Passed General Assembly resolutions

[Imperium Anglorum]

Statistical Data Practice
A resolution to restrict political freedoms in the interest of law and order.

Category: Political Stability
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Noting the frequent need for the WA and WA states to collect statistical data ("data") for analysis and as part of a decision-making process;

Desiring the assurance that such data collection is subject to rigorous professional standards;

The WA hereby enacts as follows:

1. Definitions.
   
   1. "Agency" means one (or more) entities in charge of statistical practice (defined below) on behalf of a WA state and/or on behalf of a WA organ, including WA organs conducting statistical practice themselves.
   2. "Practitioner" means any individual involved in statistical practice.
   3. "Statistical practice" means the practice of statistical sciences for and on behalf of an agency, including (but not limited to) survey design, methodology, sampling, survey field work, data collection, analysis, and presentation.
   4. "Survey" means both sampling (such as stratified sampling) as well as a survey of all members of a population (such as a census).
   5. "WA organs" means any of the sub-committees of the WA.
2. Scope of regulation.
   
   1. The standards for statistical practice set forth in clauses (3) to (6) apply to any data collected by a WA state and/or WA organs for official statistics purposes; and apply to any data for regulatory approvals by a WA state or WA organ, or for compliance with any WA resolutions.
   2. The WA reserves the right to impose additional rules on statistical practice at its discretion.
   3. This resolution does not regulate how an agency of a WA state is organized, whether it is a public or private body, and whether multiple agencies are employed for different political subdivisions or functions of a WA state.
3. Establishment of PDAA.
   
   1. The "Principal Directorate for Administrative Affairs" (PDAA) is hereby established as an organ of the WA.
   2. PDAA is funded by the WA General Fund.
4. Integrity. Each WA organ and each WA state must ensure that, at all times, all of its agencies and their practitioners must:
   
   1. remain impartial and independent from political interference;
   2. employ practitioners deemed qualified and competent by that agency;
   3. treat all participants in a survey (whether paid or unpaid) with dignity and respect.
5. Standards of practitioners. Each WA organ and each WA state must ensure that, at all times, all of its agencies and their practitioners must base their practice on:
   
   1. scientifically valid methodologies on all matters of statistical practice, including setting all parameters to a survey prior to the start of a survey;
   2. transparent, informed and prudent decision-making;
   3. completing all work to the best of their capabilities and available resources.
6. Publications. Subject to relevant laws and extant resolutions (such as on matters concerning national security and privacy of personal data):
   
   1. All WA organs and all WA states are required to ensure that all of their official statistics be made public free-of-charge, and available through convenient physical and/or electronic means.
   2. All such publications must include all underlying methodologies, assumptions, and raw data for verification and re-testing of hypotheses by third parties.
7. Role. The PDAA is responsible for:
   
   1. Provide updated best practice guidelines in statistical practice to agencies;
   2. Reviews and inspections from time to time regarding the implementation of statistical practice by agencies;
   3. Conduct additional forensic testing, such as stochasticity testing, if suspicions arise as to the quality of any data submitted and/or published;
   4. Provide accreditation (if required) of practitioners and continuous professional training of practitioners (if required);
   5. Provide up-to-date guidance to WA organs and agencies from WA states on statistics software, such as bleeding edge linear regression and modeling tools.
8. Delegation.
   
   1. A WA state may request PDAA to act as its agency on its behalf.
   2. PDAA will only accept such a request if it determines that a WA state (i) lacks a functioning government or (ii) lacks the resources necessary to maintain such infrastructure.

Votes For: 8 788 (67.7%)
Votes Against: 4 202 (32.3%)

Implemented Sat 23 Mar 2024

[GA 720 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Education and Availability of Basic Medical Devices
A resolution to modify universal standards of healthcare.

Category: Health
Area of Effect: Healthcare
Proposed by: Walfo

Text: The World Assembly,

Concerned that no resolution to ensure that the provision of basic medical devices outside of medical centers exists,

Finding that the general public can provide critical medical assistance in emergencies before the arrival of first responders when they have access to emergency equipment and proper training,

Seeking to set standards for the availability of basic medical devices and the education of the public on the methods necessary to operate basic medical devices and perform basic life support maneuvers,

Hereby,

1. Defines for the purpose of this resolution:

1. Basic Medical Devices as:
   
   1. AED (automated external defibrillator) devices,
   2. First Aid kits as devices equipped with the necessary supplies, not including medication, to:
      
      1. Preserve life when a medical emergency occurs,
      2. Prevent the worsening of a medical emergency,
      3. Aid the recovery of a victim, and
      4. Instruct a user how to use the equipment;
   3. Opiate overdose prevention kits equipped with tools and medications to:
      
      1. Preserve life when an opiate overdose emergency occurs,
      2. Prevent the worsening of an opiate overdose emergency,
      3. Aid the recovery of a victim,
      4. Block the effects of opioids, and
      5. Instruct a user how to use the equipment;
2. Basic life support maneuvers as:
   
   1. CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation), and
   2. Abdominal thrust maneuvers;
3. Public Spaces as buildings and areas that are:
   
   1. Utilized for exercise or sport,
   2. Highly trafficked or used spaces that are notably larger than what a typical residential (single-family homes) or small commercial space (small retail shops and restaurants) can accommodate,
   3. Workspaces or schools, and
   4. Any WA and member state government buildings;
4. Victim as a person who has had a medical emergency that requires the usage of a basic medical device or basic life support maneuvers;

2. Requires that member states place basic medical devices in public spaces;

3. Additionally requires that those basic medical devices are:

1. Placed in public spaces in a number determined by:
   
   1. The size of the public space, and
   2. The probability of the devices being used more regularly;
2. Clearly visible to persons within the space by utilizing:
   
   1. High visibility material,
   2. Signs, and
   3. Placement at a height that the majority of the population can reach;
3. Accessible to any person at any time without unnecessary burden,
4. Equipped with systems that prevent the device from being activated for non-medical scenarios,
5. Inspected a minimum of once a month for maintenance problems or missing parts, and
6. Kept clean and sanitized at all times;

