Silar Factbook (UNDER CONSTRUCTION)

[Silar]

Under Construction -- Do not post yet

The Official Factbook of the High Commonwealth of Silar

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The Royal Chancery

The Office of the Lord Chancellor

The Justiciaries of Silar

The Secretariat of State

The Treasury of Silar

The Ministry of Foreign and Regional Affairs

The Ministry of Justice and Order

The Ministry of Lower Education

The Ministry of Scholarship and Higher Education

The Ministry of War

The Ministry of Health and Public Safety

The Ministry of the Interior

The Ministry of Charity

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The Throne of Silar

The Royal Court of Silar

The Household of His Royal and Serene Majesty the King of Silar

The Household of Her Majesty the Princess of Silar Demesne

The Household of His Majesty the Prince of Camen City

The Household of His Majesty the Prince of Norse

The Household of Her Majesty the Princess of Mapleburough

The Household of His Majesty the Prince of Westmount

The College of Lords Regent

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The High Parliament and Sovereignities of Silar

The High Parliament

The Grand Duchy of Angle

The Serene Republic of Nore

The Principality of Wenten

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The Silaran Catholic Patriarchal Church

Overview

Clergy and Hierarchy

Saints and Traditions

Liturgy and Sacraments

Additional Information

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Appendix

Culture

History

[Silar]

The Office of the Lord Chancellor

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The Lord Chancellor of the High Commonwealth of Silar is the head of His Royal and Serene Majesty's Government and serves as Silar's head of government and chief executive. Together with the Ministers of the Royal Chancery, he is responsible for carrying out the directives of the Throne and High Parliament as well enforcing and putting into action their policies. He is directly responsible to the Throne, to the Lords Regent, and to High Parliament for his and his government's actions. The Lord Chancellor also serves as the chief judicial officer of the High Commonwealth and organizes the operations of the judiciary and of the courts.

At the vacancy of the office, the First Ministers of High Parliament are responsible for drawing up a list of a total of ten candidates which is submitted to the King of Silar who ultimately appoints the Lord Chancellor from that list. The Lord Chancellor is an officer of the Royal Court and may serve for a maximum of two six year terms. He may be impeached and removed by office by either the Lords Regent or by High Parliament and, as he serves at the pleasure of the Monarch, may be removed by the Monarch at any time. The Lord Chancellor may not, during his tenure, be a member of either High Parliament or the College of Lords Regent.

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The Lord Chancellor of Silar is currently:
The Right Honorable Thomas Call
Who is serving the 1st year of his 2nd term. He was appointed to office on January 3, 2012 by His Royal and Serene Majesty King Pius Alartho. His term will expire January 3, 2018.

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Biography of the Lord Chancellor
TBA

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[Silar]

The Justiciaries of Silar

Home -- The Office of the Lord Chancellor

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The Justiciaries of Silar is the central and universal court system of the High Commonwealth of Silar and is an office of the Royal Chancery directly subordinate to the Office of the Lord Chancellor. Charged with upholding justice and the legitimate rule, interpretation, and application of the law, the Justiciaries manage all matters of justice, civil and criminal, on all levels of government and Silaran life. There are five Justiciaries in Silar: the Justiciary of Angle, the Justiciary of Wenten, the Justiciary of Norse, the Royal Justiciary of Silar Demesne, and the High Justiciary of Silar. All but the High Justiciary are coequal and manage a distinct jurisdiction while the High Justiciary acts as the supreme court of law in Silar. While the Justiciaries hear everyday criminal and civil cases, the High Justiciary manages appeals and special cases such as suits between Sovereignities and organs of government as well as those cases which have the Throne or foreign governments as parties. The High Justiciary also manages judicial review of law created by High Parliament.

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The Organization of the Courts

Each Justiciary is divided into three sections: The Magistries, the Lower Courts, and the Upper Courts. The Magistries manage the everyday non-contentious issues of local law such as name changes, matters dealing with wills, minor areas of matrimonial and family law, and most summary cases for infraction level cases like traffic tickets. The Lower Courts hear contentious civil cases between citizens, unindictable criminal offenses, appeals from the Magistries, divorce/annullments and other contentious matrimonial and family matters, and manage judicial review for local law. The Upper Courts hear indictable criminal offenses, manage judicial review of Sovereignity law, hear appeals from the Lower Court, and hear litigation between organs of Sovereignity government and the suits of citizens against organs of government.

The High Justiciary is organized slightly differently. It has no Magistries. Its Lower Courts are solely responsible for hearing appeals from the Upper Courts of all Justiciaries around the nation though it will occasionally hear cases in the first instance when they believe they concern Silar as a whole and demand its attention it also manages most judicial review of High Parliament's laws. Its Upper Court serves as the governing body for the Justiciaries and it hears appeals from the Lower Court of the High Justiciary it will hear a hand full of judicial review cases in the first instance a year. There is no appeal from the Upper Court of the High Justiciary.

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The Judges and Justices

All Judges and Justices are appointed by the Lord Chancellor on behalf of the Monarch. Judges are assigned to hear cases in the Justiciaries while the Justices sit on the bench of the High Justiciary. The Judges of each Justiciary, called the Justiciary College, elect each year their Chief Justice who then appoints the other officers of the Justiciary, appoints magistrates for the Magistries, and deals with the day to day administration of the Justiciary. The Justices and High Justices, the Justices of the Upper Court, of the High Justiciary, called the Royal Bench, elect a a Presiding Justice who carries out the same duty. The Chief Justice of the High Justiciary is ex officio the Lord Chancellor who has final say on all matters in every Justiciary.

Magistrates are styled: "The Honorable ________" "Your Honor"
Lower Court Judges are styled: "His Worship, the Honorable ____________" or "Your Honor"
Upper Court Judges are styled: "His Right Worship, the Honorable ___________" or "Your Honor"
Chief Justices of the Justicaries are styled: "His Most Worshipful Honor"
Justices and High Justices of the High Justiciary are styled: "His Lorship"

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The Bar

The Bar of each Justiciary is the body of lawyers, called 'barristers', who are permitted to speak of their own accord in court. Every barrister must possess a Master of Laws from and accredited university and pass an examination to prove their knowledge of law. Any barrister has the right to not only file motions and petitions with the court but also to speak as an advocate in court. The Bar of each Justiciary manages its own membership and elects a Bar President who oversees the organization. The Bar may expel and remove privileges from any of its members by means of its own disciplinary procedures and tribunals. Barristers while executing their duties in court wear black robes and a banded legal collar.

Note any private citizen has the right to file motions and petitions to the court and to speak on their own behalf in cases which concern them. There are lawyers, not part of the Bar, who provide legal advice as well as file motions on behalf of persons called soliciters. Soliciters also file with the Bar though are not members. They need only have a Bachelor of Laws from an accredited university and sign an affidavit attesting to their ability to professionally provide legal services. Soliciters may not represent clients in criminal cases though are permitted to act as advocates and speak in courts during civil cases on some occasions. Soliciters never wear robes though may wear the banded legal collar.

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Information for Citizens

Your Rights in Court
As a citizen of Silar, you are granted certain rights in all cases whether they be criminal or otherwise. Section 6, Article V of the Charter of Unity assures you will be given due process before being deprived of your liberty or property. Section 8 protects you from the death penalty absolutely. No judicial proceeding or official act of the state can put you to death. You are also protected form extradition where the death penalty will be your fate.

Note you are also protected in court from the following:
-Self-incrimination
-Forced confession
-Excessive bails and fines
And you are assured the following:
-A fair, speedy, public trial
-The right to face your accuser in a public judicial setting
-To have legal counsel when accused of a crime
-To have witnesses in your defence whena ccused of a crime
-The presumption of innocence until proven guilt
-Appeal
-Trial by jury or judicial college

Jury Duty
As a Silaran citizen, you have the duty to serve on a jury when you are called to do so. This will occur in the form of being served a summons to court for jury duty if your name is drawn by lot. If you are called, you must appear on the date listed, or if you absolutely cannot you may have a lawyer appear on your behalf to submit your reasoning to the judge. To fail to appear is contempt of court and you may be fined up to SC$100,000 or jailed for a term of no more than 3 months.

After appearing, you will be given a list of parties to the case. If you know any, you must immediately inform the judge. Following this, you will be questioned by the lawyers in the case as well as the judge to determine if you have conflict of interest or another reason that would prevent you from being an impartial juror. You will be dismissed if you cannot be an impartial juror. Note that it is perjury to falsify testimony during this process and is punishable by a fine of up to SC$250,000 and/or a jail term of no more than a year.

If you are chosen to serve on a jury, you will be compensated for your time and will be given a notice by the judge. Please present the notice to any employer or other party who needs be informed of your absence due to jury duty. It is illegal for an employer to fire you or otherwise punish you because of jury service provided you present your notice to them. As a juror, you may not speak about the case outside of the court or to any save officers of the court or other jurors. Any time you speak with members of the plaintiff/prosecution or defence, an officer of the court, preferably the judge, must be present. These obligations are lifted following the conclusion of the case.

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Members of the Justiciaries

The High Justiciary

Chief Justice: The Rt. Hon. Thomas Call, Lord Chancellor
High Justices:
His Lordship Matthew Paille (Justice Prior)
Her Ladyship Catherine Dunneback
His Lordship Neil Mothershed
His Lordship Ted Kollish
Her Ladyship Sofia Bodner
Her Ladyship Helen Bellatoni
His Lordship Nathaniel Walworth
His Lordship Arthur Gorsuch
His Lordship Max Silverberg
Her Ladyship Emily Strate

Justiciary of Angle
Chief Justice: TBA

Justiciary of Norse
Chief Justice: TBA

Justiciary of Wenten
Chief Justice: TBA

Royal Justiciary of Silar Demesne
Chief Justice: TBA


Forms

If you would like to petition the Justiciaries, please submit the following form addressed to the Chief Justice of your Justiciary.

