Passed General Assembly Resolutions

[Imperium Anglorum]

Military Death Penalty Ban
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: Qvait

Text: Recognizing the utility of GA#535 "Death Penalty Ban" in abolishing its application under most circumstances,

Concerned that the remaining applications of the death penalty are injurious and inhumane to people who are sentenced to death for crimes they may not have even committed,

Convinced that the death penalty is a draconian judicial punishment often used in the name of revenge and wrongfully rationalized as justice,

Appalled that exceptions can be made in the application of the death penalty,

Confident that alternative sentencing exists to produce fair and effective justice for victims of heinous crimes,

Determined to discontinue all remaining uses of the death penalty,

The World Assembly hereby,

1. Abolishes the death penalty for all crimes under the purview of military law;
2. Prohibits states from deporting persons to states that may seek the application of the death penalty against them;
3. In regards to Article 2, an exception shall be provided for receiving states that enter into a lawful, written contract that assures the extraditing state that the persons in question shall not receive the death penalty.

Votes For: 9 044 (60.2%)
Votes Against: 5 971 (39.8%)

Implemented Sun 28 Mar 2021

[GA 545 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Blood Donation Safety and Equality Act
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Crowheim

Text: Lauding previous efforts by the World Assembly to both increase the efficiency of the blood donation process and increase the rights of minorities,

Recognizing that some restrictions exist upon certain minority groups, those of which are often not based in peer-reviewed science, and that beyond the obvious bigotry, they have a negative impact on the amount of blood that is able to be donated, meaning less people can receive the medical treatment that they may need, and that scientific developments have largely mitigated any risk that these restrictions may have once been based upon,

The General Assembly hereby enacts the following:

No restrictions may be placed upon the ability of a person to voluntarily donate blood based solely upon their race, religion, nationality, sexual orientation, gender identity, or any other reductive or arbitrary characteristic.

If the safety of the recipients of donated blood is the reason given for a restriction on blood donations, the standards of safety must be applied equally to all donors.

A person may be prohibited from donating blood if there are notable risks to the donor's health involved in the process of blood donation or their blood would pose a health risk to the recipient.

If a prospective blood donor knows or suspects that they are a carrier for a blood-borne illness they can be prohibited from donating blood, and it shall be considered a criminal offense to knowingly attempt to donate unsafe blood.

Existing scientific committees created by this body shall be utilized to share information related to blood-borne illnesses and blood donation across member states, as to mitigate any risk of contaminated blood.

Votes For: 11 380 (72.4%)
Votes Against: 4 344 (27.6%)

Implemented Thu 1 Apr 2021

[GA 546 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Digital Network Defense"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #378
Proposed by: Saint Tomas and the Northern Ice Islands

Description: General Assembly Resolution #378 "Digital Network Defense" (Category: International Security, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Observing this assembly’s dedication to protecting the privacy of the various citizens of World Assembly member nations, through resolutions such as “Data Protection Accord”, “Privacy Protection Act” and “Right to Secure Digital Communication”;

Concerned by the total lack of respect for personal privacy by “Digital Network Defense”, codifying the right of member nations to monitor their citizens’ digital footprint and allowing them to easily justify such an invasion of privacy by saying it was to monitor digital security threats, and by blocking future legislation from restricting their ability to do so; and

Realising that in order to restrict member nations from invading personal privacy willy-nilly through World Assembly legislation, “Digital Network Defence” must be repealed; hereby

Repeals “Digital Network Defense”.


Votes For: 11 964 (81.3%)
Votes Against: 2 753 (18.7%)

Implemented Mon 5 Apr 2021

[GA 547 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Reducing Microplastics
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: All Businesses - Strong
Proposed by: Scalizagasti

Text: The General Assembly,

Noting that microplastics can cause adverse health effects to organic life, both physically and chemically,

Concerned by the increasing prevalence of microplastics in water sources, the ground, food, and the atmosphere, especially considering the ability of said microplastics to remain in those environments for centuries,

Recognizing the purposeful and unnecessary inclusion of microplastics in many products, such as plastic microbeads in cosmetics,

Further recognizing that microplastics are released into the environment unintentionally through microfibre textiles, the breakdown of regular plastics, and more,

Desiring a targeted resolution to prevent the further proliferation of microplastics in the environment to protect health, safety, and the ecosystem alike,

Hereby:

1. Defines “microplastics” as plastics and plastic fragments smaller than 5 millimeters in diameter along the longest length of the particle, which cannot fully biodegrade in water,
   
   
2. Tasks the WA Scientific Programme (WASP) with
   
   
   1. Collecting microplastic pollution data in the atmosphere and bodies of water outside of national borders,
      
      
   2. Aggregating and analyzing microplastic pollution data using information gathered by and shared between both member states and WASP itself,
      
      
   3. Research into the most effective measures that member states, non-governmental organizations, and individuals can take to reduce microplastic pollution,
      
      
   4. Communicating these measures to both governments and other non-governmental organizations,
      
      
   5. Coordinating further research into microplastic pollution with member states upon request,
3. Prohibits the manufacturing and sale of products that contain purposefully-added microplastic particles with an exception for
   
   
   1. Medication and other medical products for use inside the body,
      
      
   2. Plastic nurdles that will be turned into larger plastics during the manufacturing/production of plastics,
4. Mandates that member states:
   
   
   1. Ensure that wastewater treatment plants include processes that are known to significantly reduce microplastic concentrations in water during operation based on WASP recommendations and their own internal research, such as membrane bioreactor treating and rapid sand filtering,
      
      
   2. Implement the most effective measures to combat other known sources of microplastic runoff into the environment based on WASP recommendations and their own internal research, such as mandating filtration in laundry machines to reduce runoff from synthetic fibre clothing,
      
