Passed General Assembly Resolutions

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Comfortable Pillows for All Protocol"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #600
Proposed by: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Description: General Assembly Resolution #600 "Comfortable Pillows for All Protocol" (Category: Regulation, Area of Effect: Consumer Protection) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Convinced that a resolution being written as "humorous" does not justify serious flaws in the text, as said flaws will still bind member nations regardless of the intent,

Asserting that for many poorer or less-developed member nations, mandating the domestic distribution of pillows forms a rather blatant waste of government funds, reducing the budget available for more vital projects such as healthcare, welfare, or humanitarian aid,

Shocked that the resolution also requires pillows and "functioning sleep medications and sleeping devices" to be "all widely accessible and affordable in their member state", potentially requiring member nations to make even luxurious or expensive pillows and sleeping devices widely affordable alongside cheaper ones,

Emphasising that this burden on member nations is compounded by the target's lack of any form of assistance whatsoever to member nations in complying with its potentially expensive madates, the World Assembly

Strikes out the "Comfortable Pillows for All Protocol".

Votes For: 11 193 (82.3%)
Votes Against: 2 405 (17.7%)

Implemented Sat 24 Jun 2023

[GA 670 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Marine Protection Act"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #510
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Description: General Assembly Resolution #510 "Marine Protection Act" (Category: Environmental, Industry Affected: All Businesses - Strong) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Noting that GA#510 authorises the Committee for the Preservation of Marine Environments (CPME) to declare certain "areas within international waters" to be sanctuaries, and tasks it with making and enforcing "regulations in said areas to further the purpose for which said sanctuaries were designated,"

Moderately annoyed that GA#510 grants the CPME excessive power in regards to sanctuaries, because:

1. it defines regulations as "reasonable restrictions" on certain marine activities, allowing the CPME to see reasonability through whatever lens it desires to get the outcome it desires, and
   
   
2. its Article 4 authorises member states to request that sanctuaries be delisted or regulations applicable to them be amended, yet only requires CPME to "thoroughly review" those requests without setting any rules for under what conditions it must accept and reject them,

Utterly infuriated that Article 2a(i) allows CPME to designate a sanctuary merely because it is "critical to the survival and growth of a species," even if that species is invasive or destroying marine habitats local to the area, eviscerating the kinds of biodiversity that it may wish to protect elsewhere via Article 2a(ii) designations, and

Believing that any resolution which creates or focuses on as much redundant red tape as GA#510 should not stand...

The General Assembly hereby repeals GA#510 "Marine Protection Act."

Co-author: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Votes For: 8 502 (75.1%)
Votes Against: 2 820 (24.9%)

Implemented Wed 28 Jun 2023

[GA 671 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Sex Worker Protections Act
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Labour Rights
Proposed by: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Text: The World Assembly,

Recognising the unfair discrimination, sexual assault, and poor working conditions sex workers have long been subject to solely due to their field of employment, as well as the greater risk of sexually transmitted infections sex workers and clients thereof face,

Emphasising that prosecution of sex work is also unhelpful towards protecting sex workers, as it forces sex workers to work "underground" for fear of prosecution of themselves and/or loss of job, at the expense of their safety and welfare, while also perpetuating stigmatisation of the sex industry,

Identifying the efforts of "Universal STI Counteraction" as ultimately helpful to the protection of sex workers via access to STI testing and curative medications for STIs,

Believing that further efforts are still needed, however, to specifically protect sex workers and ensure that sex work is safe for employees, consumers, and all others involved, as there are still no resolutions passed tailored to the sex industry,

Enacts as follows, subject to past World Assembly law still in force.

1. In this resolution, "sex work" refers to the performance of sexual acts in exchange for material compensation. Further, a "state" is a member nation or any administrative or political subdivision thereof.
   
   
2. Every state must treat employment and self-employment in sex work as a legitimate form of employment and self-employment; and accordingly treat sex work, including acts of performing, providing employment in, and purchasing the same, equally to all other legitimate forms of employment and self-employment in that state, subject to this resolution.
   
   
3. Each member nation must offer free and safe medical products preventing STI transmission -- including vaccination and barrier contraception -- to all individuals under its jurisdiction consistently at risk of exposure to sexually-transmitted infections as a result of their employment or self-employment as a sex worker. A member nation may delegate this responsibility to its political or administrative subdivisions, so long as coverage over the entire jurisdiction of that member nation is achieved.
   
   
   1. If a state demonstrates in good faith to the General Accounting Office that it is unable to fund compliance with this mandate without causing serious damage to its economy or finances, that state shall receive funds from the World Assembly General Fund assessed by the General Accounting Office to aid the state in funding these products. States may not use such funds for any purpose other than funding such provision of these products.
      
      
   2. Sex workers and sex work clients are strongly urged to use such products in any sex work carrying risk of either pregnancy of, or transmission of sexually transmitted infections to, the client or sex worker in question, so as to minimise such risk.
   
   
4. No person or entity may employ in sex work, consume sex work from, or sell sex work to a person who (i) lacks the mental capacity to consent to sexual acts, (ii) has not consented to said sex work, or (iii) is under the age of majority in a state of jurisdiction.
   
   
5. Every state must address violations of sexual autonomy within the scope of sex work with the same haste and severity as such violations committed outside of the scope of the same. Further, each state must address hate crime and violence against an individual motivated by that individual's employment or self-employment as a sex worker with the same haste and severity as any other like hate crime declared under relevant national or international law.

Votes For: 8 918 (71.3%)
Votes Against: 3 582 (28.7%)

Implemented Fri 14 Jul 2023

[GA 672 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Maritime Cargo General Average
A resolution to reduce barriers to free trade and commerce.

Category: Free Trade
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Noting that, as many bodies of water of WA states are connected, cargo shipping and its impact on free trade have been matters of concern to the WA;

Further noting the lack of laws to compensate for loss of maritime cargo due to perils at sea, hindering free trade between WA states;

Desiring to codify the said matter;

1. Hereby defines:
   
   1. Cargo (or "maritime cargo") to mean any commercial cargo of value carried by a WA ship for profit;
   2. Owner(s) to mean the owner of a WA ship;
   3. Peril(s) to mean any perils a WA ship is exposed to on a voyage, including of the seas, fires, wars, pirates, captures, jettison of goods, negligence, and any others;
   4. Sacrifice to mean any sacrifice or expenses incurred when a ship is exposed to perils, including:
      
      1. any loss or damage (whether to the WA ship, or to cargo) for the common safety of a voyage; and
      2. disbursements and expenses (hereafter, "disbursements") for:
         
         1. the rescue and salvage operations of the WA ship, and/or
         2. necessary repairs for a voyage to the nearest port; and/or
         3. the preservation of cargo from peril(s);
   5. Ship(s) to mean any maritime vessel capable of carrying cargo, excluding those on voyages for a WA state in any governmental capacity, and a "WA ship" to mean a ship on a voyage under the flag of a WA state;
   6. Shipper to mean the owner of the cargo, as witnessed by the bill(s) of lading;
   7. Voyage(s) to mean any voyage on any waters by a WA ship carrying cargo, from starting to load all relevant cargo at a port of departure to the completion of the unloading of all relevant cargo at a port of arrival;
   8. WANC to mean the WA Nautical Commission;
2. Hereby declares that the concept of "general average" applies to maritime cargo carried on a WA ship, namely that those cargo sacrificed for the benefit of all shall be made good by the contribution of all;
   