4. Mandates that member states prescribe a curriculum for their students, in a manner appropriate to said students' age, with an understanding of the following to the point that students can perform life-saving measures themselves:

1. How to properly operate basic medical devices and their contents,
2. The general location of basic medical devices, and
3. Generally how to perform basic life support maneuvers effectively and safely;

5. Instructs the World Assembly General Fund to assist member states who cannot afford the purchasing, installation within public spaces, and maintenance of basic medical devices through subsidization, which cannot be used by a member state for any purpose other than funding the acquisition, installation, or maintenance of basic medical devices; nor may any member state attempt to circumvent this requirement through the diversion of existing funds that would otherwise be used to acquire, install, or maintain basic medical devices;

6. Tasks the WHA (World Heath Authority) with approving all requests for such subsidization, where on the balance of probabilities, the risk of serious injury and harm to persons would, if not for such subsidization, be more likely than not in the case of a medical emergency; and

7. Additionally tasks the WHA with advising member states with institutionally improving their medical device and pharmaceutical industries, so that nations may be less vulnerable to supply-chain disruptions for critical medical supplies.

Votes For: 11 034 (89.9%)
Votes Against: 1 233 (10.1%)

Implemented Wed 27 Mar 2024

[GA 721 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Airline Safety and Comfort Disclosures
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Transportation
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Noting that air travel is crucial to many WA states;

Believing that travelers deserve to be fully informed on aircraft safety and comfort to make better decisions, such as whether offers of cheap fares should be weighed against exorbitant charges for toilets;

The WA hereby enacts as follows:

1. Definitions.
   
   1. "Aircraft" means any airplane, helicopter, or similar objects defined as such by the International Aero-Space Administration (IASA).
   2. "Airport" means commercial airports, aerodromes, heliports and similar facilities.
   3. "Carrier" means the operator of a regulated flight (defined below). This includes the operator as well as any lessors, charterers, and owners of the aircraft.
   4. "Flag state" means the WA state to which the aircraft is registered.
   5. "WA organs" means any of the committees of the WA.
2. Scope. Clauses (3) to (7) apply to “regulated flights” only. “Regulated flight” is defined as any flight by an aircraft that means all of the following criteria:
   
   1. It is operated for purely civilian purposes, excluding any humanitarian transport and also excludes any flights travelling under the flag of WA organs;
   2. It is operating a regularly timetabled route that involves embarking or disembarking at an airport under the jurisdiction of a WA state; and
   3. It is operated for profit (or for the benefit of the carrier). This includes flights such as those exchanged using loyalty programs, or such as those transferring employees between work sites, and flights operated by a government (or a government-owned entity) for the benefit of its inhabitants, even if such flights are free-of-charge.
3. Methods of disclosure. All disclosures under clauses (4) to (7) must be:
   
   1. specific to each regulated flight and to the particular aircraft used;
   2. up-to-date at all times;
   3. available through convenient physical and electronic means;
   4. available free-of-charge;
   5. available in all languages customarily used in WA states served by that regulated flight.
4. Non-WA flag states. If a regulated flight plans to travel through international or non-WA airspace, the carrier must also disclose and inform passengers of any major differences, versus the WA state to/from the airport the flight serves, in:
   
   1. laws where relevant, such as rights to sapient individuals, and penalties for criminal offenses committed in flight;
   2. the customary cultural, religious, and other practices of the flag state;
   3. Terms used and definitions, especially terms which may differ in meaning between states, such as if "in-flight meals" refer to "passengers getting served food" or "passengers getting served as food".
5. Aircraft safety. Each carrier is to disclose full records regarding:
   
   1. The type, specifications, and maintenance records of that particular aircraft, including the engines and other key parts used in that aircraft;
   2. The experience and training of all officers serving on that flight, on an anonymous basis;
   3. Compliance with all applicable regulations and directives;
   4. Specifications on fixtures and fittings, such as seat pitch.
6. Aircraft service and comfort. Each carrier is to disclose full details regarding:
   
   1. Goods and services provided on board and the prices charged;
   2. Options for in-flight meals, including whether such meals comply with various dietary restrictions, and whether such foods involve ingredients derived from cannibalism;
   3. Boarding, seating and baggage arrangements;
   4. Regular and planned alternative travel routes of the flight, and punctuality records;
   5. Policies for passengers' behavior;
   6. Policies on flight delays, cancellations, overbookings, and forced deplaning of passengers;
   7. Policies for passengers with special needs.
7. Refunds and rebookings.
   
   1. If a carrier needs to change the type of aircraft on a regulated flight prior to boarding, or make major changes to the levels of safety and service offered, it must offer a full refund or free rebooking of that portion of the journey to any passengers that do not desire such changes, regardless of whether the passenger paid for the trip.
   2. A carrier must offer reasonable assistance in rebookings and arranging for alternatives, regardless of whether the passenger paid for the trip.
8. Jurisdiction.
   
   1. The IASA is to develop model disclosure guidelines for authorities that wish to adopt uniform standards of disclosures.
   2. Each WA state shall designate at least one entity to be responsible for enforcement and interpretation of this resolution, depending on the governance structure of that state.

Votes For: 7 933 (60.1%)
Votes Against: 5 261 (39.9%)

Implemented Sun 31 Mar 2024

[GA 722 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Client Money Segregation for Brokers
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Consumer Protection
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Noting the protection accorded to bank depositors under GAR 625 through the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF);

Noting that the same treatment is not accorded to money held by clients in their securities broker accounts, and seeking to rectify this deficiency;

The WA hereby enacts as follows:

1. Definitions.
   
   1. "Authority" means a government entity designated by a WA state to enforce and interpret this resolution.
   2. "Bank" means, for convenience, banks plus similar institutions such as credit unions.
   3. "Broker" means any entity duly authorized by a WA state to trade financial instruments on behalf of a client.
   4. "Client" means a customer of a broker.
   5. "Client money" means money held or received for a client by a broker as part of the ordinary course of business of that broker, such as the proceeds from a trade in a financial instrument, excluding "encumbered money".
   6. "Encumbered money" means money held in encumbered accounts opened by a client and used as collateral for loans from a broker.
   7. "Own account money" means the capital of the broker, regardless of whether such capital is tiered, such as bonds or common stock.
2. Segregation of client money.
   