Code: Select all

[b][u]Petition for Suit[/u][/b]
[b]Justiciary:[/b]
[b]Plaintiff:[/b]
[b]v.[/b]
[b]Defendant:[/b]

[b]Complaint:[/b]
[b]Desired Compensation:[/b]

[b]Name of Counsel:[/b]

[Silar]

The Secretariat of State

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The Secretariat of State is a ministry of the Royal Chancery of Silar charged with the "essential matters" of state in Silar. Most notably, it manages and organizes all elections, delivering a drawing up all official documents of government, managing the state archive, the reception of dignitaries, and all state ceremonies. The Secretariat is head by the Secretary of State who is appointed and serves at the pleasure of the Lord Chancellor of behalf of His Royal and Serene Majesty.

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Members
Secretary of State: Lord Samuel Yorkman
Deputy Secretary of State: Dame Jennifer Wallen
Undersecretary of State for Elections: Sir Alfred Anderson
Undersecretary of State for Documents: Sir Cooper Taller
Undersecretary of State for Ceremonies: Dame Susan Prilla

[Silar]

The Treasury of Silar

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The Treasury of Silar is a ministry of the Royal Chancery which manages all government matters of money, finance, and taxes. The Treasury mints all money, collects and enforces taxes, draws up and carries out the government budget, performs all economic regulation, and acts as the central bank of the Silaran state. It is headed by the Lord Treasurer of Silar who is appointed and serves at the pleasure of the Lord Chancellor on behalf of His Royal and Serene Majesty.

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Members
Lord Treasurer of Silar: Lord Alexander Windor
Deputy Treasurer of Silar: Sir Lewis Crammen
Undertreasurer for Revenue Services: Dame Elizabeth Sorol
Undertreasurer for the Mint: Dame Anne Nell
Undertreasurer for the Central Bank: Sir Alvin Rockenton
Undertreasurer for Economic Regulation: Sir Michael Penn

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Essential Economic Data
(Source: NS Economy)

GDP: $25,854,011,073,463.58
GDP per Capita: $9,540.23
Unemployment: 8.58%

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The Currency of Silar

Silar uses the Silaran Crown as its currency.

General Information
Exchange rate: 2.0578 Silaran Crowns = $1 USD (Source: NSEconomy)
Symbol: SC
Denominations:
1 Crown:2 Florins:4 Shillings:10 Pence:20 Penny:100 Centpiece

Coins/Bills
Coins issued:
2 Crown
1 Crown
1 Florin (Halfcrown)
1 Shilling (Quartercrown)
1 Pence
1 Penny
1 Centpiece
Bills Issued:
2 Crown
5 Crown
10 Crown
20 Crown
25 Crown
50 Crown
100 Crown
200 Crown

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Government Budget
(Source: NSEconomy)

Administration: $1,981,771,255,997.12 8%
Social Welfare: $4,211,263,918,993.88 17%
Healthcare: $1,238,607,034,998.20 5%
Education: $5,202,149,546,992.44 21%
Religion & Spirituality: $2,477,214,069,996.40 10%
Defence: $1,734,049,848,997.48 7%
Law & Order: $2,477,214,069,996.40 10%
Commerce: $743,164,220,998.92 3%
Public Transport: $1,238,607,034,998.20 5%
The Environment: $1,486,328,441,997.84 6%
Social Equality: $1,981,771,255,997.12 8%

Current as of December 2012

[Silar]

The Ministry of Foreign and Regional Affairs

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The Ministry of Foreign and Regional Affairs is a ministry of the Royal Chancery which manages concerns of foreign policy, diplomatic relations, and civilian intelligence. It is headed by the Minister for Foreign and Regional Affairs who is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the Lord Chancellor on behalf of His Royal and Serene Majesty.

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Members
Minister for Foreign and Regional Affairs: Lady Agnes Nicks
Deputy Minister for Foreign and Regional Affairs: Dame Cecilia Pauls
Underminister of Foreign and Regional Affairs for Regional Affairs:The Most Honorable Lord Sean Lorelhart, Marquess of Silverrock
Underminister of Foreign and Regional Affairs for Extra-Regional Affairs: Dame Sandi Beren
Underminister of Foreign and Regional Affairs for Diplomatic Relations: Sir Antoine Peret
Underminister of Foreign and Regional Affairs for Civilian Intelligence: Sir Timothy Picard, KP (Commodore, Royal Silaran Navy, retired.)

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Embassy Program

The Silaran Ministry of Foreign and Regional Affairs manages a full embassy exchange program through the Underminister for Diplomatic Relations' Office for Embassy Programs, which both allows nations to apply for embassies in the High Commonwealth but also scouts for nations in which to construct embassies. The Office for Embassy Programs (OEP) also manages all matters relating to embassies and to the are and handling accorded to ambassadors and other diplomatic officers in Silar. They deliver and escort diplomatic satchels, arrange for security and travel arrangements for embassy officers and ambassadors, manage all matter relating to diplomatic immunity and extraterritoriality, and advise other agencies and offices of government on the rights and privileges afforded diplomatic officers.

For more information, please visit the OEP offices.

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The Royal Civilian Intelligence Service (RCIS)

The Royal Civilian Intelligence Service (RCIS) is the official intelligence agency of the High Commonwealth of Silar and is a subordinate agency to the Underminister of Foreign and Regional Affairs for Civilian Intelligence. The RCIS operates in a broad collection of nations abroad with the mission of promotion of Silar's interests by means of espionage and undercover operations. For the most part, the RCIS simply manages a careful observation of international affairs in order to appraise the government of Silar as to the fullest and deepest state of the world. They also are commonly charged with locating Silaran fugitives from Justice who have fled to other nations and, if need be, capture and return them to Silaran justice. The RCIS often works closely in collaboration with the Ministry of War in helping fulfill their intelligence needs.

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His Royal and Serene Majesty's Corps Plenipotentary

His Royal and Serene Majesty's Corps Plenipotentary is a body of individuals under patent and warrant from the Throne to service as official envoys of the Monarch and his government with full representation and powers. The corps contains four ranks: Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotenary, Envoy extraordinary and Minister plenipotenary, Minister Resident, and His Royal and Serene Majesty's Commissioner. All in the Corps Plenipotenary have the right to style themselves "His/Her Excellency" and the government of Silar fights to ensure them diplomatic immunity abroad.

Ambassadors extraordinary and plenipotentary or "Ambassadors" are the most numerous of the ministers of the Corps Plenipotentary. Each Ambassador serves abroad as the Monarch's representative to another head of state and possess a full embassy staffed with consuls and other diplomatic officers. Ambassadors are given letters of credence that they must present.

Envoys extraordinary and Ministers plenipotentary or "Envoys" are similar to Ambassadors in that they represent the Monarch to another government and hold residence in nation. However, they are distinct in that, while they are diplomatic envoys in an official sense, they do not possess a full embassy and thus even if their position may be "permanent" they do not rank in the same class as Ambassadors. They may or may not present letters of credence depending on the situation at hand.

Ministers Resident are diplomats who exist in roles not falling into the two higher categories yet are still comparable to them. Commonly, this is in that they represent a body aside from a state or that their representation is more informal. Ministers Resident are often sent to war-torn regions, to rebel bodies, to large international organizations, or to other applicable groups. They rarely, if ever, have to present their letters of credence.

His Royal and Serene Majesty's Commissioners are diplomats serving in nations in the Great Realm of Silar. These nations' heads of state swear fealty to the Monarch of Silar and share their dominion with him. The Commissioners represent the Monarch's will and presence to the Realm-Nation's head of state and government.

Members of the Corps (In order of precedence)
His Excellency Christian Gallien, Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentary to the Most Serene United Kingdom of Bordoria.
His Excellency Max Orick, Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentary to the Republica Serenissima of Insel des Mondes.
Her Excellency Marylou Hocker, Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentary to the People's Republic of Namor.
His Excellent Lordship Count Hugh Schieber, LL.D., Professor Emeritus, HRSM's Counsel, Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotenary to the Kingdom of Rome.
His Excellency Sir Edwin McEachin, KKGA, M.Litt., Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentary to the Republic of Finaora.
Her Excellency Penelope Pavia, Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotenary to the Republic of Gaveo.
His Excellency Hugh Krumm, Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotenary to the Colony of Springmont.
His Excellency Sir Matthew Harring, KT, Ph.D., Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentary to the Two Federal Kingdoms of Tiroladinien and the Litorale.
His Excellency, the Most Honorable Lord Alexander McBrayer, Marquess, S.T.M., Ambassador extraordinary to the Empire of Lacus Magni.
His Excellency Sir Leo Wenels, KCC, Ph.M., Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentary to the Divine Republic of Sanctaria.
His Excellency Alexander Lorren, Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentary to the Collectivist Oligarchy of Vistulange.
Her Excellency Dame Harriet Bath, DKGA, Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentary to the Confederacy of Neu Engollon.
Her Excellency Lucy Williams, Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentary to the Principality of Hanalia.
Her Excellency the Honorable Lady Violet Sidney, Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentary to the Republic of Hippostania.
His Excellency Sir Theodore Orville, Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentary to the Republic of Isola degli Alberi.
His Excellency Sir John Pope, Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentary to the Republic of Greater New York.
His Excellency Sir Fredrick Albion, KT, Minister Resident to the World Assembly (Permanent Observer of the High Commonwealth of Silar)
His Excellency Dr. Ambrose Baker, S.T.D., Minister Resident to the Grand Inter-Denominational Alliance of Christian States
His Excellency Lord Arthur McCormick, His Royal and Serene Majesty's Commissioner to the Autonomous Monastic Community of Mount Saint Benedict.
His Excellency Sir Walter Robin, KT, His Royal and Serene Majesty's Commissioner to the Principality of Silaran Irilana.

