Passed General Assembly Resolutions

[Imperium Anglorum]

Dual Citizenship Arrangements
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Acknowledging its natural interest in regulating relations between WA states as well as to facilitate commerce, travel and communications between WA states;

Noting that certain WA states may prevent some inhabitants of sub-national regions from becoming full citizens;

Recognizing previous GA resolutions that regulate aspects of citizenship such as #523, #552, and #601 but noting that the WA does not explicitly regulate individuals holding multiple citizenships, thus creating potential issues for individuals that may hold multiple citizenships due to differences between the laws of different WA states;

Desiring a common solution for such issues through the WA;

1. Defines:
   
   1. Citizen(s) to mean the individual citizen(s) of a WA state;
   2. Dual citizen(s) (or “dual citizenship”) to mean citizen(s) of a WA state that is also the citizen of at least one other state, regardless of whether the second state is a WA state;
   3. References to "state" means any state regardless of membership, and “WA state” means a member of the WA;
2. Requires:
   
   1. A WA state may not create different levels of citizenship or nationality such that an individual is a citizen or national of certain sub-national portions of the said WA state but not a citizen throughout the entirety of the said WA state;
   2. No action by an individual or by a WA state pursuant to this resolution may result in statelessness on the part of an individual;
3. Requires that a WA state may not, subject to extant WA resolutions:
   
   1. prohibit its legally competent citizens from:
      
      1. voluntarily renouncing their citizenship of that WA state, as long as this does not result in statelessness for that citizen;
      2. voluntarily adopt the citizenship of another state;
   2. bring charges of treason against former citizens provided that the said crimes are alleged to have been committed after they have renounced their citizenship;
   3. impose taxes or fees specifically as a result of an individual seeking to renounce their citizenship;
   4. impose other conditions on any individual seeking to renounce their citizenship, except for:
      
      1. requiring an individual to resign from a position with the national or sub-national governments of a WA state (including military service) if clause 4(a)(iii) applies;
      2. the payment of any other taxes already then due and payable according to the laws of that WA state;
4. Requires that if a WA state chooses to permit dual citizenship, subject to extant WA resolutions:
   
   1. it must not discriminate against such citizens except on the following matters:
      
      1. a declared state of war exists between that WA state and the other state(s) in which that citizen also has citizenship;
      2. participation in elections; or
      3. appointment to, or employment of, the dual citizen by national or sub-national governments of that WA state that require clearances of that WA state for national security purposes;
   2. it must not deny the right to consular protection if such rights are exercised by other state(s) in which the dual citizen holds citizenship;
5. Requires that all WA states remind their citizens travelling to non-WA states, through such means as the WA state deems necessary:
   
   1. to check in advance if they are also citizens of the other non-WA states even if they are not aware of such citizenship, due to circumstances such as (merely as an example) distant family relations;
   2. to be aware that consular protection may or may not be available depending on the circumstances of the non-WA state;
6. Clarifies:
   
   1. this resolution does not affect whether a WA state permits dual citizenship for its own citizens;
   2. if a WA state changes its laws so that it no longer permits dual citizenship, it may not compel its own dual citizens from renouncing their other citizenship(s) nor to discriminate against such dual citizens except as per the limited circumstances in clause 4(a);
   3. in case of disputes concerning clause 4(b) between two WA states, the Independent Adjudicative Office shall have jurisdiction.

Votes For: 9 386 (77.2%)
Votes Against: 2 767 (22.8%)

Implemented Mon 30 Oct 2023

[GA 695 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Educational Equality Act
A resolution to promote funding and the development of education and the arts.

Category: Education and Creativity
Area of Effect: Educational
Proposed by: The Ice States

Text: Discrimination and harassment against protected classes in schools, such as targeting of minority students and discriminatory hate speech, is a widespread problem in some member nations, denying such students a safe and healthy education experience. Such discrimination and harassment can also create undue pressure on minority students to conceal their identity or minority status. However, some schools still take little to no action against discrimination within their schools, or merely engage in "lip service" against discrimination in the absence of strong legislation protecting minority groups in education. The World Assembly thus enacts as follows,

1. For the purposes of this resolution, these terms are defined as follows,
   
   
   1. A "school" is defined as an institution designed for the organised education of students by providing learning spaces and environments.
      
