The Mughal Empire
گورکانیان
مغلیہ سلطنت
11 Shawwal 1210 A.H. | April 19th, 1796
जिस की लाठी उस की भैंस [Whoever owns the lathi (cane/stick) eventually owns the buffalo] - Indian proverb
The Red Fort - Delhi - The Mughal Empire
'I am absolutely positive. My decision is final.' The deep voice of the Shah [Emperor] resounded through the court room of the Red Fort, silencing the men that had gathered to advice their liege. Parkish Sikh, one of the Shahs most trusted Dewan [Advisors], bowed his head respectfully. He was wearing a deep blue dastar [turbin], a long, grey gown and his traditional iron bracelet. Even his kirpan [traditional Sikh dagger] he wore in plain sight, notwithstanding the rule that weapons were to be left outside of the court room. The Shah had specifically granted permission to his Sikh Dewan to carry their daggers, to show his respect for Sikh traditions. Parkish suspected opportunistic motives for this - he knew very well that the Shah was always weary of a possible Sikh revolt and that he would go through lengths not to insult or anger them. The fact that the Shah had just decided to visit Punjab on his next tour of his Empire only confirmed Parkish in his suspicions.
'I would like to convene on the subject of the foreign occupation of much of our coastal areas next,' the Shah continued. 'The English, the Dutch, the Spanish, the Portuguese..'. The Shah fell silent. He looked at each of his advisors; some Muslim, some Hindu, some Sikh like Parkish, before he continued to speak again.
'A long time ago, my family arrived as conquerers to these lands. Blood was shed. It was necessary, for peace to prevail. We have brought knowledge, prosperity and abundance to its people.' All the Dewan bowed, in recognition of their Emperor. 'We have done so respecting and even absorbing the wisdom already present in the regions we conquered. Our Empire is based on mutual learning, on a desire to improve what should be improved, to perfect what ought to be perfected.' He paused once more, staring through the court room, seemingly lost in thoughts. 'Yet these Westerners, they come here not to learn. They come here to plunder. To loot. To take what isn't theirs. To steal the fruits of our labour; the riches of our lands. They do not respect the local wisdom, they simply replace it with their own customs and behaviour through the use of force.'
None spoke. The room remained silent for minutes.
'Still they appear to be powerful adversaries. We have yet to gain a victory over them. Our mighty horsemen have failed to drive them back into the sea, and I do not believe we will soon be able to muster the military might necessary to do so. That is why I seek your advice, Durbar [Court]. I believe we should, once again, absorb wisdow in order to grow stronger. We need to learn from the Westerners. And in order to be able to learn from them, we need to win their trust. Council, I believe it is time to befriend one of the Western nations.'
'Am I allowed to present my position on this matter, oh Shah?'. The hoarse, gruff voice of Tayib Agrawal, one of the Shahs most trusted and senior Hindu advisors, resounded through the majestic hall. Agrawal was known to have travelled the world. One of the most renowned Hindu Merchants, he had spent years in China, the Indonesian archipellago and the various Asiatic Hindu Kingdoms. The travels that made him legendary, however, had taken him to Europe. Aboard a Portuguese merchantman he had travelled from Goa to Lisbon; and from there onwards to see Rome, Genoa and Venice. He had spent a few years in Venice, before boarding a ship to London. There, he had adviced local merchants about profitable trade routs with his home country. He had travelled to Amsterdam aboard a Dutch fluyt ship and had finally returned to Asia as a part of a grand Dutch merchant fleet. In the Shahs Court, he was regarded as a beacon of knowledge when it came to the Western world.
'Please, my loyal Dewan,' the Shah replied. Agrawal made a bow.
'Four options present themselves,' the Hindu merchant acclaimed. 'Let me start with the country I deem least fitting to befriend, my Shah. The Portuguese.' Agrawal paused, spying around the room. 'The Portuguese are, in my opinion, unreliable snakes. Their country is past its peak. They clench to their faith and have been most fanatic in converting our brothers and sisters in Goa to accept the word of Jesus Christ. To me, it is unlikely that the Portuguese will ever be able to look past our differences in faith. Even if they would, they would lack the power to protect us from the other Western powers. No, the Portuguese do not seem a wise choice, my liege..'
'My loyal Dewan, I respect your thoroughness and I do appreciate your most detailled accounts, but I am a very busy man, you see. Could you please limit yourself to presenting choices you do find to be viable?' the Shah responded, as the Hindu merchant paused.
'Of course, my liege,' Agrawal replied. 'I understand that it will come as a surprise to some of you, but I do not believe befriending the English is the path we should take. They are powerful, yes, but power-hungry, and they seem particularly hungry to devour our lands and make them their own.. Nay, I would advice you to first send an envoy to.. the Dutch..'
Mumbling was audible. It was clear that not everybody agreed with the Hindu Merchant.
'Allow me to explain,' he said. 'The Dutch, of all Westerners, are easiest to understand. They do not care about local cultures. They do not care about local rituals or customs. All the Dutch care about is coin. Profit. The Dutch would trade with the Asuras [Devil-gods of Hinduïsm] or Iblis [Devil in Islam], if it would bring in coin.'
Some of the Dewar chuckled, other looked stern. The Shah maintained a straight face. It was impossible to read what he thought of the advice.
'Coin, my Shah, is exactly what we can provide them with. Offer them favorable trade rights. In return, they can teach us how to organize our military more efficient. But not only that - the Dutch are the most scientifically advanced nation I came across during my travels of Europe. If they would be willing to trade the secrets their scholars discovered with us, we could improve our society, our production processes, our farming. It could bring great prosperity to our lands. If there is one people we could learn from, it would be the Dutch.'
A Muslim scholar, standing to the right of Parkish, opened his mouth to protest, but the Shah raised his hand and the room fell quiet.
'Do it. Write a letter to the Dutch. Bring it to their colony of Karachi. I want you, oh Dewar Agrawal, to be my envoy to them. You speak their language. Take a caravan of our most precious goods, as a gift to their leader.'
'By befriending us with the Dutch, we alienate ourselevs from their Western advisaries. I am not knowledgeable about the current power division in Europe, but it is something we need to find out. Traditionally, the Dutch have switched between friendship and hatred with the English. I will find out more about the situation in Europe, and let you know of it by messenger, oh Liege,', Agrawal acclaimed. 'Thank you for the honour to be your envoy. I will depart this forthnight.'