      
   3. Establish legal frameworks that plastic producers and manufacturers must follow to minimize accidental nurdle pollution, reduce the risk of nurdle spills, and mitigate the effects of spills when they do occur,
      
      
   4. Organize educational campaigns and curricula reforms to inform their citizens of the prevalence of microplastics and ways in which individuals can alter consumer behaviour to reduce microplastic pollution,
      
      
   5. Track microplastic pollution within their borders to the best of their ability, sharing the gathered data with WASP and using it wherever possible to inform future policy decisions,
5. Urges member states to take additional steps to reduce the general consumption of non-biodegradable plastic through measures including, but not limited to:
   
   
   1. Preventing wasteful plastic packaging (e.g. ‘double packaging’),
      
      
   2. Eliminating single-use plastics where feasible,
      
      
   3. Researching and developing plastics which can safely biodegrade in water without leaving toxic remains or turning into microplastics,
      
      
   4. Promoting other biodegradable alternatives to plastic, and
      
      
   5. Promoting and expanding the recycling of products which contain plastics in part or in whole.

Votes For: 13 573 (88.2%)
Votes Against: 1 809 (11.8%)

Implemented Fri 9 Apr 2021

[GA 548 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Voting Equality for Freed Inmates"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #419
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Description: General Assembly Resolution #419 "Voting Equality for Freed Inmates" (Category: Furtherment of Democracy, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Deeply concerned that Article 3 of GA#419 prevents this august body from requiring member states to guarantee "enfranchisement for individuals under incarceration," hence implicitly allowing them to deny such individuals the right to partake in the democratic process as equals, and

Noting that this state of affairs cannot change, nor can a new resolution which strikes down all barriers to voting based merely on one's prior or current imprisonment be enacted, unless GA#419 is repealed...

The General Assembly hereby repeals GA#419 "Voting Equality for Freed Inmates."

Votes For: 8 884 (61.3%)
Votes Against: 5 602 (38.7%)

Implemented Tue 13 Apr 2021

[GA 549 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Freedom of Association
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: Boston Castle

Text: The World Assembly,

Cognizant of the many foundational freedoms previously guaranteed by this Assembly such as freedom of the press and freedom of assembly,

Recognizing that while these fundamental freedoms are guaranteed that there is a third pillar of fundamental freedoms in freedom of affiliation that is not,

Believing that no nation should enact criminal penalties for affiliating with an organisation not involved in the commission of a crime, hereby enacts the following subject to prior, extant World Assembly legislation:

1. Governments must allow citizens to associate with any organisation of their choosing.
   
   1. Freedom of association with an organisation is subject to the organisation in question allowing such association.
   2. An organisation may have criminal penalties attached for association with it on the basis that it actively undermines national security, directs its members to violate national criminal law, includes the commission of crimes among its goals or activities, or spreads, or intends to spread, a message of hate directed toward a specific group.

Votes For: 10 882 (72.1%)
Votes Against: 4 209 (27.9%)

Implemented Sat 17 Apr 2021

[GA 550 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "On Abortion"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #128
Proposed by: Wallenburg

Description: General Assembly Resolution #128 "On Abortion" (Category: Civil Rights, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Unequivocally celebrating the commitment of this body to reproductive rights,

Determined to further this goal by the removal of laws which hinder the access patients have to reproductive care,

Noting that GAR #128 requires all abortion physicians to meet the same qualifications as surgeons and receive a degree of training equitable to that of surgeons, despite the vast majority of abortions not requiring any surgery,

Also noting that GAR #128 allows physicians to neglect their professional duties out of moral objection to abortion, a privilege not guaranteed concerning any other medical procedure,

Concerned that these terms obstruct the ability of pregnant individuals to access the reproductive care guaranteed to them under World Assembly law,

Confident that the political will of member nations and resolutions GAR #29 "Patient's Rights Act", GAR #286 "Reproductive Freedoms", GAR #499 "Access to Abortion", and GAR #523 "Patient Travel Freedoms" provide for the guarantee of reproductive freedom to all individuals under the jurisdiction of member states,

Resolved that the duplicate protections in GAR #128 do not outweigh the compromises it makes to the opponents of reproductive freedoms,

The World Assembly hereby repeals GAR #128 "On Abortion".

Votes For: 12 186 (87.1%)
Votes Against: 1 806 (12.9%)

Implemented Sun 25 Apr 2021

[GA 551 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Citizenship and Birth Act
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: South St Maarten

Text: The World Assembly,

Affirming that all children should be granted the privilege of citizenship in a nation at birth,

Further Affirming that children, at birth, should not be deemed stateless due to the location of their birth,

Understanding that the location and time at which the birth of a child occurs occurs is natural and unpredictable,

Realizing that children are intermittently born in a nation that their parents are neither citizens nor residents of, or in which they are residents but not citizens,

Concerned that no legislation currently exists regarding the citizenship of such children,

Dismayed that, while this body has already acted to prevent member states from arbitrarily making their citizens stateless through GA#386 "Reducing Statelessness", it has never legislated to protect the citizenships of children who would otherwise be born stateless in the first place, and

Concluding that this oversight must be addressed in the form of international legislation, hereby enacts as follows:

1. In this resolution,
   
   
   1. Jus sanguinis refers to a nationality law in which citizenship is determined by the citizenship of the biological parent(s).
      
      
   2. Age of majority shall be defined as an age, set by each individual member nation, where a child takes on the full responsibilities of adulthood and furthermore assumes legal control over their actions and decisions.
2. In such cases where an individual would otherwise be stateless, in following jus sanguinis, all children of citizens of member nations shall be granted citizenship in all nations in which their parent(s) are citizens, regardless of their location of birth.
   
   
3. Nations with laws that prohibit citizenships other than their own being held by any of their citizens must not enforce such laws against these citizens until they reach the age of majority.
   
