals Act

Pages 391-420
Research and Astronomy Improvement Act (14/07/2013)
National Symbols Act - Amendment 1 (16/07/2013) (Am)
National Symbols Act - Amendment 2 (16/07/2013) (Am)
National Museum System Establishment Act (16/07/2013)

Pages 421-459
none

Pages 460-497
Financial Act of 2013 (24/7/13)
Revenue Collection Act of 2013 (24/7/13)
Broadcasting Act (24/7/13)
Child Labor Restriction Act (26/7/13)
Sale of Harmful Substances Act (26/7/13)
Legal Compensation Act (26/7/13)
Sensible Firearms Act (26/7/13)
Tobacco Action Act (26/7/13)
Copyright Act (26/7/13)
Law and Order Improvement Act (26/7/13)
SIMBEDS Omnibus Procedure Act (28/7/13)

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Chamber 3 (viewtopic.php?f=25&t=254861)

Pages 1-30
Prevention of Corruption Act
Proxy Voting Act
Impartial Polling Places Act
Presidential Election Procedures Act
First Amendment to the Ministry Foundation Act
First Amendment to the Second Constitution of the Senate
Third Amendment to the Republican Executive Act
Repeal Most of the Commerce Ministry Act
Military Pensions Act
Protection from Religious Fraud Act
Participatory Consumption Systems Act
Free Education for Innovative Self-Management
Collective Benefit Option Act
Public Work Centre Act
Food Vendor Act
Responsible Government Act

Pages 31-60
National Park Service Establishment Act
Cork Oak Preservation Act
Loggerhead Turtle Protection Act
The Animal Protection Force
Animal Protection Act
National Preservation of Wilderness and Wildlife Act
Littering Prevention Act
National Forestry Services Act

Pages 61-current
Secular State Act III
Railways Act (25/08/2013)
Internet Freedom Act (25/08/2013)
Aerospace Safety Act (25/08/2013)
Protection of Religious Freedom for Minors Act (25/08/2013)
Internet Registration Act (25/08/2013)
Amend Transportation Ministry Provision Act (25/08/2013) (Am)
Mobile Phone Vehicle Operation Restrictions Act (30/08/2013)
National Preservation Act (30/08/2013)
First Amendment to the Internet Freedom Act (30/08/2013) (Am)
Driving Direction Standardisation Act (30/08/2013)
Public Post-Secondary Education Establishment Act (30/08/2013)
Ferry Transit Act (30/08/2013)
The Aurentine Fund for the Arts and Humanities Establishment Act (03/09/2013)
Universal Credit (Aurentine Benefit Card & General Amendment) Act (03/09/2013) (Not an amendment)
Aurentine Pension Plan Act (03/09/2013)
Second Amendment to the International Law Act (12/09/2013)
Membership of the Commonwealth of Nations (12/09/2013)
Ratification of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (12/09/2013)
Declaration of Aurentine Neutrality Act (12/09/2013)
INTERPOL Act (12/09/2013)
The Equality Act (10/10/2013)
Time Zone Act (10/10/2013)
Youth Senate Act (10/10/2013)
System of Measurement Act (10/10/2013)
Order of Aurentina Establishment Act (10/10/2013)
Name Control and Registration Act (10/10/2013)
Restriction of Corporal Punishment Act (14/10/2013)
First Amendment to the Internal Security Act (14/10/2013)
Improved Firearms Safety and Licencing Act (14/10/2013)
Private Security Regulation and Licencing Act (14/10/2013)
Aurentine Information Sharing Act (14/10/2013)
Blues and Twos Act (14/10/2013)
Firearms Licensing and Reasonable Restrictions Act (18/10/13)
Protection of Workers Act (18/10/13)
Civil Defense Act (18/10/13)
Joseph Kourie Memorial Park Establishment (23/10/13)
State Funerals Act (23/10/13)
Senate Salaries Act (23/10/13)
Republican Executive Act II (23/10/13)
Birthright Citizenship Act (23/10/13)
The Aurentine Postal Service Act (23/10/13)
February 29th Birth Standardization (23/10/13)
Currency Reference Interim Clarification Act (03/11/13)
Child Benefit Allowance Programme Act (03/11/13)
Labour Mediation Act (03/11/13)
Aurentine Landfill Tax Act (03/11/13)
2013 Aurentine Budget Proposal (06/11/13)
Transparent Pricing Act (06/11/13)
Continuing Resolution Act (06/11/13)
Air Quality Warning and Awareness Agency Establishment Act (14/11/13)
Littering Prevention Act (14/11/13)
National Aurentine Commission for Renewable Energy Research Establishment Act (14/11/13)
Hunting and Conservation Act (14/11/13)

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Chamber 4 (http://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?f=25&t=270370)

An Act for the Establishment of National Honours for Extraordinary Achievements in the Arts (27/11/13)
Transport Safety Act (27/11/13)
National Motor Vehicle Licencing and Registration Act (27/11/13)
Sign Language Standardisation Act (27/11/13)
Post-Care Youth Accommodation Act (27/11/13)
Careers Advice 12-18 Year Old Act (27/11/13)
Internet User Protection Act (02/12/13)
Creative Aurentina Act (02/12/13)
Revenue Collection and Defence of Aurentine Citizenship Act (02/12/13)
First Amendment to the Broadcasting Act (02/12/13)
Building Code Act (02/12/13)
Child Protection Act (09/12/13)
Social Justice Act (09/12/13)
Railway Operations and Regulations Act (09/12/13)
Free Aurentine Language Education Act (09/12/13)
Aurentine Education Act (09/12/13)
First Amendment to the Senate Ethics Act (15/12/13)
Termination of Loopholes and Judicial System Improvement Act (15/12/13)
First Amendment to the Presidential Election Procedures Act (15/12/13)
Senator Residency Act (15/12/13)
Motions Reform Act (15/12/13)
Fourth Amendment to SIMBEDS (15/12/13)
Repeal Regulation Act (18/12/13)
Repeal the Second Republican Executive Act (18/12/13)
Artificial Sunbathing Statute for Influenceable Schoolchildren and Teenagers Acting for the Nonproliferation of Cancerous Emissions (29/12/13)
Nutritional Information and Genetically Modified Organism Labeling Act (29/12/13)
Food Labelling and Allergen Safety Act (29/12/13)
Contraceptives Act (29/12/13)
Treatment of Drug Users Act (29/12/13)
Health Card Act (29/12/13)
Limiting of Electro-Shock Practices (29/12/13)
Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) Act (5/1/14)
Vaccination Act (5/1/14)
Compulsory Vaccinations Act (5/1/14)
Bill for the Establishment of Armed Forces Academies and Officer Training Programs (11/1/14)
Aurentine International Aid Act (11/1/14)
Embassy Act (11/1/14)
Court Transparency Act (25/1/14)
Crimes against Humanity Act (25/1/14)
On the Fair Admission of Justice (25/1/14)
Good Samaritan Law (25/1/14)
First Amendment to the National Intelligencery Establishment Act (25/1/14)
Special Commission Act [b] (1/2/14)
Judicial Omnibus Act [b] (1/2/14)
First Amendment to The Criminal Code of the Aurentine Commonwealth (1/2/14)
Repeal the Protection of Workers Act (RPWA) (1/2/14)
First Amendment of the Name Control and Registration Act (1/2/14)
23 November Act (1/2/14)
Youth Politics Act (6/2/14)
Bank Holidays and Annual Leave Act (11/2/14)
Tariff Regulation Act (11/2/14)
Essential Service Strike Restriction Act (11/2/14)
Government Donations Act (11/2/14)
Fair Taxation Act (11/2/14)
First Amendment to the Air Quality Warning and Awareness Agency Establishment Act (14/2/14)
Energy for the Future Act (14/2/14)
Bologna Process Act (20/2/14)
Guild of Aspiring Artists Act (20/2/14)
Second Amendment to the Broadcasting Act (20/2/14)
Educator Code of Ethics (20/2/14)
Aurentina Television Network Revision Act (20/2/14)
University Education Stipend Act (20/2/14)
Roading Act (20/2/14)
First Amendment to the Bestiality (Zoophilia) Act (8/4/14)
National Defence Force Emergency Operation Act (8/4/14)
First Amendment to the 23 November Act (8/4/14)
National Fingerprint Registry (8/4/14)
Criminal Negligence Act (8/4/14)
Energy Savings Act (30/4/14)
First Amendment to the Provisional Republican Executive Act (10/5/14)
Senate Bailiff Act (10/5/14)

Constitution of the Aurentine Commonwealth: http://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?f=25&t=252128&p=19141643&hilit=constitution+of+aurentina#p19141643

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Constitution of the New Senate

RECOGNIZING that this is the first proposal and that this proposal will shape the future of the NS senate,
DEFINING the powers of the Senate and its senators to be as follows;
The ability to draft legislation such as this,
The ability to vote on drafted legislation on the floor to be put up to vote,
The ability to repeal passed legislation,
The ability to vote on how many seats are available in the senate,
The ability to start a political party,
The ability to vote to remove drafted legislation from the floor,
The ability for the party with the majority to elect a President of the Senate, who selects a Vice President of the senate,
The ability for the party with the majority to make up an opposition,
which, in turn, gives the opposition the ability to select an opposition leader and second officer.
SETTING the required number of votes to put legislation on the floor to be put up to vote be at least 5 and setting a majority of 50%+1 of those who have voted "FOR" on legislation,
REALIZING the confusion that would be caused by multiple bills to be voted at a time, thusly LIMITING the number of bills up to vote to 1; bills that have reached the 5 approvals necessary will be next in chronological order of which bills reached minimum approvals first,
ALSO SETTING the conduct of senators to allow silliness as any F7 thread should go but requiring all senators use common sense and comply with site rules, at penalty of being kicked from the senate by a 90% majority of senators present voting "FOR" and being at the mercy of the Modly Powers,
RECOGNIZES that Senators of the NSG Senate may at some point no longer have interest in participating in the NSG Senate, or are simply idle,
CALLS UPON the appropriate administration staffers to remove idle Senators after said Senators have gone through a period of 15 days where said Senator made no constructive posts in any of the NSG Senate threads,
ALSO CALLS UPON the appropriate administration staff to send Senators who are within 3 days of being removed because of their idleness a notice via telegram to notify them of their imminent removal
BUT gives the chance for a senator to explain a disappearance of up to 60 days before the disappearance,
ASKING that the proposal, should it pass, serve as a template for future proposals to formatted exactly like this one,
REALIZING that the Constitution may at some times be able to be amended, so therefore allows amendments to pass, under the following conditions:
Amendments may happen to this document, if a majority (set by an amendment editing what defines a majority) of Senators present believe that this document should be amended, and it shall become the new version of the Constitution.
RULING that to protect from a single party voting in the middle of the night to pass a bill that suits their best interests, 48 hours must elapse before a bill is passed/shot down.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Proposal IV
Senate Ethics Act of 2013
Sponsors: Bolaly
Signatories:

RECOGNIZING the amount of bickering that has been taking place in the NSG Senate over political parties,
APPALLED by the actions of Senators who continued with said bickering instead of acting like gentlemen,
TO ENSURE that all Senators are treated with respect within the Senate Chambers and other official NSG Senate threads,
The NSG Senate hereby enacts the following,
(1) Senators are prohibited from slandering each other. Any instance of slander will result in the perpetrating Senator receiving a warning.
(a) Defines Slander as defamation by oral utterance rather than by writing or pictures.
(b) Once a Senator has been warned for slander twice, he/she may face suspension of senatorial service for a period of time which is
determined by the appropriate Senate administrators.
(2) All political party advertising must be done through telegram and is prohibited in any NSG Senate threads.
(a) Each political party will have their name and description of the party stated in the OP.
(3) Political Parties are prohibited from pressuring Senators to join a party.
(a) Any Senator who feels they have been pressured into joining a party should report this to the appropriate administrative staff.
(b) Any Party leader/member that pressures a Senator into joining a party will be given a punishment at the administrator’s discretion.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Marriage Freedom Act

Urgency: High

Drafted by: Regnum Dominae, Sibirsky, Napkiraly, Vietnam

The government of our yet to be named nation:

For the purposes of this bill, DEFINES:
(1) "Marriage" as a contract between two or more persons of marriageable age, who have all given informed consent,
(2) "Marriageable age" as 18 years old and above, as well as 16 years old and above on condition of informed consent from the legal guardians of all involved parties,
(3) "Informed consent" as acceptance of this contract out of one's own free will, free of pressure from other parties, and with knowledge of the terms of the contract,

AFFIRMS:
that the race, ethnicity, gender, nationality, citizenship, religious or political background and/or number of the involved parties shall not be a factor in the recognition by the government of a marriage, or of the legal benefits that are given to the persons involved in a marriage;

FURTHER AFFIRMS THAT:
"Marriage" will herein remain a "contract between two or more consenting persons of marriageable age" by law and all other definitions of said marriage will not be recognized by the state unless further legislation is acted upon.