      
   2. A "protected class" is any social categorisation implicitly or explicitly defined by World Assembly law as arbitrary or reductive, or which is protected as such under national or subnational law.
      
      
   3. "Hate speech" is defined as public speech which expresses or promotes, whether explicitly or implicitly, hate or discrimination towards a protected class; this includes, but is not limited to, the use of slurs against said class.
2. Every school must actively and continuously work to prevent, and take action against, any instances within the scope of said school's authority of (a) hate speech, or (b) harassment of individuals based on their real or perceived membership of a protected class. Every school must also encourage its students to report and try to stop such acts should they occur. However, this provision shall not be interpreted as prohibiting the use of examples of hate speech for educational purposes, so long as this occurs in a manner which does not construe such hate speech as correct or legitimate.
   
   
3. Every school must offer resources to its students to
   
   
   1. assist them in coming to terms with their belonging to a protected class;
      
      
   2. help them overcome harassment or discrimination for their real or perceived membership of a protected class; and
      
      
   3. otherwise support its students' mental health from issues involving said students' real or perceived membership in a protected class, including discrimination motivated thereby.
4. Every member nation must prescribe, as part of a mandatory curriculum for all its students under the age of majority, regardless of whether relevant schools are publicly owned, and in a manner appropriate to said students' age, an understanding of discrimination against protected classes in said member nation, including
   
   
   1. the subjects, forms, and prevalence of discrimination in the present day, including recognising such discrimination, how and why it is unjust, and the impacts of various types of discrimination;
      
      
   2. any history in that member nation of discrimination against protected classes, regardless of state-enforced nature or lack thereof in such discrimination; and
      
      
   3. how such students can personally act to prevent or otherwise halt observed acts of discrimination or harassment against individuals based on their protected class status.
5. All member nations must prohibit schools under their jurisdiction from discriminating against their students on the basis of their real or perceived membership of a protected class.

Co-author: Evinea

Votes For: 11 199 (88.1%)
Votes Against: 1 516 (11.9%)

Implemented Tue 7 Nov 2023

[GA 696 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Reducing Light Pollution
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: All Businesses - Mild
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Noting that, for some WA states, light pollution harms their environments such as wildlife habitats (say migrating songbirds, fireflies and animals requiring darkness), aquatic ecosystems (sayalgae brooms) and the opportunity to observe the night sky for astronomers, as well as impacting the health of some sapient species such as interrupting their sleep patterns and confusing their circadian rhythms;

Further noting that in some cases light pollution is also resulting from excess lighting which in turn creates unnecessary energy use, which may be detrimental to the welfare of some WA states;

Acknowledging that, for WA states sharing a common border or in proximity to each other, the requirements for lighting can significantly differ, such as differences in sapient species inhabiting the relevant WA state(s), and land use (such as a wildlife reserve in one state bordering a bustling city in another state), and for differing needs to potentially come into conflict due to the ability of light pollution to creep across national boundaries via sky glow, the rusty orange haze cast by the massed lights over a wide area through the atmosphere in some WA states;

Desiring a common approach that resolves such issues through the WA in a coherent manner; hereby

1. Defines:
   
   1. IAO to mean the Independent Adjudicative Office of the WA;
   2. WASP to mean the Scientific Programme of the WA;
2. Requires WA states to, subject to their levels of technology sophistication, take reasonable steps in good faith to reduce light pollution without compromising on the health and safety of its own inhabitants through (merely as examples) the following means:
   
   1. Adopt energy-saving lighting equipment, such as lower-energy use light bulbs, dimmers and automatic switch-off lights;
      
   2. Proactively reduce outdoor lighting pointing skywards, such as street lighting with downward directions, motion detectors, low energy electronic billboards and low-pressure sodium lamps;
      
