SDI Underwater Systems Catalog [DO NOT POST]

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H8s Dragonfish

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General Characteristics:
Type:

Heavyweight Torpedo

Launch

Impulse or swim-out capable

Guidance:

fiber-optic wire, terminal active/passive sonar

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Physical Characteristics:
Weight:

3,700 kg

Length:

8.0 m

Diameter:

600 mm

Warhead:

500 kg high explosive

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Performance Characteristics:
Propulsion:

Closed-cycle HYDROX with pumpjet

Propellant:

Aluminum fuel, lithium perchlorate fuel cell

Operational depth:

10 m to 1,000 m

Speed:

90 knots

Range:

50 km @ 90 knots, 100 km @ 60 knots

Overview:

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The H8s Dragonfish is a modern heavyweight torpedo designed by SDI Underwater Systems specifically to engage and destroy high-speed, deep diving submarines and to engage and cripple or destroy large warships at standoff ranges in both deep-water and littoral environments.

Design and construction

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The Dragonfish torpedo consists of five sectionss including an acoustic seeker section containing the torpedo's acoustic seeker, warhead/exercise section which contains either the torpedo's warhead or an exercise head, control section containing the torpedo's mission computers and inertial navigation system, engine section which contains the torpedo's closed cycle HYDROX engine, aft body and tailcone section, propulsor section which contains the torpedo's pumpjet propulsor and control fins with their electro-hydraulic servo actuators, and the torpedo mounted dispenser (TMD) section containing a spool of fiber-optic guidance wire. The torpedo's body consists of a forged pressure vessel made from a matrix composite consisting of transversely wound silicon carbide fibers in an 7079 aluminum alloy matrix is designed to allow torpedo operation at depths of up to 1,000 meters.

Propulsion

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To achieve its extreme speed and range performance the Dragonfish features a novel closed cycle HYDROX (Hydrogen-Oxygen) propulsion system which combines a wakeless run with extremely high power density and depth-independent performance. The HYDROX system produces gaseous oxygen from liquid lithium perchlorate and hydrogen from the reaction of water and aluminum powder which are then burned in a combustion chamber to produce extremely high temperature steam for a closed Rankine-cycle engine. The components of the HYDROX engine include a water-aluminum vortex combustor, hydrogen-oyxgen combustor, turbine/gearbox assembly, recuperator, feedwater pump, and skin condenser. The HYDROX engine uses micro-sized aluminum powder for fuel which is mixed with a polyacrylamide gelling agent where it is suspended in hydrogen gas and injected into the vortex combustor using a fluidized bed fuel seeder where the fuel reacts with the steam in the vortex combustor to form a swirling flow of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), hydrogen gas (H2), and steam at a temperature of 930°C. Additional steam is produced by injecting water around the heated internal circumference of the vortex combustor which also serves to solidify the molten aluminum before it's able to stick to the walls of the combustor. After exiting the combustor most of the flow is passed through a cyclonic separator which removes the aluminum oxide before the steam and hydrogen flow is injected into a combustion chamber where it is burned with oxygen gas generated by the thermal decomposition of lithium perchlorate, producing extremely high temperature (>1,400°C) steam which is used to drive a high speed single-stage impulse turbine which is used to drive a 5,800 PS (4,270 kw) ducted pumpjet propulsor at the rear of the torpedo through a low self-noise planetary gearbox. A small portion of the steam and hydrogen flow from the vortex combustor is not injected into the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber but is instead diverted through a splitter system into a recirculation loop where it is cooled by seawater to 480°C before being recirculated back into the vortex combustor to sustain the reaction inside the vortex combustion chamber. The turbine blades and the walls of the combustion chamber are evaporatively cooled by injecting lower temperature steam from the vortex combustor steam recirculation loop through the turbine blades and combustion chamber walls to create a cool boundary layer which shields those components from the extreme heat of the hydrogen-oxygen reaction. The flow exiting the turbine is first passed through a recuperator which pre-heats the feedwater entering the vortex combustor. The steam is then condensed back into water using a seawater cooled skin condenser consisting of helical flow passages machined into the torpedo pressure hull forging where a feedwater pump driven directly by the main turbine shaft is used to pump the water back into the vortex combustor. The remaining hydrogen gas is also separated from the condensed water, compressed using a compressor driven by the main turbine shaft, and used to to seed the aluminum fuel being injected into the combustor. The HYDROX system can be refueled by replacing the aluminum fuel injectors and lithium perchlorate fuel cell which allows the torpedo to be used for multiple exercise runs without replacement of the propulsion system.