-- Changed through amendments by Crata, Revolution Land and Regnum Dominae (Friendly Amendment)

[NSG Senate Administrators]

National Tax Act
Urgency: Very High
Drafted By: Geilinor
Co-Sponsors: Evraim, Wolfmanne, Gallup, Imperiatom
The government of our yet to be named nation:
RECOGNIZING: the necessity of taxation if the state and government are to be sustained and preserved
ESTABLISHING: a national code of taxation applicable to all citizens and residents, without exception, unless otherwise authorized by the Senate
DEFINING: legal nonmedical drugs as substances, with the exception of foods and non-alcoholic beverages, employed for purposes other than those approved by medical professionals for the treatment of aches, smarts, and illnesses, and which are lawful to possess and use in the aforementioned capacities
MANDATING: that the Senate begin the process of determining which drugs should be legal and which drugs should not be legal with all due urgency
STIPULATING: that the tax code shall operate as follows:
Income Taxes shall be levied at:
0% of income earned between 0.00 and 15,999.99 NSC shall be levied
5.00% of income earned between 16,000.00 and 30,999.99 NSC shall be levied
10.00% of income earned between 31,000.00 and 50,999.99 NSC shall be levied.
15.00% of income earned between 51,000.00 and 100,999.99 NSC shall be levied
25.00% of income earned between 101,000.00 and 250,999.99 NSC shall be levied
35.00% of income earned between 251,000.00 and 500,999.99 NSC shall be levied.
40.00% of income earned between 501,000.00 and 1,000,999.99 NSC shall be levied
45.00% of income earned between 1,001,000.00 NSC and up shall be levied.
Sales Taxes shall be levied at:
For nonessential services(including legal medical drugs): 2%
Gasoline: 2%
Miscellaneous Taxes shall be levied at:

Corporate tax:
First two years of being in business: 0%
Third year: 5.00%
Fourth year: 10%
These are to be the maximum tax rates any firm may face in each corresponding year. All profit no mater how high will be charged at the corresponding rate for the age of the business.
For all private firms older than four years the following tax rates apply;
10.00% is levied on profits of between 0 and 1,500,000.00 million :
15.00% is levied on all profits above but not including the first 1,500,000.00 million Which is still charged at 10.00%

Capital gains: 20%

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Republican Executive Act
Strength: Strong | Drafted by: Trotskylvania, Wolfmanne

Resolved: Since there is no tradition of monarchy here in our nation, it is pointless to establish one. Rather, we would consider it much more fruitful to establish the NSG State as a pluralist, democratic republic, and to that end we proposes establishing an executive that shall take into account the necessity of coalition building.

Be it enacted by the Senate of NSG, a constitutional bill to establish the executive offices of state:

I. The executive power of the NSG state shall be vested in a President and a Council of Ministers
- A. The President shall be the Head of State, elected by the Senate in a two-round system, in which the top two candidates from the first round shall be voted one.
- B. The President shall serve a term of two months, renewable once.
- C. The President may be removed by the Senate for official misconduct or disability by a vote of 2/3rds of the Senate.
- D. Upon the death of the President, the Senate shall elect a new president to a new 2 month term.
- E. The President shall have the following powers:
- - 1. Remand/veto a bill to the Senate if it's unconstitutional and call for revisions (may only do this once), with a full explanation.
- - 2. Declaring a state of war, if in full agreement with the Senate.
- - 3. Making and receiving state visits, on behalf of the Prime Minister.
- - 4. Ratification of international treaties, upon approval of the Senate.
- - 5. He must formally recognise the Prime Minister and his Cabinet, as elected by the Senate.
- - 6. Act as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and exercises his role by order of the Senate.

II. The Council of Ministers shall consist of a Prime Minister, and Ministers of the various executive departments.
- A. The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President upon election by the Senate, and shall hold office with the confidence of the Senate.
- B. The Prime Minister shall appoint all other Ministers with the confidence of parliament, and shall have the power to dismiss them.
- C. The Prime Minister shall be head of government

III. Any person serving as a Senator shall be eligible to hold executive office.
- A. Ministers shall old office for a term not exceeding one month. One month after the previous election, the Senate shall hold elections for the members of the Council of Ministers, but neither sitting Ministers nor previous Ministers shall be barred from election.
- B. The President and executive Ministers shall maintain their privileges as Senators while holding office.

IV. The Council of Ministers shall enforce the laws ratified by the Senate.
- A. Ministers shall hold executive powers according to their portfolio as established by law.

V. If at any time the Council of Ministers loses the confidence of the Senate, they must resign immediately, holding office only until new executive officers can be elected.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Ministry Foundation Act

Drafted by: Agritum
Sponsored by : The New Greek Republic
Aeken
Evraim
Grenartia
Great Nepal

REALIZING that the Executive Branch of a Government needs a well-defined Cabinet of Ministers to properly function,

ACKNOWLEDGING that our nation currently lacks one, and immediately needs such a cabinet to enact the Senate's legislation on a nationwide level,

ESTABLISHING that the Cabinet will be headed by the Head of Government, which will also have the duty and right to appoint and dismiss Ministers, and that potential Ministers are required to be part of the Senate to be appointed to a Ministry,


THE SENATE hereby announces the official layout of the Ministerial Cabinet, which will be composed by:

The Ministry of Interiors, with the duty of policing the nation, ensuring national security, supervise local governments, elections and immigration.

The Ministry of Defense, with the role of managing the country's armed forces and the defense of national territory.

The Ministry of Research and Astronomy, with the duty of managing and sponsoring scientific research in our nation, and provide funding to specialized research agencies alongside providing oversight to space program and facilitating funding for research and space program.

The Ministry of Education, with the duty of managing the country's education system, its infrastructures and employees.

The Ministry of Treasury and Finance (Exchequer), with the role to manage the country's taxation system and collect the revenue of taxes and other governmental revenues.

The Ministry of Health, with the duty of managing the country's healthcare system, its infrastructure and employees.

The Ministry of Energy, with the duty of managing the country's energetical resources and infrastructures.

The Ministry of Culture and Sports, with the task of protecting the cultural heritage of the country, promoting cultural and sportive activities and expression, manage cultural and sports agencies and organizations.

The Ministry of Justice, with the duty of organizing the judiciary system, supervise over public prosecutors, mantain the legal system.

The Ministry of Work, with the duty of managing national labour standards, policies and employement.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with the duty of managing diplomatical relationships with foreign nations, supervise over our overseas embassies and provide diplomatical support to nationals in foreign territory.

The Ministry of Environment, with the duty of managing the natural environment, pollution and the landscape of the country, regulating industry and agriculture to ensure adequate environmental standards.

THE SENATE establishes that the Head of Government can create new Ministries and sub-departments and agencies, if they are needed to ensure national stability and prosperity.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Bodily Sovereignty Act
Urgency: Urgent| Drafted by: Great Nepal | Edited for Archiving by Trotskylvania


Findings

§ 1: This senate recognises self ownership and sovereignty of the individual as one of fundamental and inalienable rights held equally by all non-convicted men, women and children. Upholding principles held by philosophers William Rees-Mogg and James Dale Davidson, this senate enacts The Bodily Sovereignty Act (henceforth referred to as the Act).

Definitions

§ 2: When used in this Act: [I have removed the needlessly recursive definitions as unnecessary]

(1) Person shall be defined as a human individual.

(2) Child shall be defined as a young human being from age of zero to legal age of majority.

(3) Man shall be defined as an adult human with biological gender as male.

(4) Woman shall be defined as an adult human with biological gender as female.

Rights to Bodily Sovereignty

§ 3: By the powers vested in it, by the people and constitution, this senate hereby grants every non-convicted individual with sound mind, certain inalienable rights,unless their action are deemed hazardous to non-consenting indivudal [This is unnecessary in light of the previous statement about non-convicted] or they are deemed to not be of sound mind by professional examining body. These rights shall fall under umbrella term of "bodily sovereignty rights".
Self defence: If an individual is threatened with injury to their life or limb, or loss of bodily materials by actions of third party which may or may not be an individual, they shall be able to engage in self defence to neutralise the said threat by using all necessary force.
Reproductive rights: An individual will have final authority regarding their reproductive organs, sexual actions and reproduction provided, all indivudal involved in said act have provided informed consent to said act.
End of life: An individual shall have final authority regarding their end of life decisions and shall be able to end their own lives without fear of legal consequences. This senate shall make no laws that may criminalise suicide of any kind unless it causes direct harm to individual who has not provided informed consent.
Consumption: Individuals shall have final authority on what they input into their bodies unless it is required as material evidence in a court of law. It must be made clear that this does not apply to recreational drugs, which shall be handled by future legislation in this senate.
Medical treatment: Individuals shall be able to refuse medical treatment should they see fit unless it is required as material evidence in court of law. Refusal to accept medical treatment however shall be a valid reason to quarantine an individual, if it is professional opinion that disease they carry is highly contagious and hazardous to public.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Policing and Law Enforcement Act (2013)

Urgency: UTMOST

Drafted by: Senator Kouralia of the USLP

Co-Sponsors: New Freedomstan (USLP), Evraim (PC), Othelos (PC), Zweite Alaje (NIFP), Demphor (N/A), Geilinor (LD), Ziegenhain (LFP)

The government of our nation,

AWARE that our fair land has no formalised method of dealing with criminals,

UNDERSTANDING that such a situation is objectively unacceptable,

RECOMMENDING that the senate hereby moves to form a uniformed, official and publicly accountable Police Force/Police Forces along the following lines.

A : Formation of Localised Constabularies and Equivalents
1.0 - The formation of the Regional Marshals and Temporary Policing Coordination bureau
1.1 - Acknowledging that the creation of a professional and qualified Police Force takes time, we must not suffer temporary anarchy.
1.2 - In order to overcome this, until such time as a professional organisation can be formed, a system of elected deputies shall exist. Each geographically-divided region shall be mandated to elect approximately 1% of its populaton to serve part-time as a 'Regional Marshal' [hereafter RM]. Their job shall be to temporarily inter people under the society's interpretation of the laws. Additionally, a Temporary Policing Coordination Bureau [hereafter TPCB] shall be formed to manage, enlist, dismiss and investigate the RMs.
1.3 - Acknowledging that this leaves the situation open to abuse, an alert of any act committed by an RM shall be transmitted to the TPCB by the RM him/herself. The TPCB shall be able to order any RM to cease and desist in any activities.
1.4 - All RM shall be accountable for their actions, which shall be reviewed by the Ministry of Justice (National Security Act) following the dissolution of the RM and TPCB. If they are found to be unlawful then a punishment can be thusly applied.
1.5 - Any RM may be formally relieved of their position by the TPCB if a complaint regarding them is found to be truthful and of acceptable severity.
1.6 - The position of RM shall be paid by a wage of *X*, not affected by their productivity but affected by their successful conviction rate with danger pay provided.

2.0 - The dissolution of the Regional Marshals and Temporary Policing Coordination Bureau
2.1 - The Dissolution of the RM and TPCB shall occur by the order of a judge of a Court of Law, with each order only being able to be passed when the Officers Commanding of any relevant regional Constabularies agree that they are capable of undertaking the Law Enforcement Duties in that area.
2.2 - Any RM who refuses to surrender any claim to that position when required to do so by the legal authority of the TCPB or a Court of Law will be charged with Impersonating a Police Officer.

3.0 - Formation of Regional Constabularies
3.1 - Jurisdictional Districts shall be determined by a Committee of the Ministry of Justice (National Security Act), and each shall have a Constabulary formed within it. (e.g. Metropolitan Constabulary).
3.2 - The recruitment of officers into each Constabulary shall be handled by the relevant officials in that Constabulary, with final decisions remaining with that Constabulary.
3.3 - Requirements for recruitment will be determined by each Constabulary, however the following shall be mandated as a minimum:
Holding a Current Drivers License (Following the creation of a Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency)
Ability to swim
No past violent or serious crimes
Non-membership of any Party Paramilitary (e.g. the Security Branch of the People's Proletarian Force)
Passing of a Standardised Fitness Test, the contents of which are to be determined.

B : Accountability of Localised Constabularies and Equivalents
1.0 - Accountability of Regional Marshals
1.1 - All RM shall be held accountable to the TPCB, and the TPCB has complete ability to mandate removal of an RM for violation of organisational ethics.
1.2 - The TPCB is accountable to the elected Minister of the Ministry of Justice (National Security Act), and the request for its dissolvement shall come from him/her alone.

2.0 - Accountability of Local Constabularies
2.1 - All local Constabularies will be held accountable to the Independent Police Internal Affairs Agency [hereafter IPIAA].
2.2 - The IPIAA shall be tasked with investigating fully any complaint against the Local Constabularies.
2.3 - The IPIAA shall have the ability to fire any police officer found to have violated the Policing Code of Practice, or provide any other proportionate punishment including recommending they be charged with a criminal activity to be tried in a Court of Law.
2.4 - The IPIAA and Regional Constabularies shall be held accountable to the Ministry of Justice (National Security Act) and therefore to the elected Minister, and therefore to the Public. This ensures that neither organisation can continue along a path without the backing of the Public.

