Democracy and Freedom Index (CLOSED)

[Plaetopia]

Updated.

Updated.

This question is missing.

Fixed! (that's what happens when I post at 3 AM)

Fine! Urban Communes is now ranked with a score of 7.07 (Mostly Free).

[Nucleous Union]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? Elections.
How is the national legislature selected? The head of state/legislature is the national legislature.
Are elections considered free and fair? No.
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? Voting is mandatory. The turnout seems to be 100%, but that's primarily because of fraud votes.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory? The (not freely elected) national government can successfully develop and implement new policies, although they often advance the interests of the government at the expense of the people. Government authority extends over the full national territory, although the provinces have high autonomy (some of which illegally ignore the policies enacted).
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments? The head of state/legislature is the national legislature. There are virtually no restrictions on the government's ability to pass laws.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)? The head of state/legislature is the national legislature.
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated) 8. There are no checks and balances, the government/state controls the economy (strictly rationing resources), and most of the tax money it collects goes to the head of state/government.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated) 2. The government is corrupt (see above) and often lies to the public to remain in power.
Is there an independent judiciary? No.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? No.
Is there freedom of religion? No. Atheism is required.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? No. In fact, education is full of propaganda favoring the current "Progressive" government.
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? No.
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? No.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? No. The judicial system acts less to pursue justice and more to quell dissent.
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? No.
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Yes.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? No, private property is (mostly) prohibited.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? Everyone in the country is considered a citizen. This includes illegal immigrants.
Who is able to vote in elections? Everyone who is at least 16 years old and completes an (indoctrinated) education test.
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? No, ethnic minorities and the LGBT community get extra benefits that the "majority" doesn't have (e.g. protection against "hate speech").
Are the above groups well represented in government? No.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group?

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index?

[Pooshland]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? Elected in free elections
How is the national legislature selected? Directly elected by citizens in proportional system of voting
Are elections considered free and fair? Yes
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? Voting is not mandatory, last election saw a 65% turnout.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory? Yes
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments? Yes, it has. However, its restrictions cannot restrict freedom of market, which is protected by constituion.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)? No
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated) 3 Because government does not put many regulations upon its citizens, there is little place for corruption to happen.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated) 9 Government is small and efficient, and thanks to this its activity is transparent.
Is there an independent judiciary? Yes

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? Yes
Is there freedom of religion? Yes
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? Yes
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? Yes
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? Yes, but only on private property, when its owner said there can be protest or something.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? Yes
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? Yes
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Yes - this is guaranteed by the constitution
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? Yes - this is also guaranteed by the constitution

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? Birth/naturalisation
Who is able to vote in elections? All citizens aged over 18
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? Yes
Are the above groups well represented in government? It's up to voters

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? No

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index?

[S-Hertogenbosch]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected?
The bishop is appointed by His Holiness the Pope. However, the Cathedral Chapter gets to send a so-called "terna", i.e. a list of three proposed candidates. The Pope usually picks one of these candidates and it is considered very rude if he chooses someone who was not on the list.

How is the national legislature selected?
The Cathedral Chapter is appointed by the bishop. The Diocesan Synod (held once a year) is attended by all the parish priests, who are also appointed by the bishop.

Are elections considered free and fair?
The members (Kerkmeesters) of the parish council (Kerkbestuur) elect their own successors.

Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory?
Voting is mandatory; only the members of the parish council take part in the elections.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory?
The bishop can develop and implement new policies, as long as they are in accordance with Holy Scripture and the Tradition of the Church.

Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments?
No. As the bishop is the only law-giver at a synod, it belongs to him to draw up the various decrees which he may wish to promulgate at its sessions. While he convokes the synod by his own authority and is not required to consult his Chapter concerning the convocation or its preparatory acts, yet he must ask the counsel of his Chapter or diocesan consultors as to the decrees he desires to enact, though he is not bound to follow their advice. The bishop is exhorted, in the formation of his decrees, to hold private conferences with the prudent, learned, and pious clerics of his diocese, and then to consult his Chapter on the proposed statutes thus formed. Only in this way does the bishop deliberate with the clergy of his diocese at a Synod, and though the finished decrees will receive all their authority from him, yet it is consonant with the mind of the Church that, in the formation of the statutes, the opinion of the clergy be heard and considered.

Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)?
Yes, by legal means. At the Synod the decrees determined on by the bishop are promulgated, and a period of two months is allowed for having recourse against them to the bishop or the Holy See. All the clergy and laity of the diocese are bound by these decrees, and it is not necessary for the bishop to send his statutes to Rome for revision before publication. Exempt regulars are bound to observe diocesan decrees in all things which concern the sacred canons, the Constitutions of popes and councils, and the decrees of the Sacred Roman Congregations.

From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated)
3. The Church is led by humans and therefore mistakes are made. Especially on the local level, there are some parish priests who are more lenient towards those who generously give during the collection.

From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated)
5. All the decrees, public letters and documents promulgated by the bishop, are published so that the clergy and people might read them. But the people do not normally read these decrees. So to them, the activity of the government is not always transparent.

Is there an independent judiciary?
Yes, the Ecclesiastical Court.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media?
Yes, there are several independent Catholic newspapers, radio stations and television stations.

Is there freedom of religion?
The people are free to practice the Roman Catholic faith. All other religions are forbidden.

Is education free of political interference or indoctrination?
No, the Roman Catholic faith must be taught in all schools in the diocese.

Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution?
Those who persist in their sins, are not admitted to the Sacraments and in severe cases, they can be excommunicated and will be denied a Catholic funeral.

Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice?
Yes, there is freedom of assembly and peaceful protests are allowed and they are able to proceed in practice.

Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice?
Yes, the Ecclesiastical Court follows Church law.

Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment?
Yes, they can move freely inside the diocese and they are allowed to travel abroad.

Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)?
As long as it is decent, individuals have control over appearance. They can freely choose marriage partners. Contraception is forbidden. Domestic violence is not very common; the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary and Joseph is commonly held up to the people as an example of family life.

Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected?
Yes.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined?
Those who are Catholic (i.e. baptised in the Catholic Church) and are domiciled in the diocese, are citizens.

Who is able to vote in elections?
The Kerkmeesters are able to vote in elections for the Kerkbestuur.

Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally?
Everyone is treated equally, everyone has the right to be treated according to the law.

Are the above groups well represented in government?
Women do not belong in the government. The other groups are represented in government indeed.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group?
Atheists and those who do profess different religions, are expelled from the diocese.

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index?
N/A

[Plaetopia]

Updated.

[Prusenreich]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? Absolute Cognatic gavelkind
[b]How is the national legislature selected?
The nobility meet and advise the monarch
Are elections considered free and fair?
It's a absolute monarchy
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory?
It's a monarchy
SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory?
The Kaiser's authority is absolute in all cases and local courts may follow issues
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments?
We have a constitution that the king can edit
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)?
Yes the Kaiser writes the laws can can change them at will
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated)
1 45% of the monthly budget is spent on rooting out corruption
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated)
4 If Nobles or town mayors (from the major cities) ask about government policy the Kaiser may tell them
Is there an independent judiciary?
We have local courts but the Kaiser can overule any judgment
CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media?
No most printing presses go through a government board the approves books
Is there freedom of religion?
You are allowed to carry out your worship in private
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination?
No we just study the benefits of monarchy
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution?
Any threat to the peace may be met with consequences
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice?
Protests that cause a major disruption to the order may be asked to dissolve
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice?
We have a fair and unbiased court system where Judges may not be allowed to handle crimes in their local area to remove bias
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment?
If you can you are allowed to go to countries we are not at war with however due to out technology cross ocean of long distance travel is difficult (we are in the 1800s)
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)?
They can control appearance unless it is imitating a government official to gain benefits.a marriages are not government forced and family size is not required . Fighting among married couples is not recorded nor a concern of the state unless it leads to fighting in public areas or serious injury
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected?
The right of every man and woman to their family property is protected by law and business are allowed to be set up as long as they fill out the proper forms and don't sell anything illegal
PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined?
Do you have a residence or living space In the country
Who is able to vote in elections?
You are allowed to vote for the mayor as long as you live in the city or the area around it
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally?
The government will treat all citizens equally .
Are the above groups well represented in government?
It's the 1800s the public still thinks gay is a disease. Women inherit and are allowed the same rights as men. Ethnic Minorities are taught German as the only minorities are really the poles , bohemian , some Italians.
OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? We teach the Prussian dialect of German in school .
Also everyone must after 16 have army training

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index?