   
4. All children shall receive their citizenship(s) at birth and must retain them in perpetuity, unless they are revoked in accordance with procedures outlined in national or international law, voluntarily renounced, or terminated in accordance with Article 5.
   
   
5. If one of the multiple citizenships of a person has been passed down more than three generations without any of those generations living in that nation, the relevant nation may terminate that person's citizenship when they reach the age of majority.

Votes For: 12 609 (84.8%)
Votes Against: 2 266 (15.2%)

Implemented Thu 29 Apr 2021

[GA 552 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Protecting Native Prairies and Grasslands [Struck out by GA 556]
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: All Businesses - Mild
Proposed by: Big Boyz

Text: The World Assembly,

Recognizing the importance of high-quality habitats in the protection of ecosystems;

Perceiving that tall grass prairies play an important ecological function by filtering pesticides, nutrients, and bacteria from agricultural runoff, as well as preventing soil erosion by establishing deep root systems;

Noticing that tall grass prairies support a wide range of biodiversity, often including plant, insect, large mammal, and prominent keystone species that may not be present in other ecosystems;

Noting that tall grass prairies are often desirable for conversion to agricultural purposes, due to high nutrient levels in the soil, moderate levels of rainfall, and a lack of trees;

Lamenting that only a tiny fraction of tall grass prairies remain today;

Observing that, in many WA member nations, the conversion of land for agriculture has severely decreased the abundance of tall grass prairies, leading to a reduction in biodiversity among pollinators;

Troubled that a lack of biodiversity among pollinators may be detrimental to agriculture by creating, in many cases, an unstable 1 to 1 relationship between crop yield and a single pollinator species, potentially collapsing the agricultural industry of some nations, should the pollinator become extinct; and

Concerned that failing to protect native prairies will lead to the extinction of several currently endangered species, many of which rely heavily on tall grass prairies;

Hereby:

1. Defines for the purposes of this resolution:
   
   1. ‘tall grass prairie’ as a biome featuring the dominance of tall grass species, averaging greater than 1.5 meters in height, moderate levels of annual rainfall, and the presence of periodic wildfires, with period between combustion exceeding 1 year, but not more than 20 years, to prevent the encroachment of saplings and invasive plant species;
      
   2. ‘pollinators’ as species that frequently spread pollen between the male and female components of a plant species, allowing said plants to fertilize the female ovules for reproduction; and
      
   3. ‘land development’ as any sapient activity which alters a landscape from its naturally occurring form and does not allow the landscape to recover to its naturally occurring form within a period of 5 years (e.g. does not include controlled burns);
2. Tasks the World Assembly Science Program (WASP) with the following:
   
   1. researching the historical prevalence of tall grass prairies in all WA member nations;
      
   2. determining the impact that agriculture and land development has had on the decline of tall grass prairies and the loss of pollinators in all WA member nations;
      
   3. performing ecological surveys to assess the feasibility of restoring tall grass prairies in nations with significantly diminished tall grass prairie ranges;
      
   4. researching methods and creating guidelines for maintaining tall grass prairies in areas where periodic controlled burns have the potential to be ecologically damaging;
      
   5. communicating their findings with all WA member nations; and
      
   6. assisting member nations in conducting independent research into native tall grass prairies when adequate resources are lacking;
3. Mandates that all member nations:
   
   1. determine areas where tall grass prairies currently exist within their borders;
      
   2. conduct environmental impact studies to determine the effect of any land development within 5 kilometers of areas recognized as containing tall grass prairies;
      
   3. share raw data on all research pertaining to tall grass prairies with the WASP;
      
   4. maintain current tall grass prairies by:
      
      1. performing periodic controlled burns when it is ecologically in the best interest of the prairie and the surrounding area and unlikely to lead to the development of a wildfire, or else following the guidance set forth by the WASP in clause 2d;
         
      2. preventing land development for any purpose in tall grass prairies;
         
      3. preventing human activities that have been found to be detrimental to the ecosystem, according to clause 3b, in the areas surrounding tall grass prairies; and
   5. record all native multicellular species found to exist within a tall grass prairie, and collect seed samples from all native prairie plants; and
4. Strongly Recommends that member nations:
   
   1. work to restore and maintain tall grass prairies in all ecologically feasible areas, as determined by the findings of the WASP;
      
   2. create economic incentives for private entities to restore and maintain tall grass prairies when direct government action is infeasible; and
      
   3. research methods of reducing land use and pollution associated with agriculture.

Votes For: 9 280 (64.5%)
Votes Against: 5 116 (35.5%)

Implemented Fri 7 May 2021

[GA 553 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Safety and Integrity In Conflict Journalism [Struck out by GA 591]
A resolution to promote funding and the development of education and the arts.

Category: Education and Creativity
Area of Effect: Free Press
Proposed by: Refuge Isle

Text: The General Assembly,

Observing that, in times of unrest, a scrutinising media provides a safety net for civilians in conflict's path, not only by keeping them apprised of dangers, but by holding leaders accountable for what atrocities might otherwise be concealed,

Recognising that, while operating in close proximity to a conflict zone is perilous, a journalist's actions may be the only mechanism by which news of happenings may be returned to international authorities,

Aware that conflict journalists face dangers beyond battlefield hazards, including being specifically targeted for arrest, kidnapping, and murder by belligerent factions or even their own government,

Resolved that it falls to the World Assembly to establish specific provisions which protect these journalists, safeguard their vital function, and assist in providing reports of non-compliance with international law,

May it be enacted that this chamber:

1. Defines within this resolution:
   
   1. a "conflict zone" as a battlefield, combat area, or zone where military-grade equipment is deployed to defeat, rout, or suppress opposing forces.
   2. a "conflict journalist" as a reporter or a reporter's technical assistant, operating independent of any belligerent faction, and employed in providing journalism from an ongoing conflict zone or its immediate surrounding area.
   3. an "act of espionage" as the clandestine gathering, reporting, or delivery of information for the purposes of benefiting one or more belligerent factions, except to uphold international law.
   4. an "act of warfare" to be any of the following:
      