   3. Adopt land use measures to protect the habitat of species that require darkness, such as light shields and darkness reserves in national parks;
3. Permits a WA state to require the assistance of WASP in implementing measures to reduce light pollution, with all reasonable costs incurred by WASP fully indemnified by the said state;
   
   
4. Permits, if a WA state ("requesting state") shares a border with, or is in close proximity to, another WA state ("responding state"), to expressly raise a request for the responding state to reduce light pollution in areas near shared borders or other areas where the two states are close to each other, subject to the following conditions:
   
   1. The requesting state is to fully indemnify the responding state for all reasonable costs incurred to reduce light pollution;
      
   2. Either state may request the assistance of WASP in implementing measures to reduce light pollution, with all reasonable costs incurred by WASP fully indemnified by the requesting state;
      
   3. The responding state is permitted to reject or negotiate on the implementation of such a request if it reasonably believes that such reductions in light pollution (or lighting use in general) will harm the health and wellbeing of its own inhabitants, subject to appeals by either state to the IAO;
5. Clarifies that the IAO shall have the final authority on interpreting this resolution and on adjudicating any disputes regarding clause 4.

Votes For: 10 017 (75.4%)
Votes Against: 3 271 (24.6%)

Implemented Wed 15 Nov 2023

[GA 697 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Convention Against Heinous Crimes
A resolution to improve world security by boosting police and military budgets.

Category: International Security
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: The Ice States

Text: Whereas, given the heinous nature of crimes against humanity and other similar acts, member nations should cooperate with each other to bring those responsible to justice;

Whereas such cooperation is effectively promoted by facilitating comity between member nations in dealing with heinous crimes; and

Whereas, although the World Assembly has legislated to restrict extradition to comply with due process standards (GA #147), as well as to regulate trial procedure for fairness (GA #37, inter alia), this august institution does not yet mandate the extension of comity for most heinous crimes;

The World Assembly enacts as follows, subject to previously enacted World Assembly law.

1. Definitions: For the purposes of this resolution, a "heinous crime" means an act which World Assembly law explicitly or implicitly designates as a war crime, a crime against peace, or a crime against humanity, regardless of what jurisdiction takes up a case regarding that act. Absent qualification otherwise, uses of the phrase "World Assembly law" make no regard for the timing, relative to this resolution, of the passage of such law, and exclude repealed legislation.
   
   
2. Reviews: Where an individual charged or convicted for a heinous crime in a World Assembly member nation remains under the jurisdiction of another member nation, the latter member nation must make a bona fide review to determine whether to extend comity over the case, if such comity is not already extended or to be extended. Such a review must be presided over by a court or other tribunal.
   
   
   1. Comity is to be presumptively granted if there is probable cause that the individual is guilty of said heinous crime, and in such a case may only be denied if the tribunal finds that extending comity would (i) result in a violation of due process or World Assembly law; or (ii) significantly harm a compelling public interest which outweighs the public's interest in extension of comity.
      
      
   2. The World Assembly Judiciary Committee may, with the consent of the reviewing member nation, supply judicial officials to participate in the tribunal or proceedings thereof.
3. Comity: Comity may be extended either by resuming or enforcing the relevant judicial proceedings by the member nation to which comity is extended; or by extraditing the individual in question to the member nation to which comity is extended.
   
   
   1. No member nation or entity therein may wilfully obstruct the transportation of an individual between member nations for the purposes of such extradition, subject to Section 3b.
      
      
   2. A member nation may, subject to other World Assembly law, prevent or restrict its jurisdiction from being used for such transportation, so long as this does not prevent extradition from proceeding without posing a substantial additional burden on the time or finances of the extraditing member nation.
      
      
   3. The enforcement of a judicial sentence shall be considered a form of judicial proceedings in this resolution.
4. Extradition support: The International Enforcement Commission, or IEC, is reestablished. Where a member nation has elected to extend comity via extradition under Section 3, the IEC may provide support, in the form of law enforcement officers and with the consent of the extraditing member nation, to facilitate the delivery of the extradited individual to the jurisdiction of the relevant member nation.
   
   
   1. IEC officers acting per this mandate may only use armed force where absolutely necessary to ensure that the individual is safely delivered to the relevant member nation.
      