[Democratic Republic of Eiria]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? Elected directly by the people
How is the national legislature selected? Elected by the people
Are elections considered free and fair? Yes. Corruption is near non-existent, and several associations, both within the government and outside it, investigate the candidates and monitor for corruption
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? 73%. Voting is Voluntary, but highly recommend and extremely common.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory? The Senate can Implement new laws and change old ones. The Senate does have Legislative Authority, however if a law is obviously corrupt or against Eirian Values, an investigation may be held, and the law may be overturned by a Voting Referendum, in which the people may vote.
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments? Practically no restrictions, as long as they adhere to international law and the Eirian Constitution, as well as Eirian Values of Free Speech and Expression.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)?
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated) 1. As said above, corruption is almost non-existent, thanks to transparent Government processes, and heavy monitoring from Anti-Corruption Agencies(Namely the Guard of the Republic and Providence).
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated) 9. The Press has a spot on almost everything that happens in government. The only way Members of the Press can be blocked from viewing something is if it has a level of Classification S8 and above (The S stands for security, and it goes from 0-11, 0 is common knowledge internationally, 11 is Chancellor, Senate, Cabinet and top Generals.), And Deemed Top Secret by The Chancellor, or hand a Motion of Secrecy put forward by a Committee.
Is there an independent judiciary? Yes. Political Views are not involved in the Eirian Judicial System. There is the Eirian High Judiciary Council, with 18 justices, as the highest court in the nation, able to flag bills and laws as against Eirian Values.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? Yes. Media is completely independent of the government, and the government cannot interfere, except in certain circumstances, such as a press organization blatantly lying to its viewers.
Is there freedom of religion? Yes. Discrimination by religion is illegal.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? Yes. Education is free of Bias or Politically charged ideals.
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? Yes. The right to protest is vital to the Eirian Democracy.
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? Yes, as long as they aren't violating private property laws or rioting.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? Due Process is Guaranteed, with a fair trial, humane conditions, and an unbiased investigation.
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? Yes.
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Basic Freedoms are Guaranteed. Anyone over the legal age of 18 may marry, and unconsenting arranged marriages are forbidden. Unpunished Domestic Violence is rare, and Domestic Violence is illegal.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? Yes, and Property rights are protected by law.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? If you are born here, or have lived here for six months under visa and have filled out a J-459 form and had it approved, you are a citizen.
Who is able to vote in elections? Any citizen.
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? Yes. Full equality, no matter who you are.
Are the above groups well represented in government? Yes. Our Chancellor is Bi, our Chief Justice is Lesbian, and ethnic minorities are well represented in the Senate and as Judges.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? No, and to do so is illegal.

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index? None.

[HerpDeDerp]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? Proportional Voting system
How is the national legislature selected? A STAR voting system.
Are elections considered free and fair? Yes
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? Voting is not mandatory. 65% because we only really had hlaf of the country at that time

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory? Yes, they can implement new policies. Yes, government authority is over our whole territory, but local governments also have alot of power.
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments? Constitutional amendments are voted on by the populace.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)? No, other than veto power.
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated) 3
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated) 7
Is there an independent judiciary? Yes

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? Yes
Is there freedom of religion? Yes
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? No
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? Yes
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? Yes, with permit.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? yes and yes
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? Yes
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Yes, yes, and fairly uncommon.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? Yes and yes, we have banned imminent domain.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? Still working on it.
Who is able to vote in elections? All citizens
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? Yes, except for bureaucrats from the dictatorship. They are forced to live in labor camps that they originally made.
Are the above groups well represented in government? Yes, other than the former bureaucrats.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? No

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index? not really

[Kamotel]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected?
The Consul, head of state, is elected by a popular majority vote.
The Prime Minister, head of government, is elected by the Parliament.

How is the national legislature selected?
The Parliament is elected in every four years with a party-list proportional representation system.
The Canton Houses are elected in the same way.

Are elections considered free and fair? Yes.
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? 60-70 percent of the eligible population. Voting is voluntary.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory? Yes. The Parliament can pass legislation with a simple majority, except in the case of a veto by the Consul, which can be overturned by a two-thirds supermajority. Amendments to the Constitution require a two-thirds supermajority in the Parliament and the approval of the public through a mandatory referendum.
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments? Yes. See above.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)? No. The Parliament is sovereign, except insofar as it cannot amend or repeal the Commonwealth Charter, nor avert the provisions contained therein.
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated) 2
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated) 9
Is there an independent judiciary? Yes.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? Yes. There is no state media, except for the dissemination of information by government agencies, and state censorship of media that is not incitement or fraud is illegal.
Is there freedom of religion? Yes.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? Yes; education is privatised.
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? Yes.
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? Yes. Peaceful protest is permitted so far as it is non-obstructive (practices like traffic obstruction are disallowed).
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice?
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? Yes. The freedom to move within the country, or to enter or leave the country, is protected for all persons, including non-residents.
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Yes. Yes, yes, not common.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? Yes. There are few bureaucratic barriers to beginning and running a business. Private property is always protected, and the compulsory purchase of property or nationalisation of private assets is illegal.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? All whom are born in this country are citizens by birthright. Legal residents may apply for naturalisation once they have lived in the country for four years.
Who is able to vote in elections? All citizens of at least 21 years of age.
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? Yes.
Are the above groups well represented in government? They are not represented proportionally.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? No.

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index?

[Aikoland]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected?
Empress Élisabeth IV, the head of state, inherited the throne following the abdication of her father, Édouard IV, in 1992.

Prime Minister Mélodie Bélanger, the head of government, was appointed by the monarch after her party gained the majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies in the 2015 Chamber of Deputies election.

How is the national legislature selected?
Both chambers of Parliament are elected via party-list proportional representation with a 3% electoral threshold.

In the Chamber of Deputies, the lower chamber, elections are scheduled to occur six years following the previous election, although they can occur early if a motion of no-confidence passes (and Her Majesty's Government does not resign) or if 75% of Deputies vote in favour of an early dissolution and election. Regardless of how an election occurs, all 115 seats go up for election in a single nationwide constituency.

In the Senate, the upper chamber, elections occur every two years with elections being staggered. As each of the three states sends ten Senators, during each election, ten Senators will go up for reelection in the order of Senators from Aiko, Senators from Boullién, and Senators from Saun.

Are elections considered free and fair?
Yes

Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory?
In the most recent elections, which were Senatorial elections for the State of Aiko, saw 28% turnout compared to the overall nationwide (although keep in mind, within the State of Aiko itself, the elections had 62% turnout)

In the most recent nationwide elections, the 2015 Chamber of Deputies election, had 67% turnout.

Voting is not mandatory in Aikoland.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory?
Yes to both questions.

Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments?
The legislative initiative mostly belongs to the Chamber of Deputies, although constitutional amendments can originate from either chamber of Parliament. There are virtually no restrictions on the ability for the Chamber of Deputies to pass new laws, although the Senate must review all legislation approved by the lower chamber and temporarily delay its passing by amending it and sending it back to the lower chamber for a revote (which can only be done three times per piece of legislation) and the Senate can fully block up to six pieces of legislation per year from passing into law.

When it comes to the ability to amend the constitution, they must pass both chambers of Parliament with a 75% majority and the following constitutional subjects cannot be amended:
- The parliamentary system of government
- The electoral system
- The status of the monarchy
- Basic human rights and dignities

Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)?
No, the executive (in this case, the Prime Minister, as head of government) is subordinate to the legislature.

From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption?
3.5

From 1-10, how transparent is government activity?
8.0

Is there an independent judiciary?
Yes, although judges on the Supreme Court are appointed by the Senate.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media?
Yes, although there does exist a public broadcaster which operates independently of the government.

Is there freedom of religion?
Yes, the freedom of religion is constitutionally enshrined.

Is education free of political interference or indoctrination?
Yes.

Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution?
Yes.

Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice?
Yes.

Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice?
Yes to both.

Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment?
Yes.

Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)?
Yes

Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected?
Yes to both.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined?
Citizenship by birth requires at least one parent to hold Aikolandais citizenship. Foreign nationals can apply for permanent residency status after having lived in Aikoland for five years and then apply for citizenship after having lived with permanent residency status for eight years.

Who is able to vote in elections?
All citizens aged 18 or older.

Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally?
Yes

Are the above groups well represented in government?
The government does not have any policies regarding minority representation in government - this is up to the voters.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group?
No

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index?

[South Javad]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected?
The head of state is elected by the Central Committee, which is in turn elected by the Legislative Assembly

How is the national legislature selected?
The Legislative Assembly is elected directly by the citizenry

Are elections considered free and fair?
Not typically by international observers. The only candidates are members of the Worker's Party, but they are competitive and have very little corruption.

Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory?
Voting is not mandatory, however, the last election saw a 90% turnout


SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory?
Yes

Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments?
The Legislative Assembly does have legislative initiative, and can pass any law by simple majority

Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)?
The Central Committee has no control over the workings of the Legislative Assembly, financial or otherwise. The Central Committee can however, dissolve the Assembly at the end of five-years or as demanded by a plebiscite

From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated)
4. It was far more prevalent before harsh anti-corruption campaigns were carried out

From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated)
8. The government makes available the business of all committees and assemblies on a regular basis. Citizens are encouraged to stay informed and to hold their local authorities accountable.

Is there an independent judiciary?
Yes

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media?
All media is state owned

Is there freedom of religion?
Yes

Is education free of political interference or indoctrination?
Political education is a major part of the education system

Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution?
Within limits. Incitement to counterrevolution or hatred is not tolerated

Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice?
Yes. Protests do not even legally have to be peaceful in order to be lawful

Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice?
Yes

Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment?
Within the country, yes. Internationally, one can expect restrictions on one's ability to travel. These restrictions are aimed at preventing brain drain

Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)?
Individuals have social freedoms. Domestic violence is uncommon and is prosecuted harshly

Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected?
No


PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined?
Citizenship may be obtained by birthright or naturalization.

Who is able to vote in elections?
Citizens over the age of 16

Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally?
Yes

Are the above groups well represented in government?
Yes


OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group?
Only the rich

[Eispana]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? They are elected by parliament who are themselves were elected by the popular vote.
How is the national legislature selected? Through elections every 4 years.
Are elections considered free and fair? Yes
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? 95%

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory? Yes all of the nation is under government control and administration.
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments? Yes
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)? Yes
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? 8, the People's Reconstruction Party which is the current ruling party has a very strong ethics committee to oversee corruption, Parliament likewise also has oversight committees and our nation's national investigative services are there to check up on things as well.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? 7, Eispana holds things as secret for the sake of national security and public well-being somethings are not meant for people to know or even should know, but otherwise we are an open and transparent nation.
Is there an independent judiciary? Yes there is.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? Of course
Is there freedom of religion? Yes, however religions may not denounce each other, call to terrorism, radicalization or reactionary views that contradict our nation's values and must coexist with everyone's spirituality or lack thereof the nation believes in both freedom of religion and Freedom From It.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? Schools teach only factual information, no pseudoscience, Fascist apologia, etc.
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? Of course it is a value we cherish.
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? Yup
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? Yes
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? Yes
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Absolutely freedom of expression is central to our people in clothes, makeup, hair and everything.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? Yes

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? By naturalization or by birth to Spanish parents there is also a return law allowing descendants of Spanish citizens or people to claim citizenship.
Who is able to vote in elections? Everyone except prisoners and people convicted of certain crimes like terrorism or any hate related crime, other prisoners must wait 3 years to be allowed to vote again.
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? Yes
Are the above groups well represented in government? Yes

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? No

---

Any suggestions for future editions of the index? Maybe more social issues otherwise its great.

[Anovan]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? Popular vote. Must have a simple majority, if not there will be a run-off
How is the national legislature selected? Representatives are generally elected through the single transferable voting system. However, there are a few provinces where neighbourhoods can vote in blocks (all votes count towards one candidate).
Are elections considered free and fair? In most places yes, but in some provinces, many representatives are from the same aristocratic families.
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? 76%, usually stays around 70-75%. Voting is not mandatory.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory? Yes. Government authority does not extend to certain regions considered sacred or traditional land.
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments? The legislature is mostly free. Concerning some issues, such as declarations of war, it must consult with certain spiritual authorities for advice.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)? The executive has little influence over the legislature. The legislature has traditional/religious clout which protects it from most interference.
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated) 9. The government is quite small and most things are deregulated. Strict oversight of government activity by overseers selected by lot makes the government do what it says or not do anything at all.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated) 8. Most government business/decisions must be made public and the decision making process is scrutinized by overseers who publish public reports. There is some secrecy in matters of religious affairs as that concerns traditional customs which must be kept hidden.
Is there an independent judiciary? Yes, the judiciary is selected by lot. Any adult could be selected to serve.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? Yes. The government has its own official news network outside of which it cannot interfere in.
Is there freedom of religion? Yes, though the government does publicly support local religious practices.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? While there is little political interference, because education is decentralized, education is heavily influenced by the culture(s) present in each school's location.
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? So long as it is non-violent, dissent is generally tolerated.
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? Generally yes, though some extremist groups are outlawed. Peaceful, and sometimes not so peaceful, protests are allowed on public property.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? All citizens have the same basic protections and undergo the same basic procedures, except for certain traditional communities which may have their own customs. This is generally true in practice.
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? There is little monitoring of people's movements.
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Legally yes. Regarding these issues, people tend to follow their cultures or communities. All forms of violence can be prosecuted.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? Business is mostly deregulated. Private property is limited to homes/residences, everything else is public/communal property which can be used simply with the permission of the local government.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? Anyone who has resided in the country for an extended period of time (at least 2 years) and their children are recognized as citizens.
Who is able to vote in elections? All citizens may vote.
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? No legal discrimination, but there might be local intolerance.
Are the above groups well represented in government? Proportionally yes, but in some provinces not very.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? No.

---

Any suggestions for future editions of the index?