   1. A broker has fiduciary duty to a client and to client money. This includes mitigating counterparty risk on client money.
   2. Client money must be segregated at all times from own account money.
   3. Commingling client money with own account money shall be a criminal offence in all WA states.
3. Client account.
   
   1. A broker must set up at least one bank account to hold client money ("client money account") which is segregated from own account money.
   2. A client money account, even if it is opened in the name of the broker, must be clearly acknowledged by the bank where the account is opened as an account for client money.
   3. The said bank account must be eligible for deposit insurance in accordance with the laws of that WA state or extant WA resolutions.
   4. Money belonging to one client can only be aggregated with money belonging to other clients with the explicit written consent of the said client.
   5. Interest earned on deposits held in a client money account belongs to the client.
   6. Client money can only be held in a bank affiliated to the broker with the explicit written consent of the client.
4. Aggregation by size.
   
   1. A client may request, and the broker must arrange, for that client's funds to be held in a bank account under the name of that client, and not be aggregated with money belonging to another client.
   2. This set up must be adopted if it results in increased deposit insurance coverage for the client.
   3. The protection of client money under clause 3 of this resolution still applies to such accounts.
5. Tripartite access.
   
   1. Any tripartite agreements concerning client accounts shall be regulated by the authority.
   2. If a broker defaults, all clients shall have the absolute right to directly access the funds held in client accounts without the intervention of the broker.
   3. Any administrators appointed to govern the affairs of a broker in default shall have a duty to facilitate such access.
6. Direct deposit insurance.
   
   1. A broker may arrange to directly insure deposits held on its accounts with a deposit insurer in the state, subject to that state's laws, the discretion of the authority (as well as any authority governing deposit insurance schemes), and extant WA resolutions, provided the broker is regulated for such matters as if it is regulated as any other institution insured by the deposit insurer.
   2. The protection of client money under clause 3 of this resolution still applies to such accounts.
7. Encumbered cash.
   
   1. Each broker must maintain separate accounts for encumbered money versus client money for the same client.
   2. If a client borrows money from a broker, they must be warned in writing in advance that such funds are not deemed client money and that the client's claim on the money may be subordinated if the broker defaults. Such warnings shall also be repeating on each drawdown.
   3. If a client has excess cash in an encumbered money account not used as collateral, a broker must regularly sweep any money from an encumbered account to a client money account.
8. Jurisdiction.
   
   1. Each WA state may designate one or more entities as the authority depending on the governance structure of that state. Terms not defined herein shall be defined by the said authority.
   2. Clause 2(c) (and any penalties for violations) shall be subject to due process and to the legal process of that WA state.

Votes For: 8 236 (69.5%)
Votes Against: 3 613 (30.5%)

Implemented Mon 8 Apr 2024

[GA 723 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Pre-Packaged Food Labels
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Consumer Protection
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Noting the frequent trade in pre-packaged food products between WA states;

Believing that consumers would be better informed to make decisions on their own well-being if labels on products from different WA states are reasonably standardized to ease comparison, and contain pertinent information for the consumer;

The WA hereby enacts as follows:

1. Definitions.
   
   1. "Authority" means one or more government entities (at the national or sub-national levels) designated by a WA state to be in charge of formulating, enforcing and interpreting the regulations.
   2. "Food" means anything farmed, grown, or developed for consumption by sapient individuals.
   3. "Regulations" means all standards and requirements for templates and labelling for products according to clauses (2) to (4).
   4. "Product" means any pre-packaged food.
2. Templates.
   
   1. Each authority is to set forth templates for labels set out in clause 4.
   2. All products imported into, distributed in, or sold in a WA state (say "state A") must carry labels set out in clause 4, providing an accurate profile of the contents of that particular product, using the templates developed by state A's authority for state A.
3. Customized labels.
   
   1. All labels are to be customized for the sapient inhabitants of that WA state.
   2. Additional standards shall be set if needed for inhabitants in different stages of their life cycles, such as infants, or if a WA state is inhabited by multiple sapient species.
   3. Each authority may require products made, distributed, or sold in that WA state carry such additional labels as it deems necessary.
   4. All labels must be prominently displayed on (or affixed to) the packaging of the product. If detailed disclosures are required, an electronic link (provided internet service is broadly available in that WA state) displayed on the packaging is acceptable.
4. Types of labels required.
   
   1. Additives labels must include all pertinent information on any additives deliberately added to the product, such as for technology, sensory, production, or other reasons.
   2. Allergies labels must include all pertinent information on any ingredients that the authority deems likely to trigger adverse reactions, such as milk and nuts, and whether the facilities that make that product also process ingredients that may trigger such reactions.
   3. Cannibalism labels must warn targeted consumers if the product involves cannibalism, such as products made for humans that include human placenta.
   4. Ingredients labels must include all pertinent information on the main ingredients of that product.
   5. Nutrient labels must provide pertinent analysis of the nutrition of the product tailored for the targeted consumer, such as energy values, proteins, vitamins, fats, and minerals.
   6. Storage labels must provide instructions on proper storage of the product (both before and after opening), taking into account the technological sophistication of the WA state and other local conditions such as weather.
   7. Technology labels must include all pertinent information on any processing technologies used in making the product, such as irradiation, dry salting, or reconstitution.
   8. Warning labels must include all pertinent information on any ingredients that the authority deems to be harmful to the targeted consumer.
5. Compliance.
   
   1. Each authority is responsible for enforcing its own regulations in its own jurisdiction, including ensuring that the labels are not materially false or deceptive through such means, such as random tests and verification from time to time, as it deems necessary.
   2. For example, if a WA state (“state A”) imports its products from another state ("state B"), state A’s authority is responsible for ensuring that such products comply with the regulations of state A.
   3. The distributors and sellers of products in WA states are jointly and severally liable on ensuring that all products sold or distributed in a WA state are in compliance with that state's regulations.
6. Database. Each WA state is to:
   
   1. collate all templates for all labels issued by the authorities in that state in an up-to-date database, including any imports from other states;
   2. ensure that the database is accessible free of charge through convenient means.