   
3. Hereby declares:
   
   1. if sacrifice (as defined in clause 1(d)) is required, such sacrifice shall be allocated on a pro rata basis to the total value of:
      
      1. the undamaged cargo carried, as reported in the bills of lading; plus
      2. the value of the WA ship;
   2. an exception applies to clause 3(a) in that if a shipper suffers total loss of its cargo, then no disbursement is required from that shipper;
      
   3. general average may be declared by:
      
      1. the owner; or,
      2. if facing imminent perils, by the captain of a WA ship;
   4. if general average is declared, all parties potentially benefiting from the sacrifice (such as owners and shippers) must contribute towards disbursement;
   5. no declaration shall be made for general average shall be allowed, unless:
      
      1. it is intentionally and reasonably declared for the common safety of a WA ship or;
      2. it is declared to save cargo from imminent perils;
4. Requires, for the purpose of general average, that:
   
   1. the burden of proof is on the party claiming general average to show that any disbursement claimed is admitted;
   2. only direct losses, damages and expenses of the peril(s) shall count as sacrifice eligible for general average, and that indirect losses, such as (for example) pollution damage are not eligible and remain the responsibility of the part(ies) at fault;
5. Requires, for the purpose of insurance, that:
   
   1. all insurance policies required in this resolution must be underwritten:
      
      1. by a reputable insurer in a WA state; and
      2. governed by the laws of a WA state;
   2. the owner of a WA ship must purchase insurance, to fully cover:
      
      1. all sacrifices (and disbursements) if general average is declared;
      2. damage to the ship, including hull and marine insurance;
      3. indirect losses (including protection and indemnity insurance) such as third-party losses, pollution and environmental damage;
   3. the owner of a WA ship must issue a written reminder to a shipper to purchase cargo insurance if the shipper deems fit;
6. Clarifies:
   
   1. the rights of a party contributing to general average shall not be affected even if the sacrifice may have been the fault of a party to the voyage, but this shall not affect any legal proceedings against that party for such faults;
   2. jurisdiction for disputes under this resolution shall fall on the WA state to which the WA ship is registered;
   3. WANC shall set (and update as it deems fit) procedures on claims, adjustments and other matters deemed relevant for the purpose of this resolution.

Votes For: 10 189 (84.6%)
Votes Against: 1 853 (15.4%)

Implemented Tue 18 Jul 2023

[GA 673 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Standards for International Freight
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Transportation
Proposed by: Ostrovskiy

Text: The World Assembly,

Noting the importance of international freight in enabling the rapid and convenient transportation of goods across borders,

Believing that duplicative and unnecessary national-scale laws can increase costs, deter transportation and harm the freight industry and consumers alike, and

Seeking to cut down on such laws through effective international regulation,

Hereby, subject to relevant past World Assembly legislation still in force:

1. defines, for the purposes of this resolution:
   
   1. "operators" as commercial entities which specialize in the movement of goods,
   2. "freight" as the movement of goods by operators from one World Assembly member state to another, and
   3. "cargo" as those goods moved in freight,
2. requires that operators:
   
   1. exercize due diligence when transporting cargo, including by ensuring that such cargo does not harm others or their property,
   2. provide the most truthful and accurate information about the services they offer and the cargo they are transporting on that occasion (including the weight and dimensions of that cargo) to the shipper and the recipient of that cargo, and
   3. carefully handle and transport cargo which is dangerous, fragile, hazardous or perishable, and requires the International Transport Safety Committee to design symbols to indicate such cargo which must be used by operators to the maximal extent allowed by prior and standing WA law,
3. requires member states to authorise civil suits against operators when they lose or damage cargo, and that compensatory damages must be provided to the plaintiff if the operator acted as a proximate cause to the loss or damage, so long as such loss and damage could have been prevented without jeopardizing or actually harming the safety of any sapient being, and
   
   
4. encourages the adoption of intermodal and multimodal transport, as well as techniques to reduce empty runs and other causes of delays, by operators.

Co-authors: CSB PM Union, Millenhaal, Tinhampton

Votes For: 10 243 (80.5%)
Votes Against: 2 477 (19.5%)

Implemented Sat 22 Jul 2023

[GA 674 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "World Assembly Official Merchandise"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #663
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Description: General Assembly Resolution #663 "World Assembly Official Merchandise" (Category: Free Trade, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Recognising that Article 1d of GA#663 precludes the WA Trust for Cultural Heritage (WATCH) from offering WA merchandise in any member which does not "meet [that member's] technological, cultural, social, and other requirements, norms and practices," which - given the inclusion of "other" standards - could allow member states to impose differential or even overly-rigorous requirements for WA merchandise compared to non-WA merchandise, effectively precluding its sale within their jurisdictions for as long as they persist,

Observing that it may be impossible for WATCH to meet its Article 1f requirement to "[a]rrange for retailing of WA merchandise... across all member states" if some of those member states impose such rules on the sale of WA merchandise above and beyond those necessary to provide for "the[ir] customary methods of retailing," thereby defeating the purpose and objective of offering WA merchandise at all,

Additionally unsure of the need to require that WATCH encourage members "to license (for valuable consideration)... items deemed significant to their culture for use as WA merchandise," as Article 1b does, when nothing is stopping those member states from selling and profiting from such items under their own banner and emphasising their links to their nation - rather than to the WA as a whole - and it is not made clear at all what benefit such licensing would have either to the WA (beyond fundraising as specified in Article 2) or the member state (beyond "valuable consideration," namely appropriate compensation resulting from such licensing, which may be less than the profit they would accrue from direct sales outside GA#663's scope),

Noting, in fact, that the resolution does not justify itself beyond arguing that the WA should sell branded merchandise to allow "citizens of member states and fans of the WA" to back up their support for it, as though the institution has no other means to financially support itself and its missions, when GA#17 "WA General Fund" already requires all members to make appropriate financial contributions to the WA every year while ensuring that the WA does not spend beyond its means, and

Believing that resolutions which do not adequately and appropriately facilitate the fulfilment of their goals, however lofty or beneficial to WA finances they may be, should not remain on the books...

The General Assembly hereby repeals GA#663 "World Assembly Official Merchandise."