Guidance:

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The guidance system of the Dragonfish consists of active and passive homing acoustic head for terminal homing along with a fiber-optic wire guidance system for midcourse guidance. After launch the Dragonfish is initially guided by a 300 micrometer thick high tensile strength, ultra-high bandwith fiber-optic cable which spools out from a reel located at the base end of the torpedo with around 50 kilometers of cable and another reel located inside the firing tube which contains an additional 0 kilometers of cable, the cables from the two reels being joined with a connector. The cable consists of a bend-insensitive ITU-T G.657 monomodal optical fiber with a 0.25 dB/km attenuation factor covered with two protective acrylic layers, a polyamide outer sheath, and a reinforcing layer consisting of longitudinally wound aramid and carbon fiber yard which is designed to allow the cable to match Dragonfish’s maneuver and speed envelope without breaking. The fiber-optic cable is connected to the submarine's fire control computer and is used to provide accurate mid-course guidance updates using the submarines own sonar system to detect and track targets. Magnetic markers are placed every 100 meters along the cable which the Dragonfish can detect using an electromagnetic induction sensor at the base of the propulsor unit which allows the distance between the torpedo and and the launcher to be accurately determined and the inertial guidance system of the torpedo periodically corrected.

For terminal guidance the Dragonfish utilizes a SDI Underwater Systems phased array acoustic seeker capable of both passive and active homing. The acoustic seeker is contained inside a fiberglass homing head shell with a hydrodynamic optimized parabolic shape to reduce torpedo self-noise and cavitation. The homing head contains a conformal transducer array with 440 transducer elements connected to a digital beamformer which allows sonar beams to be steered +/-120° horizontally and +/-25° vertically. The homing head shell and acoustic array are structurally decoupled from the body of the torpedo in order to reduce vibration transmission to the homing head. The seeker can operate in either a 10 kHz medium frequency (MF) passive-only mode, a 30kHz high frequency (HF) active and passive mode with the 10 kHz MF mode providing long range search and acquisition and the 30 kHz HF mode providing high resolution short range target discrimination and tracking. With the ability to simultaneously operate in both frequencies the torpedo can also affectively discriminate between signals from the actual target and signals from acoustic jammers and acoustic countermeasure decoys. The seeker can also operate in a wake homing mode by pitching up sonar beams to detect and home in on the wakes of surface ships, the wide field-of-view of the array meaning that the weapon can detect and track both wakes of a ship at once and thus home straight in on the target without having to waste energy zig-zagging in-between them like a traditional wake-homing torpedo. The individual transducer elements that comprise the array use SDI's proprietary piezolectric single crystal composite (SCC) architecture which consists of lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate solid solution (PMN-PT) single crystal piezoelectric rods embedded into an active polymer matrix to form a flexible 3-dimensional composite. The SCSS architecture combines the extremely high piezoelectric and dielectric performance of single-crystal transducers with the water-like acoustic impedance, broader bandwidth, and flexibility of piezoelectric polymers. To shield the transducer elements from vibrations each transducer element is self-contained within an individual vibration isolation module machined from a block of beryllium-copper alloy which is designed to isolate the transducer element from 99.5% or more of external vibrations. The acoustic seeker is connected to a digital signal and data processor cluster which employs space-time adaptive processing (STAP), constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) detection, DEMON analysis, elongation analysis, spatial coherence analysis, echo angular coherence analysis, and replica correlation signal processing techniques in order to accurately detect and classify targets. When used in active mode the STAP algorithm enables fully adaptive beamforming capability and allows the array to create a virtual 3-dimensional image of detected objects in order to accurately separate targets from decoys and from clutter present in littoral waters while also minimizing sidelobes, enabling the directional nullification of interfering acoustic jammers, and allowing adaptive angle estimation to more accurately determine target depth, bearing and speed. The passive mode of the seeker employs DEMON (Detection Envelope Modulation On Noise) analysis which determines the propeller characteristics of the target including the number of shafts, shaft rotation frequency, and blade rate of the target which are then matched against a library of target signature characteristics in order to accurately identify individual target submarines and warships.

Located in the midsection of the torpedo is the control & guidance electronics section which contains four SDI SPPC9D single-board tactical computers which run the seeker signal and data processing software, mission software, and the torpedo guidance laws. The SDI SPPC9D single-board computer, a ruggedized, shock hardened computer which employs POWER9 architecture with a cluster of four conduction-cooled 4.0 gHz quad-core superscalar symmetric multiprocessors and 64 megabytes of DDR5 magnetoresistive random access memory MRAM. A control sensors unit in the control & guidance electronics section includes an SDI TNS 200 fiber-optic gyro inertial measurement unit and provides speed, course and depth measurements to the tactical computer cluster. The SDI TNS 200 fiber-optic gyro inertial measurement unit (IMU) inputs 6-axis guidance and control information to the tactical computer cluster and consists of a strapdown unit with 3 fiber-optic gyros and 3 MEMS quartz accelerometers with <0.1°/hr bias and <0.008°/√hr random angle walk.

. During a typical engagement a fire control operator on the launch platform will specify the the target type (surface ship or submarine), the course and depth of the torpedo after launch, the range at which the torpedo will begin its target search, the size and shape of the target search volume (a three-dimensional cube of water space where the target is expected to be inside). After being launched the Dragonfish will then run out at high speeds using fiber-optic wire guidance to the predetermined search volume. While running on fiber-optic guidance the fire control operator can change the target type, change the size and location of the search volume, and manually steer or aim the torpedo. Should the fiber-optic guidance wire break the Dragonfish will follow its last received command and use its inertial navigation system to maneuver to the target area and being its search. When the Dragonfish reaches the search volume the Dragonfish will arm its warhead, lower its speed to reduce radiated self-noise, and then enter a pre-set search pattern and attempt to detect the target using a passive acoustic search. During the run to the search volume the acoustic homing head will measure ambient background noise in order to tune the sonar for the target environment and calculate how strong it can transmit its high-frequency active sonar without reverb, distortion, or saturating detections caused by background noise and echos. Once the target has been detected the Dragonfish will accelerate to sprint speed and uses its active sonar to classify and home in on the target, either attempting to impact the target or pass under it where the warhead will then be detonated by a contact or influence fuze. Should Dragonfish fail to engage the target on its first attack run the weapon will automatically select an appropriate re-attack mode and re-engage the target. Should the Dragonfish leave the search volume it will de-arm its warhead and shut off its engine.