Votes For: 8 213 (70.5%)
Votes Against: 3 430 (29.5%)

Implemented Sat 27 Apr 2024

[GA 724 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Reducing Bycatch
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: Fishing
Proposed by: Bisofeyri World Assembly Mission

Text: The World Assembly,

Pleased with previous resolutions regulating the fishing industry from undue environmental impact, including GA 199 "Sustainable Fishing Act",

Aware, however, of the harmful impact of bycatch on both consumers and marine wildlife, which extends beyond the scope of GA 199, including the seep into areas such as public health and safety, consumer knowledge, and ensuring that nations maintain knowledge of what their fisheries are catching beyond their intended product,

Believing that, because overfishing and bycatch does not stay within any specific border, the World Assembly ought to negate these impacts to the best of its ability,

Hereby,

1. Defines "bycatch" as the unintentional capture of non-target marine creatures during fishing activities aimed at specific target species, that is not followed by the return of the creature to its ecological habitat intact and without being maimed or killed in the process;
   
   
2. Mandates that each member nation shall perform impartial research on the various species of marine life and marine ecologies within and surrounding their jurisdictions, especially as it relates to rates of bycatch and maximum bycatch permissible without causing negative impacts in the areas of environmental stability, public health, and any other relevant aspects;
   
   
3. Mandates that each member nation shall institute regulations on the maximum allowable bycatch based on the research outlined in clause two, and ensure that no entity within their jurisdiction shall exceed these regulations;
   
   
4. Mandates that packages of processed seafood within member nations have the projected amount of bycatch included in the product as a result of their specific fishing practices and the location in which they fish;
   
   
5. Prohibits member-nations or entities therein from engaging in the import or purchase of seafood or other ocean-based products from nations, corporations, or other entities which have not established or do not enforce scientifically-informed bycatch limits, consistent with the mandates surrounding clauses two, three, and four;
   
   
6. Mandates that nations release national and local data from within its jurisdiction surrounding bycatch and the rates thereof to the World Assembly Science Programe, who shall then make that information public;
   
   
7. Encourages member nations to invest in research into bycatch-prevention devices, gear, and techniques, and to share these technological innovations and information with any member nations which may find a use for them.

Votes For: 7 726 (63.9%)
Votes Against: 4 357 (36.1%)

Implemented Wed 1 May 2024

[GA 725 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Ban on Juvenile Life Sentences Without Parole
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Imperium Anglorum

Text: The World Assembly finds as follows:

It is unnecessarily cruel for member nations to sentence children to life imprisonment without parole.

1. Children have undeveloped brains which are not yet capable of adequately comprehending the long term effects of their actions, they cannot internalise the extremely long-term impacts of crime.
   
   
2. Children are capable of reforming with the right support, a fact which life imprisonment without parole implicitly denies.
   
   
3. It is broadly unjust to imprison people who have genuinely repented for their crimes and are extremely unlikely to commit them again.

The option of parole ought to be open to child offenders which meet such criteria.

The provision in section 4 of GA 299 "Legal Competence" which allows member nations to "set reasonable thresholds of maturity [or] mental capability for people to hold any other rights or responsibilities within their jurisdictions" does not contradict this proposal. It is not a right or responsibility to be subject to life imprisonment without parole; it would be the opposite of a right and, because being so subject would be a thing done to a person rather than something that person must do, not a responsibility.

Now, therefore, be it enacted as follows:

1. In this resolution, the term "life sentence" refers both to prison sentences issued for the period of a person's life as well as prison sentences issued, in total or otherwise, for a period equal to or exceeding the expected natural life of that person.
   
   
2. No member nation may sentence a person to a life sentence without parole, or possibility thereof, for crimes committed while that person is under the age of majority.
   
   
3. All sentences contravening this resolution, including those given prior to this resolution's enactment that would have been prohibited had this resolution been in force, must be commuted forthwith under procedures not inconsistent with World Assembly law.

Votes For: 9 044 (72.1%)
Votes Against: 3 495 (27.9%)

Implemented Mon 13 May 2024

[GA 726 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Fair Work Visas Act
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Labour Rights
Proposed by: Imperium Anglorum

Text: The World Assembly,

Believing that restrictions which tie work visas to the consent of a worker's current employer serve a profoundly anti-competitive effect by tying workers to the grace of their supervisors and

Concerned of the effect, both for domestic and foreign workers, this has on the ability for member nations to enforce workplace safety when possible whistleblowers are so dependent on their employers for legal status, therefore enacts as follows:

1. A "covered worker" is a worker in a member nation who is legally present and permitted to be employed due to a work visa.
   
   
2. Covered workers must be permitted to change employment and employers or otherwise leave that member nation, without regard to the approval of a current or previous employer.
   
   
3. No work visa may be revoked because a covered worker has a frictional break in employment. A break in employment is frictional when it is shorter than or equal to the time it would take a similarly situated native worker to find new and comparable employment in the same industry.

Votes For: 8 923 (70.8%)
Votes Against: 3 677 (29.2%)

Implemented Fri 17 May 2024

[GA 727 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Right of Emigration"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #279
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Description: General Assembly Resolution #279 "Right of Emigration" (Category: Civil Rights, Strength: Significant) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly (WA),

Affirming that it is a fundamental right for individuals to freely exit from a nation without hinderance;

Noting that the target resolution allows individuals to be prevented from leaving a WA state, subject to certain conditions, but these conditions contain several loopholes that can be exploited by others to deliberately impede someone from leaving a WA state, such as:

1. Exemption “b” permitting anyone “undergoing legal proceedings” to be prevented from leaving a WA state fails to:
   
   1. distinguish between civil and criminal proceedings, nor the parties involved;
   2. consider the severity of any legal proceedings, or whether they are frivolous in nature;
2. Exemption “d” for probable cause to commit a crime does not account for the scenario of certain actions by an individual being a crime in one WA states but not another, and require a more nuanced solution that accounts for, for example, the severity of the crime or any appeals;

Horrified that as a result of these loopholes, well-resourced malicious actors, government-affiliated or otherwise, can effectively prevent anyone from leaving a country through vexatious litigation, or a potential emigrant can be beholden to an inefficient court system or entangled in endless legal proceedings due to engaging in a profession that is prone to civil litigation;

Looking forward to the WA passing future resolutions that affirm the right to exit a WA state without the said flaws;

Hereby repeals the target resolution, Right of Emigration.

