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by Aurora Confederacy » Wed Mar 19, 2014 12:22 pm
by Empire of Symphonia » Mon Mar 24, 2014 1:48 pm
The United Kingdom of Aquitayne and Symphonia
Sister State of the Asian Federation of Nations
Office of Her Imperial Majesty Seondeok vi Kiramashi-Reich
Head of State of the United Kingdom
Ministry of International Relations
500 Republica Avenue, Shimura District
West Genevira, Hitachi Province, Symphonia
Publication "Notice", to the Blackhelm Confederacy;
Her Majesty's Government is understands the risks in undertaking major humanitarian interventionist action. The United Kingdom is doing its best to ensure stability in the region by bringing back stable government and overthrowing the current form of anarchy that lies over the Insula Fera. Given the current threat by the terrorist group known as the Heralds and along with other groups, the use of punitive military force may be required to eliminate the pockets of vigorous resistance against peacekeeping forces.
Following the fall of the Imperial Spartanian Empire, UK intelligence expects that major portions of the former ISE arsenal and reserve equipment have disappeared. Discounting looting by civilians for self-defense, the high probability that portions of these weapons systems falling into the hands of terrorists and anarchic groups is the primary concern of the expeditionary forces on the island right now. The quick elimination of these weapons and the prevention of more being appropriated by terrorists is the top goal of the UK intervention, as the unregulated movement of these weapons places our nations along with other nearby states at high risk of attack.
The death of civilians at the hands of the enemy is an unfortunate occurrence that the UK cannot guarantee to prevent. Under our control however, a UK transitional body will ensure to expropriate those persons who wish to return to their home nations in order to escape the prevailing violence occurring on Insula Fera. Their protection is a partial responsibility of the Symphonian armed forces in the region, as is the rescue at the hands of Aquitaynian and general UK units.
We ask that the Blackhelm Confederacy refrain misunderstanding the situation further and cease its military deployments along the Southern Ocean.
by Dungeyland » Mon Mar 24, 2014 2:46 pm
Dear: Mr. Samuel Reich, the United Kingdom
BCC: The Chancellor of the Blackhelm Confederacy
From: The Lord Scylla, the First Lord of the Treasury of the Dangish Empire.
by Empire of Symphonia » Mon Mar 24, 2014 8:57 pm
The United Kingdom of Aquitayne and Symphonia
Sister State of the Asian Federation of Nations
Office of Her Imperial Majesty Seondeok vi Kiramashi-Reich
Head of State of the United Kingdom
Ministry of International Relations
500 Republica Avenue, Shimura District
West Genevira, Hitachi Province, Symphonia
Publication "Notice", to the Dangish Empire;
Her Majesty's Government is surprised regarding the latest reaction from our counterparts in the Dangish Empire. While both of our leaders believe in a stable and peaceful Astyria, it is a pleasant shock to realize that the Dangish Empire does not support the United Kingdom's intervention in Insula Fera.
The collapse of the Imperial Spartanian Empire little more than half a year ago came as a complete surprise to the United Kingdom. While we were both ideological opponents, our analysts did not expect the collapse of a well-structured and powerful state. It was not the intention of the United Kingdom to create chaos on Insula Fera, of which currently is occurring under forces carrying the banner of anarchy and barbarism. The terrorist group which brought about the collapse of the Spartanian state, the Heralds, have been subject to a great deal of discussion ever since the disappearance of Spartania, which most conversations point to fear and apprehension on the part of the states just across the waters separating Insula Fera and the rest of the region.
Already, satellite imagery indicates evidence of mass murder and widespread destruction of property, and communications with the island, barring the Province of the Cape,
have been close to impossible. Please be reminded that even during the cold war years between the UK and the ISE, there were numerous business links between the UK and the ISE. We have lost these valuable connections along with countless citizens who remain unaccounted for. It is only logical that an expedition to rescue our citizens and put an end to the violence and bloodshed occurring in the failed states of Prudensia and Pangus be put into action.