      1. The capturing or killing of combatants.
      2. The intentional damage or destruction of equipment or vehicles deployed to the conflict.
      3. The transportation of personnel or supplies for a party of the conflict.
2. Declares that conflict journalists:
   
   1. are classified as civilian non-combatants of a protected status.
   2. are permitted to carry out any journalism that is not an act of espionage from or near a conflict zone.
   3. are prohibited from carrying, operating, or transporting weaponry in a conflict zone.
   4. are prohibited from hiring or otherwise soliciting the services of armed escorts and mercenaries.
   5. are prohibited from accessing military facilities, except when invited by the owner or controller of the facility.
3. Prohibits member nations from:
   
   1. disallowing conflict journalists access to a conflict zone and freedom of movement within it.
   2. undertaking retaliatory action towards conflict journalists in response to unfavourable press coverage, or fear thereof.
   3. detaining conflict journalists solely to limit their access to the conflict zone, or to delay their reporting.
4. Establishes that the kidnapping, murder, or deliberate use of a conflict journalist as a military target shall be illegal and considered a war crime.
   
5. Clarifies that a conflict journalist who commits an act of espionage or proactively engages in an act of warfare will be considered a hostile combatant, exempt from the protections of this resolution, and unable to be considered a civilian in the conflict.

Votes For: 9 234 (66.9%)
Votes Against: 4 560 (33.1%)

Implemented Sun 23 May 2021

[GA 554 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Protecting Imprisoned Youths
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Jedinsto

Text: The World Assembly,

Noting past efforts to improve conditions experienced by prisoners,

Noting the prevalent violence and intimidation within prisons often targeted at those younger or smaller than the aggressor,

Further noting that imprisoned youths often face extreme neglect and mistreatment,

Hereby;

1. Defines an imprisoned youth as a person below the age of majority held in confinement because of the suspicion of a crime or conviction of a crime,
2. Bans the holding of imprisoned youths with imprisoned adults for any purpose unless informed consent is given by all legal guardians of the minor, without any form of coercion, for them to meet with one or more imprisoned adults for a short period in a manner heavily supervised by prison staff,
3. Requires that all imprisoned youths;
   
   1. are provided access to education, health, and social services equivalent to that of a youth not imprisoned,
   2. are afforded access to legal counsel equivalent to that of imprisoned adults,
4. Urges member states to provide alternatives to imprisonment for youth criminals or to improve the facilities in which imprisoned youths are held.

Votes For: 12 109 (83.6%)
Votes Against: 2 369 (16.4%)

Implemented Thu 27 May 2021

[GA 555 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Protecting Native Prairies and Grasslands"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #553
Proposed by: Daarwyrth

Description: General Assembly Resolution #553 "Protecting Native Prairies and Grasslands" (Category: Environmental, Industry Affected: All Businesses - Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Recognising the noble intentions of GAR #553 "Protecting Native Prairies and Grasslands" to protect and preserve these unique ecosystems, yet finding itself in disagreement with the manner in which it seeks to achieve its goals and intents, the General Assembly hereby finds the following:

1. GAR #553 shows its complete disregard for the diversity among the members of this international assembly, and incompetence at adequately implementing reasonable and workable protection plans for a species that it claims is endangered, by effectively halting any and all development in nations where prairie tall grasses are a prevalent, if not dominant biosphere. Not only will this cause great economic disaster because of a lack of progress and development - especially in still developing member nations with widespread and prevalent prairies - but it will eventually bring about severe housing and food shortages, and dangerous overpopulation in those member states as a result.
   
   
2. Furthermore, the target resolution makes the grave error of presuming that prairie tall grasses are prevalent across all member nations. This is not only a show of ignorance regarding the diverse nature of the members of this international body, but also harbours an incredible danger to unique and delicate ecosystems, to which this particular species of tall grasses would be a destructive invasive species. GAR #553 therefore prevents member nations from destroying these prairie tall grasses as an invasive species in order to protect and preserve their own threatened ecosystems.
   
   
3. In addition, GAR #553 unnecessarily places onerous restrictions on member nations, when General Assembly Resolution #465 "Preventing Species Extinction" already charges member nations in Clause 2 "to develop and faithfully implement WAESC-approved conservation plans to protect all at-risk species within their own jurisdiction". Furthermore, GAR #465 approaches the subject of at-risk species protection in a detailed and reasonable manner, creating provisions that compensate those negatively impacted by the protection plans, while GAR #553 is a superfluous piece of inflexible bureaucracy in comparison, with destructive consequences to developing member nations in tow.
   
   
4. Lastly, GAR #553 inexplicably singles out ecosystems with prairie tall grasses, while completely ignoring other equally unique and valuable biospheres. It sets the undesirable precedent for an individual resolution for every single rare ecosystem in existence, instead of either relying upon the protections that GAR #465 already provides for truly endangered species, or establishing one resolution that legislates on the subject of unique ecosystems efficiently.

And therefore, the General Assembly repeals GAR #553 "Protecting Native Prairies and Grasslands".