Warhead & Fuzing:

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The warhead of the Dragonfish torpedo is located just aft of the seeker subsection and consists of an aluminum metal matrix composite forging divided into three compartments including a chamber for the explosive, an impact fuse compartment, and a central tunnel for passing the electric cables between the acoustic homing head and the other torpedo sections. The warhead contains contains 500 kilograms of high density polymer-bonded explosive consisting of 20% HNIW (Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane) explosive, 50% Ammonium perchlorate (AP) oxidizer, 25% aluminum fuel, and 12% HTPB binder. The warhead has an underwater blast power equivalent to over 1,000 kg of TNT and is activated either by a contact fuze when uses against submarines or by a combined magnetic and hydroacoustic influence fuze when used against surface ships.

[The Technocratic Syndicalists]

AM88 Stargazer

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General Characteristics:
Type:

Multi-influence sea mine

Delivery platform:

Submarine, aircraft, surface ship

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Physical Characteristics:
Weight:

1050 kg

Length:

2.6 m

Diameter:

600 mm

Warhead:

800 kg Explosive fill

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Performance Characteristics:
Operational depth:

5 m to 300 m

Operation life:

700 days

Overview:

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The AM88 Stargazer is multi-influence cylindrical bottom mine developed by SDI Naval Systems intended to threaten warships, merchant ships, and modern deep-diving stealthy submarines. deployable by submarines, surface ships, and aircraft. The Stargazer consists of a cylindrical fiberglass reinforced epoxy casing, modular warhead section, fuzing and arming section, and a detachable multi-influence target detection device a combination of acoustic, seismic, magnetic, pressure, and Underwater Electric Potential (UEP)/Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic (ELFE) sensors and a fuzzy-logic microprocessor based computerized exploder designed to accurately detect, classify, and engage potential targets whilst also being highly resistant to modern anti-mine countermeasures and jamming systems. The Stargazer can be deployed by submarines, surface vessels, or aircraft and features an external diameter compatible with modern 60 cm torpedo tubes while also including two removal suspension lugs to facilitate handling operations along with an optional aerodynamic nose fairing, tail-fin kit, parachute and arming lanyards for delivery from aircraft. The Stargazer comes in four versions; the combat mine with a live warhead, a training mine which features an inert warhead an acoustic telemetry link, a dummy version identical in shape and weight to the live mine intended for captive carry an handling training, and a cutaway drill version intended to teach operators the details of the mine's operation including fuze programming and target detection device functions.

Target Detection Device:

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The Target Detection Device (TDD) of the Stargazer contains six separate influence systems; acoustic hydrophones (low, mid, and high frequency bands) intended to detect sonar, engine, and propeller noises, tri-axial (low, mid, and high frequency) magnetic sensors, Underwater Electric Potential (UEP)/Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic (ELFE) sensors which can detect corrosion currents in the ship or submarine hull and from their propellers, water pressure sensor, seismic pressure sensor, and a 6-color hyperspectral optical imager which can identify ships and submarines in clear, shallower water. The Stargazer's computerized exploder uses a fuzzy-logic based digital signal processing system which organically processes returns from all 6 influence systems and determines whether or not the target is legitimate ship or submarine, whether the target's characteristics fall within the mine's pre-programmed engagement parameters, and whether the target is within the lethal blast radius of the mine's warhead. The mine will only detonate it all three criteria have been met and can be pre-programmed through a portable presetting kit with various target parameters and signal strength thresholds allowing the mine to distinguish and selectively engage certain threats and can also be configured with an arming delay and a ship-counter that will only detonate the mine after it has detected a certain pre-set number of valid targets. The presetting kit can also configure the self-sterilization feature of the mine which cause it to auto-deactivate and wipe its onboard software after a certain time-delay following the arming of the mine.

Warhead:

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The Stargazer contains a warhead filled with 800 kilograms of cast-cured polymer bonded explosive (PBX) consisting of 20% RDX, 43% AP, 25% aluminum powder, and 12% ​HTPB/IPDI based polyurethane binder. Connected to the mine's computerized exploder the Stargazer's warhead also contains a remote self-destruction system triggered by a bi-directional acoustic datalink and an anti-handling device which will detonate the mine if it is overturned or otherwise disturbed.

