Constitution of your country?

[Alissonovia]

Hello everyone!

I would like to know what constitutional processes are in your countries and if there is any written constitution in your country!

My constitution: https://www.nationstates.net/nation=ali ... id=1533823

[Cavirfi]

The Constitution of Cavirfi is the official set of mandatory guidelines for what is considered 'legal legislation' and what is considered 'illegal legislation'. It has a preamble, an overview of the contents, 7 amendments, and 25 articles. The articles of the Constitution are written WITHIN the context of the amendments, rather than being separate contexts.

The 7 Amendments are:

1st Amendment - The 4 Values of Cavirfi (4 Articles)
2nd Amendment - The Rights of the State (5 Articles)
3rd Amendment - The Rights of the People (5 Articles)
4th Amendment - The Rights of the Military (2 Articles)
5th Amendment - The Duties of the State (3 Articles)
6th Amendment - The Duties of the People (3 Articles)
7th Amendment - The Duties of the Military (3 Articles)

Now, that I have briefed you on the basics of what the Cavirfite Constitution is, I will now give you the full version for you to read:

Constitution_of_Cavirfi.fctbk

[Gadalland and Aspern]

The name of our government is The Domex (Sertian: Dumeks, origin unknown).
The Six Unions of Gadalland and Aspern, combined with Unio Sertiae (formerly Sertian Union) are governed wholly by the Sertian Domex (c. 1224) a book of laws proposed by Verna III of Osperfey (fourth Island).
The Sertian Domex, written in ancient Sertian, outlines the fundamental economic and social rights of all residing individuals within our jurisdiction.
In 1662 the Domex was amended to extend lawmaking privileges to the Customary Logistics Council, and they are now the main legislative assembly of US/SUGA. The CLC combined with the Furden of the Domex (Sertian: Færden yswom Dumeks), equivalent of a Prime Minister, govern the country.
There are no courts, but some legislators of the CLC are known as Arbitrators and report to the Justice Body (Sertian: Halson yswom Dumeks) of the Domex to hear disputes of all kinds.

[Radiatia]

The Radiatian Constitution consists of three documents - the Act of Constitution, the Bill of Rights and the Bill of Responsibilities.

THE ACT OF CONSTITUTION:

Preamble:

This Act of Constitution hereby declares the unity of the states of the Radiatian subcontinent, and the agreement to be in Federation.

We are in concordance that all the states, cultures, tribes and peoples, and the representatives thereof are equal and to be as one nation.

The purpose of the Federation shall be the common DEFENCE and PROTECTION of its member states, the promotion of its core values of INDIVIDUALISM and EFFICIENCY, progress and greater productivity leading to PROSPERITY for all citizens of all member states.

This Act of Constitution thus formally creates a federal government, and its member states do henceforth swear allegiance to it and declare it as the sovereign authority of Radiatia, over all Radiatian states.

Article I: - Membership

Section One – Definition of Federation
1. The Radiatian Federation refers to all member states who have signed this constitution and agree to its terms.
2. All states that agree to this constitution are to be considered nationals of the Radiatian Federation, and all rights and responsibilities of a Radiatian Citizen are afforded them.
3. States who become members of the Radiatian Federation agree that the laws of the Federation, the Bill of Rights and Bill of Responsibilities have precedence over that state’s legislature.
4. States who become members of the Radiatian Federation are committed to the welfare of the Federation and all other states within it
5. States who become members of the Radiatian Federation agree to treat all citizens and peoples of other states as if their own and will not restrict the movement of people from other Radiatian states, unless in situations outlined elsewhere in this constitution or in accordance with federal law
6. Member states surrender their sovereignty permanently to the federal government.

Section Two – Territories
1. Should a state wish to join the Radiatian Federation, permission must be granted the President of the Radiatian Federation and ratified by two thirds of the Federal Parliament. Two thirds of the adult population of said state are also required to indicate a willingness to join the Radiatian Federation for such a request to be approved by the federal government.
2. Conquered territories are considered part of the Radiatian Federation, but are not states and citizens are therefore not entitled to the rights of Radiatian citizens. Territories may apply for statehood as outlined in clause one.
3. Clause two does not apply to the Federal Capital Territory, whose citizens shall be considered Radiatian nationals and afforded all the rights thereof.
4. States that are not considered Radiatian - due to geography, lack of cultural or historic ties, excluding territories annexed by the Radiatian Federation are not considered eligible for membership of the Radiatian Federation.
5. No new state may be formed within the existing boundaries of a state without permission from the President, and the unanimous support of the Radiatian Federal Senate.


Article II: - The Legislative Branch

Section One- General
1. Legislative power shall be invested in the Federal Parliament, which shall consist of the Federal Assembly and the Senate.
5. Members of the Parliament will be compensated for their work at a level prescribed by an independent committee