Votes For: 12 233 (89.0%)
Votes Against: 1 505 (11.0%)

Implemented Mon 31 May 2021

[GA 556 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Prohibition of Unwarranted Digital Surveillance
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: Greater Cesnica

Text: The General Assembly,

Acknowledging that the specific targeting of private digital communications pertaining to certain individuals may be justified in the interest of protecting the general public from criminal acts,

Noting, however, that the practice of carrying out digital surveillance without the use of warrants, especially in cases of mass digital surveillance, has not been demonstrated to prevent acts of terrorism or other unlawful activities to any meaningful degree,

Aware that data collected from unwarranted digital surveillance is at risk of being accessed or stolen by unauthorized entities, with such data collection thus posing a risk to the integrity of private communications and data,

Seeking to preserve the guarantee to personal privacy and prevent violations of civil liberties,

Hereby:

1. Defines for the purposes of this resolution:
   
   1. "digital surveillance" as the collection or monitoring of digital communications through mediums that are ostensibly private,
   2. "warrant" as an authorization issued by a court of law for the purposes of carrying out digital surveillance, and
   3. "unwarranted digital surveillance" as any digital surveillance that lacks authorization via a warrant, where the warrantless carrying out of digital surveillance is not necessary to prevent imminent serious injury or death to one or more persons.
2. Prohibits member states from:
   
   1. carrying out unwarranted digital surveillance,
   2. using the services of private entities or foreign governments to carry out unwarranted digital surveillance in their jurisdiction, or
   3. using data gathered for non-prosecutorial or non-spying purposes for prosecutorial or spying purposes without a warrant.
3. Clarifies that:
   
   1. the particular suspicion of unlawful activities needed to perform digital surveillance shall not be primarily based on an individual's religion, sexuality, race, nationality, gender identity, or any other arbitrary, reductive categorization and that
   2. the following does not constitute "unwarranted digital surveillance":
      
      1. the use of closed-circuit television cameras for surveillance purposes,
      2. the voluntary acquisition of data by a police informant without authorization from a warrant,
      3. the acquisition of data accessible in the public sphere, or
      4. the digital surveillance of foreign government entities and/or foreign entities that pose an active threat to national security.
4. Affirms that the General Assembly may collectively act to further restrict surveillance operations in future legislation.

Votes For: 11 071 (81.8%)
Votes Against: 2 458 (18.2%)

Implemented Sat 12 Jun 2021

[GA 557 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Toxic Heavy Metals Act"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #371
Proposed by: Jedinsto

Description: General Assembly Resolution #371 "Toxic Heavy Metals Act" (Category: Environmental, Industry Affected: All Businesses - Strong) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Noting the good intent of the Toxic Heavy Metals Act which aims to sensibly limit the use of toxic heavy metals,

Understanding that the definition of "Toxic Heavy Metals" is incredibly broad and problematic as the resolution does not require that toxic heavy metals actually be toxic, only "potentially toxic" (which may apply to far more metals than is intended), reasonably dense and noted as such by the World Assembly Scientific Programme,

Realizing that such an incredibly broad definition does the following:

• bans member states from discharging these metals into the "natural environment," (which again, applies to more metals than intended),
• forces member states to waste valuable resources and funding researching alternatives to the use of all these toxic heavy metals, which as noted above can include harmless metals and,
• needlessly regulates the use of harmless metals,

Recognizing that the language used to actually reduce the use of toxic heavy metals is extremely weak, as the only mandate related to use requires member states "phase out the use of toxic heavy metals and their compounds" without any further elaboration which allows for extremely slow and negligible reduction of the use of toxic heavy metals,

Confused by the exemption of military use of toxic heavy metals, as military use is just as damaging to the environment as civilian use, when such use is actually damaging, and such an exemption also makes way for loopholes in the form of otherwise illegal disposal of toxic heavy metals in the name of military use,

Hereby repeals GA#371, the Toxic Heavy Metals Act.

Votes For: 12 506 (92.2%)
Votes Against: 1 060 (7.8%)

Implemented Fri 18 Jun 2021

[GA 558 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

End Conversion Therapy
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Text: Believing that LGBTQ+ people should not be persecuted simply for being LGBTQ+, the General Assembly hereby:

1. defines "conversion therapy" as those interventions meant to alter or reverse any person's sexual orientation or gender identity,
2. requires member states to prohibit the practice and advertisement of conversion therapy in all circumstances,
3. clarifies that this resolution does not affect the right of willing individuals to seek and receive gender-adequation or -affirmation procedures, and
4. strongly recommends that members provide all necessary and relevant support to those who have already undergone, or are likely to undergo, conversion therapy.

Votes For: 10 097 (75.5%)
Votes Against: 3 270 (24.5%)

Implemented Sat 26 Jun 2021

[GA 559 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Convention on Guest Workers
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Labour Rights
Proposed by: Hulldom

Text: The World Assembly,

Noticing that individuals regularly seek work outside of their home nation for one reason or another,

Recognizing that this august body has not yet imposed a comprehensive set of regulations which their employers and member states must follow,

Hereby:

1. Defines “guest worker” as an employee who temporarily works in a country other than that of the nation in which that person is a citizen.
   
   
2. Requires that employers in World Assembly member states pay guest workers the same wages as their domestic counterparts for the same responsibilities, performance, and title.
   
   
3. Further mandates that employers in World Assembly member states not discriminate against domestic workers or guest workers in hiring or retention practices due to their status as such.
   
   
4. Requires that employers in member states assist in the provision of a minimum standard of living providing basic necessities for newly arrived guest workers.
   
   
5. Instructs employers and member states to make provision for guest workers to receive social services and healthcare while fulfilling the terms of their contract and that guest workers make the mandatory number of contributions into social services or healthcare services required by the member state they work in for them and, if applicable, their dependents to be able to access aforementioned services.
   
   
6. Orders employers or World Assembly member states to not enforce immigration provisions on guest workers, provided they continue to fulfill the terms of their contract.
   