The current UK expeditionary forces seek to complete this objective in a timely manner that also safeguards the lives of all foreign and native residents. The unfortunate part is that with the current threat coming from the possibility of Spartanian arms falling into the hands of insurgents and terrorists, the UK military cannot easily flush out potential enemies and disable them. Therefore, the use of conventional military tactics is not out of the question, which unfortunately puts all persons at risk of harm. The high incidence of Imperial and Confederate citizens living in the former ISE has been noted and taken into account by the UK Armed Forces. Any attack and maneuver is not deliberately targeting the citizens of any nation save for those who side with the Heralds and other paramilitary organizations. Humanitarian measures and contingencies have already been put into place at the order of the Aquitaynian government and His Majesty, King Samuel Reich and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
It is therefore alarming and to much consternation in both Telora and West Genevira that the forces of the Dangish Empire and the Blackhelm Confederacy are mobilizing against the United Kingdom. Until further notice and consultation between our respective governments, the United Kingdom cannot at this time respond to your ultimatum that we withdraw from Insula Fera, of which the present possibility is quite low. In addition, to claim that the UK intervention in the island threatens to upset the balance of power in the Astyria is a completely preposterous and unfounded. The United Kingdom remains politically neutral in the East-West divide of the region and seeks to only ensure its own political and economic independence from either side. A course of action by the United Kingdom is therefore an act of self-defense, and in the case of intervention in Insula Fera, also a operation of counter-terrorism and the fostering of stability on that island.
To thus include the entirety of the East Astyrian Treaty Organization is therefore an aggressive action on the part of that organization to not only prevent the conducting of humanitarian intervention, but also in the implication of considering the failed successor states of the ISE and unincorporated portions of Insula Fera as integral parts of the Dangish Empire and the Blackhelm Confederacy, and thus the East Astyrian Treaty Organization.
We thus advise your Government to kindly reconsider its stance towards this operation and cease any possible mobilization measures against the United Kingdom or any of its affiliated territories.
With Regards,
Adaminghir Singh,
Prime Minister of the Asian Federation of Nations and the Empire of Symphonia
by Blackhelm Confederacy » Tue Mar 25, 2014 8:24 am
To: Prime Minister Adaminhir Singh CC: The Lord Scylla, Samuel Reich Subject:Insula Fera Operations From: Senator Cornelius Pureheart Dear Prime Minister, The recent escalation of events concerning the Insula Fera threaten to shatter the relative peace on the Mare Ferum and pose the risk of a greater conflict than any had anticipated. While we side firmly behind our brothers in the Dangish Empire, and support their call for a withdrawal of the forces of the UK from the theater, we also understand that there are also citizens of the United Kingdom lost with in the borders of the former Spartanian Empire. To this end, I propose a solution. I ask that the armed forces of the United Kingdom allow observers from both the Blackhelm Confederacy, the Dangish Empire, and any other states that feel they have an interest in the conflict, to watch over the situation and ensure that the mission is truly being undertaken for the benefit and safety of the people on the Insula Fera, and not as an attempt at a land grab. Our observers will assist in the establishing of a neutral government, devoid of any strings to either parties of the United Kingdom, and will help to ensure that the transition of power goes as smoothly and easily as is possible. Should this request for the installation of both diplomatic and military observers be denied, then the Blackhelm Confederacy has no choice but to recognize the action undertaken on the Insula Fera as nothing more than a land grab and an expansionist move with no other goal than to expand the borders and strength of the United Kingdom, and we will stand by our brother nations to find a method to adequately resolve the situation. Sincerely, Cornelius Pureheart, Head of Senate The Incorporated States of the Blackhelm Confederacy |
by Dungeyland » Wed Mar 26, 2014 11:48 am
Dear: Mr. Samuel Reich, the United Kingdom
BCC: The Chancellor of the Blackhelm Confederacy
From: The Lord Scylla, the First Lord of the Treasury of the Dangish Empire.
by Aquitayne » Wed Mar 26, 2014 3:19 pm
Kamunek us Guneyha Eirar us Aquitayne a Symphonia
Sister State of the Constitutional Monarchy of Aquitayne
Office of His Majesty the King Samuel Reich
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Magistrate of Foreign Affairs
2019 Peirmus Strat, Magistrate District
Telora, Aifur Proveince, Aquitayne
The Lord Scylla, the First Lord of the Treasury of the Dangish Empire, In response;
Lord Scylla,Let me be clear in the message that we have given to the international community, as it seems Her Majesty and her government have failed to realize these messages.