C : Powers of Local Constabularies
1.0 - Powers to Arrest or Search a Person
1.1 - Any sworn in Constable (Constable used hereafter to refer to any sworn in law enforcement officer of a Local Constabulary) can arrest someone formally as a Police Officer as opposed to a Citizen’s Arrest.
1.2 - Upon arresting any person, the Constable must cite which section of the Law they have breached, and have their rights read to them: ‘You have the right to remain silent, however anything you do say can and could be taken down and be used in a court of law against you. beware of failing to mention something now which you later rely on in a Court of Law. You have the right to Legal Assistance.’ If this does not occur then the Custody Serjeant may refuse to take Custody of the Arrestee.
1.3 - In order to arrest that person, the Constable must have reasonable cause to believe they have breached the required section of the law, and should they fail to have breached that section of law then the Constable could suffer a penalty up to and including Assault, Kidnapping and Unlawful Detainment.
1.4 - In the event that a person resists this arrest, another charge may be applied. If the arrest is found to be unlawful, this charge may be translated to a relevant civilian/civilian assault charge should it be found to be disproportionate (i.e. stabbing a police man because said Constable is mistakenly arresting the wrong person for throwing a projectile at a Constable would result in a charge of attempted murder - even if it were determined that the Constable Arresting were doing do knowingly unlawfully.)
1.5 - No person may be searched without consent unless they have been arrested.
1.6 - Refusing to be searched is not a crime, however if being searched is a requirement for anything (e.g. entering a Government Building) then refusal to be searched will not enable this requirement to be bypassed.
1.7 - No person may be searched by a Constable of the opposite gender.
1.8 - Any evidence procured through a search must be isolated from the Officer’s possessions and placed within an evidence bag. It’s seizure must be made known to the Searchee. If this does not occur then it may be inadmissable in court.

2.0 - Powers to Enter or Search a Property
1.1 - A Police Officer may enter any private property should they have reason to believe (beyond reasonable doubt) that any of the following are occurring:
Assault
Battery
Attempted Murder
Manslaughter
Theft
Sexual Assaults
Destruction of Property
They may enter any private property should they have reason to believe (beyond any reasonable doubt) that any of the following have been committed in the property:
Murder
They may enter any private property in order to pursue a fleeing suspect. They may enter any private property to ‘ensure the safety and integrity of life of person or property’. If this is found to be mis-used then the police officer may be punished up to and including being charged with Breaking and Entering.
1.2 - A Police Officer may search a property without a warrant under the above conditions barring Pursuit of a Suspect. This search must be non-invasive and must end at the boundary of the private property.
1.3 - Any destruction of property occurring through an illegal entrance or search will be compensated for to 100% by the Local Constabulary. If the search or entrance was legal, then an application for compensation may be made but successful reimbursement is not guaranteed.

3.0 - Powers with Warrant
3.1 - If in possession of a valid warrant (e.g. ‘Warrant to Search property Number 221B, Baker Street, London’) then the pre-stated requirements to search, enter or arrest an individual or property are not required.
3.2 - If this warrant is served incorrectly, then the results of the search may be inadmissible.
3.3 - If the property owner is present and brought to hold conversation with involved Constables, then said warrant must be presented to them for inspection. If not, then it must be presented to them upon arrival.
3.4 - Violence to resist the serving of a warrant will incur a criminal charge.
3.5 - A warrant may only be signed by a Sworn In Judge, and if it does not contain a signature from any said person then it is invalid as a legal document.
3.6 - If said warrant was invalid illegal, enacting it will not constitute an offence, unless it is done while knowing that the warrant was invalid, in which case a penalty up to and including Breaking and Entering OR Assault and Kidnapping and Unlawful Detention OR Assault (respectively to Enter, Arrest or Search (a person)).

4.0 - Power to Bear Arms
4.1 - Understanding this nation has no firearms limitation laws, all Police officers are entitled (or mandated, by Constabulary-Determined policy) to carry Constabulary-standardised firearms classified as ‘Pistols’ about their person while on duty.
4.2 - Understanding this nation has no firearms limitation laws, specialist Firearms units shall be formed of specially trained and selected elite Firearms Officers.
4.3 - Said Firearms Officers may carry appropriate weaponry for their role.

5.0 - Power to End Life
5.1 - Should an armed person A) present a Clear and Present Danger, or B) cause a Constable to believe they present a Clear and Present Danger to another human being, a Constable will be justified in engaging them with their Duty Weapon.
5.2 - Said Constable is justified in using sufficient force to neutralise the threat utterly.
5.3 - Said Constable is free to act without prior permission in such an instance.
5.4 - Said Constable’s actions will be thoroughly investigated, and if the action was found to be justified yet in error (see 5.1.B), no action may be taken to punish them. If the action was found to be in error and unjustified then any punishment up to and including being charged with Murder may occur.

6.0 - Jurisdiction
6.1 - A Local Constabulary’s jurisdiction RE: call outs extends to the limit of their jurisdiction, with reasonable leeway.
6.2 - A Local Constabulary’s jurisdiction RE: crimes in progress and witnessed by a Constable in person extends up to the end of national borders and national waters.
6.3 - Hot Pursuit applies RE: the pursuit of suspects cross jurisdictions.
6.4 - A Constable maintains powers over any and all citizens of this nation, including Military Personnel. This is not reciprocated by Military Policemen. Any citizen of this nation may Lawfully Assist a Constable in the lawful enactment of their powers.

D : Equipment
1.0 - Uniforms
1.1 - It is recommended that the uniform of each Constable consist of numerous Dress Uniform Numbers. Ceremonial, Working and Combat.
1.2 - Ceremonial to consist of a Standardised national Dress Uniform in line with, yet distinct of the Army #1 Dress.
1.3 - Working to consist of easily maintained and hard-wearing material clothes, an example being a service cap/bowler hat, a stab-proof vest in an unobtrusive hue (black recommended), belt kit, a polo-shirt in an unobtrusive hue, cargo trousers in an unobtrusive hue and combat boots (black). This uniform may be deviated from by Local Constabularies.
1.4 - Combat to consist of Working with ballistic protection for use by Firearms Officers.

2.0 - Belt Kit
2.1 - Acknowledging that all Police Constables require equipment in the carrying out of their duty.
2.2 - Mandating the carrying of this by every Beat Officer:
1x Handcuffs Pair
1x Baton
1x CS can
1x Radio
2x Evidence Bags
1x Badge of Office
2.3 - Recognising that additional equipment may be carried by Constables where necessary.

3.0 - Weaponry
3.1 - Understanding this nation has no firearms limitation laws, it is recommended that all Constabularies arm their officers with a semi-automatic, magazine fed pistol firing a round either 9x19mm or .45 ACP.
3.2 - Understanding this nation has no firearms limitation laws, it is recommended that all Constabularies maintain an appropriate arsenal of Pistol-Cartridge semi-automatic Carbines (‘SMGs’), Intermediate-Cartridge select fire Rifles (Assault Rifles), Smooth-bore weapons (Shotguns) and Rifle-Cartridge Semi-automatic Rifles (Battle or ‘Sniper’ Rifles).

4.0 Vehicles
4.1 - Recommending that all Constabularies adopt a standardised vehicle which shall be chosen for it’s suitability to task. But not mandating this.
4.2 - Mandating all Constabularies outfit their vehicles with Battenburg markings (yellow/Blue) for clarification, Constabulary Livery and lights.
4.3 - Allowing any Constabulary to procure specialist vehicles as and where necessary, if it meets the requirements.

E : Misc.
1
1.1 - The Constabularies will be utterly independent of any and all Political Parties.

F : Ommissions of Act
1
1.1 - This Act Omits listing the Criminal Justice Code
1.2 - This Act Omits listing the Police Code of Code of Conduct
1.3 - This Act Omits legislating on the creation of Courts, though RECOMMENDS that such is done.
1.4 - This Act Omits legislating on Service Police or Nationwide Forces. National Police are covered by the National Security Act (National Security Act), and Service Police (e.g. Military Police, Air Force Police, Naval Provost) must be covered in legislation concerning their respective branches. it is RECOMMENDED that such is done.
1.5 - This Act Omits legislating on Forensics Investigation, though RECOMMENDS that such is done.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

The Business Accountability Act
Drafted by: Polvia
Co-Drafted by: Aquitayne, Soviet Canuckistan

The Senate of the nation that has yet to be named;
DEFINING “business institution” as: Any organization involved in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers.
OBSERVING the great potential for institutions of business to do great harm to their employees through their practices.
REALIZING that there are no laws that hold business institutions accountable to the safety of their workers.
MANDATES that any injury or death of any worker, or multiple workers, while on the job, regardless of the nature of said worker’s nationality or residence, shall be brought to an inquiry on the business practices of the business institution.
MANDATES that, if the injury or death of a worker or multiple workers, should it be found that said injury(s) or death(s) are, in anyway, connected to;
1) The practices of the business institution,
2) The negligence of the business institution, being aware of potential hazard, to take actions;
3) The disregard of the business institution to follow safety laws, or its own established safety protocol.
MANDATES That said business institution(s) be forced to give compensation in the following manner if the end result is death(s):
1) The coverage of all funeral costs, likewise related death costs, and/or the full coverage of all medical bills,
2) A payment to the household of said worker(s), or closest living immediate relative if worker lives alone, or payment to the government should neither be available, equal to two years wages of that worker(s).
3) A payment of equal variety that is equal in value to three years benefits.
4) For all coverage plans that the covered the household prior to the death or injury of the worker(s) remain in application for a minimum of five years.
5) The business institution be charged with any and all fines that can be applied in the scenario.
MANDATES That said business institution(s) be forced to give compensation in the following manner if the end result is injury(s):
1) The full coverage of all insurance and medical bills,
2) Full pay and benefits for recovery time assigned by a registered Doctor,
3) The business institution be charged with any and all fines that can be applied in the scenario.
MANDATES That said business institution(s) cover the cost of the investigation should they be found guilty of any of the aforementioned provisions.
RESTRICTS an institution from firing any injured workers until they are given one month (30 days) to prove they are capable of working again after the recovery time (as defined under the Injury Mandate clause) is finished,
ESTABLISHES the Business Safety Ministry to be charged with these inquiries into business institutions, and the application of fines upon said business institutions.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

National Security Act
Urgency: Paramount | Sponsor: Trotskylvania

Findings and Policies

§ 1: As a fledgling nation, Aurentina has faced problems with national identity. With a divided electorate, and a number of legitimate concerns arising over the growth of partisan and other militias in the country, it is paramount that as part of organizing a government, the security of the people of the nation is protected.

While external threats have been minimal, and as of yet there is no evidence to suggest that the various militias intend an armed putsch against the government, their existence highlights another problem. Presently, law enforcement and security are the responsibility of local communities. Local police are increasingly inadequate in a highly mobile, globalized society.

Establishment of executive authority

§ 2: (a) A Ministry of Justice shall be established, under the aegis of the Council of Ministers, headed by a Minister of Justice.
(1) This act shall not abridge the right of local communities to establish their own police forces; However:
(2) The Ministry of Justice shall be responsible for implementing national policy regarding criminal justice (including but not limited to prosecution, public defense, incarceration, and rehabilitation), and regulating the conduct of both the National Police Force as established under Section 3, and the various local police forces.
(3) The Ministry of Justice shall be responsible for regulating the conduct of partisan militias according to law enacted by the Senate.

(b) A Ministry of Defense shall be established, under the aegis of the Council of Ministers, headed by a Minister of Defense.
(1) Nothing in this authorization shall be understood to conflict with the prerogative, established under the Republican Executive Act, of the President to act as commander-in-chief of the nation's armed forces.
(2) The Ministry of Defense shall be responsible for implementing defense policy regarding the uniformed armed forces established under Section 4, as enacted by the Council of Ministers.

National Police

§ 3: (a) The National Police Force [NPF] shall be established to protect against breaches of the peace, protect public safety and enforce criminal law.
(1) The NPF shall be governed by a Public Safety Commission appointed by the Ministry of Justice.
(2) Hiring for the NPF shall be conducted by a non-partisan Civil Service Commission, hereby established by this act as an independent government agency under the supervision of the Council of Ministers and the Senate.

(b) This act authorizes NPF to have universal jurisdiction over the entire nation, as well as any embassies established on foreign soil. As per this law, local police forces are required to cooperate with the NPF, and all matters that involve multiple local jurisdictions shall be the primary responsibility of the NPF.

National Defense Force

§ 4: (a) The National Defense Force (NDF) shall be established to protect against foreign invasion and insurrection.
(1) The NDF shall be divided into an Army, Navy, and Air Force.
(2) The NDF shall be an all volunteer military, and no provision of this act shall allow conscription except during times of war. Conscription may only be authorized by Senate resolution during times when a state of war has been declared.
(3) The NDF shall not be used for domestic law enforcement except upon the declaration of a national state of emergency by the Senate.
(4) NDF personnel shall not be quartered in private homes without the consent of the occupants.
(5) The NDF is presently authorized to hold a maximum strength of 200,000 uniformed officers and enlisted persons.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

The Anti-Slavery Act
Proposed by: Senator Adelaide Kohl (NIFP)
Sponsored by: Senator Diopolis (CMP), Senator Cean (TR), Geilinor (LD), Senator Regnum Dominae, Senator DuThaal Craftworld (NIFP), The Realm of God (PC)

Section 0. Slavery is defined as a system under which people are treated as property to be bought and sold, and are forced to work. Slaves can be held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase or birth, and deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to demand compensation.