Votes For: 10 360 (77.4%)
Votes Against: 3 024 (22.6%)

Implemented Wed 26 Jul 2023

[GA 675 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Individual Working Freedoms"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #302
Proposed by: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Description: General Assembly Resolution #302 "Individual Working Freedoms" (Category: Advancement of Industry, Area of Effect: Labor Deregulation) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Celebrating its efforts to defend the rights of employees through resolutions including "Restrictions on Child Labor", "Workplace Safety Standards Act", and "Protecting the Rights of Labour Unions";

Believing that the resolution "Individual Working Freedoms" stands in the way of protection of workers, as it effectively does nothing except restrict the ability of the World Assembly to protect the rights of employees;

Noting that one of the only clauses in the resolution which is actually binding on member nations, lifting all "working time regulations that serve only to reduce individual liberty and that do not serve any other purpose", has an extraordinarily vague standard which does nothing to prevent member nations from rationalising regulations as having some purpose besides "reduc[ing] individual liberty";

Perturbed that Section 3 bars the World Assembly from interfering in the decisions of member nations regarding "whether to set specific regulations on workweeks and working time in the general public interest", a broad scope which does not only apply to a mandate for "one standard working week", but also prohibition of practices such as coercing employees to accept overly long shifts to the point of being psychologically or physically burdensome, on threat of starvation or unemployment;

Recognising that although the World Assembly has legislated to protect labour unions, they still may often have insufficient bargaining power to prevent such exploitation of labour, as employers frequently maintain more power over employees, and by extension unions they form, than vice versa;

Convinced that the rationale of the resolution for doing this, ie that "any attempt to impose a universal manacle of working time restriction [is] a grossly unfair abrogation of individual freedoms", is insufficient, as it is in fact beneficial for individual freedoms for workers not to be coerced into shifts of a physically or psychologically detrimental length;

Finding that as the resolution has no substantive effect besides restricting the ability of the World Assembly to protect workers against exploitation, its repeal will not affect the rights of workers, except that the World Assembly will have a greater authority to legislate in favour of workers in the future;

The World Assembly repeals GA #302, "Individual Working Freedoms".

Votes For: 10 749 (84.8%)
Votes Against: 1 934 (15.2%)

Implemented Sun 30 Jul 2023

[GA 676 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Ban on Forced Blood Sports"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #498
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Description: General Assembly Resolution #498 "Ban on Forced Blood Sports" (Category: Moral Decency, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Noting that, with the full ban on blood sports involving animals imposed by Articles 1-3 of GA#498, the keepers of animal blood sport participants (ABSPs) can choose either to release them, keep them captive, or put them down,

Upset, however, that Article 4a simply requires that "if an [ABSP] does not have a significant risk of harming itself of others, it must be given its freedom" without either:

1. requiring it to be released into its natural habitat (enabling ABSP keepers to release them into unsuitable, dangerous or assuredly fatal environments - contrary to the resolution's spirit of preventing animal cruelty - without risk of punishment), or
   
   
2. permitting screening to instead ensure that ABSPs need only be released if they neither endanger themselves nor other living things in its natural habitat (incentivising keepers to invoke Article 4b when ABSPs they keep attack them, even if their species is not native to those ABSPs' natural habitats, or even if their training means they can only pose a "significant risk" of harm to other sentients while in dedicated blood sport environments),

Recognising that ABSPs not covered by Article 4a are described either by Article 4b (where they do not exhibit "abnormal behaviour" - relative to their "wild counterparts" - which causes them to pose "a significant danger to [themselves], any animals, or sapients in that habitat") or Article 4c (if they do exhibit such behaviour),

Concerned that Article 4b's requirement for ABSPs to be released into their natural habitat may only be waived where their behaviour leads them to endanger its living beings without regards for the harm they may cause to its flora and fauna, precluding animals not covered by the waiver purely due to the threat they pose to plant life from being kept in suitable and dignified environments where they cannot harm their natural habitat's biodiversity instead (as is permitted where Article 4c applies),

Objecting to GA#498's blanket authorisation for any ABSP described by Article 4c to "be euthanised humanely" as a potential alternative to their being kept "in a secure and safe rehabilitative environment" until Article 4b describes them instead, not only because of the lack of any explicit requirement that the release of ABSPs likewise be humane in the first place, but also because it tacitly encourages keepers to immediately put down ABSPs for patterns of aggressive behaviour that may be readily unlearned instead of putting in the effort to wait until Article 4b applies to them, and

Concluding that GA#498 is flawed to the extent it allows some ABSPs to be released into habitats where they may not survive, permits others to be released into habitats where they could harm flora and fauna simply because those environments are their natural habitats, and promotes the use of euthanisation of others still as an immediate last resort - and ought to be replaced with a clearer, more effective WA-wide prohibition of blood sports when the opportunity arises...

The General Assembly hereby repeals GA#498 "Ban on Forced Blood Sports."

Co-author: East Chimore

Votes For: 8 090 (69.1%)
Votes Against: 3 626 (30.9%)

Implemented Thu 3 Aug 2023

[GA 677 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Civilian Aircraft Accord"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #342
Proposed by: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Description: General Assembly Resolution #342 "Civilian Aircraft Accord" (Category: International Security, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Believing that, while the resolution is well-intentioned, it contains several fatal flaws which severely hinder its ability to carry out its goals,

Alarmed by the resolution's silence regarding the necessary extent of "assistance" to be provided to civilian aircraft in distress under Section 2c, allowing member nations to only provide minimal assistance to civilian aircraft in distress,

Saddened too that Section 4 permits member nations to render whatever "instructions" or "warning" they please, allowing a member nation to -- for example -- demand that a civilian aircraft surrender to military force as these "instructions", thus defeating much of the mandate's purpose,

Emphasising that, as resolutions cannot be amended, the only way to address these flaws is via repeal of the resolution, the World Assembly

Declares the "Civilian Aircraft Accord" to be repealed.

Votes For: 9 436 (84.3%)
Votes Against: 1 752 (15.7%)

Implemented Mon 7 Aug 2023

[GA 678 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Regulating Industrial Farming
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: Agriculture
Proposed by: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Text: Noting that the industrial farming (or "factory farming") of animals is a method often used in agricultural settings to increase efficiency and lower the cost of production;

Concerned, however, that the stocking densities used in factory farming frequently result in the quick transfer of communicable diseases among animals, many of which can affect public health through both the consumption of meat produced in factory farms, and the direct transfer of diseases from factory farm facilities to workers and the public;

Perturbed that these facts are only overcome through the massive use of medication and antibiotics, a practice which contributes to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria while wasting medications which could instead be used to benefit the health of those actually in need;

Observing that factory farming also has significant, demonstrably negative environmental effects on nearby wildlife and flora, as this approach produces a large amount of biological waste necessitating safe and responsible collection, handling and disposal;

Aware too of the economic effects of factory farming, as by maximising efficiency while disregarding animal health and welfare, the practice fosters anti-competitive practices and the cartelisation of the agricultural industry;

Concluding there to be ample evidence that regulating factory farming is essential to public health, a fair economy, and animal health and welfare;

The World Assembly enacts as follows.

1. Definitions: The following provisions must be followed in interpretation of this resolution.
   
   
   1. An "animal" is a non-sapient animal being held in captivity for the purpose of extracting any commodity ("animal product") directly produced from or by said animal.
      
      
   2. An "industrial farm" is an industrial facility where animals are enclosed en masse and in close proximity to each other.
2. Health spacing requirements: No industrial farm may enclose animals in such proximity to other animals as to result in the significantly likely transfer of communicable diseases between said animals, except as necessary for contact between said animals while meeting Section 3 requirements. Nor may any animal be enclosed in a location of such size, design or stocking density as to prevent said animal from engaging in motion or like behaviours necessary to prevent diseases such as osteoporosis from arising in said animal. Both conditions of this Section must be met regardless of any supplements or medication administered to said animals not on an ad hoc basis.
   