[Silar]

The Ministry of Justice and Order

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The Ministry of Justice and Order is a ministry of the Royal Chancery which manages affairs of law enforcement as well as official legal representation for the government of Silar. It is headed by the Attorney General of the High Commonwealth of Silar who is appointed and serves at the pleasure of the Lord Chancellor on behalf of His Royal and Serene Majesty.

The Ministry is one of the largest in Silar and is run beneath the Attorney General by a team of Associate Attorney Generals whose teams touch on a wide variety of legal affairs. Many of these offices work closely with other ministries in their mission. For instance, the Office of Foreign Law Affairs works with the Ministry of Foreign and Regional Affairs and the Office for Commercial Crime works with the Treasury of Silar.

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Members
Attorney General of the High Commonwealth of Silar: The Honorable Lord George More, Count of Woodwich
The Deputy Attorney General: Sir Thomas Reeve
Solicitor General: Dame Sarah Mason, DJ
Associate Attorney General for Civil Rights: Dame Donna Campbell
Associate Attorney General for Commercial Crime: Sir Donald Fisher, KJ
Associate Attorney General for Foreign Law Affairs: Sir Brandon Butler
Associate Attorney General for Civil Cases: His Lordship Matthew Knight, Baron of Norse
Associate Attorney General for Environmental Cases: Dame Amy Lloyd
Associate Attorney General for Internal Affairs: Sir Archibald Kent, KCGJ
Prosecutor General: Sir Gerald Ward, KCJ
Inspector General of Silar: The Honorable Lord William Grey, Count of Silar Demesne
Commissioner of the Royal Silaran Police Service: Sir Lance Dillinger

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The Offices of the Ministry

Office of the Solicitor General
The Solicitor General is a legal officer who provides general legal advice to all offices and who forms the liaison between the Ministry of Justice and all other Ministries as well as the courts. The Solicitor also manages the Bureau for Pardons which receives pardon applications and investigates them in order to present a list of the most promising to the Monarch for consideration. The Solicitor General's primary duty is to assist the Attorney General in formulating the official policy of the Ministry.

Office for Civil Rights
The Office for Civil Rights oversees all cases of the Ministry involving civil rights and enforces the civil rights of all in Silar. It can be one of the most active cases and has full investigatory powers to resolve all cases it receives.

Office for Commercial Cases
The Office for Commercial Cases manages all legal matters related to economic regulation in Silar and for this reason works closely with the Treasury of Silar. It advises the Treasury of legal matters and assists in auditing and investigating suspect businesses and individuals.

Office for Foreign Law Affairs
The Office for Foreign Law Affairs manages all foreign legal matters for the Ministry. It works closely with the Ministry for Foreign and Regional Affairs and is the official legal advisory of that ministry. The Office receives and works with all extradition cases, both into and out of Silar, and works to ensure that the High Commonwealth is in compliance with international law as well as advising all branches of government as the the legal practices and laws of all foreign countries. It also represents the Silaran government in cases abroad. The Office for Foreign Law Affairs, in conjunction with the Inspector General also manages the Bureau of Anti-Espionage Activities which works to is Silar's counter-intelligence agency.

Office for Civil Cases
The Office for Civil Cases represents the central government of Silar in all civil cases brought against it and by it. It is the Silaran government's legal team in all court cases.

Office for Environmental Cases
The Office for Environmental Cases manages all matters of environmental law and regulation for the Ministry. It works closely with the Ministry of the Interior.

Office for Internal Affairs
The Office of Internal Affairs is the internal investigatory and regulatory agency for all of the Silaran government. It serves as a government watchdog and investigates all complaints of corruption and other governmental misconduct.

Office of the Prosecutor General
The Prosecutor General is an independent prosecutorial attorney with universal jurisdiction in Silar. It coordinates the activities of subordinates Prosecutor's offices around Silar and intervenes on certain cases where it is needed.

Office of the Inspector General
The Inspector General is the investigatory officer for the Ministry of Justice. It manages an independent team of detectives and investigators to uncover information on behalf of the Ministry of Justice and its offices. He works in conjunction with the Office for Foreign Legal Affairs to run the Bureau of Anti-Espionage Activities, Silar's counter-intelligence agency.

The Royal Silaran Police Service (RSPS)
The Royal Silaran Police Service (RSPS) is Silar's universal police organization. While lesser jurisdictions have full ability to establish their own police systems, the RSPS serves to coordinate all police activities around Silar and has jurisdiction all over the nation. It forms the highest police agency in Silar and has authority over the activities of all others.

[Silar]

The Ministry of Lower Education

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The Ministry of Lower Education is a ministry of the Royal Chancery which manages educational affairs at the elementary and secondary levels. The Ministry accredits all education institutions at the elementary and secondary level, establishes national educational standards, erects school districts and other educational authorities, sets national teaching certification norms, and promotes the continued education and training of teachers. It is headed by the Minister of Lower Education who is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the Lord Chancellor on behalf of His Royal and Serene Majesty.

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Members
Minister of Lower Education: Lady Cadence Hill
Deputy Minister of Lower Education: Dame Cathy Moore
Underminister of Lower Education for Elementary Schools: Dame Mary Joe Bennett
Underminister of Lower Education for Secondary Schools: Sir Charles Windor
Underminister of Lower Education for Educational Standards: Sir Rudolph Lee
Underminister of Lower Education for Teachers: Dame Annis Harvey
Archchancellor of Public Lower Education: The Honorable Lord Abraham Chapman

[Silar]

The Ministry of Scholarship and Higher Education

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The Ministry of Scholarship and Higher Education is a ministry of the Royal Chancery which manages affairs of education at the university level as well as promoting learning and scholarship in said institutions. The Ministry is responsible for accrediting all universities, colleges, and institutes. In addition, they allocate grant monies, manages the Bachelor's Degree Opportunity Program (BDOP) which gives every Silaran youth a chance at obtaining a bachelor's degree without cost, and grants other scholarships to students seeking degrees higher than the bachelor's level and thus not covered by BDOP. Finally, the Ministry works to promote general public learning as well as the advancement of knowledge. I maintains the Royal Academies of Science, Philosophy, Letters, and Arts, and many other programs geared at helping scholars in their studies and ambitions. The Ministry is headed by the Minister of Scholarship and Higher Education who is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the Lord Chancellor on behalf of His Royal and Serene Majesty.

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Members
Minister of Scholarship and Higher Education: Lord Willis Roberts
Deputy Minister of Scholarship and Higher Education: Sir Lawrence McEll
Underminister of Scholarship and Higher Education for Accreditation: Dame Katherine Noble
Underminister of Scholarship and Higher Education for Grants and Studies: Sir Louis Pope
Underminister of Scholarship and Higher Education for Students' Affairs: Dame Jill Grimm
Underminister of Scholarship and Higher Education for the Promotion of Knowledge: The Honorable Lord Robert Walls

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Universities and Educational Institutions

Silar maintains a strong and complex system of institutions of higher learning. There are both public and private institutes established throughout Silar though all are responsible to meet accreditation requirements from the Ministry and must participate in BDOP as a part of the accreditation.
University: Universities are the most numerous institution in Silar and include both standard universities as well as Royal Universities. All these, to be accredited as universities, must provide full programs in both the arts/humanities as well as the sciences (though they do not necessarily have to provide specialized fields like Sacred Theology, Medicine, or Law) and, in addition, must have an active research program in both science and humanities. Royal Universities are those either established by the central government or who have been granted that honor. There are only ten Royal Universities currently.

Silaran academia at universities usually follows a similar system though it is not required by the Ministry. Every university is made up of self-governing colleges. A university usually has somewhere between 5-20 colleges but some larger ones can have as many as 40 or even 50. While a decent number of courses are offered by the university's universal faculty, the colleges provide for many of the specialized classes needed for degrees and they maintain fellows and lecturers who form the backbone of tutorial system common in Silar. In addition to classes and tutoring, the colleges provide a strong community for the student. Each college meets in full twice a day, for dinner and for chapter, and the college works to bind the students together. Most colleges also field intermural sports teams.

College: A college, outside of the understanding in the context of a university, is an institute that, while accredited by the Ministry, does not meet the requirements for a university in that it either does not offer full programs or does not have an active research program.

Institutes: An institute is the final form of academic institution. These are institutions which provide full programs, usually including research, in a single area of study.

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Academic Dress

Academic dress is universal to Silar and occurs in three degrees: standard, red letter, and solemn. Standard dress is required to be worn during all classes and formal academic occasions.

Standard Dress: Standard dress is based on a black robe with two bands on the sleeve of the academic's disciplinary color as well as a biretta. In addition, a hood is added with the receipt of a Master's and a stole with that of a doctorate with the hood's lining and the stole's color being of the disciplinary color. Doctors also wear a four-peaked biretta as opposed to the usual three-peaked form and an academic ring.