Section Two – The Federal Assembly
1. The Members of the Federal Assembly shall be elected by the General Public once every two years. All citizens of the Radiatian Federation who are aged 17 years or older are permitted to vote in elections. No state may prohibit any citizen of the Radiatian Federation aged over 17 years from voting.
2. Every state shall have at least one representative in the Federal Assembly. No single constituency may contain a population greater than one million people. No constituency other than an all-state electorate shall contain a population less than 500,000 people.
3. The electoral boundaries may change according to population growth and shrinkage. If an electorate has less than 500,000 people (and is not an all-state electorate) then it will disappear. Conversely a state may gain an electorate seat if its population growth requires it.
4. Electoral boundaries shall be determined by an independent committee. Gerrymandering is considered unlawful.
5. Should a seat become vacant then a by-election must be held to fill that vacancy within one month of the vacancy occurring.
6. In order to be able to run for Parliament, one must be:
i) Aged at least 21 years
ii) A citizen of the Radiatian Federation
iii) Resident in the Radiatian Federation for at least 3 years
iv) Have no previous criminal convictions
v) Pay a bond of 1000 Tsenyens to the Federal Electoral Commission, which shall be refunded if the candidate receives at least 1000 votes. This bond may be paid on their behalf by a registered political party.
7. The Federal Assembly shall have power of the purse, and power to control the increase and decrease expenditure of revenue and have the power to increase or decrease the amount and number of levies, duties and taxes
8. The Speaker of the Federal Assembly shall be elected by the members of that chamber, who shall have the power to set the agenda of that chamber and shall be considered the temporary landlord of Xerconia Castle
9. Members of the Federal Assembly are to be referred to as Members of Parliament, or MPs. Their official title is MP, which will be added as a suffix to their name. Unless impeached, this suffix is granted for life.
10. The Federal Assembly is required to record all debates and make all records including financial records publicly available at all times
11. The Federal Assembly may convene provided that at least one third of members are present. The Speaker shall have the power to summon any member to the chamber and punish members for unauthorised absence.
12. The Federal Assembly has the power to pass legislation referring to the following:
i) Increase or decrease taxation
ii) Increase or decrease public expenditure and services
iii) Buy and sell state assets
iv) Cease funding a particular project
v) Enact laws which affect the entire Federation
vi) Fund and equip the Armed Forces of the Radiatian Federation
vii) Control conscription laws
viii) Maintain the armed forces
ix) Enact laws that prevent Radiatians from exploitation
x) Enact laws that prevent excessive exploitation of the environment
xi) Regulate industry
xii) Regulate the use of natural resources
xiii) Control the flow of immigration
xiv) Control what goods are allowed to cross the Radiatian border
xv) Charge tariffs on imported goods
xvi) Establish interstate highways
xvii) Establish rail infrastructure
xviii) Establish or regulate the Post Office and any nationwide telecommunications network
xix) Establish or regulate any nationwide broadcasting companies
xx) Regulate the use and distribution of arms
xxi) Regulate and lessen the powers of paramilitaries and state militias
xxii) To determine and decide on the punishment for committing a federal crime
xxiii) To fund any Radiatian federal government department
xxiv) To allow the President to borrow money from overseas
xxv) To impeach the President or any other federal official

Section Three – The Senate

1. There shall be two Senators for every state, regardless of population
2. Senators are elected to four year terms, with citizens electing one Senator every two years.
3. In order to become a Senator, a person must
i) Be aged at least 35 years
ii) Be a citizen of the Radiatian Federation
vi) Have been a resident of the state for at least 4 years
vii) Have previous experience serving as a member of that state’s government or as a member of
viii) Have permission from the leader of their political party to run for Premier of that state.
4. Should any decision or vote by the Senate be tied, then the Vice President of the Radiatian Federation will be called-upon to make the deciding vote.
5. A Senator shall be granted the title and honorific "Senator"
6. State governments have the power to impeach a Senator from their state for misconduct
7. If a Senator is impeached, or unable to continue serving, then the state may appoint a new Senator to serve for the remainder of the term.
8. The Vice President of the Radiatian Federation is the President of the Senate and expected to preside over meetings.
9. The Senate possesses the following specific powers:
i) The power to convict the President and remove him from office with a two thirds majority vote once impeached for treason, corruption or failure to uphold the constitution or for endangering the people of Radiatia
ii) To ratify any foreign treaty signed by the President
iii) To amend or concur with legislation passed by the Federal Assembly, including budget legislation
v) To approve new member states to the Radiatian Federation
vi) To ratify any proposal by the President not covered elsewhere in the constitution
vii) To originate a motion leading to a declaration of war
viii) To confirm nominations to the Cabinet
vix) To confirm nominations to the Supreme Court by a two thirds majority
10. All legislative powers vested in the Federal Assembly are also vested in the Senate, excluding the ability to originate budget legislation

Section Four – Limits of Powers

1. No law shall be made retroactively. No citizen shall be convicted of an act that was made illegal after they committed it.
2. No law shall contradict the Bill of Rights

Section Five - Powers Prohibited by States

1. No state may pass a law that contradicts the Bill of Rights or any law passed by the Federal Parliament
2. No state may engage in relations with a foreign power or declare hostility against another Radiatian state.
3. No state may declare war against another state or a foreign nation
4. No state shall charge tariffs on goods from another state
5. No state shall prohibit travel, movement or migration between states, unless authorised to do so under federal legislation

Article III – The Executive Branch:

Section One – General
1. Executive Power in the Radiatian Federation is invested in the President
2. The President may nominate a Cabinet, which will be confirmed by the Senate

Section Two – The President
1. The President shall swear an Oath to uphold the Bill of Rights, the Bill of Responsibilities and the Constitution.
2. The President must be a citizen of the Radiatian Federation, aged at least 40 years, resident for at least 14 years. He must be found in good character.
3. The President shall serve a term of four years, renewable once
4. A President’s title is President
5. The President may not accept bribes, threats or commit treasonous acts and if found guilty of doing so shall be impeached and removed from office
8. The President has veto power over any bill passed by the Federal Parliament
9. The President shall be given an official place of residence within the Federal Capital Territory.
10. The President shall be guarded at all times by members of the Radiatian Security Service
11. The President shall have access to ALL information, may demand access to any information and is to have unrestricted access to information, intelligence and secret information held by the military and other agencies.
12. The President shall be the Commander in Chief of the Radiatian Armed Forces
13. The President shall have sole propriety of the nuclear activation codes
14. The President shall be elected by the member states of the Radiatian Federation. Each state shall have a number of votes equivalent to the total number of representatives in the Federal Parliament that state has. The way that a state votes shall be determined by a quadrennial referendum of its citizens, to be held on the same day as all other states (i.e. a general election)
15. The President shall have the following powers:
i) The power to declare a state of emergency and federalise state armies
ii) The power to announce a military alert (Code, Alert and DEFCON)
iii) The power to order the military into combat
iv) The power to sign foreign treaties
v) To appoint members of the Supreme Court, with Senate approval
vi) To appoint ambassadors and other civil servants and public officers
vii) The power to grant honours
viii) To commute a death sentence
ix) To pardon those convicted of crimes at his discretion
x) To pass decrees or executive orders on matters not controlled by the legislature

Section Three – State of the Federation
1. The President is obliged to at least once per year communicate a message to the public detailing the state of the nation.