The United Kingdom has not only acted in the interests of the sovereignty, safety, and preservation of life in the former Imperial Spartanian Empire, it has also been the only nation to do so. It saddens His Majesty that your government would believe the United Kingdom would needlessly endanger the lives of innocent people, and furthermore go to great lengths to bring order to a chaotic situation where Her Majesty believes our efforts are, "not fully be humanitarian in nature".
The United Kingdom has been the only international body to act on the disappearance of the Imperial Spartanian Empire. Past conflicts with the aforementioned state have, and are, completely irrelevant. It would be foolish to hold qualm with a state which no longer exists; the people are no less to blame for their government than a government is to their people. His Majesty firmly believes in a world view, and holds no prejudice, anger, or contempt toward any persons of Imperial, Dangish, Confederate or otherwise, descent.
The imposition of Dangish military resources to the United Kingdom Joint Military Operational Theater is disrespectful and an insult to His Majesty, His court, the men and women of the Aquitaynian Armed Services, and the citizenry of Aquitayne. The belief of Her Majesty that her military may roam where it pleases and when it pleases, even when it interferes with an ongoing military operation by a sovereign state, is one which we beseech her to revisit. Understand: The violation of the autonomy of our armed services is one which will not be tolerated in the future. The Eastern Astyrian Trade Organisation may believe it has the ability to trot where it may, but such trotting would very much break the delicate ice beneath our feet. Her Majesty is warned henceforth: do not believe your government or its armed services may interfere with the operations of the United Kingdom, as she should be fully aware we act only for the peace and prosperity of the region.
That being said, the various branches of the armed services of the United Kingdom have been told of the arrival of Dangish resources to the Mican Straight, as well as the no-fly-zone being erected over the Strettan-Pangus Sea; however, we would like clarification on the dimensions of that NFZ as it may interfere with ongoing operational planning.
The requests of the Blackhelm Confederacy and the Dangish Empire on the implementation of their respective citizenry in the process of Pangus and Prudensia's self-determination will be met without qualm, as the United Kingdom is more than happy to allow the international community to view and participate in the process which will guide the future of the northern regions of Insula Fera.
However, the Dangish demand that free and open elections be held no later than November cannot be upheld. We, as of yet, do not know the severity of the Heraldan insurgency nor the resources the former Spartanian soldiers have at their disposal nor their orders, and we will not have that information until we have resources in the respective territories. We are expecting high resistance from the Heraldan insurgents, and variable resistance from former Spartanian troops; likewise, we expect the insurgency to be well-armed as they very likely have seized many Sparatanian weapons.
Free, fair and open elections will be held when the various participating bodies of the operation deem it is safe for the citizenry of Pangus and Prudensia to do so in a manner in which their vote will not be swayed by insurgents nor political rivals who would use force to gain power. When such conditions will be met is unknown, and will remain unknown for quite some time.
Obviously, the United Kingdom does not want these weapons falling into the hands of terrorists, nor do we want them accessible to black market traders. The armed services of the United Kingdom have been ordered to destroy all weapon caches found as well as any Spartanian and Heraldan weaponry that is seized over the course of this campaign.
Regards,
Prime Minister James Zaeir
"When you have power, use it to build people, not constrict them."-Bertrand Russell
"I destroy my enemies when I make them my friends."-Abraham Lincoln
by Empire of Symphonia » Wed Mar 26, 2014 5:03 pm
by Riysa » Wed Mar 26, 2014 7:21 pm
From: SmBR Saddam al-Tikriti, Riysian Navy
Naval Expeditionary Force YSR
To:Carrier Group London, Navy of the Blackhelm Confederacy
Encryption: High
This is the Riysian carrier Saddam al-Tikriti. We're here to provide support. Request a quick chat to discuss plan of action.
by Dungeyland » Thu Mar 27, 2014 11:12 am
Dear: Mr. Samuel Reich, the United Kingdom
BCC: The Chancellor of the Blackhelm Confederacy
From: The Lord Scylla, the First Lord of the Treasury of the Dangish Empire.
by Blackhelm Confederacy » Thu Mar 27, 2014 11:34 am
There was a time, many years ago, when I found myself walking down the streets of Bristol, in Agrincourt. I was a young man then, and had decided to spend some time abroad, to experience life outside of our borders for a bit. While there, I walked down the streets every single day to find men, several of them well over three hundred pounds, crying poverty, proclaiming that they cannot pay their bills yet manage to feed an appetite that can quell the pain of some villages in our nation. I heard several times, as people stuffed their faces with various fried foods and stuffed all manner of terrible things into themselves, these people complain about how their healthcare, health care that they received without charge, was taking more time than they deemed satisfactory to return their test results. Each night, and indeed even at times during the day, I would watch as individuals would receive checks for doing nothing more than staying at home, and walk to their nearest drug dealer for a fix, shooting themselves up and continuing to be a drain upon society.