Red Letter Dress: The more solemnized form of standard dress is red letter dress which is worn in place of standard on special days called "red letter days." Red letter dress is distinguished in that it includes silk and ermine trim.

Solemn Dress: Solemn dress is the most formal incarnation of academic dress and appears only during major academic ceremonies such as graduations and conventions. In solemn dress, a mozzetta is of black with buttons and trim of the disciplinary color is added to the standard dress of doctors and members of the faculty. In addition, special regalia such as academic maces, medals, medallions, etc. are added where applicable.

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Degrees

Institutions accredited by the Ministry offer a variety of degrees on a standardized system.

Bachelors: The first degree offered is a Bachelors. The Bachelors degree is considered the level of specialized education required for an individual to operate on the basic level of a discipline. Under BDOP, every Silaran citizen under 25 with a high school diploma is assured the free opportunity to pursue a program of study to obtain a Bachelors degree. BDOP will be revoked if a student voluntarily drops out, is dismissed from their program due to unsatisfactory academics, fails to meet the standard academic requirements for BDOP (maintaining a 2.8 average), or is expelled or subjected to disciplinary procedures which remove BDOP.
Degrees offered (with postnomials): Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), Bachelor of Sciences (B.S.), Bachelor of Philosophy (B.Ph.), Bachelor of Sacred Theology (S.T.B.), Bachelor of Laws (B.LL.), Bachelor of Medicine (B.M.), Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.), Bachelor of Letters (B.Litt.)

Masters: Masters' degrees represent the knowledge an individual needs to enter academia in a discipline or be seen as above the average in the work force of that discipline. A thesis is required for the grant of the degree. Researchers and scholars at all accredited institutions in Silar are required to have a Masters' in their discipline. Some higher level work force occupations like that of physician, surgeon, or barrister require a Masters' degree, making it the highest "occupational" degree having occupation outside academia.
Degrees offered (with postnomials): Master of Arts (M.A.), Master of Sciences (M.S.), Master of Laws (M.LL.), Master of Philosophy (M.Ph.), Master's of Sacred Theology (M.S.T.), Master of Medicine (M.M.), Master of Engineering (M.Eng.), Master of Letters (M.Litt.)

Licentiate: Licentiate degrees represent the knowledge an individual requires to teach a subject at the university level. This degree is strictly academic in nature an all those who professionally teach at state accredited institutions, whether as teaching fellows or professors must have a licentiate in their discipline.
Degrees offered (with postnomials): Licentiate in Arts (A.L.), Licentiate in Sciences (S.L.), Licentiate of Laws (LL.L.), Licentiate of Philosophy (Ph.L.), Licentiate of Sacred Theology (S.T.L.), Licentiate of Medicine (M.L.), Licentiate of Engineering (Eng.D.), Licentiate of Letters (Litt.L.)

Doctorate: Doctorates are the highest degrees granted in a discipline and are representative of the knowledge a learned scholar of a discipline would have. Possession of a doctorate means that a person not only can instruct on a subject, but create new knowledge in that discipline and coordinate the activities of other academics. All chaired professors must have a doctorate in their discipline and most lesser professors do as well. Professors are all afforded the title "Doctor" and the honorific "Your Worship." As a rule, doctors exist in purely academic atmospheres with the exception of doctors of law who are often tapped for judicial position.
Degrees offered (with postnomials): Doctorate of Arts (A.D.), Doctorate of Sciences (S.D.), Doctorate of Laws (LL.D.), Doctorate of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Doctorate of Sacred Theology (S.T.D.), Doctorate of Medicine (M.D.), Doctorate of Engineering (Eng.D.), Doctorate of Letters (Litt.D.)

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Disciplines

There are eight separate disciplines studied in Silaran academia. Each includes a collection of subordinate fields. They are listed below with their disciplinary colors as appear on academic dress.

Arts (yellow): Arts is the study of artistic humanities. It includes music, visual arts, writing, journalism, acting/dance, architecture, and speaking

Sciences (dark blue): Sciences is the field of the natural sciences as well as a few other fields traditionally included. It includes biology, physics, chemistry, non-medical psychology, business/commerce, computer science, and forestry.

Philosophy (light blue): Philosophy is the study of philosophical science. It also includes non-Catholic and Orthodox theology, whether that be non-Christian or Protestant.

Sacred Theology (violet): Sacred Theology is the study of the sacred sciences. Only Catholic and Orthodox theology is accredited by the state as "Sacred Theology"

Laws (red): Laws is the study of law. It includes jurisprudence, civil law, criminal law, canon law, applied law (legal aide work), and comparative law.

Medicine (dark green): Medicine is considered the study of the medical sciences. It includes medicine, nursing, pharmacology, and medical psychology/psychiatry

Engineering (orange): Engineering is the study of engineering. It includes material engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and civil engineering

Letters (white): Letters is the study of "scholarly" sciences. It includes literature, history, mathematics, political science, economics, and linguistics.

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Faculties

Faculties are divided into three categories: Chaired Professorships, Lesser Professorships, and non-tenure track faculty. All Chaired Professors have academic tenure and occupy an established academic chair. Academic chairs may only have a single occupant and are considered filled till their occupant dies or resigns their chair. Chaired professors are permitted to hire non-tenure faculty to work for them and may contract lesser professors as well. The only Lesser Professor with tenure is the full professor. Assistant professors do not have tenure and must be attached to a chaired professor. Non-tenure faculty include fellows (either teaching or research) and lecturers who work in research or teaching. Non-tenure faculty and lesser professors are found at universities as well as institutes and colleges which chaired professors are only present at universities.

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The Ministry of War

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The Ministry of War is a ministry of the Royal Chancery which concerns itself with national defense and the management of the military and military policy. It is headed by the Minister of War who is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the Lord Chancellor on behalf of His Royal and Serene Majesty.

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Members
Minister of War: Lord Franz McEller
Deputy Minister of War: Sir William Bafton
Chief of Staff of the Silaran Military Forces: First Lord Admiral Sir Allan Lyford, RSN, KGCP
First Lord Admiral: First Lord Admiral Sir Allan Lyford, RSN, KGCP
Marshal of Silar: Marshal of Silar Sir Nathan Remplington, RSA, KP
High Air Marshal: High Air Marshal Sir Ronald Quinn, RSAF, KP
Underminister of War for Homeland Security: Sir Alfred Teller
Underminister of War for Personnel and Vetrans: Dame Katy Williams
Underminister of War for Military Research and Aquisitions: Dr. Sir Liam Leonhardy
Underminister of War for International Affairs: General Sir Luke Nombard, RSA retired
Underminister of War for Domestic Affairs: General Dame Kali Yeoman, RSA retired
Underminister of War for Military Justice: The Honorable Lord Jackson Veat

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The Royal Silaran Army
The Royal Silaran Army is responsible for land-based military operations. It came into being with the unification of the military forces of the Sovereignities after the unification of Silar. Highly cultural in nature, it is organized into a combination of landed and independant regiments tied to local lords as well as members of the Royal Family. The RSA is primarily responsible for national defense as well as for domestic humanitarian and service mission including search-and-rescure and disaster relief. In addition, the RSA is dispatched around the world on humanitarian and peacekeeping missions

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The Royal Silaran Navy
Silar's most active branch, the Royal Silaran Navy is responsible for naval military operations. The RSN is involved in variety of mission beneath its title, with a hand in everything from national security and international peacekeeping and military presence to diplomatic security, peacekeeping missions, international and domestic disaster relief, and humanitarian work, the RSN divides its forces between expeditionary and domestic fleets. The RSN maintains an active coast guard service in its ranks as well as a small force of marines in cooperation with select units of the RSA.

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The Royal Silaran Air Force
Silar's smallest branch, the Royal Silaran Air Force is responsible for air based operations. Given that the naval air service of the RSN provides much of the combat based air and is more mobile due to the presence of aircraft carriers, the RSAF is primarily responsible for military logistic operations though it also maintains Silar's domestic air security. The RSAF forms the backbone of Silar's military supply chain.

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Reserved --- Ministry of Health and Public Safety

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Reserved --- Ministry of the Interior

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Reserved --- The Ministry of Charity

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The Royal Court of Silar

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The Royal Court of Silar is a body of royal officials and ministers who perform duties directly in service of the function of the Monarch and for the Royal Family as a whole. The Court assists in the general execution of royal duties and serves as the official seat from which the Monarch exercises his authority.

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The Lord Chamberlain of the Realm
Incumbent: His Grace Duke William Rollen, Duke of Mapleburough
Serving at the pleasure of the Monarch, the Lord Chamberlain of the Realm oversees the day-to-day activities of the Royal Court as its head. In day-to-day life, he also organizes all formal court ceremonies. Notably, the Lord Chamberlain, together with the Lord Prior Regent, is responsible for drawing up the bill of interregnum upon the death or resignation of the Monarch. He also is the official responsible for making official decelrations for the Court including announcing the death or resignation of the Monarch.

The Lord Steward of the Realm
Incumbent: His Grace Duke Roger Noble, Duke of Camen City
The Lord Steward of the Realm is the official liaison between the Court and Monarch and the High Parliament. He regularly observes meetings of the High Parliament and makes known to it the Monarch's opinions on bills currently put forth. He has the right, when in his official capacity, to sit on all sessions of Parliament and to speak at said sessions as any member would though he lacks a vote. He ceremonially delivers documents between the Court and Parliament, announces the King when he enters the Court, swears in all new members of Parliament, and manages all visits of the Monarch to Parliament.