Section Four – Impeachment
1. Any public officer found guilty of accepting bribes, taking bribes, conviction of treason or acting as a result of threat (instead of arresting the person or group threatening them) shall be impeached and permanently banned from holding public office.

Article IV – The Judicial Branch

Section One – Judicial Powers
1. The judicial power of the Radiatian Federation shall be vested in a Supreme Court, and in lower courts.
2. The courts shall follow a hierarchy with the Supreme Court as the most powerful, then the Federal High Court, the State High Court, and with District courts at the bottom.
3. Superior courts may overturn a decision by a lower court, however Federal Courts cannot overturn a decision unless it is in breach of the constitution or bill of rights.
4. The Supreme Court shall be responsible for interpreting the constitution and for trying members of the government for breaches of the constitution, treason, or any other illegal and unconstitutional act.
5. All trials shall be by jury, excluding trials to impeach the President in which the decision lies with the Federal Parliament

Section Two – Trials and Jurisdiction

1. All Radiatian courts shall have trials by a jury
2. All courts are expected and encouraged to hold trials as soon as possible
3. The accused are guilty until proven innocent, but the court must not delay a trial longer than one month. If they do then the person must be granted bail until they can be tried.
4. No state’s court may overturn a decision made in another state
5. If a person is accused of a crime in one state and manages to escape to another state where the act is not a crime, they shall be extradited to their original state to face trial.
6. If a person is charged with crimes in multiple states, they are to be tried by a federal court

Section Three – Appointing the Supreme Court
1. Members of the Supreme Court shall be appointed for an indefinite period by the President, with approval from two-thirds of the Senate
2. In order to stand be on the Supreme Court one must be
i) Aged at least 45 years
ii) Be declared sane
iii) Not have any conflicting business, corporate or religious interests
iv) Be of good character without a blemish on reputation
v) Have obtained the status of a judge
vi) Be qualified as a judge and well-versed in law and constitutional law
3. Members of the Supreme Court may be removed by:
i) Parliament supermajority
ii) Reaching the age of 75
iii) Discovery of undeclared biases or criminal behaviour

Section Four – Treason
1. Treason is defined as any act that endangers the Radiatian people without just cause, levies war against them or adheres to their enemies.
2. Accepting bribes is also considered treason.
3. Threatening or harming a member of the government is considered treason.

Article V – The States

Section One – States shall honour each other
1. Each state in the Federation shall honour one another and all are considered equal in terms of authority and validity.
2. No state may interfere in the affairs of another
3. No state may declare war against another
4. All states shall allow freedom of all citizens of all Radiatian states to work, settle and travel there without impair or discrimination and all states shall treat all citizens of the Radiatian Federation equally.
5. States are permitted to have border checks but only for the purpose of tracking wanted criminals, or tracking the movement of non Radiatian nationals. At no point may a state deny a Radiatian Citizen access to that state.

Section Two – Privileges
1. The citizens of each state are to be considered citizens of the Radiatian Federation and all rights, privileges, immunities and responsibilities that go with that shall be conferred upon them.
2. The Radiatian Federal Government guarantees the protection of all states against invasion or hostility, and against domestic violence or terrorism.

Section Three – Authority
1. All laws passed by a state must not contradict the Act of Constitution, the Bill of Rights or the Bill of Responsibility
2. If there is an inconsistency between state law and Federal law, the latter shall prevail and the former shall be invalidated.
3. States are permitted to pass laws that are not otherwise detailed in this constitution.
4. States are permitted to implement a state-wide tax
5. States are permitted to have their own education system, however these education systems are obliged to allow all Radiatians to pass the Federal Standard of Education.
6. States are permitted to keep their own standing armies, for the purposes of policy enforcement (police) and defence. However these State Armies are not permitted to invade another state or foreign nation, nor does the State have the power to command them to do so. The Federal Government have at all times the power to seize direct command and control of a State Army
7. States are not permitted to charge duties or tariffs on imports from another state.
8. States are permitted to give any language an official language status
9. All states shall have as head of state a Premier, to be directly elected once every four years and a democratically elected legislature
10. The powers of the Premier and legislature within a state may be determined by that state, provided it does not violate this constitution

Section Four – Federal Capital Territory
1. Citizens living in the Federal Capital Territory (which shall be defined by the Federal Parliament) are not permitted to be represented on the Senate
2. If the FCT has a population of more than 500,000 they are entitled to have electorate MPs
3. The FCT shall be governed directly by the Federal Parliament

Section Five – Extradition

1. Should a citizen of one state commit a felony and escape to another, the latter state must arrest and send the citizen back to the former state, even if the felony committed is not a felony in the latter state.

Section Six – State Government
1. The Radiatian Federation guarantees that the Premier of every state, who shall serve as the head of that state shall be democratically elected by ballot, with all citizens aged over 17 years entitled to vote.
2. The structure of the state government is up to that state, according to its constitution, provided that it does not contradict this federal constitution or the Bill of Rights.

Article VI – The Radiatian Federation as One Nation

Section One – Language
1. All languages of member states shall be considered to be an official language, however government business shall be conducted in the Xerconian dialect of Radiatian
2. State governments have the power to give their state an official language which shall be in equal but no greater standing than Radiatian
3. All federal public services must be conducted in Radiatian

Section Two – Religion
1. The Radiatian Federation is officially an atheist nation
2. The Radiatian Federation shall, to an extent, allow freedom to practice religion, provided that such religions do not break laws or attempt to curb or impede on the Bill of Rights
3. No religion or religious organisation may influence or attempt to influence the government, although people practising religions are permitted to run for any public office
4. Any religion that goes against the Bill of Rights, attempts to overthrow the status quo or is found guilty of hate crime shall be banned

Section Three – Titles and Nobility
1. All members of government are to be given and are permitted to keep the title given to them according to that which is written in this Act of Constitution
2. The President may give an honourary citizen a title at his discretion, in accordance with Parliamentary legislation
3. No actual nobility shall be granted other than a ceremonial title.
4. No land or extra authority shall be given to the receiver of an honourary title

Section Four - Democracy
1. The Radiatian Federal government guarantees a democratic system of government for all citizens of all member states
2. Should any branch of government be presented with a petition requesting the holding of a referendum, and should that petition be signed by 1% of the population of Radiatia, then the government is bound to hold the requested referendum.
3. The peoples of Radiatia, through power of a referendum whether initated by the citizens or initiated by the state, the power to override any governmental decision. All referendums are binding, and no government may ignore a referendum result, the penalty for doing so to be impeachment or more severe punishment.
4. A referendum result may be ignored only in the event of its conflict with the Bill of Rights.