      
   2. The World Assembly shall reserve the power to, by resolution, expand the authority of the IEC to carry out additional law enforcement actions, excepting regulations limited to the scope of preventing (i) arbitrary action against a person, entity, or property thereof; or (ii) use of force substantially greater than necessary to restrain a person or prevent imminent lawless action.

Votes For: 8 161 (66.7%)
Votes Against: 4 076 (33.3%)

Implemented Thu 23 Nov 2023

[GA 698 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Safe Transportation of Hazardous Materials
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Transportation
Proposed by: Gemeinschaftsland

Text: The World Assembly,

Cognizant of the many important roles hazardous materials play in the industries and operations of WA member states;

Concerned, though, that the lack of uniform regulation and oversight in the transportation of such substances could increase the risk of spills and leaks and, by extension, the terrible ramifications of such accidents on the environment and intelligent life;

Resolving, then, to provide effective international standards and oversight for the transportation of hazardous materials;

Hereby,

1. Defines, for the purposes of this resolution:
   
   1. A “hazardous material”, “hazmat”, or “hazardous substance” as any object or agent that would pose, either directly or via environmental contamination, a significant risk to local life in the bulk and/or concentration found in transportation and storage;
   2. The “LD₅₀” as the amount of a hazardous substance, given all at once, which would cause mortality in the top 50% most affected individuals;
2. Further empowers the Toxic Materials Commission (TMC) with the following mandates:
   
   1. To, in addition to those carried out by national hazmat authorities, conduct unannounced inspections, both targeted and random, of hazardous material transports for the purpose of ensuring all regulations are upheld and high standards of safety are maintained;
   2. To certify hazmat containers manufactured by other entities to ensure compliance with all relevant regulations, and sufficient manufacturing consistency;
   3. To manufacture and/or facilitate the manufacture of standardized, regulation-compliant containers as a low-cost alternative to those produced by other entities;
   4. To mitigate the negative impacts of hazardous materials lost or damaged while in transit and/or aid member states in doing so;
   5. To liaise with the International Transport Safety Committee (ITSC) to determine and enact standards to further improve safety in hazmat transportation;
   6. To establish and certify training regimens for workers in frequent contact with hazardous materials, and ensure programs’ continued relevance, and
   7. To cooperate with judicial bodies to penalize entities in violation of relevant rules and regulations;
3. Requires all personnel involved in the transportation of hazardous materials receive job-relevant, TMC-certified hazmat training in order to reduce, as much as is plausible, risk of preventable accidents due to personnel error;
   
   
4. Mandates the use of TMC-certified containers in the vehicular transportation of hazardous materials, subject to the following specifications as appropriate for each package:
   
   1. Containers must be "drop-resistant", defined as the ability to weather a minimum of six consecutive drops of at least 2 meters onto a rigid, non-resilient, flat and horizontal surface without sustaining any damage which could adversely affect safety during transport;
   2. Containers must be "air-tight", defined as being able to enclose contents at a of at least 4 psi, or one-point-five times the pressure of its intended contents (whichever is greater) without rupture or leakage;
   3. Containers must be "vibration-resistant", defined as the ability to withstand severe vibration with peak-to-peak displacement of at least one inch for no less than one hour without sustaining any leaks, ruptures, or being otherwise structurally compromised;
   4. Rigid containers must be tested for "stack safety", defined as the capability of a container to withstand the total weight of all full, identical containers that would be stacked upon it during transport; the maximum tested weight withstood must be clearly labeled on containers’ exteriors to reduce negligent use;
   5. Containers carrying chemically reactive contents must be "chemically stable", defined as the ability to contact chemically-reactive contents for no less than 180 days at shipping temperature without sustaining leaks or being otherwise structurally compromised; minor revisions to pre-certified container designs, excepting material changes, need not be re-tested for chemical stability;
   6. Containers carrying infectious agents must use at least one primary receptacle, enclosed in at least one secondary receptacle, itself enclosed in an outer layer of packaging, all of which are subject to all of the above regulations, and clearly labeled as containing an infectious agent;
   7. Containers carrying greater than the LD₅₀ of a hazardous substance must be clearly and expressly labeled as such;
5. Obligates WA member states and all entities operating within their borders to schedule and report departures, arrivals, routes, and accidents pertaining to hazardous cargo directly to the TMC in order to facilitate inspections and/or damage mitigation, and
   
   
6. Prohibits WA member states from withholding access to areas required for or otherwise deliberately interfering with TMC operations, so long as such proceedings would not present a tangible risk to national security.