Votes For: 8 630 (73.1%)
Votes Against: 3 182 (26.9%)

Implemented Tue 21 May 2024

[GA 728 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Reef Preservation and Restoration
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: Fishing
Proposed by: Bisofeyri World Assembly Mission

Text: The World Assembly,

Cognizant of the rich biodiversity that resides within reefs and related ecosystems,

Believing that the efforts to preserve and restore such biodiversity falls firmly within the World Assembly's jurisdiction, and indeed duty in order to create a more beautiful world,

Lauding previous efforts from member nations to preserve these unique environments, and hoping to bolster these previous protections with further international regulations and requirements,

Hereby,

1. Requires all member nations to designate reefs as protected marine ecosystems, and prohibits fishing, anchoring, diving, and other related activities that is reliant on the exploitation of the habitat and the biodiversity thereof, unless those activities are noninvasive to the point of minimal ecological impact without compromising the integrity of the reef structure, habitat, or biodiversity;
2. Requires all member nations to regularly monitor the health of the reefs within their territories, including information concerning the biodiversity of the habitat, condition of the reef structure, and local and surrounding water quality, among other relevant factors;
3. Forbids agricultural runoff, sewage discharge, plastic waste, and other pollutants harmful to reef ecosystem from being discharged into reefs or the waters surrounding reefs, except in cases where (a) the environmental impact of such pollutant discharge would be so minimized such that there are no discernible consequences, or (b) the economic impact would negatively impact the surrounding communities to such an extent that it would be difficult to otherwise recover, and the environmental impact is minimized to the greatest extent possible before incurring this economic impact;
4. For reefs that fall under the jurisdictions of multiple nations, requires any World Assembly nations involved to attempt to cooperate in good-faith to protect the reefs in all nations in which it falls under, and find mutual regulations to promote the preservation of said reefs;
5. Requires nations to promote the restoration of damaged reefs or sections of reefs within their jurisdiction, through actions such as:
   
   1. Funding or incentivizing the repair of previously damaged reefs, via proven techniques including coral gardening, micro-fragmentation, assisted evolution, and other techniques as deemed relevant or as discovered;
   2. Actively researching and developing new methods to restore reefs and make them more resilient to harmful conditions;
   3. Propagating coral species that are more resilient to bleaching and other stressors;
   4. Sharing innovations in the area of reef restoration with other member nations, for them to put towards the provisions put forward in this resolution and other further restrictions surrounding reef health;
   5. Funding or incentivizing reef construction in the same or new locations to replace previously destroyed reefs of similar composition and ecological value;
6. Encourages collaboration with local communities surrounding reef ecosystems, bringing them into the fold in specific decisions and policies related to reef preservation and restoration;
7. Requires for member nations to submit biennial reports on the status of reef health, as well as status of current preservation and restoration efforts to the Waterbody Health and Mitigation Management Organization, who shall evaluate these reports, give suggestions where necessary and, in the case of inconsistency, trigger an investigation and take appropriate legal action through the proper avenues as set out by the World Assembly.
8. Requires member nations to impose trade sanctions on any non-member nation whose actions, whether or not they would violate this resolution if that nation were in the World Assembly, would pollute a member nation to the point of bringing them into violation of this resolution, and these trade sanctions much have sufficient economic force to (a) have the target discontinue or minimize the relevant actions such that the pollution they are causing in the member-nation returns to legal levels, or (b) create proper punitive measures for the actions taken.

Votes For: 9 555 (79.4%)
Votes Against: 2 482 (20.6%)

Implemented Sat 25 May 2024

[GA 729 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Unscrupulous Debt Collection Practices
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Consumer Protection
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Noting the WA’s desire to protect the rights of borrowers, such as via GARs 476, 515, and 623;

Anxious that legitimate enforcement of overdue debts is not overshadowed by obnoxious behaviour by debt collectors;

The WA hereby enacts as follows:

1. Definitions.
   
   1. "Associate" means an immediate member of the family of, or anyone who resides in the same address as, the debtor, guarantor or guardian (defined below).
   2. "Creditor" means who owns the debt due from a debtor (defined below), such as a bank.
   3. "Debtor" means anyone owing debts to a creditor and who is under the jurisdiction of a WA state.
2. Debt collector.
   
   1. A debt collector ("collector") means any entity who endeavours to enforce overdue debts on behalf of a creditor. This includes relevant employees, contractors or agents ("personnel") of that entity engaging in such endeavours.
   2. This definition excludes anyone acting as an attorney for a debtor or a law enforcement officer.
   3. This resolution covers all debt collectors enforcing debts legally recognised as valid by a WA state, regardless of whether the creditor is from a WA state.
3. Authorisation.
   
   1. Anyone who wants to conduct business as a collector must be duly authorised by a WA state (or by its sub-national authorities).
   2. A WA state shall promulgate standards for competence, professionalism and skills for a collector.
   3. A collector must maintain professional indemnity insurance deemed adequate by a WA state.
   4. This clause (3) covers the entity acting as a collector, including sole proprietorships as well as any personnel as defined in clause (2)(a).
   5. A collector needs to be separately authorised to work in each WA state (or in each sub-national division) and to comply separately with the provisions of this clause (3).
   6. Each WA state shall maintain a database of authorised collectors for verification. The said database shall be publicly available through convenient means.
4. Behaviour. Collectors are banned from using the following means to enforce overdue debts, subject to standards set by each WA state and due process of law:
   
   1. take vastly disproportionate action against a debtor relative to the debts outstanding;
   2. harass or threaten the debtor or associates of a debtor, with demands for payment through such means which are likely to subject the said individuals to deep anxiety, distress, or humiliation;
   3. misrepresent themselves to be authorised in some government or WA capacity to claim or enforce payment;
   4. attempt to enforce debts that are known to the collector to be (i) not (or no longer) legally valid, or (ii) not yet overdue.
5. Associates. For the purpose of debt collection, a collector may not contact:
   
   1. Anyone that agreed to act merely as a referee for the debtor.
   2. Anyone that is an associate of the debtor except to try to establish contact with the debtor.
   3. Anyone who is merely acquainted with the debtor, such as neighbours.
   4. An employer of the debtor (or any other known income source of the debtor) unless (i) the other parties can act as a garnishee according to local laws, and (ii) the debt collector has obtained all legal permission for garnishment.
6. Recovery.
   