Article VII – Citizenship

1. Any citizen of a state which joins the Radiatian Federation, or who was a citizen or permanent resident of a state at the time of the signing of this constitution shall be granted Radiatian citizenship.
2. Any citizen who is born in any of the states of the Radiatian Federation after the signing of the constitution shall be granted citizenship
3. All citizens are granted the rights conferred to them by the Bill of Rights and must carry the responsibilities conferred to them by the Bill of Responsibilies
5. A citizen may take dual citizenship and settle in a foreign nation, however if they do their citizenship may be revoked upon request by the Federal Government

Article VIII – Amendments

1. The President may propose an amendment to the constitution, however a binding referendum must be held and approved by two thirds of all Radiatian citizens in order to ratify it
2. An amendment may add to, but not subtract from, the Bill of Rights

BILL OF RIGHTS

1. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to protection by the state from crime, violence, terrorism and war.
2. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to freedom of movement
3. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to leave and enter Radiatia at any time
4. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to freedom from religion
5. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to learn and speak in any tongue they wish
6. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to be tolerated and live a self-determined individualist lifestyle provided this does not impinge on the rights of others
7. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to form and hold their own opinions in private
8. All Radiatians aged over 17 years have the RIGHT to vote in state, local and federal elections for whichever political party or ideology they wish
9. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to peacefully assemble
10. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to peacefully protest
11. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to trial by an impartial jury of their peers
12. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to not be tortured or executed while a trial is pending and when they have not yet been found not innocent by a trial by their peers
13. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to a quick trial and may not be incarcerated for longer than 28 days without facing trial
14. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to never be used as slaves
15. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to completely free artistic expression which shall not in any way shape or form be censored
16. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to join a political party
17. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to an impartial and unbiased press
18. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to free enterprise
19. All Radiatians have the RIGHT to play the banjo without hindrance from local, state or federal authorities.

BILL OF RESPONSIBILITIES

1. All Radiatians have the RESPONSIBILITY to take up arms and defend the federation in times of war, threat or invasion
2. All Radiatians have the RESPONSIBILITY to adhere to the law, as set by state and federal authorities, provided those laws do not contradict the Bill of Rights
3. All Radiatians have the RESPONSIBILITY to pay taxes, as required of them by their elected representatives in parliament
4. All Radiatians have the RESPONSIBILITY to be make choices that ensure greater efficiency and prosperity for all Radiatians
5. All Radiatians have the RESPONSIBILITY to be vigilant against coercion and authoritarianism
6. All Radiatians have the RESPONSIBILITY to be tolerant of others
7. All Radiatians have the RESPONSIBILITY to ensure their actions do not negatively affect the welfare of others
8. All Radiatians have the RESPONSIBILITY to be as independent and productive as they can
9. All Radiatians have the RESPONSIBILITY to do jury duty
10. All Radiatians have the RESPONSBILITY to uphold this Constitution, the Bill of Rights and the Bill of Responsibility

[Ivelboria]

We do have a written constitution that consists of nine chapters and one amendment. The Constitution is partly based on the Australian Constitution if I recall correctly, and citizens would be able to read the Constitution in English, French, Neviersian, Izeri, and a few other major languages, but I have only written the English version as I don't have that much time and motivation to write the Constitution in other languages, lol. It is outdated though - I haven't updated it in roughly a year and a half. I might revise it again if I muster enough motivation to do so.

Just as a brief summary, here's what each chapter goes over:

• Chapter 1 - Legislative
• Chapter 2 - Executive
• Chapter 3 - Judicature
• Chapter 4 - The Provinces
• Chapter 5 - Finances and Trade
• Chapter 6 - National Sovereignty and Human Rights
• Chapter 7 - International Relations
• Chapter 8 - Alteration of the Constitution

[Katzen]

The Freehold of Katzen Constitution sets outs the rights of People and framework for government.

The most important section is considered Article 1 which expressly defines the rights of the People of Katzen