Votes For: 10 690 (87.1%)
Votes Against: 1 577 (12.9%)

Implemented Mon 27 Nov 2023

[GA 699 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Whistleblowing Convention
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: The Ice States

Text: Whereas whistleblowing should be protected, be it enacted as follows.

1. Definitions: The following is:
   
   
   1. "State" means member nation, or administrative or political subdivision thereof.
      
      
   2. "Entity" means public or private entity.
      
      
   3. An "authorised recipient" is a body receiving a Section 2 report under Sections 2, 5 or 7.
      
      
   4. "Consent" means positive, free, informed and written consent.
      
      
   5. No part of this resolution restricts the ability of member nations to jointly or severally create further protections for disclosure of unlawful, wrongful or otherwise illicit activity by an entity.
2. Agencies: A person (hereinafter "whistleblower") has the right to submit a bona fide report (hereinafter "report") not violating legal professional privilege of unlawful, wrongful or otherwise illicit activity by an entity to a body (hereinafter "agency") with authority over, and which is otherwise independent of, said entity. Every entity must have at least one agency in addition to any established at a higher state level. An agency has the following duties:
   
   
   1. Never (i) disclosing to any external person or group of persons the identity of any whistleblower submitting a report to that agency, subject to Section 3; or (ii) discriminating against a whistleblower based on any social categorisation protected by World Assembly or other applicable law as arbitrary or reductive;
      
      
   2. Promptly and fully forwarding any report which that agency lacks the authority to adequately address to another agency with such authority; the forwarding agency shall subsequently disclaim all authority under Sections 2c - 2e over the report;
      
      
   3. Promptly reviewing every other report the agency receives, and deciding whether to officially act against the reported activity, either immediately or after an official investigation by that agency, based on factors including the severity and likelihood of the reported activity;
      
      
   4. Reserving authority to (i) order the cessation of reported activity upon deciding to act against it; (ii) prosecute, or where the agency oversees a private entity only request the prosecution of, unlawful reported activity or failure to comply with a Section 2d.i order; and (iii) act as a mediator to address reports, conditional on the consent of all involved parties including the original whistleblower; and
      
      
   5. Authorising the publication of activity or evidence thereof reported under Section 2a, where (i) the information to be disclosed is demonstrably correct; (ii) the public has an interest in knowledge of such information which outweighs any compelling public interest against such disclosure, eg personal privacy or national security; and (iii) such disclosure does not violate the law of any jurisdiction the agency does not oversee.
3. Liability: Every agency shall be subject to a standard of respondeat superior; in addition to the official in question, an agency is criminally liable for violations of this resolution by an official of said agency. Section 2a's anonymity requirements may be waived only
   
   
   1. with the consent of the relevant whistleblower;
      
      
   2. for Section 2b forwarding of a report, in which case the entity to which the report is forwarded must comply with the same anonymity requirements; or
      
      
   3. to the minimal extent deemed essential by a tribunal or agency to facilitate an official investigation of (i) a likely violation of criminal or civil law or (ii) the reported activity.
4. Non-retaliation: No penalty, discriminatory treatment or other retaliation may be imposed upon any person for lodging a report, or upon any person or entity for publishing or circulating facts whose publication was authorised by an agency under Section 2e.
   
   
5. Direct reports: A report may be directly lodged with the entity responsible for the reported activity, in which case the entity must (a) comply with this resolution's anonymity requirements as if it were an agency and (b) forward the report to an actual agency under the procedure in Section 2b.
   