   1. A collector may not enforce a debt if the creditor's own expected recovery is less than the estimated cost of enforcement.
   2. A collector may not attempt to enforce debts against anyone after such debts are discharged, such as via bankruptcy.
7. Guarantors.
   
   1. A collector may only attempt to recover debts from a guarantor of a debt only if it has exhausted all available means of collecting the debt from the debtor, unless the guarantor has explicitly consented to acting as a primary obligor and not merely as a surety.
   2. The protections under clauses (4) and (5) also applies to a guarantor or their associates.
8. Legal competence.
   
   1. If a debtor is deemed legally incompetent after drawing down the loan as a result of ill health, accidents or other misfortune, no enforcement of debts may take place until a legal guardian is appointed, and the finances of the debtor has been organised pursuant to local laws.
   2. The protections under clauses (4) and (5) also applies to a legal guardian or their associates.
9. Jurisdiction.
   
   1. Clauses (4) to (9) also apply to creditors who enforce overdue debts themselves.
   2. Each WA state is responsible for interpretation and enforcement of this resolution, including any penalties enforced.
   3. This resolution does not govern anything owed directly to the WA, WA organs, or a WA state.

Votes For: 9 830 (77.8%)
Votes Against: 2 807 (22.2%)

Implemented Wed 29 May 2024

[GA 730 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Oil Spill Recovery
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: Mining
Proposed by: Bisofeyri World Assembly Mission

Text: The World Assembly,

Lauding prior efforts to institute regulations regarding offshore oil drilling through GAR#95: "Responsible Offshore Drilling", which creates sensible provisions to minimise the environmental impact of offshore drilling while still permitting profit-driven activities related to this drilling,

Acknowledging that, while this previous World Assembly legislation does institute sensible guidelines, it falls short in the establishment of responsibility and the minimisation of environmental impacts in oil spills, instead giving vague instructions to reduce severity,

Believing that further legislation is needed to assist in the recovery from oil spills, which can result in international environmental consequences,

Enacts the following provisions:

1. An "offshore drill operator" shall, within this resolution, be defined as any entity which directly engages in offshore drilling or otherwise has private or public ownership over any offshore drilling operation.
2. An "oil spill" refers to the accidental or deliberate release of crude oil, refined petroleum products, or any other type of oil into an oceanic or marine environment. Some, although not all, potential causes of an oil spill include the failure or malfunction of oil drilling equipment, natural disasters causing the release of oil stored or being produced from an offshore drill, and the improper handling of oil during transport by relevant entities.
3. Offshore drill operators which are involved in an oil spill must take appropriate actions to minimise the environmental impact of such a spill, and bring the water quality and surrounding environmental conditions of the spill to a comparable level to before the spill. The characterisation of "comparable level" shall be at the discretion of the World Assembly Responsible Offshore Drilling Administration ("WARODA"), which shall review all conditions surrounding an oil spill and make appropriate recommendations and requirements. Appropriate action shall be characterised as the following actions, although member nations are permitted and encouraged to require further actions to ensure the environmental recovery of such an action:
   
   1. For offshore drill operators whose operations fall under World Assembly jurisdiction, or who operate an offshore oil drill within the territory of a member nation, the offshore drill operator must take on the full financial responsibility of bringing the environmental conditions to such a level as required by WARODA. If the offshore drill operator is unable to cover the full finances required without substantial financial burden, the member nation within their jurisdiction may provide financial support, and in extreme cases, WARODA in collaboration with the WA General Accounting Office ("GAO") may finance the recovery following the cleanup, given an appropriate assessment by both WARODA and the GAO, with the GAO creating a financing plan where the offshore drill operator shall pay the financed funds back to the World Assembly.
   2. For offshore drill operators whose operations do not fall under World Assembly jurisdiction, who are involved in an oil spill outside of the territory of a member nation, all member nations must ban the import of products of the offshore drill operators and financial collaboration with the perpetrating entities, until such a time that appropriate action is taken to bring the oil spill to a comparable level as before the oil spill.
   3. In the event of an oil spill, any responsible offshore drill operator whose operations fall under World Assembly jurisdiction, or who operate an offshore oil drill within the territory of a member nation, shall submit a report to WARODA detailing the cause, plan of action for recovery from the spill, and plan to prevent similar incidents from happening in the future for their offshore drilling operations. WARODA may request further documentation from these offshore drill operators involved in an oil spill, and the offshore drill operator must provide as quickly as they possibly can.
4. Offshore drill operators, member nations, and other entities may work to finance these cleanup measures by requesting or requiring other corporations or entities directly or indirectly involved in the spill to collaborate in the actions outlined by clause three. Additionally, in the event that an oil spill spans multiple nations, all member nations shall work to collaborate in the enforcement of these actions, and shall work with non-member nations in a good-faith effort to ensure that provisions as laid out by this resolution are enacted.
5. Additional regulations surrounding the funding of cleanup efforts of an oil spill may be enacted by this World Assembly. Additionally, specific regulations on offshore oil drills to promote safety and environmental prosperity may be further enacted by the World Assembly or its member nations.
6. No offshore drill operator, nor any other entity, shall be permitted to intentionally cause an oil spill for any reason.