   1. Decrees that member nations may not cancel an employee’s visa and employers may not terminate a guest worker’s contract, in the event that the guest worker is involved in legal action undertaken in the state in which they work and the legal action to be undertaken is to take place after the expiry of a guest worker’s work permit.
   2. If the legal action involving the guest worker is of a civil nature, the member nation must either provide for the guest worker to stay in their host nation until the civil action or the guest worker may leave the member nation on the condition that the member state respect to their right to reenter their jurisdiction for the purpose of participating in said aforementioned civil action.
   3. If the legal action involving the guest worker is of a criminal nature, the state may enforce any provisions it sees fit regarding the detaining or remand of criminal defendants.
7. Directs member states make provision for the ability of guest workers to report violations of their rights similar to provisions extant in World Assembly law and further requires that member states or employers not retaliate, either in withholding wages, documentation such as a work permit, or agreed upon goods or services as a result of a report by a guest worker that their employer has violated their rights.
   
   
8. Declares that nothing in this resolution requires a member state to operate a guest worker program or constitutes a right to migrate for work.

Votes For: 9 309 (70.8%)
Votes Against: 3 842 (29.2%)

Implemented Wed 30 Jun 2021

[GA 560 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Protection of Apostates
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: Daarwyrth

Text: Cognizant of its commitment to grant all inhabitants of member nations the right to practice their religion freely and in peace, and in a manner that is in agreement with their conscience, and their religion's teachings; yet

Equally committed to ensuring that the safety and wellbeing of apostates are secured, and similarly protected by the wings of World Assembly law;

The General Assembly hereby:

1. Defines for the purposes of this resolution:
   
   1. 'apostate' as any natural person who has formally renounced their religion and/or religious beliefs; and
   2. 'apostasy' as the act of a natural person freely and consciously, formally renouncing their religion and/or religious beliefs; and
   3. 'religious leadership' as any individual, group or entity that has a leadership function within a religion, religious institution, or any other organised belief-system;
2. Requires that member states treat apostasy as a legal act within their national jurisdictions;
   
   
3. Acknowledges the right of apostates and people considering apostasy not to be subjected to any form of punishment, reprisal, persecution, or humiliation, as a result of their apostasy or their contemplation of this change, whether by religious leaderships or by individual or grouped members of a religion or organised belief-system, beyond those forms of treatment that would also be legal if carried out for reasons other than religiously-motivated ones;
   
   
4. Clarifies that, as far as earlier General Assembly resolutions that are presently in force allow, religious institutions are still allowed to bar apostates from employment in their service in roles for which faith can reasonably be considered relevant, such as priesthood or teaching about religious matters, and from access to their places of worship (except as necessary for the proper performance of legitimate tasks such as by emergency services, official safety inspectorates, or armed forces, and except for any parts of those premises that are being used at the time for significant secular purposes, for example as polling stations or as emergency shelters) or participation in their religious & church-organised social activities;
   
   
5. Decrees that the process of apostasy must not be unduly restricted, or obstructed by onerous bureaucracy, or force individuals to pass through discouraging or humiliating practices in order to enact it;
   
   
6. Mandates that member nations recognise the right of apostates, and individuals contemplating apostasy, to keep the reasoning behind their decision to commit apostasy private;
   
   
7. Clarifies that religious leaderships, or individual members of a religion or organised belief-system, are permitted to attempt to convince those contemplating apostasy, or apostates themselves, to remain faithful through reasonable conversation and debate;
   
   
8. Specifies that a refusal to partake in a conversation or debate as per Clause 7, by either an apostate, or an individual contemplating apostasy, shall not have any consequences to the detriment of that apostate or individual;
   
   
9. Requires that member states enforce the articles of this resolution in a manner that entices compliance, or that inspires deterrence regarding non-compliance with the content of this legislation.

Co-authored with Bears Armed Mission.

Votes For: 10 419 (79.5%)
Votes Against: 2 681 (20.5%)

Implemented Sun 4 Jul 2021

[GA 561 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Ban on Conversion Therapy"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #437
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Description: General Assembly Resolution #437 "Ban on Conversion Therapy" (Category: Civil Rights, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Applauding GA#437 "Ban on Conversion Therapy," which prohibited the most exploitative forms of conversion therapy while it was in force,

Noting that GA#559 "End Conversion Therapy" - which outlaws all forms of conversion therapy - has rendered these prohibitions obsolete, and

Believing that repealing GA#437 is sensible, given that it does nothing that GA#559 does not already do...

The General Assembly hereby repeals GA#437 "Ban on Conversion Therapy."

Votes For: 10 916 (85.3%)
Votes Against: 1 881 (14.7%)

Implemented Thu 8 Jul 2021

[GA 562 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "International Salvage Laws"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #50
Proposed by: Jedinsto

Description: General Assembly Resolution #50 "International Salvage Laws" (Category: Social Justice, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Recognizing that this resolution does not actually mandate anything, only suggest its measures be enacted, while also operating under the impression that it is mandating something,

Noting that this resolution even fails to provide justification for its attempted action, only saying that such justification exists,

Wishing to remove such incredibly weak and inadequate legislation from the pages of international law,

Believing that stronger, more adequate legislation on the topic of international waters is necessary,

Hereby repeals GA#50, "International Salvage Laws."