The Lord Prior Regent
Incumbent: His Excellency Lord Adam Den
Head of the College of Lords Regent, holds elections for the new Monarch and serves as interim Monarch during said elections.

The Lord Chancellor
Incumbent: The Rt. Hon. Thomas Call
See here

The Lord Secretary of the Court
Incumbent: The Most Honorable Lord Warren Bollent, Marquess
The Lord Secretary of the Court coordinates all written records and communications for the Court, manages the Court Archive, oversees the Esquires Notary, and is the official press secretary of the Court, managing access of the press to the Court and making news releases.

The Lord Burser of the Court
Incumbent: The Most Honorable Lady Lisa Nolan, Marchioness
The Lord Burser of the Court is responsible for managing the finances of the Court. He drafts the Court budget, allocates funds to court members as needed, and prepares and presents the official tax report of the High Commonwealth to the Court every year.

The Lord Herald of the Realm
Incumbent: Lord Benjamin For
The Lord Herald manages all the Royal Heraldry as well as grant and enforcement of grants of arms throughout Silar. In day-to-day life, he announces guests to the Court while they are in session and announces the official presence of the Monarch when he makes formal visits.

The Rector of the Royal Chapel
Incumbent: His Most Reverend Eminence Gregory Cardinal Recker, O.S.B.
Deputy Rector: The Reverend Monsignor John Warr
The Rector of the Royal Chapel, also known as the "Royal Chaplain", is a cleric responsible for the spiritual care of the entire Court. The Patriarch of Silar is ex officio the Rector though he normally appoints a deputy to fulfill his duties on a day-to-day basis (the Deputy Rector).

The Poet Laureate of Silar
Incumbent: Dame Antionette Picard, CLC
The Poet Laureate of Silar is responsible for the promotion of the arts, espcially literature and poetry, in the Court and in Silar as a whole. Though the position has no official term, a new Poet Laureate is commonly appointed every couple years. It is a great honor to be appointed to the position and its incumbents are drawn from Silar's collection of the best poets and authors.

The Sergeant-at-Arms of the Mace
Incumbent: Sir Roderick van Faal, KP
The Sergeant-at-Arms of Mace is the officer ceremonially charged with the security of the Court. He escorts persons in and out of the Court and escorts the Monarch when he makes formal and ceremonial visits. He carries a mace for which he is named.

The Marshals and Lord Admirals of Silar
Incumbents: TBA
The Marshals and Lord Admirals of Silar, the highest military officers in the land, are members of the Royal Court. They serve as official military advisors to the Court and the Monarch and officially exercise the Court's authority over the armed forces.

His Royal and Serene Majesty's Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps
Incumbent: Sir Matthew Richford, KT
The Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps forms he liaison between the Royal Court and the Diplomatic Corps, the body of foreign diplomats in Silar. He arranges for the presentation of letters of credence and for the appearances of ambassadors before the Court.

The Corps Plenipotentiary
Incumbents: See here
The Corps Plenipotentary are all ambassadors and other diplomats that represent the Monarch abroad.

His Royal and Serene Majesty's Curators
Incumbents: TBA
The Curators oversee and care for Crown properties. They are the equivalent of the CEO of companies owned by the crown.

The Esquires of Court
The Esquires of the Court are the body of individuals who serve the court and the Monarch. There are three bodies of Esquires: Esquires Server, Esquires Notary, and Esquires Supernumerary. The Esquires Server are the largest body and there is not number cap on them. They are the servants who care for the needs of the Court on a daily basis. The Esquires Notary are the smallest body, limited to 20. They serve to record and notarize all records and documents of the Court. At every official session of the Court, at least one Esquire Notary must be present. Finally, the Esquires Supernumerary are a group given the title of 'esquire' and membership in the Court honorarily.

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The Household of His Royal and Serene Majesty the King of Silar

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The Household of His Royal and Serene Majesty the King of Silar is a body of royal officials, ministers, and servants who perform duties directly for the Monarch of Silar and the Queen Consort. They care for the personal needs of the Monarch and Queen Consortand tend to the day to day matters that concern them.

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The Monarch of Silar

The Monarchy of Silar is a constitutionally established and limited monarchy whose membership is elected by the College of Lords Regent upon the death or resignation of the Monarch. The members of the newly elected monarch's family are granted royal title and status which they retain for all their lives. The Monarch retains the power of veto and to issue writs of law. These writs, however, may not levy tax or establish new criminal law and may not circumvent or override established law. Most writs are ceremonial grants of title and nobility and are meant only to take "real" legal action where emergency requires it. Use of these writs for other purpose may cause them to be overturned by a court.

The Monarchy was established in 1608 AD as a result of an alliance of necessity of the three feudal powes of Silar. The elected character of the monarchy arose as a result of the dispute over which monarchical family would rule the unified nation. The fact the Monarch was elected allowed each of these major lordly families to maintain their individual regional powers beneath a neutral, common ruler. The Family of the Monarch is raised to toyal status and put into the House Regalis.

While the "privy" possessions of the Monarch is passed from blood heir to blood heir, the "Royal" or "Crown" possessions are passed to each new Monarch. Currently, the Royal Possessions of the Throne of Silar include several corporations, the Crown Jewels, Royal Palaces and Residences, the entire collection housed in the Library of the High Palace, and billions of dollars invested in various banks, trusts, and investments. The current estimate of the assets invested in the Royal Possessions is about 1,489,453,500,000 Silaran Crowns ($705 billion USD). There are no current estimates of the Privy Possessions of King Pius Alartho and his family. The official residence of the Monarch is the High Palace in Silar Demesne which also serves as the seat of the government and the primary meeting house of High Parliament. The following are also official residences of the Silaran Monarch:
1. Maris Stella Palace, Camen City, Angle, Silar (Official Residence)
2. Celeste Palace, Norse, Nore, Silar (Official Residence)
3. Endenburh Palace, Frankelton, Wenten, Silar (Official Residence)
4. Silvan Palace, Woodwich, Wenten, Silar (Private Residence)
5. Nemen House, Mapleburough, Wenten, Silar (A Privy Property of P. Alartho)
6. Fallhaven House, Fallhaven, Nore, Silar (Private Residence)
7. Edward House (Private Residence)
Official Residences are the official seats of the Monarch's authority in the individual Sovereignities and are occupied on a rotating schedule by the Monarch. Each includes a throne room and other areas open to the public, including museums and sometimes government offices. Private residences are meant as private retreats for the Monarch and his family. They are, as a rule, not open to the public. Edward House's location is also not disclosed to the public to preserve it as a special place of peace for the Monarch as well as the Lord Chancellor. Nemen House was the private residence of King Pius prior to his ascension to the Monarchy and has been retained as a Privy Property of his family.

King Pius Alartho



His Royal and Serene Majesty Pius Alartho, By God's Grace, High King of Silar and its High Commonwealth, Defender and Protector of the Holy and Catholic Faith

Pius Alartho (born Luther Alartho on January 3, 1948 in Mapleburough, Wenten, Silar) is the constitutional monarch of the High Commonwealth of Silar and Protector of the Autonomous Monastic Community of Mount Saint Benedict. He was elected to the Silaran Monarchy on August 5, 2007 and was crowned on August 8th of the same year.

Pius Alartho's career has included many other milestones than the Monarchy. He served in the Royal Silaran Navy, rising to the rank of Captain. He also holds a doctorate of Laws from the then University of St. Thomas Aquinas (now the 'Royal University of St. Thomas Aquinas) as well as a Bachelor of Sacred Theology, a Bachelor of Laws, and a Master of Laws from the same institution. He served as a judicial auditor, Promoter of Justice, as well as a Judge, and eventually Chief Justice, of the Upper Court of the Justiciary of Wenten as well as a tenure as a High Justice for the High Justiciary of the Throne.

He is currently in the 5th year of his reign. He is married to Her Serene Majesty, Lily Alartho, Queen Consort. They have 3 sons: Princes Eric (35 years), Thomas (27 years), and Albert (24 years); and 2 daughters: Princesses Mary (40 years) and Carrie (24 years). He has one brother, Duke Fredrick Alartho (58 years).

Early Life

Luther Alartho was born on January 3, 1948 in family home in Mapleburough to Albert and Emily Alartho. Albert Alartho was a wealthy businessman, the heir to the Alartho corporate dynasty which administrated Silar's largest mining and forestry cooperation, Sila Natural Resources. The Alartho's were a conservative Anglican family and raised their sons, Luther and later Fredrick, in that tradition.

The young Luther was educated at the Woodwich Lutheran Academy, a distinguished Lutheran boarding school in Woodwich, Wenten. He graduated with his high school diploma in 1966. His father had, through his own connections, arranged for Luther to attend business school at the Royal University of Silar in Silar Demesne. However, Luther had other plans. Unbeknownst to his father, the youth had met begun studying theology using Woodwich Academy's impressive library as a resource. Luther, in the midst of his studies, had converted to Catholicism (entered the Catholic Church on November 3rd, 1965). Letters between Luther and his father show a great family distaste for what Albert had described as a "despicably popish idea, one which shall surely end in the diabolical" and demanded his son renounce his faith. Luther, however, refused and became estranged from his father. He chose to attend the University of St. Thomas Aquinas, a college in Camen City, Angle which was administrated by the local Province of Dominican Friars on a scholarship provided by the order.