   
6. Advice: A prospective whistleblower has the right to request advice on how or whether to lodge a report from up to three individuals with the general expectation of confidentiality. A person who invokes this right shall be subject to the non-retaliation protections in Section 4, as if that person were lodging a report.
   
   
7. GDAA: The General Disclosure Appellate Agency (hereinafter the GDAA) is established as an agency with universal jurisdiction and prosecutorial powers. A whistleblower may directly submit a report to the GDAA should that whistleblower believe that a lower-level agency failed or is unlikely to appropriately address the report or reported activity. The GDAA shall directly process all reports lodged with it.
   
   
8. Contradiction: Should a provision of this resolution contradict a past World Assembly resolution still in force, that previous resolution takes precedence.

Votes For: 8 872 (72.0%)
Votes Against: 3 454 (28.0%)

Implemented Tue 5 Dec 2023

[GA 700 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Star Gazing Day"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #687
Proposed by: Mechanocracy

Description: General Assembly Resolution #687 "Star Gazing Day" (Category: Environmental, Industry Affected: All Businesses - Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Reaffirming this body believes that while the bill creating star gazing day was written with the best intentions, but there exists reasonable concern that it will have unintended consequences,

Furthermore concerned that by encouraging entire nations to lower the lights as outlined in Clause 4.2, pedestrians will be placed at higher risk of injury and exposure to crime as their cities plunge into darkness, and that this campaign against lighting on a society-wide basis is an integral aspect of the bill that cannot be reasonably mitigated without removing the resolution's primary aims,

Fully conscious that issues with light pollution on the borders between member states and and non-World Assembly nations, which will not necessarily be subject to similar restrictions on light usage, highlight that the international mandate contained within the resolution may be better suited to other organizations or handled at a regional level where collections of bordered nations can coordinate with one another to more effectively see through the intent of the resolution- without the resolution,

Apprehensive that resolution #687’s subjective and vague wording will create legal grey zones and unneeded conflict between members of the public over when the use of light is “unwanted, inappropriate, or excessive”, and that resultant debate may consume time better spent by local governments on other more important subjects of contention, and

Disappointed that resolution #687 promotes spectral spectacle while seemingly blinded to these more grounded concerns,

The General Assembly hereby repeals GA#687 "Star Gazing Day."

Co-author: Varanius

Votes For: 8 869 (64.6%)
Votes Against: 4 855 (35.4%)

Implemented Sat 9 Dec 2023

[GA 701 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Improving Infant Nutrition
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly,

Asserting that providing full and proper nutrition to infants of some sapient species has been scientifically validated to be beneficial to the said infants, with improved outcomes in overcoming childhood diseases, intellectual development and overall physical health; 

Noting that, for some members of certain specific species, breastfeeding may be beneficial to both the infants and to the provider(s) of breast milk, while for others, formula milk or other nutritious products may provide a better (or only) alternative;

Further noting that, innate prejudices and misunderstandings are still prevalent in some WA states and that feeding friendly environments may not be available and impede the promotion of proper feeding for infants of certain members of specific species; hereby

1. Defines:
   
   1. "Breastfeeding" to mean the practice of feeding milk or other tissue discharged by the usual biological processes of the breastfeed provider to their infants (such as the pumping of milk for later storage and feeding);
      
   2. "Feeding" to include feeding methods such as breastfeeding plus the provision of formula to an infant;
      
   3. "Formula" to mean formula milk or (depending on specific species) other scientifically validated, full nourished, and sanitary nutrition, whether produced naturally or through technological means, required for the survival and full and proper development of infants of specific species;
      
   4. "Government(s)" to mean governments of each WA state, including sub-national governments;
      
   5. "Hygienic space" to mean a convenient, accessible, comfortable, sanitary, private and enclosed, environment that facilitates feeding and is free of charge at the point of use;
      
   6. "Specific species" to mean inhabitants of WA states that belong to sapient species where feeding is beneficial to the overall health of their infants, as determined by WASP;
      
   7. "WAHQ" to mean the WA Headquarters;
      
   8. "WASP" to mean the WA Scientific Programme;
      