This is what the West holds. Obesity, ungratefulness, and drug abuse. These are just a few, small samplings of the horrors I have seen, but they serve to highlight just how decrepit of a system exists in these places, a system in which the productive are punished, given a great tax burden and made to watch as that which they have worked so hard for is stripped away, and those whom do nothing, those who sit at home, those who contribute nothing, are rewarded. This is entirely against the natural order of the planet, allowing the weak to survive while the strong die out, continually shrinking into lower and lower classes until they are no more.
It seems that these socialist and pseudo-communist nations that have come into being have to learn this simple truth time and again by their own experience. They under took to be revolutionary , to attempt the already failed socialist experiment in their own lands, and found themselves in the shoes of all those who tried and failed before them—they are now forced to draw the conclusions which every revolutionary and socialist must draw.
Each and every one of these nations claims to be a democracy. Democracy is the rule of the majority. As long as the will of the majority was not clear, as long as it is possible to make it out to be unclear, at least with a grain of plausibility, the people are offered a counter- bourgeois socialist government disguised as “democratic.” But this delay could not last long. It is only a matter of time before the majority, both the middle and upper classes but the middle class in particular, come to see what is becoming of them, as each passing generation no longer does better than the one before them. Once parents watch as their children struggle to get jobs, watch as their funds are siphoned off to pay for some criminal to be “rehabilitated”, it is then that the spark of the revolution is ignited in their hearts.
How, then, can anyone continue to support the transfer of all power in the state to a central government, a government which does literally everything, including feed and clothe its people? Such support means nothing but renouncing democracy! It means no more no less than imposing on the people a government which admittedly can neither come into being nor hold its ground democratically, as a result of truly free, truly popular elections.
I once again implore the people of the west to see their governments for what they are, a government for the lowest denominator, a group of people who support those who should have naturally been driven out of the evolutionary chain, and rise up to cast them off, and join the brotherhood of nations that seek only the betterment and advancement of mankind!
by Dungeyland » Thu Mar 27, 2014 12:05 pm
by Riysa » Thu Mar 27, 2014 12:51 pm
Declaration of the Formation of the Tel al-Riyah Pact
The Constitutional Monarchy of Aquitayne, the Fascistic Arab Republic of Riysa, and the Protectorate of Cadenza, from here on to be referred to as "signatories", believe in the cooperation and neutrality of Astyria and therefore have come together in friendship and honor to ratify this treaty. Let it be known to the nations of the world that the Constitutional Monarchy of Aquitayne and the Fascistic Republic of Riysa pledge henceforth to commit themselves to the peace, prosperity and well-being of one another.
Clause I)
It is the belief of the signatories that the neutrality of Astyrian nations is being removed by the polarization of the two economic and military blocs of the Eastern Astyrian Trade Organisation (EATA) and the Astyrian Trade Organisation (ATO). These two entities are increasingly pulling the region apart, and as such the signatories agree henceforth to ensure their neutrality in the region and to stop all active pursuance of membership to either body indefinitely.
Clause II)
The signatories of this document also believe that it is in the best interests of both parties to begin tariff-free trade in a manner befitting of both signatories. To this end, the signatories agree to devote naval assets to ensure the safety of this trade from pirates, terrorists and any other entity pursuant to Clause IV of this document.
Clause III)
The signatories of this document hereby mutually agree to hand over persons who, having been charged with or convicted of the following acts, committed within the jurisdiction of one of the contracting parties, shall seek asylum or be found within the territories of the other: Provided that the actions perpetrated have criminal origin and evidence supporting the breaking of law, that would justify his or her apprehension and commitment for trial if the crime has been committed, include the following:
- Murder, comprehending assassination, parricide, infanticide, and poisoning; attempt to commit murder, manslaughter, when voluntary.