Votes For: 7 423 (60.1%)
Votes Against: 4 925 (39.9%)

Implemented Sun 2 Jun 2024

[GA 731 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "International Transport Safety"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #34
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Description: General Assembly Resolution #34 "International Transport Safety" (Category: Free Trade, Strength: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly (WA):

Noting its long-standing interest in promoting free trade via resolutions that provide necessary regulations for various forms of transport, such as railways, seafaring and aircraft;

Frustrated that the target resolution, GAR 34 International Transport Safety, permits domestic transport not to comply with the regulations of the International Transport Safety Committee (ITSC, clause 6a), thereby allowing domestic carriers to adopt far more relaxed standards than those of the ITSC;

Flummoxed that the ITSC has been tasked with creating detailed regulations for shipping, aviation and railways in terms of safety, communications, accident investigation, et cetera, but that they concern only international traffic, leaving domestic traffic poorly unregulated by international law;

Anxious that, as a result of the domestic exemption:

1. WA states face severe difficulties when domestic transport of significantly lower standards shares the same space as international transport, whether over air traffic coordination in the same airspace, rail tracks shared by domestic and international rail engines, or international shipping sharing seas and rivers with domestic vessels; and
2. There is significant ambiguity as to the responsibility for investigating accidents involving multiple member states, such as when a domestic ship collides with an international ship in domestic waters, or when an international train collides with a domestic train on a WA state’s rail tracks;

Observing that there is a need for WA states to retain as much autonomy as practicable to tailor regulations for their own circumstances and needs, but that this must be balanced with the need for better coordination between member states, especially in this age of frequent international travel;

Looking forward to replacements for the target resolution that address these flaws, while preserving the good work of the target in establishing international regulations;

The World Assembly hereby repeals the target resolution, "International Transport Safety".

Co-author: Kenmoria

Votes For: 9 151 (81.8%)
Votes Against: 2 041 (18.2%)

Implemented Thu 6 Jun 2024

[GA 732 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Access to Basic Banking and Lending
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Consumer Protection
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Believing that a bank account is key to improving the living standards of WA inhabitants by offering access to modern financial services for free, avoiding pricier alternatives such as pawn shops or check cashing outlets, and broadening access to microcredit;

The WA hereby enacts as follows:

1. Definitions.
   
   1. "Bank" means an entity that offers savings and lending products to inhabitants and SMEs in a WA state. This includes similar entities such as credit unions.
   2. "Cash" includes physical coins, notes, as well as other physical monetary instruments used by that WA state.
   3. "Inhabitant" includes anyone with a clear rationale for a bank account in that state. This includes, as examples, citizens, residents, guest workers, seafarers, refugees, and diplomats.
   4. "Inhabitant" excludes any not deemed legally competent in that WA state.
   5. "Microcredit" is defined to include loans of relatively small amounts to inhabitants and SMEs to help them achieve their financial or personal targets. such as developing new businesses.
   6. "SME" means small and medium sized enterprises. This includes sole proprietors and smaller enterprises as defined by that WA state.
2. Basic bank account ("basic account" or "account"). A basic account must include the following features:
   
   1. Savings and deposits;
   2. Cash withdrawals;
   3. Cheque issuance and deposits;
   4. Convenient payment mechanisms such as various apps;
   5. Microcredit facilities (as defined in clause 6);
   6. Domestic interbank and intrabank transfers;
   7. Remittances to or from other WA states.
3. Features.
   
   1. Each basic account (and related services) is provided free of charge. This does not affect margins or spreads for loans, foreign exchange, or other products outside of a basic account provided by the bank.
   2. No minimum deposit balance is required to open or maintain a basic account.
   3. If a state has reasonable levels of Internet access, a basic account must be accessible both online and offline.
   4. Sub-clauses (2)(b) or (2)(c) do not apply if that WA state does not use cash or cheques, respectively.
4. Availability.
   
   1. Each inhabitant and each SME in a WA state is entitled to at least one basic account.
   2. Each WA state is to determine how basic accounts are provided, such as through which particular banks or if such accounts are the obligations of all banks.
5. Know your customer requirements (KYC).
   
   1. No one may be denied from opening a basic account due to their circumstances, such as having a previous criminal record or having no fixed abode.
   2. An inhabitant having a duly issued identity document from that WA state (or a committee of the WA) is deemed to satisfy the KYC needs for opening a basic account.
   3. The preceding sub-clauses do not prohibit a bank from conducting additional KYC if the customer desires a deeper relationship, such as getting a loan from that bank, or for the bank to decline such a deeper relationship.
6. Microcredit.
   
   1. A bank that provides basic accounts shall also provide microcredit loans via such accounts to inhabitants and SMEs.
   2. Each WA state may determine if microcredit loans are provided at market rates, or if subsidised loans are available, as well as the underwriting standards, terms, and conditions for such microcredit loans.
   3. Each WA state is required to incentivise banks to promote microcredit services to their customers.
7. Other services.
   
   1. A bank may also provide loans or other services to customers via a basic account.
   2. The WA reserves the right to further regulate lending under clause (6) or sub-clause (7)(a).
8. Technology.
   
   1. Each WA state is required to incentivise the use of technology in banking to the extent such technology is available in that WA state, such as online banking and payment apps, to reduce costs for bank customers.
   2. Each WA state is required to make reasonable efforts to make it more convenient for vulnerable inhabitants to bank, such as using more facilities friendly to those with physical challenges.
9. Jurisdiction. Each WA state is responsible for interpretation and enforcement of this resolution.

Votes For: 8 107 (74.8%)
Votes Against: 2 729 (25.2%)

Implemented Mon 10 Jun 2024

[GA 733 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Rights of Sapient Species"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #355
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Description: General Assembly Resolution #355 "Rights of Sapient Species" (Category: Civil Rights, Strength: Strong) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly (WA),

Applauds the intention of GAR#355 to protect the rights of all sapient species, reflecting the diversity of species across the multiverse;

Notes, however, that the target resolution has significant flaws that neuter its ability to protect the rights of sapient species, namely the lack of a definition over what constitutes:

1. "mentally ill" under paragraph 6 of the resolution, thus allowing for varying and potentially malicious interpretations in the absence of any WA resolutions to the contrary, and
   
2. "normal" adult humans under paragraph 8 of the resolution, thus granting broad discretion to each WA state to interpret this clause at will, noting differences in age, maturity and other matters;

Believes that the WA already has numerous resolutions in place that protect the rights of sapient individuals; and

Strives for a replacement that rectifies such defects, and the lack of clarity in the target resolution, if the WA deems it necessary; hereby

Repeals GA#355, "Rights of Sapient Species."