   
3. Welfare spacing requirements: No industrial farm may enclose animals in any location of such size, design or stocking density as to prevent said animal from exercising their full range of motion.
   
   
4. Exceptions: Sections 2 or 3 may be waived to the minimal extent necessary to prevent physical harm to a animal, or otherwise protect the health or welfare of sapients or animals.
   
   
5. Waste collection: All industrial farms must
   
   
   1. regularly or continuously collect all biological waste from their animal enclosures; and
      
      
   2. prevent such waste from entering any enclosure other than that enclosure in which it originated; except to administer said waste as feed or nutrients to other animals, should such waste have undergone sufficient processing to minimise any health risk to animals administered with said waste.
   
   
6. Waste handling: The processing, disposal and transportation of such waste must comply with all relevant subnational, national and international standards regarding handling of toxic materials or biological waste.
   
   
7. Trade restrictions: Every member nation must fully embargo all international trade of animal products produced in a manner violating this resolution. Nor may any area under member nation jurisdiction be used for trade of such products. This applies regardless of whether such products were produced under World Assembly jurisdiction. For the purposes of this resolution, "animal products" includes any products manufactured or otherwise created therefrom.
   
   
8. Phase-out: If a member nation can prove to the Compliance Commission that said nation is unable to meet Sections 2 - 7 immediately without causing significant economic damage to said nation, or significantly reducing access to animal products, the Compliance Commission may direct and supervise the gradual implementation of measures in said nation, commencing at once, to bring said nation into compliance with this resolution as promptly as possible without causing such economic damage or significant reduction of access to such products. Such measures shall be implemented in cooperation with said nation.
   
   
9. Conflicts: The World Assembly shall reserve the power to further restrict industrial farming. Yet, should a provision of this resolution contradict some past World Assembly resolution still in force, that previous resolution takes precedence.

Co-author: Greater Cesnica

Votes For: 8 340 (68.2%)
Votes Against: 3 881 (31.8%)

Implemented Fri 11 Aug 2023

[GA 679 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Convention on Law Enforcement for Heinous Crimes"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #666
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Description: General Assembly Resolution #666 "Convention on Law Enforcement for Heinous Crimes" (Category: International Security, Strength: Significant) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Noting that, whenever someone in a member state is charged by another member with a heinous crime (as defined), GA#666 requires that their state of residence conduct "a bona fide review... by a court or other tribunal" into whether they should be tried in that state or deported to the state seeking the charge instead,

Disappointed that the target resolution sets low standards of good faith in these reviews through only requiring the tribunal to consider the suspect's "past trials," their likelihood of guilt, the "relevant charges or conviction" they face, and "any state or public interests" regarding comity,

Frustrated that, in requiring the tribunal to consider a defendant's "past trials," GA#666 opens the door for extradition proceedings to use trials in which a defendant was acquitted as evidence against them, coming dangerously close to the near-total ban on double jeopardy imposed by GA#198 "Preventing Multiple Trials" and serving only to unfairly prejudice the finder of fact against the defendant with little probative value,

Convinced that the other comity rules of GA#666 are superfluous, because GA#147 "Extradition Rights" allows appeals against extradition between members to be rejected where the suspect has violated WA law (and every "heinous crime" is a violation of WA law), and GA#37 "Fairness in Criminal Trials" ensures that their trial will follow basic standards no matter what member state it takes place in,

Observing that, beyond comity, Article 4 requires the International Enforcement Commission (IEC) to supply armed officers when members ask it for help with certain extraditions,

Bemused not only that Article 4 further states that future resolutions may permit "the IEC to carry out additional law enforcement actions," but also that - despite the IEC's pretences to offer "armed defensive support" - it is actually constituted by GA#666 as a police force that pursues those who are merely accused of heinous crimes while awaiting trial or otherwise have to return to the state that convicted them,

Enraged that the IEC's only use-of-force standard is a rule that they use no more force than "necessary to ensure that the individual is safely" extradited, thus making it unclear:

1. what they are supposed to do when the suspect merely resists arrest,
2. what kind of force they may use in self-defence if the suspect goes beyond resisting arrest to assault IEC agents,
3. what immediately non-injurious actions (such as the destruction of obstacles the suspect is hiding behind) they are allowed to take to ensure safe extradition,
4. when they are meant to deploy arms in the first instance, or indeed
5. what degree of force they are meant to use against the suspect or any other person at any time, and

Believing that GA#666, when it is not somehow reminscent of prior WA law on criminal justice, endeavours to create a WA police force without setting firm guidelines on its use of force, making it unnecessary and harmful at the same time...

The General Assembly hereby repeals GA#666 "Convention on Law Enforcement for Heinous Crimes."

Co-authors: Refuge Isle, Witchcraft and Sorcery, Merni

Votes For: 9 476 (74.0%)
Votes Against: 3 334 (26.0%)

Implemented Tue 15 Aug 2023

[GA 680 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Non-Compete Clauses Restraints
A resolution to reduce barriers to free trade and commerce.

Category: Free Trade
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Noting extant resolutions to protect the rights of workers;

Dismayed by clauses in employment contracts that impede workers from joining another employer or starting a business that competes with their previous employer;

Concerned by the impact of such clauses on (i) improving the remuneration of employees, (ii) impeding employers from hiring qualified workers, and (iii) hindering the pursuit of entrepreneurship, among other issues;

1. Hereby defines:
   
   1. Contract to mean an employment contract between an employer and an employee, whether written or otherwise;
   2. Employee(s) to mean all formal and informal employees including temporary workers, interns, and apprentices, whether paid or unpaid;
   3. Employer to mean anyone (or any entity) who enters into a contract to employ the employee;
   4. IAO to mean the WA Independent Adjudicative Office;
2. Hereby defines a non-compete clause to mean any terms in a contract that:
   
   1. hinders an employee from seeking or accepting roles with another employer; and/or
   2. impedes a departing employee's ability to operate a business that competes with their previous employer; such as (merely as examples of the aforesaid acts of hinderance or impediment):
      
      1. a very broadly defined non-disclosure clause for employees without access to sensitive commercial data or genuine trade secrets and merely serving to prevent them from using their skills and non-proprietary knowledge to improve their employment prospects;
      2. a training contract requiring reimbursement of expenses exceeding the actual training costs incurred by the employer;
      3. a contract that requires liquidating damages to be paid merely for the act of leaving an employer;
3. Hereby requires, as soon as reasonably practicable upon the passing of this resolution, that a non-compete clause as defined in clause 2 shall be deemed to have been severed from a contract and declared null and void;
   
   
4. Hereby prohibits an employer from restricting an employee from resigning and taking employment elsewhere or starting a business, nor subsequently claim for loss of business from the said employee, if either:
   
   1. the employee has given due notice to the employer of the intent to leave the employer according to the terms of the contract; or
   2. a valuable monetary payment, as determined by the laws of the relevant WA state, has been made by the employee to the employer to compensate for an early departure by the employee;
5. Hereby permits:
   
   1. A contract with its terms severed or amended due to this resolution to be subject to a claim of unjust enrichment by any party to such a contract, with such claims limited to no more than the amount of any payments already made by an employer for the purpose of enticing the employee to consent to the terms of the contract severed or amended;
   2. A non-compete clause imposed by the national (or sub-national) government(s) of a WA state on the grounds of national security, if the employee is aware of, and voluntarily accepts, such requirements before starting employment;
6. Hereby clarifies that this resolution does not apply to current or previous employee(s) with a financial interest in the employer itself, if such employee(s) voluntarily agree to non-compete restraints in return for selling their interest(s) in the said employer for valuable consideration;
   
   
7. Hereby clarifies that, in case of disputes:
   
   1. The burden of proof shall be on the employer to any claims made by the employer against an employee at a level no less than a “preponderance of evidence” basis;
   2. In case of disputes, jurisdiction shall be asserted in the following order:
      
      1. The WA state stated in the contract as having jurisdiction, if specified;
      2. The WA state where the employer is resident or duly established;
      3. The WA state where the employee primarily work(ed);
   3. In case of conflicts on or between jurisdictions, the IAO shall adjudicate as a matter of law and not as fact.