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, shall exist within the borders of the Commonwealth of Aurentina, or any state subject to her laws and regulations.

Section 1a. No entity, be it person, business or otherwise, shall be allowed to circumvent this law by fleeing the state. The slave trade and the movement of slaves shall thus be illegal in this nation.

Section 2. The Senate shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation, or by forced police action if necessary.

Section 3. This resolution shall set an immediate freedom to all slaves in Aurentina, should any exist. Any persons who do not comply with the new laws outlined in this act, shall be subjected to police or legal action by the Senate, Army, or any official force capable of legal action, upon adoption by the esteemed Senate.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Provisional Criminal Code

Urgency: Very High

Drafted By: Evraim

Co-Sponsors: Costa Alegria, The Realm of God, Othelos

---

The government of our yet to be named nation:

AWARE: that a state of terror has paralyzed the nation

FRUSTRATED: with the persistent inaction and lethargia of the Senate in addressing the numerous violent acts perpetrated on a daily basis against citizens who presently lack legal recourse

BELIEVING: that certain acts; such as: murder, manslaughter, sexual assault, child molestation, possession of child pornography, battery, assault, slander, libel, harassment, arson, theft, fraud, vandalism, reckless endangerment, and criminal neglect contribute to the dysfunctional character of our society and that perpetrators of such acts should be held accountable in the eyes of the law

DEFINING:

Murder: as the premeditated killing by one human being of another member of the species Homo sapiens

Manslaughter: as the unintentional or impulsive killing by one human being of another member of the species Homo sapiens

Sexual Assault: as lewd or sexual acts or behaviors directed towards an individual who has not granted his or her consent to such acts; this definition encompasses rape among of things and should not be interpreted to exclude any offenses of a sexual nature, regardless of the relative severity of the acts in question

Child Molestation: as sexual acts or behaviors directed towards an individual under the age of seventeen by an individual who has attained at least seventeen years; additionally, this infraction shall include all sexual acts of behaviors directed towards individuals under the age of fourteen

Possession of Child Pornography: as holding or possessing pornographic materials, defined as any images or words designed to incite sexual arousal, which portray or depict at least one or more individuals under the age of seventeen

Battery: as the unnecessary and unlawful employment of physical force against another individual resulting in or intended to result in injury, whether with or without a weapon

Assault: as the unnecessary and unlawful employment or threat of employment of physical force against another individual, whether intended to result in injury or not

Slander: as spoken untruthful and malicious defamation of character

Libel: as written untruthful and malicious defamation of character

Harassment: as repetitive and persistent behaviors, gestures, or words which perturb, upset, or discomfit another individual to the point where they might conceivably suffer mental harm

Arson: as the deliberate or wrongful igniting of a fire which endangers or destroys property, life, or well-being, either of an individual or the state

Theft: as the unlawful and nonconsensual acquisition of property through means other than guile

Fraud: as the unlawful acquisition of property, capital, or favors, which would otherwise be nonconsensual, through the use of guile

Vandalism: as the wanton destruction or defacing of another individual's or a state's property

Reckless Endangerment: as any action taken or behavior adopted without regard to the impact of one's actions on others, which could cause immediate and pressing concern for individual or public safety

Criminal Neglect: as the abandonment of an individual under the age of seventeen or a dependent, whether temporary of conclusive, which endangers the physical, mental, or emotional well-being of the minor or dependent in question

MANDATING: that persons charged with any of the aforementioned crimes shall henceforth be detained and imprisoned until an independent judiciary capable of hearing their case shall be established

STIPULATING: that this resolution, allowing for the indefinite detention of accused persons, shall be rendered null and void upon the creation of an independent judiciary responsible for trying accused persons together with the passage of a comprehensible criminal code of justice; as legislation is enacted to address specific infractions, portions of this resolution may be considered severable

OBLIGATING: all branches of the government to ensure that accused persons receive a fair trial by a jury of their peers and with access to legal counsel

HEREBY ESTABLISHES A TEMPORARY CRIMINAL CODE OF JUSTICE

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Internal Security Act (2013)
Co-drafted by: Michael Blumenthal (Costa Alegria) and Ivan Sallustro (Wolfmanne) (Both PC) || Urgency: High
Co-sponsors: Grenartia (TR), The Realm of God (PC), Othelos (PC), Greater Pokarnia (CP), Aeken (LD)

Preamble
The security of our nation is a top priority for the government and the Senate. Election to the Senate gives you the responsibility to ensure that you can hold the government to account in ensuring the safety and security of our people. However, it is not the responsibility of individual political parties to act as the judge, jury and executioner, for only multiple political parties and not just one can hold the government to account. Furthermore, we recognise that whether you support or oppose the Right to Bear Arms, in a time such as this, we need to reach a compromise until specific firearms legislation promoting or restricting the ownership of guns. In order to further the government's ability to ensure the security of this nation, we see the need for the creation of a government organisation to do just that, as evidenced by the 1st Festival of Republic, where armed right-wing paramilitaries are attempting to agitate left-wing paramilitaries into destabilising the nation.

Article 1: Formation
1a: In light of potential civil war and for use in a time of a national or regional emergency the Aurentinian National Gendarmerie is to be established under the auspices of the Ministry of the Interior.
1b: A National Gendarmerie Training Academy shall also be established with the function of training officers.
1c: Also establishes specially trained sub-forces for special operations and riot control.
1d: The National Gendarmerie shall be organised into a series of Brigades consisting of a number of Regiments from different regions.
1e: In times of war, the Nationla Gendarmerie or individual Brigades and Regiments may be drafted by the National Defense Force to provide rear security, police the military and for national defense against external threats, based upon the threat to national security this war may have. Gendarmes are to be considered a part of the military and not civilians, however whilst the Aurentinian National Gendarmrie is considered to be a military organisation, it does not come under the National Defense Force but the Ministry of the Interior, unless they have been drafted.
1d: All National Gendarmerie officers shall be accountable for their actions and subject to review by both the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Justice.
1f: Gendarmes shall have policing powers as established by the Policing and Law Enforcement Act in situations where which require the tempoary deployment of National Guard personnel or within jurisidictions that apply to the National Gendarmerie.

Article 2: Jurisdiction and Deployment
2a: The Aurentinian National Gendarmerie shall provide security of public institutions, ministries and courts, embassies and consulates international airports, national museums, nuclear power plants, riots & crowds control, publicly crowded events and our national borders.
2b: The Aurentinian National Gendarmerie shall conduct high risk arrests, disaster response, SWAT operations, the suppression of internal armed conflicts and riots, the policing of areas without a sufficient amount of civilian police, to support local constabularies and counter-terrorism operations.
2c: Herein also decrees that the National Gendarmerie shall assist the Police, Emergency Medical Services and the Fire Service in times of natural or man-made disaster.

Article 3: Uniforms and Equipment
3a: All members of the National Gendarmerie shall have three primary uniforms: Dress, Operational and Ceremonial.
3b: Operational uniforms shall consist of a standard red beret, black bulletproof vest and belt kit (both of which should not intrude into how the officer moves), a khaki green polo shirt and light khaki button shirt along with accompanying jersey and cargo pants as well as black combat boots.
3c: Mandating that all National Gendarmerie officers on duty may carry the following equipment:
One pair of handcuffs.
One telescopic baton.
One can of CS spray.
One personal radio set.
The badge of the National Gendarmerie.
Additionally, it shall be mandated that all National Gendarmeie officers shall have the minimum of one firearm per officer with spare ammunition as the officer sees fit.
3d: Mandating that all National Gendarmerie officers use firearms that use the same calibre of ammunition as both the National Defense Force and the National Police Force. Officers may also use firearms seized from criminals and paramilitaries as long as they comply with safety regulations and are military grade or the equivalent.
3e: Herein forbids officers to use firearms which are temporarily seized from their owners or garishly decorated.
3f: Recommending that the National Gendarmerie adopt a standardised vehicle for their respective tasks.
3g: Mandating that all non-combat vehicles carry a green and white livery with blue lights. Mandating that all combat vehicles carry a dark green livery with white letters and orange hazard lights.
3h: Allowing National Gendarmerie officers to use non-combat and combat ground vehicles in operations.
3i: Allowing National Gendarmerie officers the use of seized or captured non-combat and combat vehicles.

Article 4: On Paramilitaries
4a: All paramilitaries, with the exception of those under the auspices of government agencies, are to be formally disbanded, including those under political parties and those otherwise independent from them, such as vigilante groups or citizen militias.
4b: All paramilitaries are to surrender their arms, munitions and vehicles with mounted weaponry that may have the potential of causing lethal harm to others to the Ministry of Justice, who shall issue disarmament warrants to law enforcement agencies.
4c: Paramilitaries that fail to disarm or be disbanded are to be designated as terrorist organisations. If they are under the auspices of a parent organisation, such as a political party, then they are to dissuade links from that paramilitary or they to shall be considered a terrorist organisation.
4d: The creation of new paramilitaries, vigilante groups and citizen militias is banned and all new paramilitaries are to be recognised as terrorist organisations. Any organisations, such as political parties, that endorse new paramilitaries, vigilante groups and citizen militias are also to be designated as terrorist organisations.
4e: Paramilitaries or individual members who fail to disarm may be arrested and trialed on the charges of refusal to disarm, illegal promotion of paramilitary activities and terrorism.
4f: Hereby mandates that members of demobilised political paramilitaries and other armed organisations as outlined in Article 4a may enlist with the National Gendarmerie provided they meet entry requirements.

Article 5: Private Security
5a: A security officer, or security guard, shall be defined as a privately and formally employed uniformed citizen who is paid and qualified to protect property, assets, or people by maintaining a high visibility presence to deter illegal and inappropriate actions, observing for signs of crime, fire or disorder and either reporting the incident to the local constabulary or using necessary force to suppress the perpetrator in the event that the physical well being of others can be potentially harmed, via a citizen's arrest or the usage of force as a last resort. 
5b: The Office of Security Industry Regulation (Ofsecure) is established to regulate the security industry, to formally license security officers and to formally award qualifications to security trainees.
5c: Ofsecure shall establish a series of qualifications that are a basic requirement to be licensed as a security officer. The first is the Ofsecure Certification of Basic Security, which shall consist of 48 hours of training and upon completion, allows an individual to be employed as an unarmed security officer in all private properties. The other two qualifications are the Ofsecure Certification of Armed Security, which consists of 12 hours of training and upon completion, allows an individual to be employed as an armed security officer on all private properties and the Ofsecure Certification of Security Maintenance, which consists of 24 hours of training and upon completion, allows an individual to design, install, and repair security devices.
5d: To be issued a license from Ofsecure, a prospective security officer must be aged 18, must have completed upper secondary education as defined by the International Standard Classification of Education, be subject to approval by the local constabulary, pass a test, have at least obtained the Ofsecure Certification of Basic Security as a minimum and have no ongoing mental health issues or have a criminal record or be a convicted felon. The license should list all of the Ofsecure security qualifications obtained.
5e: License renewal shall occur every 5 years and shall consist of the same standard tests. Qualifications are renewed by passing a written paper regarding the subject.
5f: A security officer is to be uniformed in an appropriate manner and may not wear clothing or emblems of anything that is militaristic or promotes the ideology of political party. A security officer may wear a beret or a peaked cap and is to be dressed in a uniform that is predominantly blue or black. 
5g: A security officer may make a citizen's arrest (defined in Article 4) if necessary or may assist a law enforcement officer in making an arrest, if requested to do so by the said officer.
5h: An armed security officer must comply with any firearms legislation that may be set, including any licensing requirement or any background checks that are required to be made.
5i: Private security companies must register with Ofsecure and they are only permitted to employ qualified, licensed security officers.
5j: Private security companies will be subject to inspections by Ofsecure.
5k: Private security companies are required to offer qualifications training in all three certificates categories.

Article 6: Citizen's Arrest
6a: A Citizen's Arrest may be made if against anyone in the act of committing an offense, or whom the arrestor has reasonable grounds for suspecting to be in the act of committing an offence.
6b: A Citizen's Arrest may also be made where an offence has been committed, anyone who is guilty of that offence or whom the arrestor has reasonable grounds for suspecting to be guilty of it.
6c: A Citizen's Arrest is not permitted if there is a law enforcement officer who is in a better position to make an arrest.
6d: Reasonability in a citizen's arrest shall be defined as the prevention of physical injury to the arrestee or others, the loss or damage of property and the absconding before a law enforcement officer can assume responsibility for him. In addition, if the offender has committed any of these acts, then a citizen's arrest may be conducted. 