Education and Naval Career

While at St. Thomas, Luther changed his name to 'Pius,' forever breaking ties with his father. He studied for two degrees at the time, one in theology and one in law, and soon befriended one his professors, a Father John Carrel, O.P., who encouraged him to consider a religious vocation. In 1966, towards the end of his freshman year, he announced his intent to enter the Dominican Order. This was, however, short lived as he soon met the young Lily Pen, the woman he would eventually wed. After consulting with Fr. Carrel, his application to the Dominicans was dropped and he and Lily began to date. Also, to finance schooling, Pius joined St. Thomas Aquinas' Naval Midshipmen's Corps, a new program intended to recruit college students for service in the Silaran Navy. In the Spring on 1970, Pius Alartho was awarded two degrees: A Bachelors in Sacred Theology and Laws from the University of Saint Thomas and was granted a commission in the Silaran Navy, receiving the rank of Subaltern. He wed Lily a years later on May 2nd, 1971. They had their first daughter, Mary Alartho the following year (born September 16th, 1972).

Subaltern Alartho's first assignment was on the RSS Eagle, a frigate, as a supply officer. After four years of service, the then-Commandant Alartho was assigned as the Executive Officer the RSS Rook, a frigate stationed off Silar's Central Sea coast with a port-of-call of Camen City. The RSS Rook was one of the ships involved in the Carrier Group 5 crisis of 1974. During the crisis, in which a nuclear missile submarine (RSS St. George) in Carrier Group 5, of which the RSS Rook was a member, was commandeered by the rebel group The Revolution's Hand. Following the RSS St. George's hijacking, the other 10 ships in the task force, including the RSS Rook, were systematically held captive as the nation was held at the figurative gunpoint of the RSS St. George's ballistic missiles. It was in this crisis that Commandant Alartho showed his value, successfully retaking the RSS Rook and, through a combination of military strikes and negotiation, was able to lead the recovery of the
entire Carrier Group.

Commandant Alartho returned to Silar a hero, receiving the Silar Cross, the Silar military's highest honor, and being named to the Order of King Georges Alban. Commandant Alartho was promoted to Captain and was being slated to be put on track for an Admirality. However, this would change when Captain Alartho met Judge Anthony More, the Presiding Judge of Wenten's Justiciary Upper Court. Judge More offered Alartho a position in the Justiciary as a Judicial Auditor, a lawyer responsible for representing the interests of a judge and performing independant investigation and presenting independent evidence for the judge overseeing a trial. Judge More, a wealthy gentleman, offered to pay for Captain Alartho to complete his education and earn not only a Master's in Law, but a full doctorate if he desired it. Alartho, eager to get out of the Navy life, accepted. He retired his commission and was honorably discharged from the Royal Silaran Navy in 1975.

Law Career and Lord Regency

Sir Alartho returned to the University of St. Thomas Aquinas to attend their law school where his old mentor, Fr. Carrel, was now rector. He studied for another four years, being awarded his Master's of Laws in 1977 and Doctorate of Laws in 1979. He moved to his native Mapleburough where Judge More was judge the same year. He worked as the Judicial Auditor for 2 years and Promoter of Justice for another 3. In 1984, he was named to the Bench for the Wenten Justiciary's Upper Court where he served for 10 years before being named to the High Justiciary's Upper Court in 1994. His career in the High Justiciary was long and the man was highly respected in government, even being considered for the position of Lord Chancellor in 2000 though he was eventually turned down, instead being named a Lord Regent that year and granted the title of "Count." He was elected Lord Prior Regent in 2006. As Lord Prior Regent, he oversaw the government after the death of Queen Lucy Commonton, January 3rd, 2007. The interregnum lasted almost 3 months, one of the longest in Silaran modern history. However, after much debate and hundreds of ballots, two-thirds of the Lords Regent-Electors voted that Judge Alartho ascend to the Throne on August 5. He accepted, resigning his judicial career and was crowned August 8 by Cardinal-Patriarch Gregory Recker in the Cathedral-Basilica of St. Benedict.

Reign

Pius Alartho has been considered a rather popular King over the 5 years of his reign. Though he has taken several controversial stances in defense of Church-supporting government policies, including direct combat of a measure that would amend the Royal Charter to allow the taxation of the Church, he is seen as equitable and fair, well informed by his years as a member of the judiciary.

King Alartho's reign has been marked by an expansion of both the military, especially the Navy, and higher education systems as well as an expansion of Silar's diplomatic and international relations. He has named 10 Royal Universities, most notably his Alma Mater, the University of St. Thomas Aquinas, and commissioned 5 new naval vessels as well as ordered an update of the navy's fleet.

Personal Life

The father of five, Pius Alartho strictly maintains an active private life out of the public eye. While he makes a point of be available to the government and public, he and his family make extensive use of their private residences, especially Nemen House where the family had lived for many years.

Pius Alartho is an outdoorsman, unsurprising for his upbringing in rural Wenten. He enjoys hiking, camping, fly fishing, and the occasional bird hunt. He and his sons make a camping and fishing trip in Wenten every fall.

Retaining his conversion, Pius is a devout Catholic of the Silaran rite. He retains his old mentor, Fr. Carrel, as a private confessor and chaplain who often travels with the family to provide them with daily Masses and spiritual care. Pius is also good friends with Cardinal Recker, who often accompanies the Monarch on his state visits and enjoys a position as one of the Throne's closest advisers.





Lily Pen Alartho
Queen Consort of the High Commonwealth of Silar
August 8, 2007 - Present
Born: September 4, 1948 (Aged 64 years)
Spouse: King Pius Alartho (m. 1971)
Children:
Princess Mary (1972- )
Prince Eric (1977- )
Prince Thomas (1980- )
Princess Carrie (1982- )
Prince Albert (1990- )
Religion: Silaran Rite Catholic

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His Royal and Serene Majesty's Privy Chamberlain and Master of the Household
Incumbent: Sir Norton Hillhouse, KT
Serving at the pleasure of the Monarch, the Privy Chamberlain and Master of the Household is the Household's chief of staff. He is responsible for the day to day business of the Household and also certifies the death of the Monarch.

His Royal and Serene Majesty's Privy Secretary
Incumbent: Dame Catherine a Will
The Privy Secretary performs secretarial and administrative duties for the Royal and organizes the official schedule of the Royal. They also maintain the Royal's personal library and archives. They are also responsible for liaisoning with the press in regards to the affairs of the Royal.

His Royal and Serene Majesty's Privy Burser
Incumbent: Dame Jillian Highlan
The Privy Burser oversees the financial concerns of the Household.

His Royal and Serene Majesty's Privy Counsel
Incumbent: Sir Thomas Right, KJ
The Privy Counsel attends to the legal concerns of the Household and is the official attorney of the Royal. In addition, HR&SM's Privy Counsel oversees the body of HR&SM's Counsels who are lawyers given the honor by grant of the Monarch. Most of these have few real duties, though they may be called to serve the Privy Counsel.

His Royal and Serene Majesty's Privy Herald and Bearer of the Armor and Banner
Incumbent: The Honorable Lord Jack Lillton
The Privy Herald and Bearer of the Armor and Banner sees to the personal heraldry and genealogical concerns of the Royal. They also announce the Royal on official visits when the Lord Herald does not hold the right or is not exercising it.

His Royal and Serene Majesty's Rectory of the Privy chapel
Incumbent: The Reverend Father John Carrel, O.P.
The Rector of the Privy Chapel, or the Privy Chaplain, sees to the spiritual care of the Royal and is their confessor and spiritual director.

The Master of His Royal and Serene Majesty's Privy Wardrobe
Incumbent: Sir Boris White
The Master of His Royal and Serene Majesty's Privy Wardrobe watches over the jewelry, clothing, and other personal effects of the Monarch and attends to the purchase and care of the Monarch's wardrobe.

The Mistress of Her Serene Majesty's Privy Wardrobe
Incumbent: Dame Lucy High
The Mistress of Her Serene Majesty's Privy Wardrobe watches over the jewelry, clothing, and other personal effects of the Queen Consort and attends to the purchase and care of the Queen Consort's wardrobe.

His Royal and Serene Majesty's Privy Apothecary and Surgeon
Incumbent: Sir George Varnum
HR&SM's Privy Apothecary and Surgeon sees to the personal health of the Monarch and Queen Consort and contracts specialist physicians to see to special medical needs. He is also involved in the certification of the Monarch's death.

The Artists, Poets, and Scholars of His Royal and Serene Majesty's Household
These honorary members of the Household are those who the Royal wishes to specially honor achievement in artistic field. Often, the honor is returned with a commission by the honored artist. Tutors to the children of Royals are traditionally given the title of Scholar of the Household.

His Royal and Serene Majesty's Privy Curators
These persons care for larges pieces of personal property such as estates, companies, etc., belonging to the Royal.

His Royal and Serene Majesty's Gentlemen-at-arms
Those Court Guards assigned to the personal protection of the Royal.

His Royal and Serene Majesty's Aides-de-Camp
The Aides-de-Camp are the military advisors of the Household as well as the officers charged with managing the military affairs of a Royal.

The Gentlemen and Ladies of His Royal and Serene Majesty's Household
An honorary title, these men and women are the close friends of the Monarch and Queen Consort.

His Royal and Serene Majesty's Privy Esquires
The Privy Esquires are the personal servants of the Household as well as official couriers.

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The Household of Her Majesty the Princess of Silar Demesne

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The Household of Her Majesty the Princess of Silar Demesne is the body of royal officials, ministers, and servants who perform duties directly for the Princess of Silar Demesne and the Prince Consort. They care for the personal needs of the Princess and tend to day to day matters that concern her.