[Catarra]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? By open elections
How is the national legislature selected? By general elections.
Are elections considered free and fair? They are.
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? Voting is not mandatory. Normally votes on average a 70% of the census.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory? Yes, We are not a failed State.
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments? The lesgislature have the restriction to have a qualified majority to pass laws. More yes than nos for regular laws. And, a 50+1% yes of parliament for key laws. Also for constitutional amends a higher proportion of 66% i needed and then has to be approved by referendum.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)? No. The President can in certain ocasion dissolve the Legisltive and force elections. Also the parliament can force a otion of censure on the Executive or the President.
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated) 2-3 There is corruption, according international standards we're a quite clean country.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated) 7-8. Government regularly explains it's decisions and normally regular government activities are made public. those are fiscalized by the parliament and the press.
Is there an independent judiciary? Yes.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? Yes medias are independent. Even state medias are expected to be neutral.
Is there freedom of religion? yes.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? Yes.
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? Yes.
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? They are.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? Yes.
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? Yes. except in very few exceptions. As the person is being judged.
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Yes, arranged marriage can be a cause of annulment. Domestic violence is persistent some cases are reported yearly. It's police duty to protect the victims.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected?
Yes to both.
PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? By birth (of at least one catarran parent) or legal residence.
Who is able to vote in elections? all citizens over 18.
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? Discrimination is illegal.
Are the above groups well represented in government? not exactly but women government members, recognized LGBTI or minorities (migrant descendants) proportion in Govt has been growing in the same way that happens in the sciety en general.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? No.

---

Any suggestions for future editions of the index?

[Refuge Isle]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected?
The title of Arch-Administrator is passed down to the next highest ranking administrator upon death or retirement. In 77 years, this has only occurred when the Arch-Administrator was killed in battle or fell into a river of lava on "accident."

How is the national legislature selected?
Elections for civil servant heads are conducted on two or three year cycles and are typically considered non-partisan.

Are elections considered free and fair?
Election integrity is bullet proof.

Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory?
Voting is not mandatory. Turnout is typically expected to be between 70 and 80 percent.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to successfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory?
Department heads are largely able to develop their own policies and run their respective areas to the best of their ability and in the the manner in which they see fit. The government's authority over its land and dependencies is considered absolute. Still, there are areas in the north west that are so empty and full of abandoned ruins that they don't occupy a thought.

Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments?
Policies must comply with the Code of Conduct (constitution).

Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)?
The administrators or Arch-Administrator is able to veto policies or overturn policies if a member challenges its legality. Dismissal of civil servant heads is technically possible, but is not done as it would be a controversial use of authority.

From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated)
1 - Integrity is considered the strongest characteristic of the nation.

From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated)
7 - Public policy in the form of budgets, procedures, and structures are transparent and published for the masses. However, upper staff meetings are private, as is most of the upper floors of the admin tower.

Is there an independent judiciary?
No. Legality challenges are directed to the administration and the Arch-Administrator is the highest ruling authority.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media?
Yes, it operates without restriction.

Is there freedom of religion?
Yes, the right to your religion is protected by law.

Is education free of political interference or indoctrination?
Education within the Isle is considered neutral.

Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution?
Members are welcome to voice dissenting or alternate opinions and hold debates on the merits of their idea at the ground floor of the Admin Tower.

Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice?
Peaceful protests are permitted.

Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice?
All members are afforded the right to due process, there are no exceptions.

Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment?
Members may freely travel in and out of the Isle and its territories except in times of war. Members coming and going for the purposes of relaying higher education or returning foreign resources is both permitted and encouraged. Dual citizenship is also permitted.

Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearance? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)?
Basic social freedoms are protected by law. Domestic violence is unheard of.

Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected?
Entrepreneurs are permitted and encouraged.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined?
Citizenship is granted to anyone who applies and wishes to uphold the beliefs and values of the Refuge.

Who is able to vote in elections?
All members are able to vote.

Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally?
No, and discrimination is prohibited by law.

Are the above groups well represented in government?
There is a high number of women and lgbt members in government. There is a present, but low number of minorities in government because there is a low number of minorities on the Isle.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or non-state groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group?
No, that'd would be extraordinarily illegal

---

Any suggestions for future editions of the index?
Probably have dual citizenship as its own question.

[Arameht]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? The President of the Republic of Arameht is the head of state and the head of government. Presidents are elected into power every six years, and there are no term limits - allowing for popular Presidents to remain in power for as long as the people are willing to vote them in.
How is the national legislature selected? The legislative branch of the Republic, known as the National Assembly, is divided into the Grand Council and the Senate.

Members of the Grand Council (Councilmen/Councilwomen) are selected by random lots based on their political party affiliation and how much of the population has voted for that particular party and is the lower and larger of the two legislative houses. Councilmembers serve six-year terms before elections are held to determine how many seats a party should have based on the people's vote, and then new lots are drawn to see who will serve on the Council from that party.

Senators are elected by popular vote, with one Senator for each district of the Republic (with “districts” being permanently created semi-autonomous zones within the unitary Republic). Senators serve six-year terms, but like the President, have no term limits.
Are elections considered free and fair? The Republic's official stance is that all elections held by the Republic are free and fair. They have refused international investigation to see that this is actually the case, and insist that “the will of the people” is adhered to.
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? The Republic has officially declared that elections are not mandatory, and around 40% of the eligible voting population turned out at the last Aramehti elections. Currently available international data seems to suggest that the Republic is not being deceitful.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory? The Republic of Arameht does not recognize any other authority other than its own over its territory. It is a unitary state, with permanent semi-autonomous districts created to ease the burden of governance. Councilmembers and Senators are able to pass legislation with Presidential approval, but the President does have veto powers. The National Assembly most recently passed a law regarding the regulation of firearms used in the police force.
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments? The Grand Council within the National Assembly has the powers of bill creation and submission. The Senate has the power to amend bills as well as dissolve them. Only the President can pass or veto laws, and the National Assembly has no power to overrule them. The President also has the power to add final “executive amendments” to bills.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)? Because of the structure of how the legislature is designed to operate, the National Assembly is almost entirely reliant upon Presidential approval or disapproval to begin implementing new policies and laws, as well as to encourage the national and local police forces of the nation to enforce them.
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? 3; the National Security Bureau monitors the activity of all politicians within the legislature to ensure that they are not corrupt, as well as having the power to dissolve new political parties if corruption is proved. However, some may slip through the cracks. The Vice President controls the NSB and can request Senatorial approval to investigate the President for corruption if they suspect the President has engaged in such activities since starting their term; however, the Senate has no obligation to allow for it.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? 5; the Republic's national government operates with semi-fluid transparency. When it comes to the passing of laws, policies, etc. - the Republic is usually open to what these laws mean and are to the public and the international community. However, with regards to national security, defense, and various other government activities, the Republic becomes very quiet and insistent that everything is classified beyond the reach of anyone outside of the President.
Is there an independent judiciary? The Arbitration Council is the highest court of the Republic. There are seven Arbiters, one of whom sits at the head and is referred to as the Potentate. The Arbitration Council has the final say on all civil and criminal judiciary matters within the Republic; however, it cannot make any constitutional rulings.