Votes For: 9 738 (85.4%)
Votes Against: 1 666 (14.6%)

Implemented Fri 14 Jun 2024

[GA 734 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "On Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #459
Proposed by: Bisofeyri World Assembly Mission

Description: General Assembly Resolution #459 "On Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes" (Category: Regulation, Area of Effect: Consumer Protection) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Appreciative of the intention of GA 459, "On Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes" to reduce rates of addiction to nicotine and the long-term health effects of tobacco, and

Noting the creation and passage of GA 643, "Reducing Addiction", which takes more broad steps toward reducing the pervasiveness of addiction, and GA 657, "World Psychoactive Drug Act", which legalized the recreational use of all psychoactive drugs, which includes the specific drugs and substances regulated by GA 459, and

Recognizing several flaws in GA 459, such as:

1. Micromanagement of these specific drugs fails to take into consideration the diverse needs of member-nations, and that attempts to institute one-size-fits-all legislation to reduce addiction and other negative side effects of tobacco and nicotine are largely ineffective when stacked against GA 643 and other comparable resolutions;
2. The actual regulation regarding packaging of the goods has size and language requirements, but fails to implement a more general readability and visibility requirement, which allows genuinely malicious or villainously profit-driven entities from making these warnings nigh-impossible to read, even if fulfilling the correct size and language required by the resolution;
3. Decisions which are definitionally driven by each nation's unique circumstances, such as the extent to which anti-smoking advertisements are used and promulgated, require nations to spend additional funds which may create significant economic burden to some, regardless of how large of a problem they actually would solve;
4. The final binding clause gives nations two choices in what the topic of their informational campaigns shall be, one of which is to endorse other products, such as electronic cigarettes, showcasing a clear bias toward that particular product as no other product is listed, when such a bias is not necessarily indicative of anti-addiction facts or any practical interest, potentially as a result of an electronic cigarette lobby;

Believing that these resolutions merit repeal of the GA 457, and that such repeal will be adequately covered by other extant legislation, therefore

Repeals GA 459, "On Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes".

Votes For: 9 569 (82.6%)
Votes Against: 2 017 (17.4%)

Implemented Tue 18 Jun 2024

[GA 735 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Forced Blood Sport Eradication Act"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #693
Proposed by: Varanius

Description: General Assembly Resolution #693 "Forced Blood Sport Eradication Act" (Category: Moral Decency, Strength: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly (WA),

Appreciative of the aim of GA#693 to eradicate forced blood sports, which many delegations consider to be a blight redolent of brutal gladiatorial combat and similarly repulsive, brutal spectacle;

Frustrated with the definition of “forced blood sport”, which is restricted only to activities “intended to entertain”, forcing WA delegations to discern the intent of participants without any meaningful impact on the activities associated with blood sports or the scope for injuries and death on the part of participants, sapient or otherwise;

Distressed that, for sapient individuals, both the protection against forced participation in such activities and the prohibition against the trafficking of individuals for such purposes are already largely covered by GA#23;

At the same time, acknowledging the inherent difficulty of regulating this issue in the presence of GA#267, which gives certain exemptions to certain circumstances such as threats to ecosystems from invasive non-sapient species, as well as catering to some WA members that may rely on hunting animals for food as their primary source of food;

Frustrated that the result is that the target resolution provides a blanket exemption for “hunting for sapient consumption shall not be considered a forced blood sport for the purpose of this resolution”, thus allowing some member states to bring themselves into compliance by holding a barbecue at the end of every hunting event, assuming the hunted species is edible, regardless of whether entertainment or competitive aspects are in place, and defeating much of the purpose of the target resolution in the first place;

Hereby Repeals GA#693 “Forced Blood Sport Eradication Act”.

Co-authors: A Bloodred Moon, Simone Republic

Votes For: 7 373 (58.8%)
Votes Against: 5 164 (41.2%)

Implemented Sun 30 Jun 2024

[GA 736 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Basic Self-Defense Rights
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Zinke Zoogle Bee-Bop

Text: The World Assembly,

Believing self defense to be an essential human (or otherwise) right to ensure safety and peace of mind,

Hereby enacts the following in all member nations:

1. Every person shall have the inalienable right to protect themselves, other people, and property from violence, destruction, and theft given that the force used for defense is not excessive.
2. For the purposes of this resolution;
   
   1. "violence" shall refer only to physical harm done from one person to another, and
   2. "attack" shall mean a person initiating (or attempting to initiate) violence with another without having been provoked by violence or the actual threat of such violence by the individual(s) they have harmed.
3. If a person, other people, or someone's property are put at an imminent threat of harm or theft due to another person's active attack or attempt of theft, force no less than what is necessary to stop the incoming attack or theft must be permitted in response, provided that such response is proportional to the actual threat.
4. Nothing in section 3 shall apply to any action taken against a law enforcement official lawfully conducting their duties.
5. No person shall face any civil or criminal penalty as a result of any of the actions protected by section 3, provided that no physical damage is inflicted on any party other than the one guilty of the original attack. Any such physical damage to bystanders may still be punished by law where such damage could have been avoided while still acting in self-defense.
6. If a person commits an action in which they mistakenly believe they would be protected by section 3, the reasons for their mistake including real-time context, the person's mental capacity, any prior history between the relevant parties, and any other factors deemed relevant in a court of law shall be considered. If a person can prove beyond a reasonable doubt that;
   
   1. the actual danger in question was obscured as a direct result of actions taken by the original aggressor,
   2. the person acting in defense of themselves or others could not have known or reasonably have been expected to know that the perceived threat was not as serious as it had been perceived to be, and
   3. the response to the perceived level of threat would have been protected by section 3 had the perception of danger been accurate,
   the person shall face no civil or criminal penalty as a result of the actions they took in response to the perceived danger.
7. be it clarified that nothing in this resolution shall prevent any member state from expanding and strengthening the availability of self-defense.

Votes For: 7 651 (67.9%)
Votes Against: 3 616 (32.1%)

Implemented Thu 4 Jul 2024

[GA 737 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]