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Mary Alartho Magnus
Princess of Silar Demesne
August 8, 2007 - Present
Born: September 16, 1972 (40 years)
Spouse: Prince Consort George Magnus (m. 1992)
Children:
Duchess Mary (1992- ) (Conceived prior to marriage)
Duke Pius (1995- )
Religion: Silaran Rite Catholic

Princess Mary is an academic, researcher, and philanthropist. She currently holds a doctorate of sciences in biology from the Royal University of Silar where she is a Chaired Professor.

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The Household of His Majesty the Prince of Camen City

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The Household of His Majesty the Prince of Comen City is the body of royal officials, ministers, and servants who perform duties directly for the Prince of Camen City and the Princess Consort. They care for the personal needs of the Prince and tend to day to day matters that concern him.

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Sebastian Eric Alartho
Prince of Camen City
August 8, 2007 - Present
Born: January 3, 1977 (Aged 35 years)
Spouse: Princess Consort Emily Alartho (m. 1999)
Children:
Duchess Rosemary (2000- )
Religion: Silaran Rite Catholic

Prince Sebastian is a Captain in the Royal Silaran Navy and commanding officer of the RSS Rook, his father's old ship. He currently holds a Bachelors of Science in Naval Science from the Royal Silaran Naval Academy.

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The Household of His Majesty the Prince of Norse

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The Household of His Majesty the Prince of Norse is the body of royal officials, ministers, and servants who perform duties directly for the Prince of Norse and the Princess Consort. They care for the personal needs of the Prince and tend to day to day matters that concern him.

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Thomas Benedict Alartho
Prince of Norse
August 8, 2007 - Present
Born: May 9, 1980 (Aged 27 years)
Spouse: Princess Consort Amanda Alartho (m. 2010)
Children: None
Religion: Silaran Rite Catholic

Prince Thomas is a lawyer, working as a barrister in the office of the Prosecutor's office of Mapleburough, Wenten. He has a Master of Laws from the Royal University of St. Thomas.

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The Household of Her Majesty the Princess of Mapleburough

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The Household of Her Majesty the Princess of Mapleburough is the body of royal officials, ministers, and servants who perform duties directly for the Princess of Mapleburough. They care for the personal needs of the Princess and tend to day to day matters that concern her.

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Carrie Therese Alartho
Princess of Mapleburough
August 8, 2007 - Present
Born: August 27, 1982 (Aged 24 years, fraternal twin of Prince Albert)
Spouse: None
Children: None
Religion: Silaran Rite Catholic

Princess Carrie is a graduate student at the Royal University of Silar. She holds a Bachelors in Medicine and is studying for a Masters of Medicine. While she is not "officially" dating anyone, she has been spotted on a few occasions with Lord Allan Daulton, the heir to the Marquess of Hightown, who is studying for a Masters of Letters in Literature at the Royal University of Silar as well.

[Silar]

The Household of His Majesty the Prince of Westmount

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The Household of His Majesty the Prince of Westmount is the body of royal officials, ministers, and servants who perform duties directly for the Prince of Westmount. They care for the personal needs of the Prince and tend to day to day matters that concern him.

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Albert Francis Alartho
Prince of Westmount
August 8, 2007 - Present
Born: August 27, 1982 (Aged 24 years, fraternal twin of Princess Carrie)
Spouse: None
Children: None
Religion: Silaran Rite Catholic

Prince Albert is a graduate student at the Royal University of St. Thomas Aquinas. Currently holding a Bachelors in Sacred Theology, he is currently studying for his Masters of Sacred Theology as well as pursuing studies for a Bachelors of Philosophy. He is currently in no relationships.

[Silar]

The College of Lords Regent

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The College of Lords Regent is the official ruling body of the High Commonwealth of Silar beneath the King. It is composed of 500 individuals considered by the King to be "ruling Lords" within the High Commonwealth and its membership is mostly appointed by him. The College's purpose is to act as an advisory body to the Monarchy and Parliament as well as elect the Monarch in the case of his death or resignation. Lords Regent hold political, economic, and social influence and are selected from Silar's elite.

The Lords Regent are in four co-equal classes: Lords Official, Lords Spiritual, Lords Sovereign, and Lords Royal. The Lords Official are individuals who are ex officio Lords Regent. They are the smallest group, composed of the three heads of state of the Sovereignities and the two First Ministers of High Parliament.

The Lords Spiritual are similar to Lords Official in that they are ex officio members. The Lords Spiritual are the 120 bishops and archbishops of the Silaran Catholic Patriarchal Church serving in Silaran dioceses and archdioceses including the Patriarch of Silar.

The Lords Sovereign are numbered 150 and are appointed by the Sovereignities, 50 to each Sovereignity to fill in whatever method the Sovereignities see fit. Angle and Wenten fill them by appointment of their legislatures and heads of state while Nore fills them by popular election and appointment of the legislature.

Finally, the Lords Royal are the last 225 seats of the College and are filled directly by appointment of the Monarch.

Any Lord Regent may be impeached by the College and their seat is vacated either to be filled or left empty.

The College elects its chairman and leader, the Lord Prior Regent, who holds the place primus inter pares in the College. He may call the College into session at any time and serves as interim Monarch during the period of interregnum and is responsible for calling the College together to elect the new Monarch.

The current Lord Prior Regent is His Excellent Grace Adam Dent, Duke of Frankelton, Lord Prior Regent

[Silar]

The High Parliament of the High Commonwealth of Silar

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The High Parliament of the High Commonwealth of Silar commonly known as the Silaran Parliament is the supreme legislative body in silar located in Silar Demesne, Silar. It is unicameral, all its members belonging to the same deliberative body. At its head are the First Ministers one of which holds the place of President of the Parliament and the other of Vice President.

All members, called Speakers of High Parliament or more informally Parliamentarians or Speakers are democratically elected every three years. Half the Speakers are chosen by direct election in their constituency while the other hald are chosen by their party according to an at large proportional allocation in each Sovereignity.

Powers and Jurisdiction
The High Parliament of Silar holds absolute legislative power in Silar though is customarily limited. Usually, the Sovereignity legislatures and government may only pass laws relating to domestic matters of their Sovereignity as well as matters of general local interest. These include provincial officers, some educational norms, municipal and local government, charitable institutions, laws regarding businesses and corporations within the Sovereignity, local environmental matters, local taxation, and other matters of pure local and private nature. The High Parliament, on the other hand, concerns itself with matters of the entire nation and that span multiple Sovereignities. High Parliament along can pass laws regarding the postal service, census, military (save some matters allowed for the local governments), navigation and shipping, currency, weights and measures, copyrights and patents, naturalization and citizenship, and other matters of national importance. However, High Parliament, if it chooses, may make laws regarding local matters or overturn the local laws.

Only High Parliament may pass criminal law as criminal judgment is soley passed by Royal courts. In addition, only High Parliament may establish and govern courts of law and may overturn the judgements of courts not relating to judicial review save those issued by the High Justiciary of the Throne. Laws passed by the High Parliament may be ruled illicit and this overturned by Justiciaries, usually the High Justiciary.

Customs and convention dictates that High Parliament refrain from legislating on devolved matters and keep their business to reserved matters unless they first seek the permission of the Sovereignity's government or of the Monarch.

Officers
High Parliament is presided over by the President of the High Parliament who is ex officio the First Minister of the Governance. There are two First Ministers, the First Minister of the Governance and the First Minister of the Dissent. These are chosen in a closed meeting before the convention of Parliament by the Governance and the Dissent. The First Minister of the Dissent is ex officio the Vice President of the High Parliament.

The President presides over sessions of High Parliament and, in addition to the vote he holds as a Speaker, holds an extra vote to break ties. The President is in charge of enforcing all rules, of maintaining order and civility in the Parliament, of moderating debates, and rules on points of order. The Vice President serves in the absence of the President and assists the President in setting an agenda. The President and Vice President must agree on an agenda.

In addition to their roles as President and Vice President, the First Ministers hold other duties. Firstly, they are the leaders of the Governance and Dissent and of their parties. Secondly, they organize the business of the Governance and Dissent and allocate their candidates for the Lord Chancellorship for the Monarch.

There are several non-member officers. They are the Sergeant-at-arms of the High Parliament, the Lord Steward, the Clerk of the High Parliament, and the Chaplain of the High Parliament. The Sergeant-at-arms, who is appointed by the President, is the chief law enforcement officer in the parliament chamber and executes the orders of the President to maintain order and security. The Lord Steward, appointed by the Monarch, is a member of the Royal Court who represents the Monarch to the High Parliament. The Lord Steward may attend all sessions and may speak in all debates but has no vote. The Clerk, elected by the High Parliament, organizes the Parliamentary Pages, manages the official record, records votes, and sees to the day-to-day administration of the Parliament. Finally, the Chaplian, elected by the High Parliament, provides spiritual care for the body and delivers prayers and blessings at the beginning and end of each day.

Proceedings and Procedures
High Parliament sits every week it is in session, Tuesday-Friday. The legislative year begins every 2nd of January and customarily ends on the Roman Catholic Solemnity of Christ the King (usually at the end of November or beginning of December) for the Christmas Recess. There is commonly several week to two-week recesses in the months between May and September. Every week has at least one plenary meeting in the central chamber, usually taking place all day Wednesday with committee meetings occuring all other days (and a short, full meeting in the morning). Unless the Parliament or a committee has moved into closed session, all committee and plenary meetings are available to the public free of charge.