   9. References to "such as" are merely as examples only;
2. Requires WASP to:
   
   1. Conduct ongoing research and provide updated relevant information for distribution to all WA states on proper feeding techniques as well as the use of formulas (including any new improvements to formulas) and the benefits to specific species;
      
   2. Educate inhabitants of specific species the need to provide full and proper nutrition to infants, either directly or through the governments of individual WA states through such means as WASP deems appropriate;
      
   3. Provide guidelines on maintaining sanitation and hygiene in "hygienic spaces", subject to the physical constraints of each WA state;
3. Requires that government(s):
   
   1. Ensure that all facilities owned by governments, as well as all medical facilities (operated by a government or otherwise) in all WA states should provide, as soon as reasonably practicable and where physically possible, "hygienic spaces", as long as the WA state has a significant portion of its legal inhabitants belonging to a "specific species";
      
   2. Prohibit employers established in WA states from discriminating against anyone directly or indirectly on the grounds that time is required during working hours for feeding, and to impose such penalties as the said government proscribes, subject to due process of law;
      
   3. Provide attractive incentives for employers and owners of private property to provide "hygienic spaces", through such measures that the relevant government(s) deems necessary;
      
   4. Prohibit discrimination against any inhabitants on their choice of feeding methods, and to impose such penalties as the said government proscribes, subject to due process of law,
      
   5. Educate their own inhabitants against prejudices in feeding methods, such as discriminating against members of a certain sapient species that cannot breastfeed;
      
   6. Make widely available, through itself or through other providers, such as pharmacies and supermarkets, viable formula for purchase by any inhabitants of specific species;
4. Clarifies that:
   
   1. Terms not defined in this resolution shall be defined by WASP;
   2. The competent authorities of a government are responsible for the implementation and interpretation of this resolution;
   3. The WA Office of Building Management is responsible for providing convenient, private and enclosed "hygienic spaces" WAHQ and other offices of committees, bodies and organs of the WA, and the availability of such spaces to adequately satisfy the needs of every member of a "specific species" working at WAHQ or the said other offices.

Votes For: 10 355 (84.2%)
Votes Against: 1 949 (15.8%)

Implemented Wed 13 Dec 2023

[GA 702 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Consular Protection Arrangements
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA);

Noting that travelers abroad may sometimes need assistance due to unforeseen circumstances;

Desiring better assistance that may be offered to them by their home states;

Hereby:

1. Defines:
   
   1. Citizen(s) to mean individual(s) holding valid citizenship in a home state;
      
   2. Home state to mean the WA state where the citizen has citizenship;
      
   3. Host state to mean the state where the home state's citizen is located at the time assistance is sought;
      
   4. Mission to mean a diplomatic mission of a WA state and mission staff to mean accredited representatives of that state;
      
   5. State to mean any state and WA state to mean a member of the WA;
      
   6. WACC to mean the WA Compliance Commission;
2. Requires a home state, if it receives a request from a citizen, to offer assistance on the following:
   
   1. Any adoptions of children from the host state, and for migration, subject to extant resolutions;
   2. Issuing any identity documents needed from time to time, such as emergency passports;
   3. Any repatriations in an emergency if a citizen lacks the means to do so, including:
      
      1. Issuing temporary travel documents and assist in exiting the host state, if required;
      2. Arranging for transit to return to the home state, if needed;
      3. Repatriating a citizen to the home state if that citizen dies in the host state, if a prior wish for repatriation had been expressed or at the request of the deceased's next of kin;
3. Requires a home state, if a citizen is accused of a criminal offence in the host state, to offer assistance on the following matters:
   
   1. Provide guidance on the legal process of the host state;
   2. Arrange for competent legal advice or representation for the citizen, if such services are not provided by the host state;
   3. Attend the judicial proceedings of the citizen to the maximum extent permitted;
   4. Assist in providing mental health, translation and interpreting services, if such services are not provided by the host state;
   5. Provide reasonable financial assistance for legal and other expenses if the home state deems fit;
   6. From time to time (and with reasonable frequency, if requested by the citizen) have its mission staff meet with the citizen in a setting with sufficient levels of privacy, in order to offer or to render support;
4. Requires a home state to promptly offer assistance on the following matters, in addition to the assistance offered in clause 4, if a citizen of the home state is detained by the authorities of the host state, or is convicted of a criminal offence and incarcerated in the host state;
   