Article 7: Terrorist Organisations
7a: A terrorist organisation shall be defined as an armed paramilitary, vigilante or citizen militias that have refused to be disarmed in accordance with the paramilitary ban in Articles 1a.
7b: Herein also extends the definition of terrorist organisations as groups that acts, or has the potential to act, in a violent manner towards the state and its citizens and those that commit acts of violence against the state and its citizens for the advancement of an agenda.
7c: The Ministry of Justice may declare an organisation that does not operate in Aurentina that has received internationally widespread condemnation for the violent manner in which it has acted.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Commonwealth Armed Forces Act

Urgency: High | Sponsors: Old Tyrannia, Evraim, Strykla, Byzantium Imperial, Great Nepal

THE SENATE OF AURENTINA,

RECOGNIZING that the Commonwealth of Aurentina currently lacks an organized military force, and that this leaves our nation vulnerable to attack;

MANDATES the formation of a national military, officially titled the Commonwealth Armed Forces;

FURTHER MANDATES the division of the Armed Forces into three branches of service, the Commonwealth Navy, the Commonwealth Army and the Commonwealth Airforce;

ESTABLISHES the Commonwealth General Headquarters as the governing body of the CAF, to be composed of the most senior officers of the three branches of service, appointed by and answerable to the Minister of Defence.

ESTABLISHES that the prerogative to declare war shall remain solely with the Senate;

ESTABLISHES the Chiefs of Staff as professional heads of the Armed Forces, including:

• The General Chief of Staff - Professional Head of the Commonwealth Army
• The Chief of Naval Staff - Professional Head of the Commonwealth Navy
• The Chief of Airforce Staff - Professional Head of the Commonwealth Airforce
• The Chief of Defence Staff - Professional Head of the entire Commonwealth Armed Forces

MANDATES that all physically and mentally fit citizens of 16 years of age and without criminal records may join the Commonwealth Armed Forces:

FURTHER MANDATES that citizens may be deployed for active duty at 18 years of age;

RECOGNIZING that enlistment in the CAF must be voluntary;

ALLOWING conscription only under a state of national emergency declared by the Senate, and mandating that conscripts with a deeply held moral objection to fighting be allowed to serve in non-combat roles.

ESTABLISHES that the salary of personnel in the CAF shall be decided by the Ministry of Defence;

MANDATES that the minimal length of service for CAF personnel shall be five years, with the option to serve an additional two years and so on until personnel are no longer physically or mentally able;

ESTABLISHES that the pension arrangements of CAF personnel shall be organized by the Ministry of Defence, subject to the approval of the Senate.

THUS ESTABLISHES the Commonwealth Armed Forces.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Restricting Capital Punishment Act

Drafted by Bleckonia (NCP)

Sponsors: Regnum Dominae (LFP); Ainin (TR); Maklohi Vai (LD); Yanalia (RG); Grenartia (TR); Othelos (PC)

The death penalty, the punishment of judicial killing set by a court of law, shall never be applied or carried out in the Aurentine Commonwealth for any offense, whether civil or military.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Judicial Act

Co-Drafted by: Wolfmanne (P-CP), Polvia (RG), Evraim (P-CP) and Geadland (P-CP)
Co-Sponsors: Maklohi Vai (LD), Agritum (CSP), Divair (CSP), Potenco (RG), Great Nepal (CFE)

Severity of Crime

1a. A contravention is defined as the least severe form of a crime, which is crime that lacks the severity to trialed against a panel of judges in it's court of first instance. Examples include driving offenses and public disorder. A perpetrator of a contravention may not receive a prison sentence. A maximum fine of £3,000 may be given; it is a maximum fine of £45,000 against corporations.
1b. A delict is defined as a crime that is severe enough to have it's case be trialed before a panel of judges, but not severe enough to warrant the same or similar punishment as a felony. Examples include aggravated assault and battery or wilful neglect of a child. A perpetrator of a delict may receive a prison sentence at or under 10 years and my be fined up to £15,000; it is a maximum fine of £1,000,000 against corporations.
1c. A felony is defined as the most serious kind of crime that could of resulted or has caused the death of an individual or a group, or has otherwise caused severe psychological or physical damage. Examples include murder, rape or arson. A felony shall be trialed before a panel of judges and shall be subject to the most severe forms of punishment. A perpetrator of a felony is mandated to receive a prison sentence at or over 10 years (depending on the crime, the minimum could be more) and may be up to £1,000,000; it is a maximum fine of £10,000,000 against corporations.
1d. A criminal case is to be referred to by name as "Commonwealth vs. [Surname of the Defendant]", or if disambiguation is required, "Commonwealth vs. [Surname of the Defendant], [Name of Court] [Year]". If the defendant's surname is required to be kept secret for purposes of protection, the surname of the defendant should instead be replaced by a single letter.

Regarding Ordinary Courts

2a. This bill establishes a category of ordinary court, the Court of First Instance, with a mandate to trial contraventions, delicts and civil cases. Contraventions and civil cases in which claims don't exceed £5,000 are to be trialed in this court with one presiding Judge whilst delicts and civil cases in which claims exceed £5,000 are to trialed by a panel of three judges.
2b. This bill establishes a category of ordinary court, the Court of Assize, with a mandate to trial felonies, to act as the first court of appeal for delicts, contraventions and felonies which have been trialed. Felonies and felony appeals are to be trialed by a panel of five Judges, whilst appeals are to be trialed by a panel of 3 judges.
2c. This bill grants the Supreme Court of Aurentina the power to be the court of final appeal for criminal and civil law cases unresolved in lesser courts, with both types of appeals to be trialed by a panel of 5 judges.
2d. Each court shall have its own courthouse in which to conduct proceedings, though the building may be shared with other courts in the same jurisdiction. The exception to this is the Supreme Court of Aurentina, which is mandated to have it's courtroom in the capital of Aurentina and it is not permitted to share it's courthouse with other courts.

Aurentine Criminal Procedure

3a. Upon the submission of a case to the Prosecution Office, a Prosecutor is required to be assigned by the Chief Prosecutor to oversee the gathering of the facts. The Prosecutor can appoint experts to carry out examinations; and, when the examination cannot be repeated (for instance, an autopsy), he must inform any relevent suspects, witnesses or defendants, so that the Prosecutor can appoint another expert, to ensure the prosecuted's right of defense, who shall be presumed innocent until proven guilty. In case of interrogations, of searches and of seizures, the suspect, defendant or witness can ask that his Attorney be present.
3b. During an interrogation of a witness, the witness is required to swear an oath to say the truth, only the truth and nothing but the truth and his or her attorney is bound by that as well. If the witness reveals incriminating evidence that gives the possibility that the witness is a potential suspect or [u]refuses to answer a question that would self-incriminate the questioned individual, all questioning must stop for a period of 24 hours, the Prosecutor must inform the individual that he is now a suspect and he mandated to ask whether the suspect would like a state-appointed attorney. Suspects or the defendant can not be forced to swear an oath.
3c. A Prosecutor may issue a precautionary measure against a witness, potential suspect or defendant to preventing the individual from fleeing, from committing another crime or from destroying true evidence or creating false evidence. If the individual believes that the precautionary measure was wrongly submitted, the individual is permitted to appeal to the panel of Judges who will be conducting the trial for the case to have it revoked or corrected. These precautionary measures are as follows are as follows:

(a) Prohibition to leave the country
(b) Duty to present oneself to the nearest police station on given days
(c) Expulsion from one's family house
(d) Restraining orders
(e) Prohibition or duty to dwell in a given place
(f) House arrest
(g) Provisional arrest

3d. At timed intervals, which will be decided on by the (Judge)s conducting the trial and upon the conclusion of the investigation phase, the Prosecutor is required to submit the case findings and evidence recognised by the court in writing to the panel of judges, who will then review the case and make the decision on whether the Prosecution should continue the investigation, on granting the permit to the Prosecution to close the case or if the trial should commence. The letter is required to list all the the parties to the cases (including their Attorneys in addition to the party's witnesses), any experts who conducted the investigation on behalf of the Prosecution or any of the parties and a full list of officially recognised evidence that has lead to the conclusion of the Prosecutor's own personal opinion on who the defendant(s) is/are with an explanation for the reason why. The Judge(s) are then to review the letter and if they accept the possibility of the guilt of the defendant(s), then they are to bring the case to trial. If they believe that there is a lack of evidence the case can brought to trial, then they can request that the Prosecution finds more evidence, or they may give the Prosecutor a permit to formally close the case. If a permit to close the case was granted, then it is at the Prosecutor's discretion on whether to gather more evidence or whether to close it.
3e. At the trial, all witnesses and the experts must bear testimony once again and are mandated to swear an oath to tell the truth and nothing but the truth. The defendant(s) has/have an option to make a testimony at any point of the trial, but he/she is not required to swear an oath. The Prosecutor or an Attorney of a party has the right to cross-examine the witness or expert if necessary to correct any information or point out contradictions that can change the case significantly and if the cross-examinations has resulted in any new information coming to light or contradictions being revealed, then the Judge is required to make the testifier retestify to ensure that all information is corrected. The court may be adjourned if new information that requires investigation by the Prosecutor comes to light. The Judge(s) then declare their verdict once all evidence has been submitted; a majority, in the case of a panel, is required for a verdict of guilt.
3f. Either party in a Court of First Instance trialing an individual or group of individuals has the right to appeal their case to a Court of Assize, if they feel that the verdict or the sentencing was to harsh, too lenient or wrong. Upon the conclusion of the appeal, either party in that appeal has the further right to appeal to the Supreme Court of Aurentina.
3g. Either party in a Court of Assize trialing an individual or group of individuals that has committed a delict has the right to appeal their case to another Court of Assize. Upon the conclusion of the appeal, either party in that appeal has the further right to appeal to the Supreme Court of Aurentina.

Aurentine Civil Procedure

4a. The Plaintiff of a civil case is required to submit the case to the Prosecution Office in their jurisdiction. A Prosecutor is required to be assigned by the Chief Prosecutor to investigate the facts of the case. The Prosecutor, if he deems it to be necessary, assign experts, such as police officers, government agents or forensic scientists to conduct the investigation on behalf of the Prosecutor. The Prosecutor is required to notify the Defendant that a case is being brought against him within 24 hours. The Defendant is permitted to submit a counterclaim. The Plaintiff and the Defendant are permitted to have an Attorney, paid at their own expense, to represent them. The Prosecutor or an expert with authorisation from the Prosecutor may interrogate witnesses and individuals from either party, or conduct searches or seizures, and those being interrogated are all required to swear an oath to tell the truth, only the truth and nothing but the truth. They are allowed to have an Attorney present during an interrogation.
4b. A Prosecutor may issue a precautionary measure against a witness, the Defendant or the Plaintiff to preventing the individual from fleeing, or from destroying true evidence and creating false evidence. If the individual believes that the precautionary measure was wrongly submitted, the individual is permitted to appeal to the panel of Judges who will be conducting the trial for the case to have it revoked or corrected. These precautionary measures are as follows are as follows:

(a) Prohibition to leave the country
(b) Duty to present oneself to the nearest police station on given days
(c) Expulsion from one's family house
(d) Restraining orders
(e) Prohibition or duty to dwell in a given place
(f) House arrest
(g) Provisional arrest

4c. At timed intervals, which will be decided on by the (Judge)s conducting the trial and upon the conclusion of the investigation phase, the Prosecutor is required to submit the case findings and evidence recognised by the court in writing to the panel of judges to begin the trial. The letter is required to list all the the parties to the cases (including their Attorneys in addition to the party's witnesses), any experts who conducted the investigation on behalf of the Prosecution or any of the parties and a full list of officially recognised evidence that has lead to the conclusion of the Prosecutor's own personal opinion on whether to rule in favour of the Plaintiff, the Defendant or any other relevant parties. If they believe that there is a lack of evidence the case can brought to trial, then they can request that the Prosecution is given more time to evidence, but the Judges can not issue a permit for the Prosecutor to close the case unless both sides agree to do so.
4d. At the trial, all witnesses and the experts must bear testimony once again and are mandated to swear an oath to tell the truth and nothing but the truth. The Prosecutor is only mandated to make an appearance at the start of the court, to formally announce his case findings and his opinions. For the rest of the proceedings, the Prosecutor is not required to be present. The defendant(s) or the plantiff(s) has/have an option to make a testimony at any point of the trial, but he/she is not required to swear an oath. The Attorney of a party has the right to cross-examine the witness or expert if necessary to correct any information or point out contradictions that can change the case significantly and if the cross-examinations has resulted in any new information coming to light or contradictions being revealed, then the Judge is required to make the testifier retestify to ensure that all information is corrected. The court may be adjourned if new information that requires investigation by the Prosecutor comes to light. The Judge(s) then declare their verdict once all evidence has been submitted; a majority, in the case of a panel, with the verdict either being a 'ruling in favour of the Plaintiff' or a 'ruling in favour of the Defendant'.
4e. Either party in a Court of First Instance trialing an individual or group of individuals has the right to appeal their case to a Court of Assize if they feel that the verdict or the sentencing was to harsh, too lenient or wrong. Upon the conclusion of the appeal, either party in that appeal has the further right to appeal to the Supreme Court of Aurentina.
4f. Either party in a Court of Assize trialing an individual or group of individuals that has committed a delict has the right to appeal their case to another Court of Assize if they feel that the verdict or the sentencing was to harsh, too lenient or wrong. Upon the conclusion of the appeal, either party in that appeal has the further right to appeal to the Supreme Court of Aurentina.