Article I
Section 1: The people

We hold that the principles contained in this Preamble shall be the beacon of the Freehold and thus take precedence over all other laws of the land, including Articles contained in this Constitution. Therefore, the People of the Freehold of Katzen recognize and proclaim, in the presence and under the auspices of their Creator, the following rights of Man and of the Citizen, that:
1. Equal Rights - We are all equal under the law and shall enjoy our human rights without discrimination, such as due to gender, age, genetic character, place of residence, economic status, disability, sexual orientation, race, colour, opinions, political affiliation, religion, origin, ancestry and position in other respects. Men and women shall enjoy equal rights in every respect.
2. Right to Having and Expressing Opinions - All are free to have their opinions and convictions and shall have the right to express their thoughts. Censorship and other comparable impediments to the freedom of opinion must never be enacted into law. Limits on the expression of opinion may, however, be stipulated by law to protect children, security, health, the rights or reputation of others, as necessary in a democratic society. The public authorities shall guarantee the conditions for an open and informed discourse. The access to the Internet and information technology shall not be limited unless by a court verdict and subject to the same conditions as apply to the limits of the expression of opinion. All persons shall be responsible for the expression of their opinions before a court.
3. Freedom of Religion - All shall be assured of the right to religion and a view of life, including the right to change their religion or personal convictions and the right to remain outside religious organizations. All shall be free to pursue their religion, individually or in association with others, publicly or privately. No law may be passed respecting the establishment of, or prohibiting the free exercise of, or based on religion or religious principles.
4. Right of Assembly - All shall be assured of the right to assemble without special permission, such as in meetings or to protest.
5. Right to Security - All shall have the right to the security of their person and protection against any kind of violence inside the home or outside. Being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.
6. Inviolacy of Private Life - The inviolacy of private life, home and family shall be guaranteed. A person’s body may not be searched nor his residence or personal effects except with a court order or special authorization by law. The same applies to a search of documents, postal transmissions, telephone calls or other communications as well as any other comparable curtailment of privacy. The first paragraph notwithstanding, limits may be placed on the inviolacy of private life, home or family if urgently necessary due to the rights of others.
7. Right to Property - The right to property is inviolate. No person shall be compelled to surrender property unless required by the public interest. In such a case, an act of law and full compensation shall be required. The right to property is subject to duties as well as limitations in accordance with law.
8. Right to Information - All persons shall be free to collect and disseminate information. Public administration shall be transparent and shall preserve documentation, such as minutes of meetings, and shall register and document issues, their origin, record and final resolution. Such documentation may not be deleted unless according to law. Information and documents held by public authorities shall be available without exception and the access of the public to all documents collected or paid for by public authorities shall be assured by law. A list of all cases and documents held by public authorities, their origin and content shall be open to all. The collection, dissemination and delivery of documents, their preservation and publication may only be abridged by law for a democratic purpose, such as for the protection of personal privacy, the inviolacy of private life, the security of the state or the lawful activity of supervisory agencies. Limits of access to working documents may be enacted, provided that such limits are not more extensive than necessary in order to protect the normal working conditions of public authorities. Information on the reasons and the time limits for secrecy shall be available for all documents under lawful secrecy.
9. Right to Association - All shall be assured of the right to establish associations for a lawful purpose, including political parties and unions, without having to apply for a license. An association may not be dissolved through a government measure. No one may be obligated to be a member of an association. Such obligation may be imposed by law if it proves necessary for an association to perform its lawful role due to the public interest or the rights of others.
10. Right to Residence and Travel - All shall be free to choose their residence and be free to travel, subject to the limits of the law. No one may be prevented from leaving the country except by a court verdict. A person’s departure from the country may be halted with a lawful arrest. The law shall set the right of refugees and asylum seekers to a just and speedy deliberation.
11. Deprivation of Freedom - No one may be deprived of freedom except as authorized by law. Anyone who has been deprived of freedom has without delay the right to be apprised of the reason. Anyone who has been arrested for suspicion of having committed a punishable act shall without exception be brought before a judge. If the person is not released forthwith the judge shall, before 24 hours have passed, render a reasoned verdict whether the person shall be remanded into custody. Custody may only be applied for an offense punishable by a jail sentence. The right to appeal a remand into custody to a higher court shall be ensured by law. No one shall be remanded into custody longer than necessary. Anyone who for other reasons than a punishable offence is deprived of freedom has the right to have a court rule on its legality as soon as possible. Should a deprivation of freedom prove illegal the person shall be set free. If a person has been deprived of freedom for no justifiable reason he shall have the right to compensation.
12. Due Process of Law - All shall have the right to a resolution of their rights and duties or to be subject to the due process of law in cases where they are prosecuted for a punishable offense within a reasonable period before an independent and impartial court. Court sessions shall be open unless the judge rules otherwise in accordance with law in order to guard public safety, the security of the state or the interests of the parties to the case and witnesses. Anyone who is accused of a punishable offense shall be viewed as innocent until proven guilty.
13. Prohibition of Retroactive Punishment - No one shall be subjected to punishment unless having been found guilty of a punishable offense according to law at the time it took place or is deemed fully comparable to such an act. The punishment may not be more onerous than then allowed by law.
14. Prohibition of Compulsory Military Service - A compulsory military service may never be introduced into law.
15. Freedom of Enterprise - All shall be free to pursue the employment they choose. Adequate work conditions shall be stipulated by law, such as periods of rest, vacation and hours of leisure. All shall be accorded the right to fair pay and other work-related rights.

[The Imagination Animals]

https://www.nationstates.net/nation=the ... id=1394028

We have just posted our Constitution online.
The Chapters:
1. Government
2. Military
3. Foreign Relations
4. Domestic Provinces
5. Economics
6. National Sovereignty
7. Citizen Rights

[Philosocom]

The only "constitution" of Philosocom lies within its two policies that are stored in a specific page respectively. The first one is a service-level agreement and a privacy policy. Anyone interested in commenting on Philosocom should at least consider reading the SLA.

[Tinhampton]

Behold... for the most(?) part, anyway.

[Philosocom]

The policy page of Philosocom is the de-facto list of rules of the Main Web and its Outposts. It can be found at the bottom of the site. It is more of a service agreement than a constitution.

[Chiloshia]

A constitution was just declared in Chiloshia. As a summary

1.Bicameral Legislature. House of Lords and House of Commons. Head of Government is the Speaker of the House of Lords
2. The Emperor functions as Head of State and of the Executive Branch, holding presidential powers for life and passing them hereditarily.
3. An independent judiciary.

Article VI is the longest single article and serves to define the national character by the solidification of certain governmental stances on moral law (marriage, sex-essentialism, conscription, capital punishment for particularly egregious crimes) as constitutional, and to otherwise explicitly guarantee the populace rights to speech, arms, due process, fair trial, freedom from torture, free exercise of religion, life outside of capital crimes, etc. These two goals are often intermixed within sections based on topics like Defense, Life, Faith, etc, rather than separated.

It outlines an amendment process, but also places a clause delaying amendments for its first ten years of existence. And a full replacement process with a clause delaying for the first 20 years.

[Cascadian Rouge]

The Constitution of the Revolutionary State of Cascadia consists of 13 articles which make up the basic political framework of the state.

[Nova Secta]

So there are essentially two parts to the Constitution of the Novan Exemplarstate, completed two months apart from one another. The first section is tantamount to the country's Declaration of Independence in March 1436 CE called the Dissertatio Sipcens (Dissertation of Sipsey, after the small mountain community in which the framers of the Novan Constitution gathered to create their document); the second section, completed two months later in May and called the Tractatus Sapientes (Tractate on Wisdom) is the physical outline of the country's government and governing ideology, Apotheosism. Amendments to the Tractate on Wisdom come in the form of eponymous Tractates issued by the government: currently there are fifty-five (55) Tractates added to the treatise, ranging from the composition of the national legislative body (the Supreme Magisterium) to issues on Civil Rights to Green Energy, issues that wax and wane spanning the course of almost six centuries of governance under the current government in Sipsey, whose name was rechristened to Arxopolis in the constiution.