Co-authors: Cretox State, Imperium Anglorum, Separatist Peoples

Votes For: 8 415 (70.6%)
Votes Against: 3 509 (29.4%)

Implemented Sat 19 Aug 2023

[GA 681 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Protection of Airspace"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #464
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Description: General Assembly Resolution #464 "Protection of Airspace" (Category: Regulation, Area of Effect: Transportation) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Recognising that while Article 2a of GA#464 protects each member state's control "over their territorial airspace with regards to the movement of aircraft," it excludes "any World Assembly regulations regarding civilian aircraft protections" regardless of when those regulations may have been made,

Noting that while this exclusion was likely a good-faith attempt to prevent the target resolution from overriding GA#342 "Civilian Aircraft Accord," it does not prevent any future WA regulation of civilian aircraft that it would not be allowed to make in the target's absence, making it useless in these regards,

Rather confuzzled at Article 2b's declaration that "[a]ll aircraft registered under International Transport Safety Committee (ITSC) regulations shall have the right to fly in international airspace," even though no resolution has established a process by which an aircraft may be "registered" with the ITSC and GA#34 "International Transport Safety" already requires nearly all aircraft that uses international aerospace to follow ITSC standards, and

Hopeful that future resolutions seeking to protect national control of territorial aerospace will do so properly and robustly, rather than simply talk up the need for solutions that do not seriously materialise...

The General Assembly hereby repeals GA#464 "Protection of Airspace."

Votes For: 8 376 (76.0%)
Votes Against: 2 647 (24.0%)

Implemented Wed 23 Aug 2023

[GA 682 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

End Blood Sports [Struck out by GA 690]
A resolution to restrict civil freedoms in the interest of moral decency.

Category: Moral Decency
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Text: Aware that, with the loss of GA#498 "Ban on Forced Blood Sports," the World Assembly is once more at a loss on how to address the scourge of blood sports involving animals, and

Convinced that a renewed approach to blood sports will help reinforce its reputation as a truly international guardian of animal welfare...

The General Assembly hereby:

1. defines "blood sports" as any competitive activity not regulated by prior and standing WA law which aims towards the infliction of severe injury or death upon at least one of the sapients or non-sapients taking part,
2. forbids blood sports, except where all those taking part are sapients who have given their free and informed consent to taking part,
3. requires that no sapient be held in captivity without their consent for the purpose of any blood sport, regardless of when such captivity commenced,
4. demands that no person transport, sell, or purchase any sapient or non-sapient to, in or from a member state, where such action is aimed at making it participate in those blood sports in any circumstances where Article b forbids them from taking place, and
5. further requires that all non-sapients who are held in captivity for blood sport purposes be:
   
   1. kept in conditions where their basic needs are fulfilled before any of Articles e(ii-iv) are triggered, and either
   2. released as soon as possible in a manner that allows for them to live in their natural environment independently and without destroying it,
   3. released as soon as possible into an enclosed environment (such as a zoo) where they will be treated with the appropriate dignity, but only if following Article e(ii) is impossible within their lifetime, or
   4. euthanised with minimal possible force, but only as a last resort if following Articles e(ii) or e(iii) is impossible within their lifetime.

Votes For: 6 895 (53.0%)
Votes Against: 6 103 (47.0%)

Implemented Sun 27 Aug 2023

[GA 683 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Challenging Sexually Exploitative Recordings [Struck out by GA 689]
A resolution to restrict civil freedoms in the interest of moral decency.

Category: Moral Decency
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Text: Believing that everybody has a right to feel safe in their person, whether in public or in private,

Recognising, however, that tactics such as distributing revenge porn (the distribution of humilating and sexually explicit recordings of a person without their consent), upskirting and downblousing (two distinct acts in which sensitive parts of a person's body are similarly recorded for the sexual pleasure of strangers) are becoming more prominent in daily life, and

Convinced that these tactics violate the dignity of persons and should therefore be curtailed...

The General Assembly hereby:

1. defines "sexually exploitative recordings" as recordings of any person which exhibit that person in a sexual manner, are made or otherwise distributed without that person's consent, and are made with the intention that any other person should view them for their own sexual pleasure or to humiliate that person, and
2. requires all members to outlaw the making of, wilful distribution of, and threats to distribute sexually exploitative recordings to the fullest extent permitted under prior and standing international law, except where their distribution occurs in a judicial or policing context and is necessary to help convict a person of an offence defined in this Article.

Votes For: 8 260 (67.0%)
Votes Against: 4 070 (33.0%)

Implemented Thu 31 Aug 2023

[GA 684 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Countering Agroterrorism
A resolution to improve world security by boosting police and military budgets.

Category: International Security
Strength: Strong
Proposed by: Barfleur

Text: The World Assembly,

Conscious of the risks posed to sapient life by the deliberate targeting of food supplies for military or political purposes;

Reminding itself of prior resolutions governing the laws of war and the suppression of terrorism; and

Reaffirming its belief that war ought to be waged in a manner which avoids unnecessary civilian casualties,

Hereby enacts as follows:

1. General prohibition. No person or member nation may intentionally:
   
   1. disseminate any contagious disease among crops or livestock in a manner which:
      
      1. creates a substantial risk of death to one or more other persons; or
      2. deprives, or creates a substantial risk of depriving, any population or substantial section of the population of a source of food relied upon by that population;
   2. introduce any non-sapient invasive species to a region:
      
      1. with intent to cause major destruction to the natural ecosystem of that or another region;
      2. in a manner which creates a substantial risk of death to one or more other persons resulting from the characteristics of that species; or
      3. in a manner which deprives, or creates a substantial risk of depriving, any population or substantial section of the population of a source of food relied upon by that population,
      except that this subsection shall not apply to conduct performed by a member nation in respect of an ecosystem located wholly within another nation;
   3. damage or destroy facilities used for the purpose of producing, processing, or shipping food to a civilian population, except where such a facility is being used as a civilian shield in violation of international law;
   4. threaten to do any act described in subsections (a) through (c), where it appears that the person or nation making such a threat is willing and able to carry it out;
   5. attempt or conspire to do any act described in subsections (a) through (d).
2. Exceptions. Section 1 does not apply to any good-faith scientific experiment, provided that the person or nation conducting such experiment:
   