Aurentine Administrative Procedure

5a. Upon the submission of a case to the Prosecution Office, a Prosecutor is required to be assigned by the Chief Prosecutor to investigate the facts of the case. The Prosecutor, if he deems it to be necessary, assign experts, such as police officers, government agents or forensic scientists to conduct the investigation on behalf of the Prosecutor. The Defendant has the right to an Attorney and may be appointed one at the expense at the expense of the state. The Prosecutor or an expert with authorisation from the Prosecutor may interrogate witnesses and the Defendant, or conduct searches or seizures , and those being interrogated are all required to swear an oath to tell the truth, only the truth and nothing but the truth. They are allowed to have an Attorney present during an interrogation.
5b. A Prosecutor may issue a precautionary measure against a witness or the Defendant preventing the individual from fleeing, or from destroying true evidence and creating false evidence. If the individual believes that the precautionary measure was wrongly submitted, the individual is permitted to appeal to the panel of Judges who will be conducting the trial for the case to have it revoked or corrected. These precautionary measures are as follows are as follows:

(a) Prohibition to leave the country
(b) Duty to present oneself to the nearest police station on given days
(c) Expulsion from one's family house
(d) Restraining orders
(e) Prohibition or duty to dwell in a given place
(f) House arrest
(g) Provisional arrest

5c. At timed intervals, which will be decided on by the (Judge)s conducting the trial and upon the conclusion of the investigation phase, the Prosecutor is required to submit the case findings and evidence recognised by the court in writing to the panel of judges presiding over the case, who will then review the case and make the decision on whether the Prosecution should continue the investigation, on granting the permit to the Prosecution to close the case or if the trial should commence. The letter is required to list all the the parties to the cases (including their Attorneys in addition to the party's witnesses), any experts who conducted the investigation on behalf of the Prosecution or any of the parties and a full list of officially recognised evidence that has lead to the conclusion of the Prosecutor's own personal opinion. The Judge(s) are then to review the letter and decide on whether to bring the case to trial. If they believe that there is a lack of evidence the case can brought to trial, then they can request that the Prosecution finds more evidence, or they may give the Prosecutor a permit to formally close the case. If a permit to close the case was granted, then it is at the Prosecutor's discretion on whether to gather more evidence or whether to close it.
5d. At the trial, all witnesses and the experts must bear testimony once again and are mandated to swear an oath to tell the truth and nothing but the truth. The defendant(s) has/have an option to make a testimony at any point of the trial, but he/she is not required to swear an oath. The Prosecutor or an Attorney of a party has the right to cross-examine the witness or expert if necessary to correct any information or point out contradictions that can change the case significantly and if the cross-examinations has resulted in any new information coming to light or contradictions being revealed, then the Judge is required to make the testifier retestify to ensure that all information is corrected. The court may be adjourned if new information that requires investigation by the Prosecutor comes to light. The Judge(s) then declare their verdict once all evidence has been submitted; a majority, in the case of a panel, with the verdict either being a 'ruling in favour of the Prosecution's claims' or a 'ruling in favour of the Defendant's claims'.
5e. Either party in a Court of Administrative Law trialing an individual or group of individuals has the right to appeal their case to a High Court of Administrative Law, if they feel that the verdict or the sentencing was to harsh, too lenient or wrong. Upon the conclusion of the appeal, either party in that appeal has the further right to appeal to the Supreme Court of Aurentina.

Regarding the Supreme Court of Aurentina

6a. This bill establishes a supreme court, the Supreme Court of Aurentina, as the court of final appeal for criminal, civil and administrative law, whilst being the sole court responsible for constitutional law.
6b. The amount of Judges shall be set to 45, with no more or no less Judges at any ordinary period of time.
6c. There shall be two panels of the Supreme Court of Aurentina, each headed by a Vice President of the Supreme Court that is elected by the members of the panel.
6d. A Vice President of the Supreme Court is permitted to serve only one non-renewable term of 4 years.
6e. All cases regarding constitutional law shall come to the Supreme Court. Cases regarding constitutional law shall be presided over by a panel of 7 Judges, consisting of the President of the Supreme Court, the two Vice Presidents of the Supreme Court and two Judges from each panel picked by the Vice President of the respective panel specifically for the case.
6f. Among the Judges a President of the Supreme Court shall be elected, with each Judge receiving a fair and equal vote. The President of the Supreme Court is mandated to be an ex-Vice President of the Supreme Court, with the exception of the first Supreme Court Judge, who shall be appointed with a 75% majority of the Senate and shall be the first Judge on the Supreme Court of Aurentina. The first President shall choose the first two Vice Presidents of the Supreme Court. A President of the Supreme Corut may only serve one non-renewable term of 4 years.

Impeachment of the President of Aurentina

7a. The Senate may open the case for the Impeachment of the President of Aurentina with a 66% majority for every charge against the President of Aurentina.
7b. The Director of Public Prosecutions shall be responsible for the investigation of of the President of Aurentina's charges, choosing whether to Prosecute and for the submission of the case findings to the panel of Judges for approval.
7c. The panel of Judges presiding over the case shall consist of a the President of the Supreme Court, the two Vice Presidents of the Supreme Court and two Judges from the Supreme Court elected for the case by the entirety of the Supreme Court, shall act as the Judges of the case submitted against the President. The Judges shall be responsible for the approval of the case findings by the Director of Public Prosecutions, conducting the trial and decide the final verdict.
7e. Upon the deliverance of guilt, the only sentence that may given is the official Impeachment. Conviction for other charges must be conducted in the relevant court of law.

Recognition of Professions of Law

8a. This bill recognises the professions of Prosecutor, defined as a magistrate and civil servant that oversees the investigation of a case, submits the case findings to the relevant Judge for approval; and represents their case in a trial, Attorney, defined as an individual that is licensed to practice law and Judge, defined as a magistrate who review cases submitted by prosecutors and approves them for trial if there is enough evidence, presides over trials and declares a verdict at the end either as part of a panel or alone, and establishes professional associations for them, the College of Public Prosecutors, Aurentine Bar Association and College of Justices.
8b. This bill creates a new qualification, the Postgraduate Legal Diploma, as a base requirement for graduates without a law degree, but otherwise holding an alternative degree from an university, that shall be studied full-time over a year or part-time over two years at a recognised law school.
8c. This bill mandates that the basic qualification to becoming a Prosecutor, Attorney or Judge requires either a Bachelor of Law or a Postgraduate Legal Diploma
8d. The qualification path to becoming a Prosecutor shall include a Public Prosecution Practice Course as a training course to be ran by law schools, with the curriculum being set by the College of Public Prosecutors.
8e: The qualification path to becoming an Attorney shall include an Aurentine Bar Examination as a training course to be ran by law schools, with the curriculum being set by the Aurentine Bar Association.
8f. The qualification path to becoming a Judge shall include a Judicial Professional Training Course as a training course to be ran by law schools, with the curriculum being set by the College of Justices.
8g. An individual may not be appointed to a position defined as a magistrate, such as that of Judge or Prosecutor, due to the political bias of the Senate, the Council of Ministers or the President and instead must go through the standard procedure of qualification.
8h. In recognition of the number of established of Prosecutors, Attorneys and Judges who may have qualified under the British rule of Aurentina, their qualifications shall be recognised as legitimate qualifications to hold their position, or if they can prove that they were employed in that capacity to the Ministry of Justice or their local Administrative Court.
8i. A foreign attorney is permitted to practice law in Aurentina if they have been admitted to the bar in another country, have practiced law in that jurisdiction and can prove that they have a firm understanding of Aurentine law by passing a test that shall be ran by the Aurentine Bar Association.
8j. A private prosecution may be brought on by an Attorney on behalf of the victim, or in the case of a murder, his family or associates, if a Prosecutor believes that there isn't a case, he is granted the right by a Judge to close the case and he does so. The private prosecutor must funded by his or her client and the Prosecutor is required to resubmit the case to the Judge stating that a private prosecutor wishes to bring the case to trial. However, at any point, the Prosecutor may take over the case from the private prosecutor at any point in time and must cover all costs on behalf of the Prosecution Office if he does so, or if a guilty verdict is reached, than the Prosecution Office is required to cover all the costs of the private prosecution.

The Commonwealth Prosecution Service

9a. The Commonwealth Prosecution Service is established to conduct public prosecutions, headed by a Director of Public Prosecutions.
9b. The Commonwealth Prosecution Service shall establish a series of Prosecution Offices headed by a Chief Prosecutor and consisting of a number of subordinate Public Prosecutors and Associate Public Prosecutors. The established jurisdiction of a Prosecution Office shall be based upon population size.
9c. Prosecutors are required to be employed by Prosecution Offices to retain their powers of a Prosecutor and magistrate.
9d. It is the duty of the local constabulary, court, individual or organisation to file a case the Prosecution Office as soon as possible in the jurisdiction an offense was committed. Upon the immediate filing, the Chief Prosecutor is required to assign a Public Prosecutor or Associate Public Prosecutor, or to assign him-or-herself to oversee the investigation of a case and if necessary contact the local police constabulary to conduct the investigation if they are not currently doing so.
9e. A Prosecutor, if he or she is holding public office or is a member of a political party, is not permitted to prosecute administrative or constitutional cases.
9f. The requirement to be a Prosecutor is hereby defined as:

(a) Citizenship of the Commonwealth of Aurentina.
(b) No holding of any other magisterial position.
(c) No membership in the police.
(d) No criminal convictions for a felony or a delict.
(e) No criminal convictions for a contravention in the last 24 months, with the exception of traffic offenses.
(f) No ongoing disability disqualifying the Prosecutor from performing their judicial duties.
(g) The ability to attend their Prosecution Office and Court of First Instance punctually.
(h) An age above 18.

The Courts and Tribunals Service

10a. The Courts and Tribunals Service is established as an agency of the Ministry of Justice responsible for the administration of the courts of Aurentina, headed by the Minister of Justice and the President of the Supreme Court.
10b. The Courts and Tribunals Service shall be responsible for designating the jurisdictions of all courts in Aurentina and for assigning a qualified Judge to preside over the court.
10c. The Courts and Tribunals Service shall be have a board consisting of the Minister of Justice, the President of the Supreme Court, the two Vice Presidents of the Supreme Court and three senior civil servants, who are not permitted to be either be a Magistrate or an Attorney.
10d. Official meetings of the board requires attendance from all members bar the Minister of Justice.
10e. The board is formally required to approve the appointment of Judges to preside over courts, formally set the required number of Judges that a court needs based upon the amount of cases that it receives and taking into account the population size of jurisdiction and to commission civil servants to aid in their performance of this role.
10f. The requirement to be a Judge is hereby defined as:

(a) Citizenship of the Commonwealth of Aurentina.
(b) No holding of any other magisterial position.
(c) No membership in the police.
(d) No membership in a legislative assembly.
(e) No membership in a political party.
(f) Residence in the jurisdiction of the court in which they work.
(g) No criminal convictions for a felony or a delict.
(h) No criminal convictions for a contravention in the last 24 months, with the exception of traffic offenses.
(i) No ongoing disability disqualifying the Judge from performing their judicial duties.
(j) The ability to attend the court punctually.
(k) An age above 18.

Judicial Offenses

11a. Perjury is defined to be a witness giving false information to the court in their testimony which may influence the outcome of the case. It is to be considered a delict.
11b. Contempt of Court is defined to be disobedience of a court order, including Court Summons, conditions of bail and disrupting the proceedings of the court in any other way in order to undermine the administration of justice. Contempt of Court can either be a contravention or a delict; if it was committed during a trial regarding a contravention, it too is a contravention. During any other case, the panel of Judges trialing the case will decide via vote which requires a simple majority on what to class it as. If the result is indecisive, the Prosecutor for the case shall decide.
11c. Perverting the Court of Justice is defined as being fabricating or disposing of evidence or use of threats and/or intimidation against judges, jurors, witnesses or anyone involved in the court proceedings. It is to be considered a delict.
11d. Bribery in a judicial context is defined to be offering money or favours to judges, witnesses or anyone involved in the court proceedings in order to influence the outcome of a trial. It is to be considered a delict.

Regarding Administrative Courts

12a. Establishes a category of administrative court, the Court of Administrative Law as the court of first instance for cases regarding administrative law.
12b. Establishes a category of administrative court, the High Court of Administrative Law as the superior court for cases regarding administrative law.
12c. Recognises the Supreme Court of Aurentina's Administrative Council as the highest authority in case regarding administrative law.