[The Union of British North America]

The Constitution of the North American Union is a hybrid one, where written and unwritten rules and laws make up the fundamental governmental order of the nation.

As a Westminister-inspired parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy is the overall description of the NAU's constitutional system. It favors gradualism, federalism, and the protection of political rights.

The Terms of Union 1867 is the main constitutional document, outlining procedures and definitive aspects of the federal constitution such as the nature of the federal government (the Viceroy, General Council of State, House of Commons, and the Judiciary, and its spheres of legislation; typically affecting inter-provincial and external trade, foreign relations, and defence but also an expanded role into supporting provincial domestic social spending) and the rights, duties, and prerogatives of the provinces (typically covering most domestic, local issues). It also outlines how to amend, alter, or modify the Terms of Union.

The Westminster system's conventions are based on how they are practiced in the British constitution. A Prime Minister is appointed by the Viceroy if he or she commands the confidence of the House of Commons. The NAU's somewhat unique method of having the House of Commons nominate someone to the Viceroy is a superficial departure from the purer Westminster form, and in all other aspects follows the tenets of responsible government.

[Wormfodder Delivery]

The Wormfodder Delivery Service does not possess a constitution.

[Pivnichia]

The Federal Technocracy of Alaska currently does not have a constitution yet due to lots of political turmoil in the past months.

[Independent South Africa]

constitution of the Dominion South Africa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_Act_1909

[The Ideal Caliphate]

The Qur'an is the constitution of The Caliphate.

[Tangatarehua]

Promulgated by Her Worship Te Kuia o Whenua, Awhinatia te hunga rawakore on December 9th 1979
Ratified by Te Whare o Tangata on March 8th 1980

Preamble:

It is the will of Te Kuia of Whenua [the Empress], anxious to protect the just rights of Her subjects and secure for them the blessings of liberty throughout her Empire and resolved that never again shall this nation be revisited by the horrors of war, that it is proclaimed that there shall be established this constitution, codifying the relationship between people and government and between the Empress and her subjects, in perpetuity until the end of time.

All previous laws, decrees and constitutions are herewith revoked and replaced by this constitution.

It is the desire of the people of the Empire for peace and freedom and thus we seek to create, maintain and secure it while also acknowledging our traditions, honouring our ancestors and forebears and ensuring that the Mana of the nation is entrenched and never diminished.

Upon this constitution we pledge our national honour.

ARTICLE 1:
The Empress

1. Te Kuia o Whenua [the Empress] is the embodiment of the nation and its spirit, the symbol of the state and the official head of state, who derives her Mana from divine ancestry, tradition and the will of the people.

2. Succession to the Imperial Throne shall be matriarchal and dynastic, in accordance with succession laws. Only members and descendants of the Ngati Puanga dynasty shall be eligible for the Imperial Throne.

3. The Imperial Throne shall be located in the Imperial capital city of Whakaara.

4. The Empress, as the ultimate authority in the land, shall reserve the power to veto legislation or any decree by the Rangatira.

5. The Empress shall be bound by, to and be the guarantor of the terms of this constitution.

6. The Empress shall appoint the Rangatira upon the advice of Te Kahui o Kaitiaki [the Council of Guardians] and possesses the authority to appoint the Mangai o Tangata [Prime Minister] upon the advice of Te Whare o Mangai [the House of Representatives].

7. The Empress may sign legislation into law, superseding the Rangatira or doing so in his absence if necessary.

8. The Empress continues to be ranked first in the order of precedence and at the top of the feudal hierarchy.

9. The Tapu [sacred] status of the Empress is recognised by this constitution.

10. The Empress shall appoint at will the Nui Tohunga and all Tohunga as the official head and embodiment of the state religion Tikanga Wairua.

11. The Empress retains the right to grant ceremonial titles and peerages and to dismiss members of the nobility, including the Rangatira.

12. The Empress may perform the following duties at will or in the absence of the Rangatira:
i. Dissolve and establish Parliament
ii. Appoint or dismiss Ministers of State
iii. Receive foreign ambassadors or ministers
iiii. Commute punishment or provide special amnesty and restoration of rights
v. Perform ceremonial functions

ARTICLE 2:
The Rangatira

1. Executive power shall be vested in the Rangatira

2. The Rangatira may, within the confines of the constitution and the law, pass decrees and/or executive orders.

3. The Rangatira shall retain sole responsibility for organising the foreign policy and defence of the Empire.

4. The Rangatira possesses the authority to veto or sign legislation into law, provided he does not infringe upon the rights established within this constitution.

5. The Rangatira may appoint Ministers of State including Te Mangai o Tangata, however he must do so only with the consent of Te Whare o Mangai [the House of Representatives].

6. The Rangatira may convene or dissolve Te Kahui o Katiaki at will.

7. The Rangatira, with consent from the Empress, may select, appoint or dismiss Kaitiaki or members of the Toa class.

8. The Rangatira shall serve for a life term, unless dismissed by the Empress or choosing to abdicate.

9. The Rangatira shall be elected by Te Kahui o Kaitiaki, with only a Kaitiaki eligible to become Rangatira. The Rangatira must be appointed and confirmed by the Empress.

10. Only the Rangatira may sign and negotiate treaties with foreign nations. In some circumstances ratification by Parliament may be required.

11. The Rangatira is the head of the Department of State which includes the Civil Service as well as the Foreign Office.

ARTICLE 3:
Rights and responsibilities of the people

1. The rights of citizenship shall be conferred by law

2. The rights of citizens are guaranteed by this constitution

3. The freedoms and rights of the people shall be abused neither by the government nor by the people in order to ensure and maintain public welfare.

4. All individuals have the right to life, liberty and happiness provided that this does not interfere with public welfare. Upholding these rights must be the principal consideration of all legislation and decrees.

5. Whilst we seek to honour the traditions and ways of our ancestors, aspects of the feudal hierarchy are herewith amended to ensure that discrimination on the basis of class or caste is prohibited. All people shall be equal before the law.