Votes For: 12 145 (91.5%)
Votes Against: 1 125 (8.5%)

Implemented Mon 12 Jul 2021

[GA 563 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

World Assembly Border Policy [Struck out by GA 605]
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: The wary walrus

Text:
The World Assembly,

Cognizant of the fact that no comprehensive General Assembly law regarding the state of borders between World Assembly member nations exists,

Believing that in the interests of economic prosperity and international cooperation, the creation of zones of free movement is to be encouraged,

However aware that not all member states are able or willing to open their borders to all other member states,

Hereby

1. Creates the World Assembly Border Committee ("WABC") as a subcommittee of the Global Emigration, Security, Travel And Passport Organisation
2. Tasks WABC with processing applications from member states to join a free movement zone ("WABC Zone"),
3. Requires that applicant states, in order to be approved by WABC, meet a list of criteria established by WABC which will include an analysis of their border security regarding non-consenting and non-member states,
4. Explains that the WABC Zone applies to consenting states only and allows unlimited travel across borders at designated points between consenting states without the need of the traveler to present documentation at each border,
5. Authorizes WABC to negotiate on behalf of consenting states with member states and non-member states in order to loosen border restrictions without necessarily having the member state or non-member state consent to join the WABC Zone,
   
6. Further authorizes WABC to change a consenting state's border laws to create a single unified policy across consenting states that is to be publicized before any member state joins,
7. Directs WABC to develop procedures for a consenting state to withdraw from the WABC Zone in an efficient, timely manner,
8. Forbids consenting states from restricting the right of individuals from other consenting states to travel or find employment within any consenting state differently from existing citizens of the state in question, subject to such reasonable restrictions that consenting states may institute in the interest of public health and safety,
9. Compels all member states, including those which do not join the WABC Zone, to conduct an annual review of their border policies,
10. Designates that each member state shall appoint at least one liaison to the WABC, and lastly
11. Encourages all member states to negotiate bilateral agreements with the WABC even if they do not wish to consent to join the WABC Zone

Votes For: 8 778 (68.6%)
Votes Against: 4 014 (31.4%)

Implemented Tue 20 Jul 2021

[GA 564 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Volcanic Activity Convention
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Safety
Proposed by: Minskiev

Text: The World Assembly,

Mindful that some nations are ill-prepared in the case of volcanic activity and that volcanic activity is mostly unpreventable;

Aware of the consequences that eruptions and volcanic hazards have on the environment and society if such volcanic activity is unprepared for;

Granting that disaster preparedness is already required by a previously passed resolution;

Mortified that the previous resolution says nothing on cooperation between member nations when it comes to handling disasters like multinational volcanic activity;

Attempting to legislate for a plan of action during volcanic activity, to help cooperation between all those affected by volcanic activity;

Hereby:

1. Defines, for this resolution, volcanic activity as the activity of a volcano;
   
   
2. Mandates that member nations whose populations face the risks of volcanic activity:
   
   1. Address all predicted, current, and recent past volcanic activity within national borders by:
      
      1. preparing for volcanic activity while working to minimize the loss of life, property damage potentially caused by volcanic activity, and when reasonable damage to the environment through warning systems, evacuation procedures, food, water, and shelter distribution, and the prevention of premature returns to evacuated areas;
      2. actively preventing further damage by volcanic activity and distributing relevant necessary resources to where they are needed; and
      3. reversing the damage caused by recent volcanic activity within reason;
   2. Work with nations likely to be significantly affected to prepare for any volcanic activity via communication and combined efforts to protect the general public from volcanic activity or the damage it will or has caused, including providing aid to each other in an evacuation;
   3. Inform their populace with regularly updated, widely available, and locally specific information on the dangers of volcanic activity however they see fit;
   4. Take whichever evacuation measures ensure that:
      
      1. anyone at immediate risk of volcanic activity knows how to evacuate, when to evacuate, and where to evacuate to;
      2. law enforcement and emergency services are ready for evacuation, are trained to direct traffic during an evacuation, and are capable of evacuating those unable to evacuate themselves;
      3. complete evacuation time is minimal through proper use of infrastructure; and
      4. emergency shelters are mobile and flexible enough to house and meet the demands of the evacuated;
3. Recommends that nations at risk of volcanic activity work with the World Assembly Disaster Bureau and all other relevant WA organizations to improve the safety of the general public from volcanic activity;

Co-authored by Araraukar.

Votes For: 11 148 (86.5%)
Votes Against: 1 735 (13.5%)

Implemented Sat 24 Jul 2021

[GA 565 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Epidemic Investigation Act
A resolution to modify universal standards of healthcare.

Category: Health
Area of Effect: Research
Proposed by: Imperium Anglorum

Text: The World Assembly,

Believing that further action is necessary to ensure that appropriate actions are taken proactively to ensure knowledge and containment of epidemic outbreaks,

Recognising that, even with the provisions of GA 53 "Epidemic Response Act", many governments still will downplay epidemics due to fears of harms to trade or general reputational damage,

Concerned that possible government action against healthcare workers harms the ability of international organisations to monitor and be truthfully informed of new epidemics, and

Hoping to cut through cover-ups, dissembling, and obfuscation by nations generally while ensuring that healthcare workers conveying truthful information or opinion are not penalised, hereby enacts as follows:

1. Inspection requirements. When a report is received by the World Health Authority (WHA) of an outbreak of disease or of the emergence of a novel pathogen under section 2 infra, the WHA may dispatch inspectors to investigate and report publicly on the origins of, response to, and make recommendations on the outbreak.
   
   
   1. All member nations must permit the entrance and exit of WHA inspectors (hereinafter Inspectors) and fully cooperate with such requests for access or information which Inspectors may deliver to member nation authorities, subject to the following subsection.
      
      
   2. Inspectors’ request for access to sensitive areas or sensitive information may be rejected by the local jurisdiction. Such rejections shall be reviewed by the Independent Adjudicative Office, which may overrule such rejections if the likely harm of release is less than the likely harm to international public health interests.
      
      
   3. No member nation may otherwise bar the access of Inspectors to medical personnel. Nor may any member nation retaliate against the provision of information by medical personnel to Inspectors.
2. Reporting requirements. Any novel pathogen with suggestive evidence of person-to-person transmission must be reported to the WHA forthwith. Member nations must collect statistics on transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings and report such statistics to the WHA in a timely manner.
   
   
3. Opt-in inspection authority. WHA inspectors may undertake a section 1 investigation and report in a non-member nation with the approval thereof. If after granting approval, that nation fails to comply with section 1 access and retaliation requirements as if it were a member nation, at the instigation of the WA Solicitors Office, the Independent Adjudicative Office may declare appropriate sanctions to be enforced by member nations against the nation or those persons responsible in that nation for such non-compliance.
   