[The Technocratic Syndicalists]

AM70 Seastrike

General Characteristics:

• Type: Moored rocket ascent mine
• Weight: 1050 kg
• Length: 3.6 m
• Diameter: 600 mm
• Warhead: 250 kg explosive fill
• Propulsion: Solid-fuel rocket
• Influences: reliable acoustic path (RAP) propagation

Performance:

• Maximum depth: 600m
• Speed: 80 m/s
• Effective firing range:1,600 m

Overview:

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The AM70 Seastrike is a rocket powered moored mine intended to engage both submarines and surface vessels. Capable of being deployed by aircraft, surface ships, or submarines the Seastrike consists of an acoustically guided, rocket powered warhead encased in an aluminum capsule with an anchor that attaches to the seafloor. The mine then deploys three small robotic "swimmers" each carrying two towed acoustic sensors connected through a fiber-optic cable to swimmer and to the mine body. When the mine's distrusted acoustic target detection system identifies a threat ship or submarine and determines its heading and running depth it computes an optimal target intercept trajectory and generates a command to launch the warhead. After being ejected from the capsule the solid-fuel rocket motor is then fired and an inertial guidance unit steers the warhead to the predicted intercept point before a hydrostatic, magnetic or contact fuze triggers warhead detonation. The Seastrike's deep operational depth, wide target engagement area, and very short time of attack (<20 seconds) are intended to deprive the target of the opportunity to perform evasive maneuvers or to deploy countermeasures, significantly improving the kill probability of the system.

Target Detection Device:

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The Target Detection Device (TDD) of the Seastrike consists of three small robotic swimmer vehicles which are deployed from the main body and each swim outwards from the mine towing a series of three acoustic sensor arrays which are connected to the swimmer body and to the mine through a fiber-optic cable. Each acoustic array is basically an active direction finding sonobuoy and can be pre-programmed to hover at a depth +/- 100 meters from the depth of the the encapsulated mine. Each array consists of a reliable acoustic path (RAP) propagation based low-frequency active search sensor designed to detect and locate both surface and subsurface threats at ranges of several dozen nautical miles. The RAP sensor uses low-frequency, high-power transmitted pulse and hydrophone receiving array which provides both range and bearing to the target. Both the swimmers and acoustic arrays are powered by a seawater activated lithium battery which provides an underwater life of around 2 years.

Warhead:

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The rocket-powered warhead of the Seastrike is guided inertially towards its target and contains approximately 250 kilograms of cast-cured polymer bonded explosive (PBX) consisting of 20% RDX, 43% AP, 25% aluminum powder, and 12% ​HTPB/IPDI based polyurethane binder. The warhead is either activated by a contact fuze against submarine targets or by a combined magnetic/hydroacoustic fuze when attacking surface vessels which us designed to cause the warhead to explode underneath the vessel's keel, maximizing damage.

[The Technocratic Syndicalists]

F3S Viperfish

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General Characteristics:
Type:

Lightweight anti-submarine torpedo

Launch platform:

Surface vessel torpedo tube, ASW aircraft

Guidance:

LPI/LPD passive/active sonar, fiber optic wire

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Physical Characteristics:
Weight:

450 kg

Length:

2.85 m

Diameter:

400 mm

Warhead:

60 kg shaped charge

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Performance Characteristics:
Propulsion:

Advanced stored chemical energy propulsion system (ADSCEPS) pump-jet

Propellant:

Sulfur hexafluoride oxidizer, solid lithium fuel

Operational depth:

3 m to 1,500 m

Speed:

60 knots

Range:

15 km @ 60 knots, 25 km @ 40 knots

Overview:

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The F3S Viperfish is a modern lightweight torpedo designed by SDI Underwater Systems specifically to engage and destroy high-speed, deep diving submarines. The Viperfish features a combined active and passive sonar seeker, a closed cycle propulsion system with depth independent performance, a shaped charge warhead, and can be deployed from surface vessels, submarines, continental shelf mines, anti-submarine missiles, helicopters and fixed wing aircraft.

Propulsion

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The Viperfish is powered by an advanced stored chemical energy propulsion system (ADSCEPS), a closed cycle propulsion system which employs a Rankine steam cycle with a closed volume heat source driven by the chemical reaction of lithium metal with sulfur hexaflouride (SF6) gas. The components of the ADSCEPS engine include the boiler-reactor, turbine/gearbox assembly, recuperator, feedwater pump, and skin condenser. The boiler-reactor acts as a combination fuel storage tank, heat exchanger, and combustion chamber and consists of two concentric tubing coils with an annular space between which acts as the lithium fuel storage space and as the combustion chamber. The Lithium metal fuel is melted by embedded thermite start grains where gaseous SF6 oxidizer stored inside a tank ahead of the boiler-reactor is then injected into the molten fuel through submerged nozzle injectors embedded inside the endplates of the boiler reactor. Heat from the reaction is then transferred to the helically wound steam tubes which act as the heat exchanger of the Rankine cycle. Feedwater is first pumped through the inner set of steam tubes where it is boiled and then through the outer set of steam tubes to provide superheat. The high pressure superheated steam at a pressure of 70 bar and temperature of 870° C is then used to drive a high tip speed, single-stage impulse turbine which drives a 410 PS (300 kW) pumpjet propulsor through a reduction gearbox which reduces the approximately 125,000 RPM turbine speed to a pumpjet propulsor speed of around 2,000 RPM. The low pressure turbine exhaust steam then flows into a recuperator where it pre-heats the feedwater entering the boiler-reactor before flowing into a seawater cooled skin condenser embedded into the pressure hull of the torpedo where it is cooled and condenses back to to liquid water, rejecting heat to the surrounding seater. The liquid water condensate is then pumped back to >70 bar pressure by a feedwater pump directly driven by the main turbine shaft where the feedwater is then pumped through the recuperator and then returned to the boiler-reactor to continue the cycle. The power output of the ADSCEPS powerplant is varied by adjusting the feedwater and oxidizer flow rates into the boiler-reactor to produce the desired boiler-reactor steam discharge temperature and output shaft speed. The ADSCEPS powerplant comes by default with two speed settings; a high speed setting which provides a range of 15 kilometers at a speed of 60 knots and a low speed setting with a range of 25 kilometers at a speed of 40 knots.