If the Arbiters cannot come to a majority decision (in civil cases) or a unanimous decision (in criminal cases), then the Potentate has the capacity to give his or her final ruling which speaks for the entire Council regardless of what the Arbiters may have stated in the past during a given case. The Potentate and the Arbiters are appointed by the President with Senatorial approval. They can only be removed by a future President with full Senatorial approval if they have a candidate able to take their place in mind; otherwise, they may well remain for life.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? The Aramehti Media Regulation Bureau (AMRB) has the final say with regards to media policy and regulation. All media corporations, independent or national, must register with the AMRB and fall in line with its policies and regulations. Failure to comply with these policies and regulations can and will result in immediate dissolution of the media corporation in question, by force if necessary.
Is there freedom of religion? The Republic of Arameht has no official religion, nor any official stance on religions in general. However, there is no statement in the Constitution with regards to freedom of religion, either, so it is not guaranteed.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? The Education Department oversees all educational matters and has the final authority with regards to educational policies, regulations, curriculums, and employments. The Secretary of Education can make temporary educational decrees, and then present them to the National Assembly if they desire to have these decrees made into permanent law. Private education does not exist.
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? The Republic is tolerant of dissent, but all protests must be registered with the government beforehand and approved and must be held in a predetermined, agreed-upon location. Unsanctioned protests are considered riots and are dealt with as such.
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? See above.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? The Republic guarantees due process of law with regards to both civil and criminal cases. It seems to be usually upheld.
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? The Republic allows for emigration and immigration, but regulates employment quotas, especially of foreigners. All immigrants must register names, addresses, employers, and their current educational status with the government. All emigrants must register with the government and state how long they intend to be outside of Arameht, including whether they plan on permanently leaving.
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? The Republic grants full bodily autonomy rights, from abortion to SRS/HRT. Marriage is regulated by the state and seems indiscriminate as long as both parties are of age by Aramehti law (18+). The Republic does not regulate the number of biological or adoptive/foster children a home may have, as long as one can prove it will not be a financial burden on themselves or the state. Domestic violence is not tolerated, especially against children. Single parenthood is allowed, even for transgender individuals. Same-sex couples, married or not, are allowed to adopt.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? The Business Registration Commission exists for all citizens to set up their businesses, and assists foreign businesses in registering to buy properties with permission from the government (but this permission can be revoked at any time). Property rights are strictly enforced, with theft and criminal intrusion being harshly punished by the law; this also means copyright and trademarking violations are regarded as theft.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? Anyone who can prove Aramehti descent within the last two generations (at least one grandparent) is automatically granted citizenship. People born in Arameht to Aramehti parent(s) are considered citizens of Arameht. Immigrants who register for permanent living space and face no criminal charges for at least five years can apply for citizenship; if granted, they are considered Aramehti as are their descendants for as long as they remain in Arameht. All citizens are registered with the government. Babies born to foreigners are not considered citizens unless one of the parent(s) is an Aramehti citizen, can prove Aramehti descent within the last two generations, or one/both parent(s) are registered and attempting to become Aramehti citizens.
Who is able to vote in elections? Aramehti citizens are allowed to vote, regardless of sex, race, gender, sexuality, religion, or any other factors as long as they are of age by Aramehti law.
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? Everyone is treated exactly the same under the Republic's law.
Are the above groups well represented in government? As most citizens choose to register with a political party, and many people within a political party have a chance of being randomly selected for membership on the Grand Council, yes, most probably. Many who serve on the Grand Council may later choose, if they become particularly popular as an individual, to run for being Senator of their district.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? N/A.

---

Any suggestions for future editions of the index? N/A.

[Pasta la Pizza]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected?
Took power in a massive coup with about 30,000 people marching on the capital city.
How is the national legislature selected?
The members of the Grand Council of Fascism are selected from within the Fascist Party.
Are elections considered free and fair?
There are no elections at the national level.
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory?
Only members of the Fascist party can vote, if there are elections.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory?
The representatives just implement whatever the Duce decides he wants to do. Government authority extends over the full national territory.
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments?
The legislature can only pass decrees and laws with the Duce's approval.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)?
The executive basically controls the legislature and when it can convene.
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated)
7. Having such a strong and centralized government means there is a lot of corruption at every level. Local officials often bribe/get bribes in return for favors.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated)
1. Newspaper and media are banned from criticizing any government activity. The government never releases truthful information to the public.
Is there an independent judiciary?
No

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media?
No.
Is there freedom of religion?
Some, the Catholic religion is the official state religion and other Christian sects are restricted. People are free to practice their religion in private.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination?
No
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution?
No
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice?
No, all protests are illegal except for government-sanctioned ones.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice?
No
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment?
Yes, as long as they aren't blacklisted by the Fascist party.
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)?
Women are expected (but not required) to cover their elbows and ankles in public. Individuals can freely choose marriage partners though the government encourages and incentivizes families to have many children.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected?
Yes.
PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined?
Membership in the Fascist party
Who is able to vote in elections?
Members of the Fascist party
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally?
No, LGBT people are exiled to remote islands, and the customs and language of ethnic minorities are repressed.
Are the above groups well represented in government?
No

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group?
The government is attempting to force ethnic minorities to speak Italian and eat pizza and pasta.

---

Any suggestions for future editions of the index?

[Estainia]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? Her Imperial Majesty's position is hereditary, the President of the Senate is elected by the Senate.
How is the national legislature selected? The Plebeian Senators are elected by popular vote. Noble Senators are hereditary.
Are elections considered free and fair? By our definition, certainly.
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? Voting turnout in the most recent election was around sixty percent of the viable electorate. Voting is voluntary.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to successfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory? They have the right to present policies to the Empress; they do not have the right or power to make those policies into law.
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments? The Senate is a glorified advisory council at the end of the day that Her Majesty allows to exist to placate the peasantry into thinking they have a choice in how they are governed. The Imperial Constitution is unwritten and cannot be amended save by the passage of time.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)? Of course, it is Her Majesty's Government, they serve at Her pleasure.
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated) 8 - The Empire is a collection of feudal and federal monarchies with nobility so entrenched as to be classified as an aristocracy.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated) It varies considerably by government. The Imperial Government is opaque, and while peasants can request information they must leap through bureaucratic hoops that take up most of their lives to get even a small thing, which itself will be heavily redacted.
Is there an independent judiciary? Two, in fact. The Blue Court sees to the legal spats of the nobility, while the Common Court sees to the legalities of the peasantry, both are independent of the civil government but are still subservient to Her Majesty.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? Yes, but it is censored by the Ministry of Culture at that ministry's discretion.
Is there freedom of religion? Yes, however, it is a recent development in Imperial law having only become a thing within the last thirty years.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? This varies by kingdom but the answer is generally yes.
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? No. Dissent is Treason.
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? The only freedom of assembly is to come together for religious rites, rituals and worship. Protests are illegal.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? The average Imperial has the right to counsel and a trial. How this is held up depends on the Imperial's standing, a noble will often find their sentences commuted and the process expedited whilst peasants languish for lengthy periods prior to heavy fines or execution, as there are no prisons.
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? Each kingdom within the Empire has the right to decide their internal laws regarding the movement of peoples through their territory, Imperial law dictates that all Imperials have the free right of travel within the Empire. Education is a privilege, not a right; while housing and employment can be provided through the Imperial government for the truly destitute.
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearance? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Imperials have social privileges as recognized by the Imperial government; and royal governments may not countermand these privileges. Her Majesty's government does not control or deign to control the average Imperial's appearance, nor their associates or families, while there are laws regarding cross-class interaction these are rarely ever enforced. Domestic violence is a capital crime in the Empire, and around twelve people per year are executed for it.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? No, they are not. The Empire is not a capitalistic society and any enterprising peasant requires permission from his lord, his lord's lord, and the Imperial government in triplicate in order to do business within the Empire's strictly managed economy. Property rights vary by social class, nobles have extensive protections for their properties, peasants also have protections but they are not as extensive.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? One is born an Imperial, or through Service to Her Majesty.
Who is able to vote in elections? Both men and women are allowed to vote in Imperial elections, however, the votes of women count for twice as much of that of men. In addition, only landowners may vote.
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? The Empire is a despotic monarchy with a matrilineal slant, in short, a matriarchy. Men are not considered the same rights and privileges, the Empire does not discriminate against LGBT individuals or ethnic minorities.
Are the above groups well represented in government? All groups are well represented in the Empire's governments and Her royal sub-governments.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? No.