   1. informs all communities affected, or reasonably expected to be affected, by such experiment, of the nature thereof and of the measures taken to minimize risks;
   2. takes all reasonable precautions to ensure that, even if the experiment goes wrong to a significant degree, no community will suffer a substantial loss of food; and
   3. permits outside intervention in the case of an unforeseen error or outcome.
3. Enforcement. When a member nation discovers that one or more persons subject to its jurisdiction is violating or intends to violate section 1, it shall with appropriate haste:
   
   1. inform the World Health Authority and every other nation (including territorial subdivisions) affected or likely to be affected; and
   2. take all reasonably necessary action against such person or persons.
4. Ensuring food security. The World Health Authority shall:
   
   1. work with member nations to identify ways in which acts prohibited under section 1 can adversely affect food supplies;
   2. create and update as needed a program for the purposes of:
      
      1. minimizing the risks of such acts to food supplies;
      2. ensuring that, in the case of any such act being carried out, member nation populations will not suffer losses of food; and
      3. assisting in the efficient movement of food between member nations; and
   3. when informed under section 3(a), provide specific assistance to the nation or nations affected, as needed, to minimize the risks posed to sapient life and to the environment.

Votes For: 8 832 (72.1%)
Votes Against: 3 412 (27.9%)

Implemented Mon 4 Sep 2023

[GA 685 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Identity Documents Issuance
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Noting that some WA states require the use of documents to identify individuals, in routine domestic transactions such as those with a government or with financial institutions (to decide on eligibility for payments, applying for bank accounts, cashing cheques, employment and other matters);

Concerned that such documents may require a fee for issuance, which disadvantages those least able to afford such fees, and impede their access to government payments and services that may require such documents;

1. Hereby defines:
   
   1. ”Inhabitant(s)” to mean anyone who is:
      
      1. physically in a WA state, and;
      2. who also meets at least one of the criteria below:
         
         1. a citizen of the WA state;
         2. a resident or long-term visitor of the WA state, permanently or temporarily, pursuant to the laws of that WA state;
         3. an applicant for asylum or refugee or protected status, or anyone holding such status;
         4. anyone who purports to be stateless; or
         5. anyone else entitled to IDs pursuant to that WA state’s laws;
   2. "IDs" to mean one or more documents stating an inhabitant’s identity such as, merely as examples, identity cards and household registrations, provided that:
      
      1. such IDs must contain such information routinely needed for an inhabitant to handle the domestic affairs of that WA state, such as, merely as examples, the following:
         
         1. the full legal name;
         2. date and place of birth;
         3. residency and/or citizenship status;
         4. full residential address;
         5. full likeness of the inhabitant;
      2. such IDs may be in physical, electronic or other forms depending on the technology levels of that WA state;
         
      3. the sole requirement for issuing such IDs is for anyone to meet the criteria of being an inhabitant of that WA state;
2. Hereby requires, subject to extant WA resolutions:
   
   1. A competent authority of a WA state is to provide IDs to all inhabitants of that WA state upon request by that inhabitant for free, as soon as reasonably practicable, and may not charge any fee(s) for:
      
      1. applying for;
      2. verifying;
      3. processing;
      4. issuing;
      5. replacing such IDs, including those lost, stolen or damaged; or
      6. delivery of such IDs;
   2. IDs may be issued by a competent authority at the national level of government of a WA state, or at sub-national levels, or delegated to any entit(ies) that the said WA state deems fit;
   3. IDs validly issued by a WA state must be deemed valid and sufficient for all domestic affairs of that WA state, where proof of identity is required, including (but not limited to) all governmental, financial or business affairs;
   4. A WA state may not deny issuing IDs to an inhabitant on the grounds that some information, such as, merely as examples, date of birth or place of birth, may not be verifiable due to circumstances beyond the reasonable control of that inhabitant;
   5. A WA state shall make it as convenient as reasonably practicable for an individual to obtain IDs, and without separately charging for such means, for individuals that may be disadvantaged for any reason, such as, merely as examples:
      
      1. lacking literacy and/or language skills;
      2. physical limitations;
      3. mental acuity and/or capacity, subject to clause 2(f);
   6. A legal parent and/or legal guardian may, voluntarily, apply for and receive IDs on behalf of an inhabitant below the age of majority or lacking the mental capacity and/or legal competence to make such an application;
   7. A WA state may not deny issuing IDs to an inhabitant of that WA state on the grounds of that inhabitant holding IDs from another WA state, or other similar instruments from a non-WA state;
   8. IDs validly issued by a WA state must be deemed valid and sufficient for identification purposes by all agencies and committees of the WA;
3. Hereby clarifies that this resolution does not interfere with a WA state's rights and qualifications, subject to extant WA resolutions, in:
   
   1. formulating its own citizenship and immigration policies;
   2. domestic affairs reserved as the prerogative of individual WA states;
   3. controlling its borders;
   4. issuing documents other than IDs, such as driving licenses;
   5. making it an offence for fraudulent applications and use of IDs (including fraudulent reporting of loss or stolen IDs), or imposing penalties for such offences if convicted.

Co-author: Imperium Anglorum

Votes For: 9 508 (79.1%)
Votes Against: 2 517 (20.9%)

Implemented Tue 12 Sep 2023

[GA 686 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Star Gazing Day [Struck out by GA 701]
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: All Businesses - Mild
Proposed by: Namwenia

Text: Recognizing artificial light pollution as the presence of unwanted, inappropriate, or excessive artificial lighting directly resulting from most modern, industrialized societies;

Acknowledging that excessive artificial light pollution minimizes the visibility of celestial objects such as neighboring planets, moons, or stars;

Noting that gazing into the night sky is an ancient tradition from time immemorial universally acknowledged by nearly all sapient cultures;

Therefore, the following shall be enacted:

1. The date following the approval of this proposal, as determined by the calendars widely accepted in each member state, shall henceforth be known as Star Gazing Day.
   
   
2. The World Assembly urges member states to minimize artificial light usage, except wherever necessary, beginning at sundown on Star Gazing Day.
   
   
3. The World Assembly further encourages sapient citizens of member states to take time during the evening on Star Gazing Day to look out into the sky and enjoy the splendor of the heavens.
   
   
4. If there are existing regional, national, or local holidays that occur concurrently with the date selected for Star Gazing Day in a member state, the World Assembly encourages member states' celebration of the spirit of Star Gazing Day on a separate, nearby date.