The Parliament convenes jointly every day before either moving to a plenary meeting or breaking into committees. During the morning meeting, bills may be introduced. A bill may either be presented by the Governance (called 'Governance Bills'), Dissent ('Dissent Bills'), or by a private member ('Private Bills'). A Governance or Dissent Bill must be signed by the appropriate First Minister and presented by him or his delegate. These bills require no sponsors. Private Bills are submitted by a private Speaker and must be signed by them. At least two other Speakers must sponsor the bill as well, their signatures appearing beside the submitting member. All bills are placed on the desk of the Clerk who, having confirmed it is properly sponsored and filed, assigns it a legislative number and enrolls a copy in the records of the parliament before submitting a copy to the President. The President announces all bills received at the morning session in the order they were received. Upon announcement, the bill's long and short titles, number, and abstract are read. The second reading of the bill occurs at the next plenary meeting. Therein, the bill's title, long title, and abstract are read and a debate then occurs. The debate may last for as long as one hour before it is terminated and the bill is sent to committee. During this point, a member may move to dismiss the bill on grounds of illegality and if there is debate, the matter is turned to the Judiciary Committee for resolution. The bill is debated in committee and necessary revisions are made until a 2/3 majority can be obtained in which the committee either dismisses the bill or returns it to the floor with comments. Once the bill comes to the floor, it receives a reading of its full text and the chairman of the committee or his delegate may make his comments on the bill. A debate is held after this in which there are no filibuster rules and unlimited speaking time (cloture may be used to terminate debate). Once the debate is concluded, a role-call vote on the matter is held.

A passed bill is then turned over to the Monarch who may either promulgate the bill by reading it officially before the Lords Regent or by simply signing it, he may simply allow its passage by taking no action for 10 days after which the law goes into effect. If the Monarch vetoes the legislation it is returned with comments to the Parliament who must then repass it with a 2/3 majority to override the veto and send the law into immediate effect. Any bill passed by a 2/3 majority may not be vetoed though the Monarch may still choose to promulgate it.

Committees

Committees play a major role in Parliament as they are responsible for dealing with legislation at its early stages and preparing it for presentation on the floor. They allow bills to be reviewed in detail and for problematic areas to be altered before they are considered by the entirety of the Speakers.

Each party's membership is appointed by the First Minister of the Governance with the requirement that every member must serve on at least 3 committees and that First Minister of the Dissent may veto up to half of the appointments made. The First Minister of the Governance may appoint the chairmen of each committee (with the requirement that at least 1/4 of the chairmen be from the Dissent) and decides which committee each bill is referred to.

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Current Status

The High Parliament is IN SESSION
For broadcasts and news, tune into SPAN.

First Minister of the Governance/President of High Parliament:
His Grace Sir Alban More of the Monarchist Party

First Minister of the Dissent/Vice President of High Parliament:
Her Grace Dame Alice Cramer of the Sovereign Party

Seats:
Monarchist: 270 seats (45%)
Conservative: 122 (20%)
Liberal: 120 (20%)
Sovereign: 50 (8%)
Burgher: 18 (3%)
Green: 18 (3%)
Communist: 2 (0.3%)


Governance: 392 seats (65%)
Monarchist
Conservative
First Minister: Sir Alban More


Dissent: 188 seats (31%)
Liberal
Sovereign
Green
First Minister: Dame Alice Cramer

[Silar]

The Grand Duchy of Angle

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The Grand Duchy of Angle is one of the three Sovereignities of Silar located in the south of the nation and dominating Silar's coast with the Middle Sea. It is lead by its constitutional devolved Monarch His Graceful Highness Grand Duke Guillaume Roialban and by its head of government The Most Honorable Prime Minister John Riker, MP. Its capital is Camen City located on the coast and to the southeast of Silar Demesne.

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Geography and Climate

Angle is located in the southern part of Silar, occupying the majority of its coast with the Middle Sea. It also includes the large isle of Brittol, located in the Middle Sea southeast of Camen City. It has a Mediteranean climate, having warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. The geography is mostly flat and coastal though the northern regions become hilly and eventually evolve into the southern-most part of the Sila Mountain range at its border with Silar Demesne.

Mainland Angle is highly urbanized with its metropoliton center in Camen City, the capital. Camen City is the largest city in Silar and is one of the nation's largest ports. The wealth brought in by the business brought to Angle by its trade opportunity have allowed the region the cities to expand considerably. The southern coastal region is occupied almost completely by cities with increasing rural territory to the north.

the Isle of Brittol is largely unurbanized and is home to a volcanic mounatin spine down its center which has been preserved nationally as a wilderness area. The coastal areas of the Isle, especially on the northern coast, however, have several large cities. The largest being Brittolton.

The Grand Duchy is divided into four administrative provincces, three on the mainland and one occupying the totality of Brittol.

People and Culture

The people of Angle, called Anglans, are a traditionally aristocratic and cosmopolitan people, inspired by their long history of trade, culture, and wealth. Anglans are notoriously proud and stereotypically see themselves as superior to the people of the other Sovereignities. Most Anglans live in the upper-middle to high class and enjoy a lot of high luxury.

Angle is also the most modern of the Sovereignities, though it still retains its old monarchistic and noble dignity, the Grand Duchy has run headlong into the future. Angle's major industry is business, especially in the financial sector, though it hosts the headquarters and executives of many of Silar's national and multinational corporations. A technology sector is rapidly growing in Angle as well.

Anglan culture is dominated by a sense of high life and culture. Shopping, parties, and nightlife dominate the popular culture as to the daily lives of the Sovereignity's celebrities. Traditionally, Angle has joined the rest of Silar in its distinguished, victorian-esque high ideal but has slowly been moving away from it with nightclubs beginning to pop up in its larger cities and electronic and other more modern styles of music quickly becoming popular.

Traditionally and contemporarily, the Anglan nobility plays a central role in Anglan culture with the personalities of the local aristocracy, especially the more ancient families and the family of the Grand Duke, overshadowing musical and movie personalities as in celebrity culture.

Anglan cuisine echoes Italian and Spanish styles as well as the Grand Duchy's powerful connection to the world at large and the sea. Seafood, especially oceanic fishes, clams, mussels, and shrimp play a mjor role in Anglan cuisine otherwise nonexistant in that of the remainder of Silar. Saffron is a major spice as is chili powder.

Government and Politics

Angle is ruled by a devolved bicameral Parliament composed of the Senate and the House of Lords. The House of Lords is purely ceremonial and has been stripped of all powers while the Senate acts as the sole legislative body in the devolved government. The Prime Minister and government are chosen according to the Westminster system from the Senate.

The ceremonial head of state is the Grand Duke who is a constitutional monarch chosen according to equal-sex primogeniture the only disqualifying aspect not being Catholic which did disqualify the current Grand Duke's older brother, Jean, who had converted to Anglicism to wed an Anglican wife.

Anglan politics lean liberal and the leading party has consistently been the Liberal Party of Silar though the Monarchist Party followed close behind in the last election and has been steadily gaining ground over the last few Parliamentary cycles.

[Silar]

The Serene Republic of Norse

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The Serene Republic of Angle is one of the three Sovereignities of Silar located in the northeast of the nation. It is lead by its elected head of state Her Serenity Consul Lisa Kallin and by its head of government The Most Honorable Premier Nolan James. Its capital is Norse located in the east on the banks of the Swiften River.

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Geography and Climate

Norse is located in the northeastern part of the nation and has mild, wet summers, and harsh wet winters. The Republic is mountainous to the west, where the eastern branch of the Sila Mountains is, and settles into a temperate to cool rainforest to the east.

The area is moderately urbanized, with most of its cities centered around the capital of Norse. Mining is a major industry as the western regions are especially rich in silver ore as well as other semiprecious minerals.

The Serene Republic is divided into twelve provinces with small legislative councils leading each one.

People and Culture

The people of Nore, called Norans, are a traditionally fiery, almost militaristic people. They, like their Anglan neighbors to the south, are notoriously proud and carry on a long military tradition which once made them major contendors against the Anglans before the unification of Silar. They are mostly middle-class with some upper-class in the cities and many lower-class peoples in the rural areas.

The culture of Nore is shaped powerfully by the area's democratic past. Long ago, the Norans overturned their monarchy in favor of an elected government based very loosely off Roman styles of governance. They are traditionally broken into the noble and lesser classes though the tradition of generally more political rights for lower classes has lead to a more classless cultural style with less honors given to nobility than in the other Sovereignities.

Noran cuisine is less flavorful than that of the other Sovereignities and focuses on dried meats and other preserved forms of food given the periodic traditional need of the Norans to prepare for the harsh winter. Spices aside from salt, which is painfully common, are largely non-existent and food traditionally focuses on sustenance rather than flavor.

Government and Politics

Angle is ruled jointly by its head of state, who is elected by the people every four years, and by its head of government who is elected by the unicameral Noran Senate. the Senate is the sole legislative body and is composed of 10 representatives elected at large from each Province, numbering in total as 120 senators. The senators elect the head of government, the Premier.

The head of state, the Consul, is elected by the people every four years. The Consul may veto legislation and also appoints the membership of the lower local governments. There are no disqualifying conditions and any citizen who has obtained their majority may run for the office.

Noran politics traditionally lean conservative, the Conservative Party dominating the Senate and Monarchists being sent commonly to the High Parliament of Silar. However, there are some strong leftist factions who have managed to elect substantial socialist members to the Senate as well as send the only Communist Speakers to High Parliament.

[Silar]

RESERVED --- Principality of Wenten