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index? None.

[Carlotina]

(NOTE: While my NS name is Carlotina, my nation's IC name is the United Confederacy, or U.C. for short. Thank you!)

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? 'El Presidente' Guillermo Torrejón Paredes came to power as the leader of the 1990s Revolution, after which the United Confederacy was founded and extended to all current states. He remained in power with his People's Liberation Front as a result of former instabilities, most of which, however, have been resolved by now.
How is the national legislature selected? The Supreme Council consists of 405 elected representatives of the 9 Confederated States.
Are elections considered free and fair? Despite the PLF being the only legal faction (a change is being considered, though), mostly.
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? The last S.C. election had a turnout of 67.3%. In S.C. elections, voting is voluntary, whereas in two out of nine states, voting in State Council elections is mandatory.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory? Sort of, since El Presidente's approval is needed (on laws affecting the entire U.C.), but since the state ideology is much based on progress and the free exchange of ideas, a new policy is likely to be up soon after its creation. Government authority covers the entire territory of the U.C. and its constituent states.
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments? The Supreme Council has legislative initiative, and so does El Presidente. Both have to approve any new national law. Constitutional changes require People's approval (75% for) in addition.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)? While El Presidente cannot dissolve the S.C. (or any State Council, for that matter), he has to approve the national budget, thus has some power in case of doubt.
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated) Since this is much dependent on where you are (the so-called 'service charge', as it's called as an euphemism, is more common in some states than in others), one may give it a 6 as an average.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated) Average, say 5. While government activity, including S.C. debates, can be monitored by everyone through media, certain secrets as MSC's wages and Mālama (secret police) activities are fairly unlikely to be heard of.
Is there an independent judiciary? Yes, the judiciary is independent, even if its level of independence varies from state to state.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? Yes, there is both state and independent media.
Is there freedom of religion? Yes. No one will tell you what to believe in.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? While the state ideology is, of course, an important part of the curriculum, teachers are encouraged to keep lessons on spicy issues as objective as possible.
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? Unless you propose illegal activities like terrorism, a coup, or other forms of violence, neither State Police nor Mālama will bother you.
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? Freedom of assembly is granted by constitution(s); peaceful protests are legal and usually able to proceed.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? Everyone has a right to due process. The practice may vary by location, though, but it's usually upheld in general.
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? Freedom of movement is granted, even though a valid ID is required to leave one's state (a relic of the U.C.'s very recent unification, it might change in the future), but there are no limitations on national and international travel, and one may study, work or live wherever one wishes.
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Yes, everyone can freely decide over his/her own appearance, marriage partner and size of family without any restrictions. The prevalence of DV may vary due to the U.C. being a very multicultural state, but all in all, it's fairly low.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? Yes, everyone can set up a business without any problems; property rights are protected.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? By blood and naturalization (the latter is a fairly easy process).
Who is able to vote in elections? In S.C. elections, everyone above the age of 14, for it's the lowest age of majority in any state. On state level, the voting age may vary from 14 to 18.
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? Yes, everyone is treated equally regardless of gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation or religious affiliation.
Are the above groups well represented in government? Fairly well, yes.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? No. In a diversified place like the U.C., there is no space for stuff like that.

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index? Hm, a few more questions on civil rights (for instance, consumption of substances, or possession of firearms) could be added, as these can be important aspects as well in order to determine a society's level of freedom, but all in all, it's fine. Good job, keep it up!

[Switmerica]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected?
They are the leader of the winning coalition/party in an election.
How is the national legislature selected?
First-past-the-post election of representatives to 300 seats in the House of the People (HOP), along with 60 seats in the House of the Nation (HON) which are selected by the local governments of our 15 constituent states.
Are elections considered free and fair?
Yes.
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory?
71%, voting is not mandatory.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to successfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory?
Yes they are, and government authority does extend over its full national territory.
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments?
Yes it does, there are no restrictions placed on it. Parliament in fact, has privileges designed to protect Members of Parliament from arrest for anything they say when engaging in Parliamentary matters.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)?
No, it is not.
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated)
1, corruption is almost non-existent in the Federal Republic. A strong culture of honesty and ethics has taken root in the civil service and society as a whole, and rankings by the Word Assembly indicated that corruption is in fact at an all time low.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated)
9, every person has a right of access to documents of the governmental administration and a right to follow the proceedings of the courts and democratically elected bodies.
Is there an independent judiciary?
Yes.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media?
Yes.
Is there freedom of religion?
Every person has the right to profess and practice their religion as well as to propagate it. No person shall be compelled to pay any tax the proceeds of which are specially allocated in whole or in part for the purposes of a religion other than his own. However, it does not mean any act which relies on this freedom but is contrary to any general law relating to public order or public health is allowed.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination?
Yes.
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution?
Yes.
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice?
There is, and peaceful protests are allowed. They are able to proceed in practice. Parliament may by law place restrictions on this right, however those restrictions automatically expire after 48 hours has passed, and must be re-enacted by Parliament.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice?
Yes, and they are upheld in practice. Where a complaint is made to a Court or any judge thereof that a person is being unlawfully detained the court shall inquire into the complaint and, unless satisfied that the detention is lawful, shall order him to be produced before the court and release him. Where a person is arrested they shall be informed as soon as may be, but within 30 minutes of the grounds of his arrest and shall be allowed to consult and be defended by a legal practitioner of his choice. Where a person is arrested and not released they shall without unreasonable delay, and in any case within twelve hours (excluding the time of any necessary journey) be produced before a magistrate and shall not be further detained in custody without the magistrate’s authority.
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment?
Yes, unless it proves contrary to public order, public health, or the punishment of offenders.
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearance? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)?
The rights enshrined within the Constitution provide the environment for these basic social freedoms. The Switmerican Living Rights Commission is tasked with investigating all suspected and reported abuses.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected?
Yes, they are. Property rights are adequately protected.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined?
All people born within the territory of the Federal Republic are eligible for citizenship. Spouses of citizens and any non-citizen can apply for citizenship, and if their request is rejected by the government, they have the right to seek legal remedy through our judicial system.
Who is able to vote in elections?
All citizens aged 18 and above are eligible to vote,unless they are disqualified under any law relating to offences committed in connection with elections.
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally?
While no specific laws exist, the Constitution guarantees equality for all, and the Switmerican Living Rights Commission is tasked with investigating any abuse or violation of their right to equality.
Are the above groups well represented in government?
Yes, they are.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group?
No.