A notice on the usage of British pounds

13a. British pounds have been used, even though the British pound isn't our official currency. Upon the establishment of an official currency, then the value is deemed to be whatever is equivalent to the value of British pounds. However, this act recognises that tying criminal and civil cases to a foreign currency is a bad idea and strongly recommend that upon the establishment of an official currency that the Ministry of Justice creates a committee to set the values. Alternatively, the act establishing our currency could contain a rider regarding the value of cases and penalties, along with anything else in this act which is tied to the British pound.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Senatorial Major Incident Inquest
Urgency: Very High| Drafted by: Great Nepal| Co-sponsors: The IASM, Mishmahig, Gallup, Zeonic States

In light of recent terrorist attacks upon this fair nation, in light of failure to form a inquest to investigate the attack, this senate further determines urgent need to have senatorial inquest into the attack. As such, be it enacted by the powers granted to this senate by the powers given to it by the people of this nation as follows,
Section 1 - Declaration
This senate, hereby declares the recent series attack on the capital to be unforgivable acts of terrorism which cost lives of more than eighteen brave men and women of this nation who sacrificed their lives while service to the state. This senate therefore commends all the victims of most recent terrorist attack in senate as models of civic service in the face of threats and condemns the terrorist attack as cowardly, unforgivable and intolerable offence.

Section 2 - Recommendation
This act, while does not require passing of judicial act, it strongly recommends its passage.

Section 3 - Senatorial Major Incident Inquest
a) This senate, hereby creates Senatorial Major Incident Inquest (henceforth referred to as inquest) as means to carry out investigation on to serious incident, which may be declared by senate provided any one of the following conditions are met:-

- There has been loss of multiple lives in a violent manner caused in same or related incident.
- There has been act of terrorism or threat of thereof as defined by emergency anti-terrorism and anti-treason act, irrelevant of passage of aforementioned act.
- There has been act of treason or threat of thereof as defined by emergency anti-terrorism and anti-treason act, irrelevant of passage of aforementioned act.

b) Inquest shall not have power to make judicial rulings nor shall it interfere with processes of the court.
c) Inquest shall have power to issue subpoena ad testificandum and subpoena duces tecum as it sees fit to assist in its investigation.
d) Failure to comply with either subpoena defined in section 3d shall be considered contempt of judicial process which shall be a felony which will be tried by a judicial court. Contempt of judicial process shall be a crime equivalent to contempt of court.
e) Inquest shall have power to order detainment of any citizen or non-citizen for singular and non-renewable period not exceeding 48 hours for purposes of testifying, should it view individual as holding crucial evidence related to the inquest.
f) To renew the term of detainment as described in section 3e, individual must be presented before a judge with their legal counsel present. The judge must authorise further detainment if he or she sees fit.
g) Inquest shall have authority to find any individual guilty of administrative neglect which shall be administrative offence provided two third of the members of inquest are convinced beyond reasonable doubt as to the guilt of individual.
h) Inquest shall have authority up to and including power to dismiss any individual, with sole exception of senator from position as member of senate, found guilty under section 3g. While it shall not have power to impose criminal sanctions, it may at its discretion refer the matter to criminal court for further sanctions.
i) No sentence passed by the inquest shall not prevent future action by a judicial court.
j) Inquisition shall at end of its term, provide official report in front of open senate with recommendation to prevent similar incidents occurring in future.
k) To exercise any of the powers stated in section 3, there must be three fifth majorities within the inquisition unless stated otherwise.
l) Composition of any inquest shall be such that there shall be one representative from every party with representation in senate with more than five members. In addition to this, there shall be one expert in the major incident as well as three randomly selected members of public who meet following criteria:-
[blocktext]- Over or equal to age of 18.
- Of sound mind.
- Without any criminal record with exception of moving violations.
- Not affiliated with any political party, either official or unofficial.
- Not suspected to be member of any terrorist organisations.

Section 4 - Establishment of Senate Bombing Senatorial Major Incident Inquest
This act establishes Senate Bombing Senatorial Major Incident Inquest with powers and duties as described in section 3 with objective to thoroughly investigate any and all individuals and organisations which are at fault for series of terrorist attacks in the senate including but not limited to series of bombing in senate building along with kidnapping attempts and assassination attempts on senators along with any incidents inquest believes to be related to the series of attack. Their area of jurisdiction shall be universal.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Transportation Ministry Provision Act 2013

Urgency: Moderate

Drafted By: Costa Alegria

Co-Sponsor/s: Maklohi Vai (LD), Lemanrussland (LD), Othelos (PC), TerraPublica (C), The Realm of God (PC), Luziyca (USL)

RECOGNISING: That transport by land, sea and air is vital to the lives of the citizens of our nation and vital to the economy and that the government lacks a specific body to deal with the needs of transport providers as well as enforce transport specific policies and establish regulatory bodies to ensure the safe and efficient operation of different modes of transport.

ENSURING: that both public and private transports will continue to be operated in a safe manner according to regulations established by the government.

HEREBY: mandating that upon the passing of this Act, that the government establish a Ministry of Transport to oversee the enforcement and assist in the creation of laws and regulations pertaining to the operation and infrastructure of transports, both private and public, henceforth.

Article 1: On Ministerial Powers
1a: The Ministry of Transport shall have the ability to create subordinate regulatory agencies to administer and enforce government legislation and regulations that are specific to the operation of transports on land, sea and air at the behest of the Minister.
1b: The Ministry of Transport shall have responsibility of operation for all state investments in business ventures and state-owned enterprises related to transport.
1c: The Ministry of Transport shall administer all government bodies that are not administered by relevant government agencies.
1d: Hereby established a Transport Accident Investigation Agency (TAIA) to investigate all major transport accidents and incidents.
1e: Hereby grants the Ministry powers to establish policies of environmental protection in conjunction with the Minister of the Envrionment.

Article 2: On Road Transport
2a: A Road Transport Agency may be created at the behest of the Minister of Transport to administer and apply regulations specific to roads and other related infrastructure.
2b: Herein creates a Motor Vehicle Registry to document the details of every roadworthy motor vehicle that is registered. Administration shall be vested in a roading agency upon its creation or controlled directly by the Ministry of Transport as outlined in Article 1c.
2c: Herein relegates the regulations and application of them surrounding motor vehicle safety and maintenance standards to the relevant agency unless the conditions stipulated in Article 1c, with penalties for not meeting those standards to be set by the Minister in question.
2d: Herein relegates all road standards to the relevant agency.
2e: Herein relegates all motor vehicle licencing to the relevant agency.
2f: Herein relegates all revenue generated by vehicle licencing and registration fees as well as tolls, user charges and other exices and penalties to be collected by the relevant agency.

Article 3: On Rail Transport
3a: A Rail Transport Agency may be created at the behest of the Minister of Transport.
3b: A state owned enterprise may be created at the behest of the Minister of Transport, with the planning and maintenance of the infrastructure of the railway network to be conducted by said enterprise.
3c: Herein relegates all licencing, leasing and contracting powers pertaining to rail transport to the relevant agency.
3d: Herein relegates all revenue generated to be collected by the relevant agency.
3e: Herein relegates all infrastructure and rail safety standards to be implemented by the relevant agency.

Article 4: On Air Transport
4a: A Civil Aviation Authority may be created at the behest of the Minister of Transport.
4b: Herein creates a Civil Aircraft Registry to document the details of all air worthy aircraft which shall be administered by the relevant agency or directly by the Ministry of Transport as outlined in Article 1c.
4c: Herein relegates the task of establishing aircraft safety and security standards to the relevant agency.
4d: Herein relegates the administration and collection of the licencing of all pilots, aircraft and airports/aerodromes/civilian airfields/heliports to the relevant agency.
4e: Herein relegates the administration and collection of the licencing of all airlines operating domestic and international services to the relevant agency.
4f: Herein relegates the administration of all civilian aircraft control to the relevant agency.

Article 5: On Water Transport
5a: A Maritime Agency may be created at the behest of the Minister of Transport.
5b: Herein relegates the task of establishing stafety and security standards aboard vessels private, commercial and government/military, to the relvant agency.
5d: Herein relegates administration of all ports, canals, navigable rivers, lakes and other internal waterways to the relevant agency.
5e: Herein approves the creation of a coast guard or other such organisation with powers of enforcement of safety and security vessels aboard all vessels within our nation's waters unless an equivalent law enforcement agency exists with the powers to enforce our nation's maritime law prior to the passing of this Act.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

National Census Bureau Establishment Act
Drafted by Gallup and Lemanrussland
Sponsored by Gallup, Lemanrussland, Othelos, Soviet Canuckistan and Yanalia

RECOGNIZING that this nation has no agency for the collection of economic and demographic statistics,

UNDERSTANDING that accurate statistical information about employment, demographics, income, education and other factors is a vital tool in the sound and rational exercise of public policy,

The Senate hereby establishes the National Census Bureau (hereby abbreviated as the NCB), subordinate to the Ministry of Treasury and Finance, with the duty of collecting statisical information on behalf of the Senate and other government agencies.

The Senate hereby grants the following powers to the NCB:

I. The NCB shall, in the year 2013 and every 10 years thereafter, take a decennial census of the entire national population, by distributing surveys via mail and conducting surveys out of regional Census offices. After completion of the decennial census, the NCB shall report it's findings to the Senate.

II. The NCB shall also conduct smaller statistical surveys at the request of the Senate and other government agencies, on topics such as crime, employment, health, consumer expenditures, housing, income, and other topics, by distributing surveys via mail and conducting surveys out of regional Census offices.

III. Failure to respond to a NCB survey is hereby declared illegal. Citizens who fail to respond or knowingly submit false information in response to an NCB survey shall be fined no more than 5,000 NSC.

IV. All personal information related to individuals or establishments shall remain confidential, and must only be presented in aggregate. All Census employees must sign a sworn affidavit of non-disclosure of this information prior to employment. An employee of the NCB who discloses this information shall be fined 5,000 NSC or imprisoned 5 years, or both, for the first offence. An additional 1,000 NSC shall be fined or an additional 1 year shall be added for each new violation.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

The Commerce Ministry Act

Drafted by: Quirina
Co-drafted by: Nationalist Eminral Republic, New Israelia, Regnum Dominae, Geilinor, Mishmahig, The Zeonic States, Evraim, Glasgia, Fulflood, Yanalia
Sponsored by: Geadland

The Senate of the Commonwealth of Aurentina;

WHEREAS, businesses have their own rules and regulations and remains uncontrolled by the NSG Government.

WHEREAS, there is no existing government agency to protect the boundary between businesses and government institutions.

OBSERVING that there are less or no regulations of the government concerning the rights and welfare of business institutions.

REALIZING that businesses must not be overrun nor be accounted as one of the agencies of the government.

PROPOSES that this new Ministry shall be called the "Ministry of Commerce".

MANDATES that this Ministry must be created to solidify the aim in placing boundaries and bridges between businesses and the government.

MANDATES that this Ministry shall be the open ground between the two aforementioned institutions.

MANDATES that this Ministry shall forward the rights and welfare of both the workers and employees, the businesses and the government.

MANDATES that the Ministry will work under the following responsibilities:
1.) The welfare and protection of the consumers
2.) The quality of the products being manufactured by the businesses for the consumers
3.) The welfare and rights of the workers and employees for the businesses' sufficient manpower
4.) The cultural and social barrier between the businesses and the government
5.) The gate-keeping of the Ministry in its inert aim to separate the businesses and the government in the state's political affairs
6.) The cooperation between the businesses and the Government through the Ministry of Commerce.
7.) The assurance of the Ministry that such responsibilities are done efficiently and effectively to avoid future problems such as corporatocracies, privatization and business-government rivalries.

MANDATES that the Ministry shall uphold impartial and unbiased service for the NSG in order for the responsibilities to be done in its maximum extent of effectivity.

MANDATES that the Ministry shall spearhead all economic activities by encouraging friendly foreign nations and states to initiate trade and communication with us and helping to facilitate investment in the country.

GRANTING that the workers' rights must be also upheld by the Ministry with importance and concern through the following privileges and bounds:
1.) Workers shall be given minimum wage per hour they work. Minimum wage for both private and public sector workers will be $15/hr.
2.) Overtime pay shall be paid as well.
3.) Workers may have a maximum workload of 8 hours a day, 5 days a week of work (for full-time workers) unless the employee agrees to have an extra/overtime.
4.) Workers shall be guaranteed 2 weeks of paid vacation
5.) Employers are responsible for the safety and security of the workplace.
6.) All government benefits established at the time being this Act is passed shall be granted to the workers' side of compensation. And these include health discounts, insurances, loan programs and the like.
7.) Worker unions, associations, and cooperatives are freely to be formed/established. However, businesses can also be free to recognize or deny recognition of such groups, depending on the working environment of the establishment, but shall have no right to deny their workers of their duly given rights.

PROHIBITS the businesses to influence government decision-making processes and related affairs of the State.

ESTABLISHES the Ministry of Commerce to be in charge of checking the bounds between businesses and the State, the freedom of the free market from government involvement and control, the assurance and feasibility of service for the rights and welfare of the workers and the efficiency of economic improvement through the Ministry of Commerce.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Limiting Legislation Act
Urgency: Utmost

Drafted By: The Treorai
Sponsor(s): Hathradic States, Beta Test.

BELIEVING That in a democratic society, Basic Human Rights should be defended,

APPALLED At the fact that some politicians would seek to violate the basic human rights of the citizens of our nation,

DEFINES A "Citizen" as any registered member of our nation.