- Arson
- Robbery; defined to be the act of ferociously taking items from another person
- Forgery, or the utterance of forged papers; the forgery or falsification of papers of official acts of Governments, of public authorities, or any variant thereof
- The counterfeiting, falsifying or altering of money, whether coin, paper or electronic
- Embezzlement
- Fraud or breach of trust by a bailee, banker, agent, trustee, or other person acting in a fiduciary capacity, or director or officer or member of a company
- Perjury; subornation of perjury
- Rape; abduction; kidnapping
- Criminal acts committed at sea; Piracy, revolt, wrongfully sinking or damaging a vessel at sea or attempting to do so, assault on board a ship on the high seas (Pursuant to Clause II, IV)
Clause IV)
The respective sovereign nations of whom are signatories to this document agree to mutual defense of sovereignty, whether internal or external in nature, barring the use of Weapons of Mass Destruction. The defense of the receiver and the resources allocated by the non-engaged party must be proportional to the conflict being waged; that the insurance of a wider and more devastating conflict be avoided is paramount. Likewise, the non-engaged party must be capable of allocating such resources in a manner which will not hamper their own ability to detect, deter and eliminate threats to their national security.
His Majesty the King, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom,
Za'im of Riysa and Commander-in-Chief of the Riysian Armed Forces,
Tawfiq al-Hiwari
Beriq of Cadenza, Kerep Khadeg,
Adrahil Kamënus
by Empire of Symphonia » Thu Mar 27, 2014 7:38 pm
by GHawkins » Thu Apr 03, 2014 11:47 am
by Dungeyland » Sat Apr 05, 2014 9:25 am
by Aquitayne » Sat Apr 05, 2014 12:17 pm
WARNO1. Situation: Dangish military forces have begun insertion into the territory of Pangus without informing Central Command, Metropolitan Command, Colonial Command, the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of the Interior, the Prime Minister of Aquitayne and the United Kingdom, as well as any Symphonian counterpart thereof.
2. Mission: You are hereby ordered to begin Operation New Dawn in support of humanitarian assistance to the people of Pangus and Prudenesia within the hour. Symphonian High Command is likewise being alerted to this WARNO and orders.
Who: United Kingdom forces
What: Beginning of Operation New Dawn
When: Within the hour
Where: Operational Zones of Pangus and Prudenesia
Why: Humanitarian Operations
3. General Instructions:
Chain of Command:
Commander, 5th Infantry Division, Colonel Ionus Portus
Commander, IV Corps, Field Marshal Liam Wright
Commander, Colonial Command, Senior Field Marshal Nura Mann
Commander, Central Command, Grand Field Marshal of the Army Halvor Hummel
4. Movement Orders
5TH INFANTRY DIVISION to move directly to Corvus, ignore all targets of opportunity and tertiary objectives, with:
12TH ARMORED INFANTRY BRIGADE, 13TH ARMORED INFANTRY BRIGADE, 15TH ARMY AVIATION BRIGADE
DETACH: 12TH MECHANIZED BRIGADE; SECURE TOWN OF BISEGNA
20TH KOMMANDOSOW BRIGADE to begin air assault operations on the airfield southwest of Borsoi and proceed once secured to the pacification of the village
120TH LIGHT INFANTRY BRIGADE to move at once to the town of Bagnolo and secure major thoroughfares as well as the populace and viable topographical areas
1ST KOMMANDOSOW BRIGADE to begin air assault operations on the airfield northwest of Dovadola, and once secured to the securing of the village itself, as well as the blockage of all major thoroughfares
5. SOP
All units are expected to adhere to traditional Standard Operating Procedures in accordance with standard Rules of Engagement unless otherwise authorized from COLCOM/CENTCOM.