6. The following are designated inalienable rights:
i. Freedom of speech
ii. Freedom of religion
iii. Freedom of thought
iiii. Freedom of conscience
v. Freedom of association
vi. Freedom of movement
vii. Academic, media, press and political freedom
viii. Freedom from non-consensual marriage
ix. Freedom from slavery
x. The right to education, healthcare and public welfare

7. Citizens aged 21 or over have the right to elect Mangai [Representatives] to Te Whare o Mangai by secret ballot. Citizens may also stand for election or stand for election to an office of Hapu Whenua.

8. Citizens have the right to form or join political parties of any ideology provided that such political parties are not unconstitutional in nature. Fascism and fascist political parties are herewith outlawed, as are parties deemed 'extremist'.

9. Discrimination on the basis of gender or race is prohibited.

10. The right to own property is guaranteed

11. The right to a speedy, open trial by jury is guaranteed. Unlawful search or seizure is prohibited as is forced confession and prolonged arrest.

12. Torture, cruel and unusual punishment and the practice of ritual cannibalism (kaitangata) is herewith prohibited.

13. No citizen shall be held criminally liable for an act that was lawful at the time it was committed, or of which they were acquitted and nor shall they be placed in double jeopardy.

14. Citizens have the right to sue the state for redress in the event of wrongful conviction, detainment, arrest or otherwise abuse of human rights or illegal act by government officials.

ARTICLE 4:
Renunciation of War

1. Aspiring to an international peace based on justice and order, the Empire of Tangatarehua forever renounces the right to declare war or use the threat of force as a means to settle international disputes. The right of the belligerency of the state shall not be recognised and the Imperial Army, Imperial Navy and Imperial Air Force shall be disbanded and never be maintained.

2. The Empire of Tangatarehua renounces, in perpetuity, the right to possess, develop or maintain nuclear weapons. It shall be the official position of the Empire that weapons of mass destruction and nuclear weapons should be banned internationally.

3. Nuclear weapons shall be banned from the land and from the territorial waters.

4. The Empire is permitted to maintain a small self-defence force, commanded by the Rangatira, for strictly defensive purposes only.

ARTICLE 5:
Parliament

1. Legislative power shall be invested in Te Whare o Tangata [Parliament].

2. Te Whare o Tangata shall consist of two houses, Te Kahui o Kaitiaki [the Council of Guardians] and Te Whare o Mangai [the House of Representatives].

3. Te Whare o Mangai shall consist of elected members, representative of the people.

4. All citizens aged 21 and over who are of Toa class or below are qualified for membership of Te Whare o Mangai and there shall be no discrimination on the basis of sex, race, creed, social status, education, property or income. Anyone of Kaitiaki class or higher is not eligible for office. Discrimination on the basis of class, notwithstanding the aforementioned, is prohibited.

5. Membership of Te Kahui o Kaitiaki is restricted only to the 21 Iwi Kaitiaki [Regional Guardians]. Kaitiaki are selected for a life term, unless otherwise dismissed by either the Rangatira or Empress.

6. The term of office for Te Whare o Mangai shall be three years. The House of Representatives must dissolve no later than three weeks prior to the third anniversary of the previous election. The Mangai o Tangata [Prime Minister] may request an earlier dissolution of Parliament or an earlier election date, but may not extend the term of Parliament beyond three years under any circumstances.

7. The number of seats in the House of Representatives shall be fixed approximately to one seat for every one million citizens. Two thirds of the seats will be for single-member constituencies while the remaining third will be delegated proportionally to any political party that achieves more than 5% of the total ballots cast according to the party list system prescribed by law.

8. No person may be a member of both houses simultaneously. The Rangatira and members of the Imperial Family may not become members of Parliament.

9. Members of both houses shall have Parliamentary privilege and cannot be held legally liable for statements, speeches, votes cast or debates held within Parliament.

10. The first duty of the House of Representatives shall be to elect the Mangai o Tangata [Prime Minister] who shall preside over the legislature as well as the Department of the Treasury.

11. The Prime Minister is recognised as head of the legislature and the treasury, but is not the head of government or to hold any significant executive power beyond their position as head of the treasury and legislature.

12. Members of both houses must appear when their presence is required and are permitted to appear in Parliament at any time.

13. Extraordinary sessions of Parliament may be convened in times of national emergency, but only with express approval from the Empress.

14. In the event of a conflict between the two houses, the House of Representatives may override a decision taken by the Council of Guardians with a 75% supermajority vote. This excludes conflicts over the budget in which case the House of Representatives requires only a simple majority.

15. The House of Representatives shall, in extraordinary cases of gross misconduct by a member or government official, have the power of impeachment. If an individual is impeached by the House of Representatives they will then go to trial by the Council of Guardians, who will hold the power to convict or acquit an impeached individual.

ARTICLE 6:
The Judiciary

1. Judicial power is invested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by law.

2. Recognising the special status of Tikanga Wairua, the traditions of the nation and the moral guidance provided by the state religion, the Nui Tohunga shall concurrently serve as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

3. Supreme Court judges must be of the Tohunga class, however lower courts permit the establishment of Kaumatua or particularly learned Kaihu class as judges. Judges shall be appointed by the Empress, on the advice of Parliament.

4. Judges may be removed from office via impeachment, as set out in Article 5. In extraordinary cases they may also be removed if they lose the confidence of Her Worship the Empress.

5. This constitution recognises the position of customary and religious law, however statutes by Parliament will always take precedence over customary law.

6. Trials shall be conducted and judgment declared publicly. Where a court unanimously determines publicity to be dangerous to public order or that it may impede the defendant's right to a fair trial, a trial may be conducted privately. Any trial related to corruption, human rights or conduct of a government or noble official must be held publicly in all circumstances.

ARTICLE 7:
Finance

1. The power to administer national finances rests solely with Parliament. The Prime Minister shall head the Department of the Treasury.