Co-author: Dixionconderoga

Votes For: 7 936 (55.3%)
Votes Against: 6 408 (44.7%)

Implemented Sat 16 Sep 2023

[GA 687 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Bail Conditions Arrangements
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Legal Reform
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Noting that the right to a fair trial and due process have been long-standing concerns for the WA;

Recognizing that no regulations govern bail arrangements, especially excessive cash bail that discriminates against the poor;

1. Hereby defines:
   
   1. “Bail” to mean conditions imposed on the conduct of a suspect in return for releasing a suspect from custody prior to a hearing, such as, in order of severity:
      
      1. own recognizance;
      2. restrictions of conduct, such as, merely as examples, curfews or confinement to particular residence(s) or workplace(s);
      3. the pledge of cash or items of monetary value ("cash bail") which may be forfeited if a suspect fails to return to court;
   2. “Charges” to mean the offences for which a suspect has been duly charged with;
   3. “Court” to mean a competent judicial body adjudicating on criminal matters in the WA state ("that WA state") where the suspect is facing the charges;
   4. “Hearing” to mean a court hearing, including pre-trial proceedings, trials, and appeals;
   5. “Suspect” to mean any individual facing charges, or who has been convicted but has not exhausted all appeals, according to the judicial process of that WA state;
2. Hereby requires that a suspect may not be denied bail by a court unless:
   
   1. the suspect is found to have a prima facie case to answer or is duly indicted; and
   2. the suspect is charged with a "serious" criminal offence as defined by the laws of that WA state; and
   3. the suspect satisfies at least one of the conditions in the following sub-clauses:
      
      1. The suspect is deemed by the court to be:
         
         1. hostis humani generis;
         2. charged by that WA state with an offence pursuant to aut dedere aut judicare; or
         3. at extreme risk of:
            
            1. absconding;
            2. self-harm;
            3. endangering the safety or welfare of anyone else; or
      2. The suspect has a demonstrable track record of:
         
         1. repeatedly failing to meet all conditions of bail determined by a court; or
         2. attempt(s) to interfering with witnesses or otherwise obstructing the course of justice;
3. Hereby requires a court to consider imposing bail conditions other than cash bail only if less severe alternatives are deemed grossly inadequate for the purpose of bail and solely as an alternative to not granting bail altogether;
   
   
4. Hereby requires a court, if it decides to impose cash bail, to:
   
   1. Ensure that it is used only if the court deems the suspect to be extremely likely to abscond and has the means and incentives to do so; and
   2. Satisfy itself that the amount of cash bail should reflect the financial circumstances of the suspect; and
      
      1. likely for the suspect to raise such funds without facing financial ruin; and
      2. not exceeding the maximum penalty and/or restitution required if the suspect is convicted and all appeals exhausted;
   3. Inform the suspect of the cheapest means to raise such funds, such as (as an example) through charities, if that WA state permits cash bail and permits funds to be raised via commercial means;
      
   4. Inform the suspect, if the suspect is a citizen of another state, to potentially seek assistance from that other state to help fund the cash bail;
5. If a suspect that utilized commercial means to raise funds for bail is acquitted (or vacated) of the offence(s), the full commercial cost of the bail should be compensated for;
   
   
6. Hereby directs a court:
   
   1. To apply leniency in granting bail towards anyone charged for a first-time alleged offence, or for crimes that are not violent in nature;
   2. To not revoke bail unless due to extreme changes in circumstances, such as (merely as an example) if the suspect is duly convicted of another offence when out on bail;
7. Hereby deems it an offence for anyone:
   
   1. In a capacity as law enforcement officer or as a prosecutor to offer bail conditions as part of a plea-bargain;
   2. To coerce or entice a suspect into declining to apply for bail;
8. Hereby clarifies that this resolution does not:
   
   1. Prohibit a suspect from voluntarily declining to apply for bail for any reason;
   2. Prohibit a WA state from restricting or banning cash bail (or commercial forms of cash bail) altogether;
   3. Interfere with a court's decision not to grant bail altogether;
9. The judiciary of that WA state is responsible for interpretation of this resolution.

Votes For: 8 195 (65.2%)
Votes Against: 4 375 (34.8%)

Implemented Wed 20 Sep 2023

[GA 688 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Challenging Sexually Exploitative Recordings"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #684
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Description: General Assembly Resolution #684 "Challenging Sexually Exploitative Recordings" (Category: Moral Decency, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Expressing its disgust in activities cited in the target resolution, namely the distribution of "revenge pornography", "upskirting" and "downblousing";

Acknowledging the purported intent of the target resolution to "challenge" such activities;

However, dismayed that the resolution contains significant loopholes that impede implementing this resolution, and, in some cases, potentially impeding anyone seeking redress for such activities;

In particular, aghast that operating clause two's very specifically wording requiring all WA states to "to outlaw... wilful distribution of, and threats to distribute [said] recordings" and the very narrow exception "where their distribution occurs in a judicial or policing context and is necessary to help convict a person of an offence defined in this Article" means that:

1. evidence drawn from such recordings cannot be used in other criminal cases (outside of those "defined in this Article"), even if the cases more serious in nature, such as, merely as examples, domestic abuse or murder;
   
   
2. the aforesaid evidence also cannot be used in settings such as administrative procedures, arbitration and mediation proceedings, and also cannot be used in civil proceedings in court (such as, merely as examples, civil cases for recovering damages for emotional distress and trauma), thus defeating much the purpose of this resolution;

Looking forward to a well-written resolution to address this topic in due course;

Hereby repeals the target resolution, "Challenging Sexually Exploitative Recordings".

Co-author: Wallenburg

Votes For: 11 029 (91.1%)
Votes Against: 1 080 (8.9%)

Implemented Sun 24 Sep 2023

[GA 689 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "End Blood Sports"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #683
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Description: General Assembly Resolution #683 "End Blood Sports" (Category: Moral Decency, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Believing that the definition of "blood sport" in the target resolution as a "competitive activity" excludes the morally questionable practice of inflicting violence on animals for entertainment without competitive aspect,

Concerned that the target resolution's continuation on the books precludes a cohesive replacement to fix that exclusion and of the sort that certain factions in the Assembly believe is desirable, and

Registering complaints for the record as to the largely unnecessary, duplicative, and dubious character of and surrounding recent legislation on this topic, hereby

Repeals GA 683 "End Blood Sports".

Co-author: Imperium Anglorum

Votes For: 10 295 (84.2%)
Votes Against: 1 925 (15.8%)

Implemented Thu 28 Sep 2023

[GA 690 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Cannibalism Act
A resolution to restrict civil freedoms in the interest of moral decency.

Category: Moral Decency
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Text: Believing the non-consensual consumption of a person's body to be a violation of their dignity; and

Seeking to thus restrict cannibalism to ensure a minimum standard of consensuality and transparency in the practice, whilst permitting member nations to still proscribe cannibalism wholesale within their jurisdiction;

The World Assembly enacts as follows.

1. Definitions. The following provisions must be followed in interpretation of this resolution.
   
   
   1. "Person-sourced meat" refers to organs or tissues originating from a natural person or any meat derived therefrom, where produced, distributed, or otherwise used for the purpose of consumption as food.
      
      
      1. Personhood for the purpose of this definition shall be decided by the jurisdiction in which the meat is produced, subject to any exclusions or inclusions specified by section 1a.ii or other World Assembly law.
         
         
      2. In this resolution, "natural person" excludes supernatural entities or deities.
   2. "Cannibalism" refers to the act of knowingly and wilfully consuming person-sourced meat, regardless of whether the individual from whom the meat is sourced is alive at the time of consumption.
      
      
   3. "Entities" includes individuals.
2. Production. Person-sourced meat may not be produced absent the affirmative and notarised written consent of every person from whom it was produced.
   
   
   1. Any act of homicide or bodily harm committed with the intent of producing person-sourced meat in a manner violating this section shall be prosecuted to the fullest extent possible as homicide or battery (or charges to the same end).
      