   
4. WA healthcare. WHA inspectors shall take all necessary precautions to prevent their transmission of any disease they are investigating. The General Fund shall pay for healthcare costs, or insurance therefor, of WA employees. Nations opting in under the previous section, which do not regularly remit assessments to the WA General Fund, must consent to levies against their nation for healthcare costs incurred by WA employees operating under the auspices of this resolution.

Votes For: 10 282 (79.2%)
Votes Against: 2 694 (20.8%)

Implemented Wed 28 Jul 2021

[GA 566 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "On Multilateral Trade Talks"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #221
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Description: General Assembly Resolution #221 "On Multilateral Trade Talks" (Category: Free Trade, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Noting that Article 1 of GA#221 requires that the World Assembly organise "multilateral trade negotiations... with the mandate of reducing protectionist measures between all member nations" on a decadal basis, and that its Article 3 tasks members with deploying "at least one qualified delegate to these negotiations,"

Concluding that GA#221 not only fails to require members to actually subscribe to free trade agreements, but in fact allows member state delegates to its negotiations to attempt to reach such agreements about exceedingly minor categories of goods and services with other delegates, so long as they meet Article 4's requirement that they "make a good faith effort... to come to mutually beneficial agreements which are in the best interests of all national populations involved" in doing so,

Firmly refusing to applaud GA#221's goal of "reducing protectionist measures between [member]s," given that GA#26 "World Assembly Economic Union" - the third article of which had similar provisions to that of GA#221 - was repealed by GA#45 exactly because of the damage that the WA-sanctioned reduction of such measures can cause to the economies of the least developed members, and

Believing that individual members are more than capable of negotiating their own free trade agreements - comprehensive or otherwise - without having to be babysat by the WA in the process...

The General Assembly hereby repeals GA#221 "On Multilateral Trade Talks."

Votes For: 9 375 (74.4%)
Votes Against: 3 229 (25.6%)

Implemented Thu 5 Aug 2021

[GA 567 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Preparing for Disasters"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #105
Proposed by: Morover

Description: General Assembly Resolution #105 "Preparing for Disasters" (Category: International Security, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The General Assembly,

Acknowledging and appreciating the good intentions of Resolution 105, “Preparing For Disasters,” in its aid to international coordination in the leadup to natural and artificial disasters,

Aware that Resolution 105 does a reasonably good job in achieving its goal,

Concerned, however, at several potentially negative implications reaching beyond the scope of the resolution, such as:

1. Clause two mandating that the World Assembly Disaster Bureau provide “all the help that a nation requests in [inspections mandated],” regardless of the nation’s actual need of help, potentially opening the door for malicious states to drain the funds of the World Assembly General Fund by requesting unnecessary assistance that the Bureau is required to provide,
2. Clause seven requiring the World Assembly Disaster Bureau to share research regarding technologies used to assist in responding to disasters with all nations, regardless of the nation’s World Assembly member status or any other potential applications of the technology, meaning that any research found by the Bureau that may prove hazardous or otherwise dangerous if in the wrong hands must be shared with all nations, including malicious actors,
3. Clause eight instructing the World Assembly Disaster Bureau to work with all World Assembly organizations, regardless of relevance or necessity to the overarching goal of the Bureau, which could prove to be burdensome as the network of World Assembly organizations expands,

Believing that, regardless of whatever good Resolution 105 provides, the negative consequences that the language of the resolution allows necessitates repeal,

Hoping that, following the repeal of Resolution 105, a suitable replacement will be promptly passed, ultimately minimizing whatever negative effect will be felt by not having a resolution of this topic on the books,

Hereby repeals Resolution 105, “Preparing For Disasters.”

Votes For: 11 272 (90.9%)
Votes Against: 1 122 (9.1%)

Implemented Mon 9 Aug 2021

[GA 568 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "The Rule of Law"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #374
Proposed by: Greater Cesnica

Description: General Assembly Resolution #374 "The Rule of Law" (Category: Civil Rights, Strength: Strong) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The General Assembly,

Recognizing that GAR #374 “The Rule Of Law is a pivotal piece of legislation that upholds the concept of there being a “Rule of Law” that no entity in society is above, not even government institutions or the socioeconomic elite in a given nation,

Noting, however, that GAR #374 is fatally flawed due to Article 2(a), which “Declares that reasonable, good faith exceptions may be made in instances where... some form of immunity is necessary to ensure that government employees or institutions may carry out essential functions that would not otherwise be possible without the guarantee of immunity…”,

Unconvinced that any hazard, difficulty, or misplaced benefit of the doubt renders any extent of pre-determined or non-fact-based immunity "necessary" for government officials, other than in regards to legislative immunity,

Unsettled by the prospect that those individuals and institutions entrusted with the right and ability to use violence and force against civilian populations in the interest of keeping law and order, such as in the form of law enforcement forces, could be exempted from liability and responsibility for their actions; which in turn would breed an unjust and false sense of impunity in the abuse of their exclusive right to administer violence and force,

Believing that, with the exception of legislative immunity, it is preferable to ensure all government officials and institutions are answerable to the law and civil action for the consequences of actions taken in their respective capacities, regardless of their position or function as government officials and institutions, rather than to allow incompetence and malice from these entities to go unchecked,

Resolved that a replacement resolution is needed to truly enshrine the spirit of GAR #374 in law whilst eradicating baseless immunity for government officials and institutions,

Hereby repeals GAR #374 “The Rule Of Law”.

Co-authored with Daarwyrth.

Votes For: 11 573 (92.3%)
Votes Against: 964 (7.7%)

Implemented Tue 17 Aug 2021

[GA 569 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]