2. No taxation or expenditure is permitted without authorisation by Parliament or the Prime Minister.

3. The Prime Minister shall present a budget to Parliament each fiscal year for consideration and decision. If a Prime Minister is unable to gain support from the House of Representatives to pass a budget they shall be deemed to have lost confidence of the House and thus a new Prime Minister must be elected or else Parliament must be dissolved.

4. In the case of unforeseen emergencies or deficiencies in the budget, a reserve fund may be used for expenditure but only with approval from the Parliament as well as the Empress.

5. All property of Ngati Puanga [the Imperial Household] shall be property of the state. All expenses of Ngati Puanga shall be appropriated for by Parliament.

6. The Department of Treasury is required by law to transparent with the public on all matter of public expenditure, and the Prime Minister is expected to report regularly on the state of public finances.

ARTICLE 8:
Religion

1. Tikanga Wairua is recognised as the official state religion. The Empress shall be its symbolic head while the Nui Tohunga shall be its chief governor.

2. Tikanga Wairua shall function as if a corporate entity wholly owned by the state.

3. The Nui Tohunga, in addition to their judicial roles, are also required to perform ceremonial roles especially during the coronation of a new Empress.

4. In the event of the death or abdication of an Empress, Tikanga Wairua shall become temporary custodians of the Whetu Tapu Taonga [Seven Sacred Treasures].

5. All citizens of Tangatarehua have freedom of religion as per Article 3 and Tikanga Wairua and its beliefs may not be forced upon any man, woman or child without consent.

ARTICLE 9:
Amendments

1. Amendments to this constitution may be initiated by Te Whare o Tangata with a 75% supermajority in both houses and with the consent of the Empress.

2. The Rangatira may not promulgate, campaign for or ratify constitutional amendments.

3. Amendments to the constitution may be initiated by the Empress but require ratification by a 75% supermajority of Te Whare o Tangata.

5. If a 75% supermajority cannot be obtained then ratification may be obtained through a majority via nationwide referendum.

ARTICLE 10:
Supreme Law

1. This constitution shall be supreme law of the land, and no ordnance, law, religious proclamation, decree or statute contrary to its provisions shall have legal force or validity.

2. The Empress, Rangatira, Prime Minister, Kaitiaki, Representatives of Parliament, government officials and nobility have an obligation to respect and uphold this constutition.

3. The hierarchy of law in Tangatarehua shall be as follows:

i. Supreme Law [This constitution]
ii. Statutory law [Passed by Parliament]
iii. Extraordinary decrees by the Empress
iiii. Decrees by the Rangatira
v. Customary law [of Tikanga Wairua]

[Great Nortend]

There is no formal single constitution in Great Nortend. Traditionally, there has not been the concept of a „constitution” in Nortish jurisprudence. Rather, the 1361 legal code, the Regni Leges, forms the basis for the modern law of Great Nortend as a restatement or declaration of the existing customary and statute law of the land. The law as conceptualised in Great Nortend is the manifestation of the natural right („jus naturale”) which comes from God passing through the Sovereign who is Lord over the Realm and fount of right („fons juris”). Statutes and other law thus do not alter the natural right, but rather merely „arights” the law for „right must arise out of the law” („jus ex lege oriendum”). Hence, Nortish law rejects the heathen idea that „rex non potest peccare” for „lex quod justum est”. However „nemo regem potest judicare”.

[The Jamesian Republic]

https://www.nationstates.net/nation=the ... id=1431918

Some additional information: There are officially three branches of government similar to the United States. They have the same powers but with some differences. The legislature has two houses. The Senate and House of Representatives. A Supreme Court that is elected every 10 years. Since there are nine judges the nation is divided into 9 judicial voting districts. Every district has two candidates to choose from and they vote for their candidate. The candidate with the most votes wins. Congress and The President has the ability to initiate a national referendum with a two thirds majority.

Every 19 years the constitution is rewritten from the ground up. So this is the 10th one.

[Wizlandia]

Constitution of Wizlandia

---

Probably a bit long to read, so a quick summary of the most important parts:
1. Federal bicameral parliamentary system with an independent judiciary.
2. House of Commons elected every four years, 400 from electoral districts via a ranked choice voting method, 400 by proportional representation.
3. Senate is a continuous body, each State has 10 senators with an election every 2 years via a ranked choice voting method. Senators term is 20 years, and can't run for re-election or for any political office after his term is completed.
4. For most laws, and for any budget that increases or levies new federal taxes, the law must pass both chambers by 3/5ths vote. Repealing a law requires only a majority from both chambers.
5. Constitutional limits on the size of federal taxes and expenditures, and prohibition on subsidising or taxing State policies.
6. Sections of the Constitution dealing with civil liberties and limits on federal finances can be suspended for four years with 2/3rds support of both chambers.
7. Executive power is held by an Executive Council of eight. Executive branch can be appointed and removed by the lower House with a simple majority (mostly, there are couple of exceptions).
8. The Senate has supreme command of the military.
9. Supreme Court has at most eleven judges, and each judge serves a single 22 year term. Judges are appointed by 3/5ths of the Senate and can only be removed by 3/4ths of the Senate.
10. Elections are run by a non-partisan Election Board, whose members have lifetime membership, and each State can appoint one member per year.
11. States may be admitted with a majority from both chambers.
12. States may secede with a 2/3rds vote of its Legislature and assent from its Governor.
13. Guaranteed civil liberties including equal protection of the law, free speech, free movement, property rights, and due process rights, subject only to #6.
14. Amendments require consent from 3/4ths of both chambers and 3/4ths of the State Legislatures.

[Caleonia]

It’s so big I have to put it into a google doc. I have more important remnants such as this.

[Luziyca]

This is Rwizikuru's most recent constitution, adopted in 2020 due to international pressure (mostly related to Rwizikuru's corruption), which makes it a constitutional monarchy. From 1968 to 2020, Rwizikuru had a Basic Law which gave the reigning monarch free rein to do whatever he wanted, and from Rwizikuru's independence until 1968, it had a constitution which designated Rwizikuru as a Republic.

[Lietuvan High Kingdom]

"Constitutions only authorize such involuntary governments as the world has yet seen, or have been powerless to prevent them. In either case, they are unfit to exist." - High Queen Varna I, paraphrasing Lysander Spooner.