Guidance:

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The Viperfish employs a forward-looking active/passive acoustic seeker consisting of an a electronically steerable two-dimensional planar array of 48 high bandwidth piezoelectric transducers. The seeker has three modes of operation including 30kHz high frequency (HF) active mode, 15kHz medium frequency (MF) passive mode, and a combined active/passive mode with seeker modes automatically selected based on mission phase and weapon engagement mode. The homing head of the torpedo is constructed from a fiberglass-reinforced polyester resin with hydrodynamic optimized parabolic shape and is structurally decoupled from the body of the torpedo to reduce torpedo self-noise and cavitation. The piezoelectric transducer array is connected to a digital beamformer (DBF) which allows the array to form up to 72 independent beams which can each be steered +/- 60° in azimuth and +/- 35°in elevation when searching for targets. During operations in shallow water the downward steered beams are used for echo-ranging of the seabed in order to give the torpedo undersea waypoint based guidance and seabed following capability. The acoustic seeker employs a dedicated digital signal processor which processes sonar returns using separate fast Fourier transform (FFT) and replica correlation (RC) processing algorithms which are then correlated together in order to accurately classify detected targets with the ability to detect, track, and classify up to 10 simultaneous targets. When configured as a ship launched, submarine launched and helicopter launched weapon the torpedo is also equipped with fiber optic wire guidance system which provides the option to manually navigate the torpedo through narrow passages and complex terrain, alter the size and location of the torpedoes search volume, manually seek out and lock onto targets, and abort the mission if required. The guidance wire is contained inside a torpedo mounted dispenser (TMD) section fitted to the aft of the torpedo which contains a spool with 25 kilometers of bend-insensitive ITU-T G.657 monomodal optical fiber which is reeled out during travel. The Viperfish torpedo's control & guidance electronics section includes three digital signal processors and runs the torpedo's mission software, external signal and data processing, and the torpedo guidance laws. The control & guidance electronics section also includes an SDI TNS 300 fiber-optic gyro Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) which provides accurate 6-axis guidance and control of the torpedo during in-water maneuver and consists of a strapdown unit with 3 fiber-optic gyros and 3 MEMS quartz accelerometers with <0.1°/hr bias and <0.008°/√hr random angle walk performance.

The Viperfish torpedo is designed to be used with a variety of mission parameters which can be set automatically through a list of pre-set missions and altered manually before launch to optimize the torpedo for a specific search and attack pattern. Automatically input mission parameters include the launch platform (ship, submarine, aircraft, helicopter (hover), helicopter (free flight), anti-submarine missile, continental shelf mines) along with the torpedo launch attitude and attitude which are input automatically using the inertial navigation system aboard the launch platform at the time of launch. Mission parameters which are set pre-launch include the sea state, torpedo search mode (standard search, confined search, collision course, missile, continental shelf mine), target type (conventional submarine, midget submarine, unknown), detection range (standard or reduced), bottom depth (very shallow, shallow, medium, deep, very deep, unknown), search ceiling depth, and floor depth). Mission parameters which are set on the launch platform immediately before weapon deployment include the safety zone, search depth, forerun length, forerun depth, and initial turn angle.

Warhead & Fuzing:

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The Viperfish contains a shaped charge warhead detonated by a nose mounted impact fuze which is designed to create a highly directional jet of molten metal to penetrate the pressure hull of the submarine and inflict catastrophic damage. The warhead contains a 60 kilograms of polymer bonded explosive (95% TATB/HMX cocrystal explosive, 5% estane binder) equivalent in blast power to over 120 kilograms of TNT which gives the warhead the ability penetrate the pressure hull of large double-hull submarines and have significant residual destructive effect inside the target.