Sent: 1800 GMT
Authorization: ZTN29108NWERHS291755SHAURNLTAIPZ
"When you have power, use it to build people, not constrict them."-Bertrand Russell
"I destroy my enemies when I make them my friends."-Abraham Lincoln
by Dungeyland » Sat Apr 05, 2014 1:10 pm
Dear: Mr. Samuel Reich, the United Kingdom
BCC: The Chancellor of the Blackhelm Confederacy
From: The Lord Scylla, the First Lord of the Treasury of the Dangish Empire.
by Dungeyland » Sat Apr 05, 2014 1:38 pm
by Kamalbia » Sun Apr 06, 2014 2:12 pm
by Nation of Polarus » Thu Apr 10, 2014 6:13 am
To: Samuel Reich, Prime Minister of the Constitutional Monarchy of Aquitayne, Za'im Tawfiq al-Hiwari
From: Nassim Zakiyah, President of the Republic of Polarus
Good day Mr. Prime Minister, Mr. Za'im,
I hope this letter finds you well. As you well know, the recent tensions between the East Astyrian Treaty Alliance and the member states of the United Kingdom have been a cause for unease throughout the eastern portion of this region, and can devolve into great turmoil unless mediated effectively. In order to ensure that things run as smoothly as possible, I ask your permission to send over a delegation to observe the matters taking place in your area of operations. You have my word, these men are not military men, but instead I have personally handpicked prominent sheikhs from some of my most loyal tribes, men who are fluent in the languages spoken by the nations involved, be it Vik'rus, Spartanian, or other, and a handful of his staff and assistants. If it will reassure you, we would welcome Aquitaynian or Riysan observers to our own deployment to the Insula Fera, which is preparing for deployment as we speak.
Sincerely,
President Nassim Zakiyah
by Blackhelm Confederacy » Thu Apr 10, 2014 9:36 am
by Aurora Confederacy » Thu Apr 10, 2014 3:10 pm
by Nouvel Ecosse » Fri Apr 11, 2014 9:12 am
by Empire of Symphonia » Fri Apr 11, 2014 7:13 pm
Her Imperial Majesty's Armed Forces - Ministry of Defense of the Asian Federation of Nations
1. Related Receivers -AFN Chain of Command in Fort Tratismara, Command offices of the United Kingdom Joint Operations theatre and Aquitaynian counterparts thereof
2. Situation -Noting the increased presence of EATA forces, the Ministry of Information believes that foreign involvement will encourage native paramilitaries to oppose UK operations and thereby harm UK personnel. Reports of propaganda opposing UK and specifically AFN operations have surfaced, particularly in Prudensia and may cause conflict with citizens there. Connections to EATA agents are unknown but suspected. Local paramilitaries may be armed with advanced weaponry supplies from captured ISE arsenals as well as potential foreign suppliers. MoI investigation underway regarding potential donors. In addition, the potential loss of vital infrastructure to EATO forces may force logistics issues until recommended construction and infrastructure upgrades are complete. Operation New Dawn regarding Pangus has been put into action, and forces are reporting sporadic resistance and opposition from native paramilitaries.
3. AFN Strategic Command Decision -Commence Operation Rising Sun regarding AFN forces that have been designated as part of Prudensia front forces. Use of paratroopers and aircraft authorized to seize control of Prudensia National Highway running from Nouveau Avignon to Trina. Baker Air Force Base and Avignon Airport are priority targets, as is the port of Nouveau Avignon. Aircraft based in Hienkoku and the Security Zone are authorized to ignore Dangish No-Fly Zone and proceeded to provide air cover to Aquitaynian units nearing Corvus as to facilitate rapid capture of the air fields there. Secondary support from the Lazurian naval squadron recommended if heavy resistance is founded in Nouveau Avignon.
Use of 7th Fleet to blockade Mican Strait if continued EATA buildup threatens UK operation viability suggested, though explicitly on orders of MinDef or PM.
4. Movement Orders -Washington-class missile battleship AFS Fukuoka to deploy to Avignon harbor and provide cover fire for land based and amphibious forces
AFN Battlemap for Operation Rising Sun and Operation New Dawn
2nd HIENKOKU AIRBORNE and 5th ARMOUR BATTELION authorized to proceed from adjunct coast and pincer strike Noveau Avignon in coordination with TASK FORCE 7 SPECIAL FORCES proceeding from Lazurian Squadron
16th ARMOURED BATTELION, 9th ARMOURED BATTELION, 8th CHEONSA BRIGADE, and 54th BATTELION pincer strike Baker-Paodelerat metropolitan area, priority targets are the Baker Tunnel section of the Prudensian National Highway and Baker Air force Base
11th, 12th, and 15th AIRBORNE SPECIAL FORCES land in Trina and seize vital government buildings and infrastructure
5 Eurocopter Tiger to be granted for Aquitaynian use in Pangus Operations
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