FURTHER DEFINES Basic Human Rights As;

(1) The right for all born humans to live,

(2) The right to free speech,

(3) The right to free thought,

(4) The right to actively participate in government

(5) The right to free expression,

(6) Freedom of and from Religion,

(7) The right to own, trade, and produce firearms and ammunition, as well as use them in situations deemed as necessary self defense, in recreational practice against inanimate objects, and when hunting wild animals for game, food or sport,
(a) Allows this senate to place reasonable restrictions on firearms


(8) The right to a fair and balanced trial,

(9) The right to a paid or court appointed attorney in the court of law,

(11) No one can be deprived of property, unless demanded by public necessity, legally constituted, and under the condition of a just and prior compensation,

(12) Freedom from unjustified search and seizure of private property,

FURTHER BELIEVES That the Senate has no place violating these aforementioned rights of our citizens,

PREVENTS Legislation changing, suppressing, or otherwise tampering with these human rights,
DENIES Rights (4) and (7) to those who have been previously incarcerated,

DICTATES No Person is above the law, and all people must adhere to it,

FURTHER DICTATES Speech and Written Material harmful in nature are not protected by this act,

ALSO DEFINES "Harmful in nature" as slander, personal information not belonging to they who utter the information, sensitive information, open threats against another person, and threats of open rebellion, or terrorism against our nation.

ALSO DICTATES This act does not protect those using other people's work without permission of the owner,

BANS Slavery, and other forms of non-paid labor, such as Child Labor, and the owning of human beings,

ESTABLISHES This as the official Bill of Rights of our Nation.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

Secular State Act

Urgency: Significant
Author: Osea 767 (C)
Sponsors: Greater Pokarnia (C), Maklohi Vai (LD), United Provinces of Atlantica (C), Yanalia (RG), Regnum Dominae (LFP), Unicario (NIFP), Bleckonia (NCP), Belmaria (LFP), Byzantium Imperial (NIFP), Potenco (PC), Grenartia (TR), Lemanrussland (LD), Great Nepal (CFE), Vedastia (LFP), Glasgia (LD), Divair (CSP), The New Sea Territory (GG), New Bierstaat (Independent)

Recognizing that, if the state is to serve all the people of our nation equally, it cannot allow itself to support any religion or religious stance,

Declaring that we must therefore enact laws that will secure the position of our nation as a secular state,

The senate hereby ratifies the the following as law:

• The Senate will be prohibited from enacting any law or legislation that is biased either for or against any religion or religious stance or derives arguments for its enactment from religious texts or edicts.
• The Senate will be prohibited from enacting any law or legislation that aims to promote any religion or religious stance.
• The State will be forbidden from enacting employment policies that are biased either for or against any religious group or religious stance.
• The State will be forbidden from enacting policies in the field of education that promote the views of religious organisations.
• The State can never grant any special status to any religion or religious organisation, such as recognition of a particular religion as an official religion. It will also be forbidden from using the funds of the state to provide financial assistance or subsidies to any religious organisation.

[NSG Senate Administrators]

International Law Act
Author: Ainin [TR] | Urgency: High
Sponsors:
Divair [CSP], Wolfmanne [PC], Yanalia [RG], Great Nepal [CFE], The Orson Empire [C], Regnum Dominae [LFP], Byzantium Imperial [CMP], Geilinor [LD], United Provinces of Atlantica [C], Corinthina [LD], United Soviet Jason Republic [LFP], Belmaria [LFP], The Zeonic States [NIFP], FreeSoc [C], Arglorand [CSP], Agritum [CSP], Mollary [RG], Acro [LD], Vistulange [CSP], Britcan [NSP]

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The Senate of Aurentina,

Acknowledging that every human in the world deserves equal rights,

Noting the Commonwealth is not yet party to several conventions that are the basis of international law,

Hereby Ratifies

• All Four Articles of the Geneva Conventions
• The Rome Statute
• The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
• The Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
• The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
• The Convention on the Rights of the Child
• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
• The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance

And Hereby Supports

• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• The Montreal Declaration on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Human Rights

[NSG Senate Administrators]

The Criminal Code of the Aurentine Commonwealth
| Author: Kouralia |
Sponsors: Malgrave, Nihilistic View, Seelelander, Phing Phong, Oneracon, New Zephua
| Urgency: Unimaginably |

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A - Terminology:

• 'Person X', 'The Perpetrator', 'X' or 'Indvidual X' refers to the individual in an example who commits the crime.
• 'Person Y', 'The Victim', 'Individual Y' or 'Y' refers to the individual in an example who is wronged.
• 'Constable Z', or 'Z' refers to any Law Enforcement Personnel in an example.

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B - Altercations and Crime:

i Assault: An assault is the unnecessary and unlawful employment or threat of employment of physical force against another individual, whether intended to result in injury or not. It is a Delict.
ii Battery: A Battery is the unnecessary and unlawful employment of physical force against another individual resulting in or intended to result in injury, whether with or without a weapon. It is a Delict.
iii Incitement of Violence: Incitement of Violence is when Person X encourages (with intent) an additional party to employ unlawful physical force against Person Y. It is a Contravention.
iv Affray: Affray is whereby two Persons X engage in unlawful fighting. It is a Contravention.
v Harassment: Harassment is continued use of any action against Person Y by Person X which causes a state of fear or unease. It is a Contravention.
vi Reckless Endangerment: Reckless Endangerment is determined as any action taken or behavior adopted without regard to the impact of one's actions on others, which could cause immediate and pressing concern for individual or public safety. This includes non-road-worthy vehicles and lack of appropriate fire-arms safety. It is a Delict.
vii Kidnapping: Kidnapping is determined to be extricating a person from a situation or location without their consent. It is a Delict.
iix Unlawful Imprisonment: Unlawful Imprisonment is determined to be keeping a person in a location against their will. It is a delict.

C - Loss of Property:

i Theft: Theft is determined as the unlawful and non-consensual acquisition of property through means other than guile. It is a Delict.
ii Fraud: Fraud is determined as the unlawful acquisition of property, capital, or favors, which would otherwise be non-consensual, through the use of guile. It is a Delict.
iii Vandalism: Vandalism is determined as the wanton destruction or defacing of another individual's or a state's property. It is a Delict.
iv Arson: Arson is determined as the deliberate or wrongful igniting of a fire which endangers or destroys property, life, or well-being, either of an individual or the state. It is a Delict, and must be combined with Vandalism, Assault, Murder, Manslaughter or Attempted thereof if that crime occurs in the process of Arsoning.
v Breaking and Entering: Is determined to be making entrance into a property through force when said entrance does not have the consent of the owner. It is a Contravention.

D - Breach of The Peace:

A Breach of the Peace is defined as a situation whereby conduct severe enough to cause alarm to ordinary people and threaten serious disturbance to the community occurs. It is not an offence in and of itself, however a Constable may remove an individual (and arrest them for resisting such removal) from a situation if their presence is likely to cause a Breach of The Peace. A Breach of the Peace Offence includes the following:
i Unlawful Assembly: Unlawful Assembly is where a group of people remain undispersed after Constable Z issues an order for their Assembly to disperse. It is a Contravention.
ii Rioting: Rioting is where an undispersed crowd (post order to disperse in accordance with Ci) is engaged in other illegal activities, including Theft, Vandalism, Rioting, Resisting Arrest, Murder, Affray, Assault etc. It is a Delict.
iv Disorderly Conduct: Disorderly Conduct consists of actions liable to cause a Breach of The Peace while not in an unlawful assembly. It is a Contravention.

E - Loss of Life:

i Murder in the First Degree: Murder in the First Degree is determined to be the premeditated killing of Person Y by Person X. It is a Felony.
ii Murder in the Second Degree: Murder in the Seond Degree is determined to be the implusive, intentional but not premeditated killing of Person Y by Person X. It is a Felony.
iii Manslaughter: Manslaughter is determined as the unintentional killing of Person Y by Person X. It is a Delict.
iv Death by Dangerous Driving: Death by Dangerous Driving is determined as Manslaughter committed through the medium of a controlled vehicle - where the fault of the incident lies with the driver. It is a Delict which mandates additional punishment with regard to license to own and/or operate said form of vehicle.
v Death by Gross Negligence: Death by Gross Negligence is determined to be one where by the Manslaughter was avoidable if Person X had performed any check or action mandated by Implicit or Explicit rules. It is a Delict which may mandate an additional punishment with regard to confiscation of materials.
vi Criminal Neglect: Is determined as the abandonment of an individual under the age of seventeen or a dependent, whether temporary of conclusive, which endangers the physical, mental, or emotional well-being of the minor or dependent in question. It is a Contravention, however may be applied on top of Death by Gross Negligence.

F - Sex Offences:

i Sexual Harassment: Sexual Harassment is determined by repeated unsolicited communication (through paralinguistic actions, verbal, typed, written, electronic or other such means) of a sexual nature which causes Person Y to enter a state of discomfort. It is a Contravention.
ii Sexual Assault: Sexual Assault is determined by any unsolicited action of a sexual nature involving contact which causes Person Y to enter a state of discomfort, or any action of a sexual nature (including sexual harassment) which reasonably causes a state of fear in person Y. It is a Delict.
iii Rape: Rape is determined as non-consensual intercourse between Persons X and Y. It is a Felony.
iv Statutory Rape: Statutory Rape is determined as intercourse between Person X and an under age Person Y. It is a Delict, however in instances where the age between the partners is two years or under and consent can be demonstrated suitably then the judge may at his/her discretion waive any punishment.
v Sexual Offences toward a Minor: Sexual Offences toward a Minor is determined as Rape, Sexual Assault or Sexual Harassment toward an individual under the age of consent and mandates a more serious Punishment than the equivalent offence against an individual over the age of consent.
vi Possession of Child Pornography: PoCP is determined as knowingly holding or possessing pornographic materials, defined as any images designed to incite sexual arousal, which portray or depict at least one or more real individuals under the age of consent and holding them with intent. It is a Delict.
vii Production of Child Pornography: PoCP is determined to be involvement in the production of, distribution of or filming of pornographic materials showing a real underage child. It is a Felony.

F - Offences Relating to Law Enforcement:

i Resisting Arrest: Resisting Arrest is defined as acting in a manner whereby Person X intends to escape from or combat Constable Z in the act of lawfully arresting Person X. It is a Contravention, on top of any other offence.
ii Impeding the Duties of a Public Officer: IDPO is determined to be any act (whether or not it involves assault on Constable Z or not) whereby any third party attempts to impede a Police Officer in the lawful discharge of his or her duties. It is a Contravention, and is on top of any other offence.
iii Wasting Police Time: Wasting Police Time is determined to be any action whereby a crime is falsely reported to a degree that it affects the Constabulary's ability to deal with other crime. It is a Contravention.
iv Giving False Evidence: Giving False Evidence (whether it leads to a wrongful conviction or not) is determined to be the act of knowingly falsely testifying verbally or in a written/electronic manner, or providing falsified evidence. It is a Delict.
v Impersonation of a Police Officer: IPO involves any action, dress or communication whereby an individual intends to appear as an officer of the law to a degree that members of the public can be reasonably expected to derive confusion. This is a Contravention even if the intent was not to exploit the situation.
vi Concealment of Crime: CoC is determined to be knowing of a crime, and not reporting it to the police. It is a Contravention, but may be taken as Complicity in the Crime.

G - Communication and Membership Offences:

i Slander: Slander is determined as spoken untruthful and malicious defamation of character with intent to affect their social standing or to create a measurable negative impact on their life. It is a Contravention.
ii Libel: Libel is determined as written untruthful and malicious defamation of character with intent to affect their social standing or to create a measurable negative impact on their life. It is a Contravention.
iii Blackmail: Blackmail is determined by using information about Person Y to force Person Y's hand in an action. It is Contravention, but can be added on to Concealment of a Crime.
iv Language Liable to Cause Affray: LLCA is determined to be employment of Taboo Lexis, or Lexis intended to cause offence in another individual to the degree where it a) causes discomfort in the listener, b) can be qualified as 'sustained verbal abuse', and c) transcends a point in time where Person Y requested it to stop. It is a Contravention.
v Membership of an Illegal Organisation: MIO is determined to be identifying as a member of an organisation which is illegal. It may result in complicity with any action that organisation commits depending on the context of 'membership'. This may not even be with regard to the normal definition of Complicity. It is a delict, and Complicity in... may arrive on top.

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H - Additional Notes:

Complicity in... refers to knowledge of a crime prior to it being committed, and not taking action to prevent it. It carries the same punishment as the crime, but cannot be a Felony.
Assisted... refers to taking action to aid committing a crime. It carries the same punishment as the crime.
Attempted... refers to taking actions to perpetrate a crime, but not completing the act for external reasons. It carries the same punishment as the crime.
Intent to... refers to taking actions to perpetrate a crime, but not initiating the act for external reasons. It carries the same punishment as the crime, but cannot be a Felony.

If someone does not have the means to pay a fine, they cannot be handed it.

The Above are hereby determined to be Crimes: thus arrests may be made for, charges may be brought for and a trial may follow on from committing them.