[The Technocratic Syndicalists]

AM105 Stingray

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General Characteristics:
Type:

Multi-influence moored mine

Delivery platform:

Submarine, aircraft, surface ship

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Physical Characteristics:
Weight:

1,000 kg

Length:

3.0 m

Diameter:

600 mm

Warhead:

200 kg PBX

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Performance Characteristics:
Operational depth:

20 m to 600 m

Operation life:

700 days

Overview:

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The AM105 Stingray is multi-influence cylindrical moored mine developed by SDI Naval Systems which can be laid by surface vessels, submarines, and aircraft in any type of sea. The Stingray consists of a cylindrical fiberglass reinforced epoxy case and a cast steel anchor which is connected to the case using a flexible reel-out cable. Upon deployment the mine sinks to the seabed where the case separates from the anchor and rises under buoyant force to a predetermined depth where a cable-measuring device in the anchor then sends an electrical signal to a pawling mechanism which actuates to lock the cable in place. Should the mine become embedded in bottom sediment before case/anchor separation and mooring take place, a slow burning propellant in the anchor is ignited which frees the mine from any mud it may be buried in. If the mine becomes buried in mud or bottom sediment, a small rocket motor in the anchor with a slow-burning propellant is ignited to free the mine from the bottom. Should the cable break or the cable deployment mechanism allow the mine to accidentally rise to a depth which is too shallow the case will automatically scuttle itself to prevent the possibility of compromise and to eliminate the possibility of the mine becoming a navigational hazard. The warhead of the mine contains a 200 kilogram explosive charge along with a multi-influence target detection device with acoustic, seismic, magnetic, pressure, and Underwater Electric Potential (UEP)/Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic (ELFE) sensors and a fuzzy-logic microprocessor based computerized exploder designed to accurately detect, classify, and engage potential targets whilst also being highly resistant to modern anti-mine countermeasures and jamming systems. The Stingray comes in four versions; the combat mine with a live warhead, a training mine which features an inert warhead an acoustic telemetry link, a dummy version identical in shape and weight to the live mine intended for captive carry an handling training, and a cutaway drill version intended to teach operators the details of the mine's operation including fuze programming and target detection device functions.

Target Detection Device:

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The Target Detection Device (TDD) of the Stingray contains six separate influence systems; acoustic hydrophones (low, mid, and high frequency bands) intended to detect sonar, engine, and propeller noises, tri-axial (low, mid, and high frequency) magnetic sensors, Underwater Electric Potential (UEP)/Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic (ELFE) sensors which can detect corrosion currents in the ship or submarine hull and from their propellers, water pressure sensor, seismic pressure sensor, and a 6-color hyperspectral optical imager which can identify ships and submarines in clear, shallower water. The Stingray's computerized exploder uses a fuzzy-logic based digital signal processing system which organically processes returns from all 6 influence systems and determines whether or not the target is legitimate ship or submarine, whether the target's characteristics fall within the mine's pre-programmed engagement parameters, and whether the target is within the lethal blast radius of the mine's warhead. The mine will only detonate it all three criteria have been met and can be pre-programmed through a portable presetting kit with various target parameters and signal strength thresholds allowing the mine to distinguish and selectively engage certain threats and can also be configured with an arming delay and a ship-counter that will only detonate the mine after it has detected a certain pre-set number of valid targets. The presetting kit can also configure the self-sterilization feature of the mine which cause it to auto-deactivate and wipe its onboard software after a certain time-delay following the arming of the mine.

Warhead:

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The Stingray contains a warhead filled with 200 kilograms of cast-cured polymer bonded explosive (PBX) consisting of 20% RDX, 43% AP, 25% aluminum powder, and 12% ​HTPB/IPDI based polyurethane binder. Connected to the mine's computerized exploder the Stingray's warhead also contains a remote self-destruction system triggered by a bi-directional acoustic datalink and an anti-handling device which will detonate the mine if it is disturbed.

[The Technocratic Syndicalists]

J9R Knifefish

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General Characteristics:
Type:

Heavyweight Supercavitating Torpedo

Launch

Impulse or swim-out capable

Guidance:

Active sonar

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Physical Characteristics:
Weight:

3,800 kg

Length:

8.0 m

Diameter:

600 mm

Warhead weight:

300 kg

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Performance Characteristics:
Propulsion:

Solid-fuel rocket booster, water ramjet sustainer

Propellant:

Aluminum-lithium fuel

Operational depth:

400 m

Speed:

400 knots

Range:

40 km

[The Technocratic Syndicalists]

reserved

[The Technocratic Syndicalists]

Anglerfish

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General Characteristics:
Type:

Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)

Launch platform:

Surface vessel, submarine

Sensors:

forward + side looking synthetic aperture sonar

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Physical Characteristics:
Weight:

2,000 kg

Length:

8.0 m

Diameter:

600 mm

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Performance Characteristics:
Propulsion:

1 kW electric motor

Power:

40 kWh lithium-ion battery

Depth rating:

1,000 m

Speed:

10 knots

Endurance:

100 hours @ 3 knots

Overview:

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The Anglerfish is an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) designed by SDI Naval Systems for long rage, long endurance autonomous minefield reconnaissance. Seconday missions of the Anglerfish also include coastal mapping, seabed mapping, and geophysical surveying. The complete Anglerfish system consists of a mission-planning and analysis unit (MPAU), a battery recharging system, ILS package, and either a shipboard or submarine launch-and-recovery system.