[Synne Industries]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? Through standard election though the current CEO is allowed to designate a successor with approval of 2/3rds or more of the Greycoat Parliament and population in favor.
How is the national legislature selected? Standard election every 2 years.
Are elections considered free and fair? Generally yes, any citizen over 21 is allowed to vote.
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? 72%, technically voting is mandatory but due to divides in the Synnian isles many can avoid voting with the help of resident corporations

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to successfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory? The Greycoat Parliament is able to implement new laws and policies relatively easily nationwide but with the different islands of the nation and the differing level of power within corporations based in a certain island many islands have their own laws slightly different than national law enforced by private military companies and other corporations with the power to do so.
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments? There are no amendments but due to the highly weaponized state of the general populace there are unspoken laws about protecting the market and maintaining isolationist policies etc etc.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)? Not through process of the state but through swaying opinion using the corporation side of Synne Industries in conjunction with the armed population, yes.
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated) 1, though the people may not be moralistic the fear of arson and the general mutual respect among people keeps corruption down. If activities falling under the definition of corruption are detected it usually results in societal shaming followed by sudden ballistics-induced explosion of the head.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated) 9.5, All non-classified government activity is shown on the Synne Industries website with options to sort by importance. Almost all citizens are aware of this and check regularly. Even without the website, the prominence of internet memes can spread the news of major changes quickly.
Is there an independent judiciary? Yes.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? Yes and there are practically no regulations to speak of.
Is there freedom of religion? Yes.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? The government does not interfere with the education system much and almost all schools are privately owned.
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? Yes unless it goes against common sense and does not accomplish anything other than destroy property and waste time.
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? Of course.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? Yes, every person has the right to a trial mostly free of interference.
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? Yes, if they are in the country legally
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearance? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Legally yes though if a person's choices negatively affects their ability or the ability of others to function in society or the workplace it will almost always be looked down upon by society.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? Free enterprise is one of if not the most valued part of Synnian life, it is easy to start a business and if someone legally owns property it will be protected.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? Born within borders or if one has lived in Synne Industries for 5 or more years while remaining employed for the majority of that time.
Who is able to vote in elections? Citizens over the age of 21, not affected by criminal record though the incarcerated may not vote
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? Legally yes but if said traits are used to gain political or any other form of power unfairly there will usually be action from local major corporations
Are the above groups well represented in government? Yes and without government assistance

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? No

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index? None, it's very good as it is

[Aleixandria]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? The head of state (President) is popularly elected every 4 years by instant runoff voting. The head of government (Prime Minister) is nominated by the Parliament from the majority party or coalition, and appointed by the President.
How is the national legislature selected? The unicameral legislature (Parliament) is popularly and proportionally elected every 4 years by party list.
Are elections considered free and fair? Yes.
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? Average turnout was 75% in the last election. Voting is not mandatory.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to successfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory? Yes. Yes, a unitary state.
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments? Yes, the Parliament and government have the right to legislative initiative. The only restrictions on its ability to pass laws (by majority vote) is set by the Constitution, which establishes democracy and universal human rights. Constitutional amendments require two-thirds majority of Parliament and approval by a majority of voters in a national referendum.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)? No.
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated) 1: political corruption (e.g., brides) is against the law, with certain prosecution and imprisonment the penalty.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated) 9: Freedom of information law mandates the government is transparent with to government activity.
Is there an independent judiciary? Yes, there are six supreme tribunals or courts, or the highest tribunal of appeal, at the top of the national court system.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? Yes.
Is there freedom of religion? Yes.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? Yes.
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? Yes.
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? Yes, per the Constitution. In practice, there is no suppression of protest.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? Yes, and as evident by the size of the court system.
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? Yes.
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearance? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Yes, domestic violence is prohibited and its incidence low per capita.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? Yes and yes.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? By birth (not birthplace, i.e. if at least one parent is a citizen), by marriage, or by residency (naturalisation or asylum).
Who is able to vote in elections? All citizens over age 18 years.
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? Yes, per the Constitution.
Are the above groups well represented in government? Yes.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? No.

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index? No suggestions. Good work!

[Greater Carloso]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? Head of state and government are the same in Carloso, named the President of the Executive Council. Effectively, it is most similar to the role of a Prime Minister and it is selected via an STV ballot amongst the 859 Members of Parliament.
How is the national legislature selected? Carloso is divided into 286 constituencies, each with 3 Members of Parliament. The voting method used is called proportional representation with the single transferable vote (STV) and elimination transfers only. In this process, voters number candidates in order of preference. The ballot papers are counted continuously and the candidate with the lowest number of votes at the end of each count is eliminated and their votes are redistributed to the other candidates according to the preferences of the voter. The process continues until the top three candidates are remaining and these then go forward to be elected Members of Parliament.
Are elections considered free and fair? For the most part, yes. The one exception was in 2010 where roving gangs of unidentified individuals destroyed the ballots of a referendum that was being held at that time. The referendum was cancelled as a result of this.
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? Turn out usually averages around 70-80% in most elections. Voting is not mandatory.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory?
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments?
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)?
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? (Small explanation appreciated) 2. While there is some cases of corruption, the current administration has invested a lot of time in stamping it out.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? (Small explanation appreciated) 4. The government is typically very secretive of its operations, though most trivial information and all legislation is easily available to the public to access.
Is there an independent judiciary? Yes, however they are obliged to follow natural law jurisprudence.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? To a degree. Many publications hostile to the present government were forced out of business by pro-government forces during and after the civil unrest of 2010. Legally, journalists are obliged to be factual and the media is held to account.
Is there freedom of religion? Yes, however Christianity is recognised as the state religion.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? No. All Carlosian children and taught to be nationalist patriots. Philosophy and theology that suits the outlook of the current administration is taught. The realities of the horrors of communism, fascism and the liberal menace are drummed into Carlosians throughout their education.
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? Yes, so long as they are not a public nuisance, though more often than not they are.
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? Yes, however any assembly of over 100 people requires a permit. Also, they must not be a public nuisance.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? Yes and yes.
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? Yes, so long as they are not convicted criminals or are court-ordered not to leave.
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Abortion is illegal, gay marriage is illegal, divorce is illegal, contraception is legal but heavily regulated and only available through pharmacies. Marriage annulment is legal. Sex conversion therapy is banned. Domestic violence is not all that common. There is major social stigma around it and it is considered extremely dishonourable. Most private enterprises and all public institutions have strict uniform guidelines.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? Yes. The right to private property is held very highly in Carloso. There are few obstacles to establishing a business. Carloso has very strong pro-competition laws and will routinely break up big companies with an undue degree of influence and power.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? By birth if both or at least one of your parents were Carlosian citizens. Naturalisation is possible, but very difficult to obtain.
Who is able to vote in elections? All Carlosian citizens who have reached the age of 18.
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? Ethnic minorities are small in Carloso and often from honoured ally countries, so they face little to no discrimination and are welcome guests to Carloso. Men and women follow traditional, natural gender roles for the most part. LGBT are often discriminated against due to outlandish behaviour and manner of clothes, as well as rejection of societal norms. Nevertheless, they have the same right to education and healthcare as do all Carlosian citizens. Conversion therapy clinics are widespread in Carloso and authorities often issue a mandatory referral to them to certain gay people who engage in anti-social behaviour.
Are the above groups well represented in government? The Carlosian government is overwhelmingly European men. Only the Minister for Maternal Affairs is a woman. There are no LGBT people or ethnic minorities in governments.

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? No. Carloso has a very strict immigration policy which effectively equates to little change in its current ethnic make-up over the years.

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index? N/A

[Banija]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? The head of state(Kabaka, which means King) is hereditary. The Kabaka has exclusive powers over foreign affairs and questions of national defense. The Katikkiro(Prime Minister) is an elected member of the Lukiiko(Parliament). Seven days after any national election, the 500 member Lukiiko will sit, and each member of the Lukiiko will nominate a member of the Lukiiko to the Speaker on who can form a government. The member with the most nominations shall then have a chance to form a government. Once the member is prepared (limit of 2 weeks) to seek the confidence of the Lukiiko, he shall ask the Kabaka to appoint a cabinet, and the whole cabinet shall face an immediate motion of confidence from the Lukiiko. If successful, then that member shall become Katikkiro, effectively immediately.
How is the national legislature selected? The 500 member unicameral legislature is elected by the people based on proportional representation. There are no local constituency seats- each of Banija’s 8 regions have party lists, and are elected based on proportional representation. To prevent regionalism, every party on the national ballot must have a full party list in at least 3 regions to be eligible for the ballot.
Are elections considered free and fair? Elections are largely considered free and fair.
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? Voting is not mandatory. Average turnout hovers around 70% for elections.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to successfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory?
The Lukiiko is largely able to implement new policies. Of course, foreign policy and national defense are considered the responsibility of the monarch, so these policies are limited to domestic issues. Any treaties signed, however, have to be approved by the Lukiiko. They also have the power of the purse in all situations, and government authority does extend across all of Banija.

Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments?
There is a legislative body that is, however, allowed to defeat the initiatives of the Lukiiko. The Guardian Council has 6 members, three Archbishops appointed by the leadership of the Puritan Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints(the state religion), and three members of the Royal Family appointed by the Kabaka, though he cannot appoint himself. The Guardian Council can subject any law passed by the Lukiiko to review with one month of passage, and if at least 5 of 6 members vote to do so, they can prevent its passage into law.

In terms of constitutional amendments, at least 3 members of the Guardian Council have to approve a constitutional amendment. The Kabaka, as well, must give royal assent to a constitutional amendment, and can refuse to do so. This is the only part of the legislative process where the Kabaka has the authority to weigh in on the legislative process, as royal assent is not required for regular laws(and therefore, it cannot be withheld by the Kabaka).

Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)?
The Lukiiko can only be dissolved if the Lukiiko does not retain confidence in the Katikkiro. Otherwise, the Katikkiro nor the Kabaka can dissolve the Lukiiko before the end of its natural term(4 years). Otherwise, the executive cannot readily thwart the will of the Legislature.
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? Between a 3 and a 4. Small scale corruption has mostly been eradicated from the country, and there are strong transparency laws on both members of the Lukiiko, and their candidates.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? Between a 7 and an 8. All sessions of the Lukiiko are public, and there are extensive record-keeping requirements.
Is there an independent judiciary? The judiciary is largely independent, as a judicial commission regulates judicial appointments. However, the Guardian Council is the court of last resort- while a case cannot be appealed directly to them, the Guardian Council can intervene in any court case within the Banijan judicial system and decide to elevate the case to hear it themselves.

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? Yes.
Is there freedom of religion? The state religion is Puritan Mormonism. Freedom of religion is allowed, and places of worship of all religions are strongly protected. However, Satanic religions are outright banned, athiesm is heavily restricted, and the ability to evangelize for other religions is heavily restricted.
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination?
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? Yes, though personal and direct insults against the Kabaka could land you a fine.
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? Peaceful protests are largely allowed against elected leadership, but not against the monarchy.
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? There is due process. Citizens have a right to a trial by a jury of their peers, and citizens have the right to a lawyer.
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? Yes. Citizens are allowed to travel within and outside of the country with ease.
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearance? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Marriage is allowed between a man and a woman within Banija. Polygamy is legal for males(males can have multiple wives; but women cannot have multiple husbands). While legal, the practice of polygamy is relatively rare. Domestic violence statistics are not tracked by the government.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? Property rights are strongly protected, and individuals are certainly allowed to set up their own businesses.

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? Citizenship is determined primarily by birth(born in Banija or abroad to at least one Banijan citizen). Foreigners can earn citizenship in Banija after residing in the country for 10 consecutive years. Banijan citizens are automatically citizens of the Quebecois Commonwealth(Commonwealth citizens).
Who is able to vote in elections? There are three classes of voters within Banija. The first, are resident citizens. All Banijan citizens who are residents of Banija have the right to vote. The only Banijan citizens living abroad who can vote in Banijan elections are active duty Banijan diplomats and soldiers.
The second is Commonwealth citizens. Non-Banijan Commonwealth citizens, who have been residents of Banija for at least 5 consecutive years, and who have not participated in a foreign election throughout that period of time, are eligible to vote in Banija.
The third, are Busoga Islander citizens. A former region of Banija, the Busoga Islands has been an independent country for a little over a decade. They are not in the Commonwealth. People who hold Busoga Islands citizenship, who have been residents of Banija for at least 5 years, and having not participated in a foreign election throughout that period of time, are eligible to vote in Banija. This class of voter is the only class of voter that is not allowed to donate to political parties within Banija.
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? The country is a male dominated society, though women's rights have certainly improved throughout recent years. Thanks to the heavy influence of the church within the affairs of the state, the LGBTQ+ community is heavily ostracized within the country. Ethnic minorities are treated equally.
Are the above groups well represented in government? The government is dominated by the Kasanke(who make up around 70% of the population).

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group? No.

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index? N/A

[Charellia]

ELECTIONS
How was the head of state and the head of government (or other chief national authority) selected? Direct election using ranked-ballots. Low-polling candidates are eliminated after each round of counting and their supporters' second, third, etc. choices are counted in subsequent rounds. The first candidate to achieve 51% of the vote in 51% of electoral districts wins.
How is the national legislature selected? The nation is divided into 450 district of roughly equal population. Each district elects a representative using first-past-the-post voting. Additionally, each province has three representatives on the Council of State, which are elected in the same manner.
Are elections considered free and fair? Yes
Which was the average turnout in recent elections? Is voting mandatory? Average turnout is 62%. Voting is not mandatory.

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT
In case national representatives were freely elected, are they able to succesfully develop and implement new policies? Does government authority extend over the full national territory? Yes
Does the legislature have the legislative initiative? What restrictions are placed on its ability to pass laws, including constitutional amendments? The National Council has the authority to introduce legislation, including constitutional amendments. Legislation must be ratified by the Chief Executor (elected) in order to take effect. Constitutional amendments must be approved by two-thirds of the National Council and at least 9 provincial legislatures representing at least 50% of the nation's population.
Is the executive able to subvert the legislature through legal or extralegal means (such as arbitrary dissolutions, lack of an adequate budget, or strong limits on legislature's powers)? No. The only power the Chief Executor has over the legislature is the ability to temporarily block new legislation.
From 1-10, how pervasive is corruption? 3 - Corruption is inevitable in any government, but Charellia has strong oversight and transparency laws. The Council of State has a responsibility to investigate corruption as part of its mandate.
From 1-10, how transparent is government activity? 8 - aside from aspects of government that are necessarily classified such as military and intelligence gathering activities, the government is quite transparent. Citizens are legally entitled to access any non-classified information in the national archives. Additionally, elected officials and private citizens alike can petition the Council of State to conduct or authorize a review of classified materials as part of their investigative function. The Council of State is permitted to conduct its investigations in a closed session but must put out a public statement summarizing its findings.
Is there an independent judiciary? Yes

CIVIL LIBERTIES
Is there an independent media? Yes
Is there freedom of religion? Yes
Is education free of political interference or indoctrination? Yes
Are citizens able to express dissent in practice, without fearing retribution? Yes
Is there freedom of assembly? Are peaceful protests allowed, and are they able to proceed in practice? Yes
Are there basic guarantees of due process, and are they upheld in practice? Yes
Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement inside the country and of international travel, including in education, residence or employment? Yes
Do individuals enjoy basic social freedoms (do they have control over appearence? are they able to freely choose marriage partners and size of family? how common is domestic violence?)? Yes. Domestic violence is rare and taken seriously by police.
Are individuals able to freely set up their own business? Are property rights adequately protected? Yes

PARTICIPATION AND GUARANTEES OF EQUALITY
How is citizenship determined? Citizenship is granted at birth to anybody born within Charellia, or any child of a Charellian citizen after they have lived in the nation for at least one year. New immigrants can also apply for citizenship after a period of five years.
Who is able to vote in elections? All adult citizens
Are different segments of the population (men, women, the LGBT community, ethnic minorities...) treated equally? Yes
Are the above groups well represented in government? Yes

OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Are the government or nonstate groups deliberately and systematically changing the demographics of the country so as to dilute or eliminate a particular group?

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Any suggestions for future editions of the index?