      
   2. Consent for production of such meat is not required only if (i) such meat is produced for immediate consumption as food where such consumption is absolutely necessary to prevent starvation of the consumer in a current or imminent emergency and (ii) no act of bodily harm or homicide was performed for the purpose of producing such meat.
3. Consent. Individuals possess the right to withdraw section 2 consent, limit section 2 consent to specific organs or tissues, and determine whether such consent shall be limited to while they are alive or after their death. Consent is void if obtained by coercion, as a result of external material incentives, or without the consenter's full awareness of what they are consenting to.
   
   
4. Distribution. No entity may provide person-sourced meat to another entity without having clearly informed the recipient of the nature of such meat as person-sourced. Any entity providing person-sourced meat to another entity must retain proof of section 2 consent, including the original written consent where possible, and provide it to competent authorities as well as the recipient of such meat on demand.
   
   
5. Trade restrictions. Every member nation must prohibit all international trade and transshipment of person-sourced meat not compliant with this resolution, regardless of whether such meat is produced within World Assembly jurisdiction. A member nation shall be liable under this section if that nation chooses to allow violation of this section within its jurisdiction.
   
   
6. Blocker. The World Assembly disclaims all authority to impose additional restrictions on cannibalism or person-sourced meat, excepting restrictions limited to the scope of
   
   
   1. informing individuals about the health and other risks of cannibalism;
      
      
   2. restricting the distribution of person-sourced meat likely to contain, or not tested for, or is not tested for, any contaminant, prion, or other substance which would pose a significant health risk to the intended or final consumer; or
      
      
   3. restricting consumption or distribution of person-sourced meats produced in a manner violating section 2.
7. Contradiction. If a provision of this resolution contradicts some past World Assembly resolution still in force, that past resolution takes precedence.

Co-authors: States of Glory WA Office, Imperium Anglorum

Votes for: 8 635 (65.86 pc)
Votes against: 4 477 (34.14 pc)

Implemented Tue 3 Oct 2023

[GA 691 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Ban on Revenge Porn
A resolution to restrict civil freedoms in the interest of moral decency.

Category: Moral Decency
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Text: Believing that everybody has a right to feel safe in their person, whether in public or in private, and

Reaffirming that revenge porn - the distribution of humiliating and sexually explicit recordings of a person without their consent - and similar activities violate the safety of persons and should therefore be curtailed...

The General Assembly hereby:

1. defines "sexually exploitative recordings" as images, recordings or other media (hereinafter "recordings") of any person which exhibit that person in a sexual manner, and which are made or otherwise distributed without that person's ongoing consent and with the intention that any other person should view them for their own sexual pleasure or to humiliate the recorded person at any point, and
   
   
2. requires all members to outlaw the making of, wilful distribution of, and threats to distribute sexually exploitative recordings to the fullest extent permitted under prior and standing international law, except where their distribution occurs in an arbitral, judicial or policing context and is necessary to help show that a person has committed an act which can be punished by the relevant dispute resolution venue.

Votes For: 9 984 (73.9%)
Votes Against: 3 529 (26.1%)

Implemented Tue 10 Oct 2023

[GA 692 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Forced Blood Sport Eradication Act
A resolution to restrict civil freedoms in the interest of moral decency.

Category: Moral Decency
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: The Ice States

Text: Whereas forced blood sports are, by their nature, inherently cruel both towards both sapients and non-sapients taking part, and should thus only occur with the consent of participants; and

Whereas member nations should also prevent trade of blood sport participants to other nations, as such trade merely facilitates cruelty in other jurisdicitions which this body lacks the authority to directly prohibit blood sports in;

The World Assembly enacts as follows, subject to relevant past World Assembly law still in force.

1. The following provisions must be applied in interpretation of this resolution.
   
   
   1. A "forced blood sport" is an event intended to entertain a person or group thereof where
      
      
      1. a participant intends or is likely to inflict death or severe injury on any sapient or non-sapient being (who, for the purposes of this resolution, shall also be considered a participant in the event); and
         
         
      2. any of the participants are not sapients who have provided consent to the event.
      Hunting for sapient consumption shall not be considered a forced blood sport for the purpose of this resolution.
      
      
   2. "Consent" refers to free and informed consent from a person, which that person may freely withdraw at any time. Consent shall be considered invalid should that person be mentally incompetent or of such age as to be unable to give informed consent.
2. No forced blood sport may take place within World Assembly jurisdiction. Nor may any person be held in captivity without their consent for the purpose of any forced blood sport, regardless of when such captivity commenced.
   
   
3. No person or non-sapient animal may be transported from, into, or within a member nation for the purpose of their participation in any forced blood sport. Nor may any entity under World Assembly jurisdiction sell or purchase a person or non-sapient animal for the purpose of that person or animal's participation in a forced blood sport. Both provisions of this Section may only be waived upon the positive consent of that person.
   
   
4. No entity under World Assembly jurisdiction may arrange or solicit any transport violating Section 3. Nor may such an entity wilfully supply a person or non-sapient animal for the purpose of transport of the nature prohibited by Section 3.
   
   
5. Any non-sapient animal held in captivity for the purpose of a blood sport must be:
   
   
   1. kept in conditions where their basic needs are fulfilled before any of Sections 5b-5d are triggered; and either
      
      
   2. released as soon as possible in a manner that allows for the animal to live in their natural environment independently and without harming it;
      
      
   3. released as soon as possible into an enclosed environment where the animal will be treated with the appropriate dignity, but only until invoking Section 5b becomes possible; or
      
      
   4. euthanised in a manner which causes minimal pain and suffering to the animal, but only as a last resort if following Sections 5b or 5c is impossible within the animal's lifetime.

Co-author: Tinhampton

Votes For: 7 000 (52.3%)
Votes Against: 6 384 (47.7%)

Implemented Sat 14 Oct 2023

[GA 693 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Recognising Achievements Act"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #146
Proposed by: Mark

Description: General Assembly Resolution #146 "Recognising Achievements Act" (Category: Free Trade, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Recognising the importance of the issues which the resolution aimed to address, namely ensuring the recognition of academic qualifications across the world;

Believing that academic achievements and qualifications must be vetted only by institutions of the highest quality;

Highlighting the importance of a well-educated workforce and the resultant effect on livelihoods and wider economy;

Hereby repeals General Assembly Resolution #146, "Recognising Achievements Act" for the following reasons:

1. The resolution does not ensure parity of treatment of potential applicants; applicants can apply to any number of “national or supranational” organisations, resultantly conflicting judgements on the parity of educational qualifications could occur.
   
   
2. Currently, the resolution fails to determine how “institutes of accreditation” will determine the validity of academic achievement; potentially unknowledgeable entities could determine the quality and experience of the workforce resulting in a detrimental effect on the populace and the economy of member nations.
   
   
3. This resolution fails to grant applicants recourse to appeal determinations on qualifications, working contrary to the aims of the resolution.
   
   
4. The current process is open to exploitation from foreign powers who could potentially wish to accredit their courses whilst not ensuring parity of education, this fundamentally undermines the goals of this resolution and could detrimentally affect a member nation.

Votes For: 11 893 (92.7%)
Votes Against: 934 (7.3%)

Implemented Sun 22 Oct 2023

[GA 694 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]