Design & Propulsion

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The Anglerfish features a torpedo-shaped pressure hull which is constructed from wound graphite/epoxy composite sections connected with adhesive-bonded Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy coupling rings and closed off at both ends with Ti-6Al-4V alloy hemispherical bulkheads. The vehicle is divided into six modular sections including the the nose section contain the front looking synthetic aperture sonar, transmit section which contains the transmitter for the side-looking sonar, receiver section which contains the receiver for the side-looking sonar, energy module which contains the vehicle's lithium-ion battery pack and power distribution modules, control module which contains the vehicle's mission processors and navigational sensors, and the tail module which contains the propulsion and steering motors and the vehicle's shrouded propulsor. The Anglerfish is powered by a 10 kilowatt nonmagnetic electric motor which through a flexible shaft joint directly drives a shrouded propeller mounted to a 3-axis gimbal at the rear of the vehicle. Steering is provided pitch and yaw actuators which allow the shrouded propeller to be vectored +/- 15° in pitch and yaw. Electrical power is provided by a 40 kWh lithium-ion battery pack located in the energy section of the vehicle which gives the Anglerfish a maximum endurance of 100 hours at an average cruise speed of 3 knots while conducting pre-programmed underwater search missions.

Sensors:

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The Anglerfish is equipped with both a forward looking high frequency sonar for terrain following and collision avoidance and a side-looking interferometric synthetic aperture broadband sonar for long range detection and classification both moored and surface mines in high clutter environments. The forward looking sonar employs a conformal high-frequency transducer array with +/-100° horizontal and +/-25° vertical sector coverage and operates across the 70 to 100 kHz frequency range. The forward looking sonar has a maximum range of around 1 kilometer and provides <1º bearing accuracy and 0.5 meter range accuracy at a distance of 1 kilometer. The side-looking sonar is a miniaturized version of SDI Underwater System's SQQ-66 shipboard variable-depth minehunting sonar and consists of a separate port and starboard looking transmitter and receive arrays which operates in the LF and VLF frequencies (30-100 Khz) for mine detection and HF and VHF frequencies (300-500 Khz) for mine classification. The sonar can operate in multiple interleaved operating modes including VLF or LF search and moored mine classification, VLF or LF search and ground mine classification, dual VLF/LF search, and VLF or LF route survey.

Navigation & Control:

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The Anglerfish's navigation system is contained in the vehicle's control section and consists of a 6-axis fiber-optic gyro based inertial navigation system (INS), a doppler velocity log (DVL) sensor, an ultra-short baseline acoustic positioning system, a two-Way hydro-acoustic communications link, and a deployable antenna containing a GPS receiver and a 2-way L-Band SATCOM antenna. For underwater operations the vehicle navigates using the fiber-optic IMU to provide the vehicle's angular and linear displacement and acceleration with the doppler velocity log (DVL) uses to provide accuracy vehicle velocity information relative to the seafloor which combined provide a positional drift rate of lower than 0.1% of distance traveled. The ultra-short baseline acoustic positioning system operates using a transceiver mounted on the launching ship which allows the vehicle's range and an angle relative to the launching vessel to be determined. The control section of the Anglerfish also includes a deployable antenna which integrates a 24 Channel SAASM GPS recover and an L band (1616 – 1626.5 MHz) SATCOM antenna which allows the vehicle to communicate over-the-horizon with the launching vessel when the vehicle is near the surface. When deployed by surface ships the Anglerfish vehicle is normally programmed to surface every 20 kilometers for navigation updates via GPS and to transmit sonar information back to the launching vessel.

[The Technocratic Syndicalists]

Manta

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General Characteristics:
Type:

remotely operated vehicle (ROV) b)

Launch platform:

Surface vessels

Sensors:

Color CCD, electronic scanning sonar

Payload:

50 kg mine disposal charge

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Physical Characteristics:
Weight:

500 kg

Length:

3.0 m

Width:

1.2 m

Height:

1.3 m

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Performance Characteristics:
Propulsion:

4x 7 kW + 6x 0.4 kW nonmagnetic brushless motors

Depth rating:

500 m

Speed:

7 knots

Range:

1,000 m tether

Endurance:

Unlimited

[The Technocratic Syndicalists]

S2s Barracuda

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General Characteristics:
Type:

Lightweight anti-torpedo torpedo

Launch platform:

Surface vessels, submarine

Guidance:

Active sonar

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Physical Characteristics:
Weight:

110 kg

Length:

2.0 m

Diameter:

210 mm

Warhead:

20 kg polymer bonded explosive

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Performance Characteristics:
Propulsion:

Advanced stored chemical energy propulsion system (ADSCEPS) pump-jet

Propellant:

Sulfur hexafluoride oxidizer, solid lithium fuel

Operational depth:

3 m to 1,000 m

Speed:

60 knots

Range:

10 km @ 60 knots

Overview:

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The S2s Baracuda is a lightweight anti-torpedo designed by SDI Underwater Systems to seek out and intercept incoming torpedoes. The weapon is essentially a miniaturized version of SDI's F3s Viperfish torpedo, combining the same type of high speed, depth independent closed cycle propulsion system and active/passive seeker head with guidance and software modifications for the anti-torpedo role. The Barracuda forms part of SDI's Sea Guardian Surface Ship Torpedo Countermeasure System which combined various acoustic decoys and the Barracuda anti-torpedo to create a combiend soft and hardkill system for defending surface vessels and submarines. Unlike acoustic decoys the operation of the Barracuda is completely independent from the attacking torpedo’s mode of homing system and can intercept wake homing torpedoes immune to conventional acoustic decoys. The S2s Baracuda including its launch canister is supplied in two variants, a variant for surface vessels which is designed to be launched from fixed deck mounted launchers and variant for submarines which is designed to be launched from the 21 cm electromagnetic external countermeasure launchers on SDI submarines.

Propulsion

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The Baracuda is powered by an advanced stored chemical energy propulsion system (ADSCEPS), a closed cycle propulsion system which employs a Rankine steam cycle with a closed volume heat source driven by the chemical reaction of lithium metal with sulfur hexaflouride (SF6) gas. The components of the ADSCEPS engine include the boiler-reactor, turbine/gearbox assembly, recuperator, feedwater pump, and skin condenser. The boiler-reactor acts as a combination fuel storage tank, heat exchanger, and combustion chamber and consists of two concentric tubing coils with an annular space between which acts as the lithium fuel storage space and as the combustion chamber. The Lithium metal fuel is melted by embedded thermite start grains where gaseous SF6 oxidizer stored inside a tank ahead of the boiler-reactor is then injected into the molten fuel through submerged nozzle injectors embedded inside the endplates of the boiler reactor. Heat from the reaction is then transferred to the helically wound steam tubes which act as the heat exchanger of the Rankine cycle. Feedwater is first pumped through the inner set of steam tubes where it is boiled and then through the outer set of steam tubes to provide superheat. The high pressure superheated steam at a pressure of 70 bar and temperature of 870° C is then used to drive a high tip speed, single-stage impulse turbine which drives a pumpjet propulsor through a reduction gearbox. The low pressure turbine exhaust steam then flows into a recuperator where it pre-heats the feedwater entering the boiler-reactor before flowing into a seawater cooled skin condenser embedded into the pressure hull of the torpedo where it is cooled and condenses back to to liquid water, rejecting heat to the surrounding seater. The liquid water condensate is then pumped back to >70 bar pressure by a feedwater pump directly driven by the main turbine shaft where the feedwater is then pumped through the recuperator and then returned to the boiler-reactor to continue the cycle. The power output of the ADSCEPS powerplant is varied by adjusting the feedwater and oxidizer flow rates into the boiler-reactor to produce the desired boiler-reactor steam discharge temperature and output shaft speed. The ADSCEPS powerplant on the Barracuda comes by default with a single speed settings with a range of 10 kilometers at a speed of 60 knots.

Guidance:

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The Barracuda employs a forward-looking high frequency active sonar seeker consisting of an a electronically steerable two-dimensional planar array of 48 high bandwidth piezoelectric transducers. The seeker has three modes of operation including 30kHz high frequency (HF) active mode, 15kHz medium frequency (MF) passive mode, and a combined active/passive mode which is chosen by the torpedo's guidance computer based on the threat type and engagement phase. The active frequency of the seeker has been chosen specifically to operate effectively in turbulent ship wakes against wake homing torpedoes while the passive frequency range specifically covers the frequencies used by active sonar homing heads and the range of frequencies emitted by torpedo propulsion systems. Special guidance modes are also incorporated for salvo intercepts, ensuring multiple Barracuda do not inadvertently home in on each other during an intercept of multiple incoming threat torpedoes. The homing head of the torpedo is constructed from a fiberglass-reinforced polyester resin with hydrodynamic optimized parabolic shape and is structurally decoupled from the body of the torpedo to reduce torpedo self-noise and cavitation. The piezoelectric transducer array is connected to a digital beamformer (DBF) which allows the array to form up to 72 independent beams which can each be steered +/- 60° in azimuth and in elevation when searching for targets. The acoustic seeker employs a dedicated digital signal processor which processed sonar returns using separate fast Fourier transform (FFT) and replica correlation (RC) processing algorithms which are then correlated together in order to accurately classify detected targets with the ability to detect, track, and classify up to 10 simultaneous targets.

The Barracudas' torpedo's control & guidance electronics section includes three digital signal processors and runs the torpedo's mission software, external signal and data processing, and the torpedo guidance laws. The control & guidance electronics section also includes an SDI TNS 200 fiber-optic gyro Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) which provides accurate 6-axis guidance and control of the Torpedo during in-water maneuver and consists of a strapdown unit with 3 fiber-optic gyros and 3 MEMS quartz accelerometers with <0.1°/hr bias and <0.008°/√hr random angle walk .

Warhead & Fuzing:

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The Barracuda contains a blast warhead detonated using the weapons' active sonar head an active acoustic proximity fuze. The fuzing system is designed to detonate the interceptor in front of the oncoming torpedo, creating a blast wave which then crushes and destroys the front end of the threat torpedo. An impact fuze is also fitted to the front of the warhead as a backup. The warhead contains 20 kilograms of polymer bonded explosive consisting of of 50% Ammonium perchlorate (AP) oxidizer, 25% aluminum powder fuel, 10% HNIW (Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane) explosive, 10% BDNPA/F energetic plasticizer, and 5% polyoxyethylene glycol (PEG) binder.