   1. Provide guidance on means for appeal(s) or seek other judicial relief;
   2. Facilitate visits by family members of the citizens to the host state to visit the detained citizen;
   3. Increased mental, visitation and other support to and for the citizen as the mission deems fit;
5. Requires a home state, if it has no mission(s) in a host state, to:
   
   1. Request the help of another WA state ("assisting state") that has a mission in the host state in offering the said assistance and any other assistance it may request;
   2. Require that the assisting state not decline such request(s) from the home state making such request(s), so long as:
      
      1. The home state fully indemnifies the assisting state for all the costs incurred; and
      2. The assisting state deems itself capable of offering such assistance;
6. Requires a home state:
   
   1. Not to revoke citizenship on its own citizens on the grounds of the said citizen seeking assistance under this resolution;
   2. Make all offers of assistance promptly and to the fullest extent possible, given its own capabilities;
7. Requires the host state, if it is a WA state, to:
   
   1. Fully cooperate with the home state(s) in the rendering of all assistance as defined in this resolution;
   2. Not entice or coerce someone to not seek assistance from their home state;
   3. Not object to the citizen that is both a citizen of the host state and the home state to request assistance from a home state, or the home state to render assistance to the citizen, subject to extant resolutions;
8. Clarifies:
   
   1. This resolution does not regulate whether a home state decides to extend consular protection to residents of that state that are not citizens of that state;
   2. A citizen may voluntarily decline any assistance offered for any reason if so desired;
   3. In case of disputes between WA states over this resolution, WACC shall have jurisdiction on a de novo basis.

Votes For: 8 768 (70.2%)
Votes Against: 3 722 (29.8%)

Implemented Sun 17 Dec 2023

[GA 703 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "The Charter of Civil Rights"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #35
Proposed by: The Ice States

Description: General Assembly Resolution #35 "The Charter of Civil Rights" (Category: Civil Rights, Strength: Significant) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Reaffirming its long-held belief that minority groups ought not to be discriminated against based on arbitrary, reductive characteristics such as race, sexuality, religion, sedentary status or gender identity; and

Remembering the provisions of such resolutions as "Convention Against Genocide", "Defending the Rights of Sexual and Gender Minorities", "Language and Education Rights for Deaf Individuals", "Supporting People With Disabilities", "Protection of Apostates", "Freedom of Travel" and "Religious Freedom Protection", which establish strong protections against common forms of discrimination;

Believing, however, that "The Charter of Civil Rights" (hereinafter referred to as GA #35) fails to adequately protect minority groups against discrimination due to Article 1c, which exempts all discrimination from its protections should it be "for compelling practical purposes" without establishing any standard that it be essential for said purposes;

Recognising that this opens the doors to member nations claiming some "compelling practical purpose" and tangentially linking it to the discrimination in question, with some examples of potential discrimination which would thus be permissible under Article 1c cited below:

• The internment of individuals for belonging to a particular race or nationality on the grounds that their home nation is at war with the member nation in question, and that such internment would prevent espionage or other national security threats;
  
  
• Racially segregating public facilities based on the rationale it would deter said facilities' use for them to be shared with minority racial groups; or
  
  
• Denying housing to minorities during an economic recession on the grounds that it would result in the migration of existing homeowners in the area and therefore contribute to property value deflation;

Perplexed by the unclear standard of "unfair and unreasonable" established in Article 2a, either nullifying the compelling practical purpose exception when applying to eg private employment and housing, prohibiting such practices as businesses requiring translators and interpreters to be fluent in the relevant languages; or allowing a member nation to avoid the Article by claiming that such discrimination is in fact fair or reasonable;

Concerned by the frequent practice of citing GA #35 as a strong protection against discrimination when its provisions are in fact weak and exploitable, to the point that many members of the World Assembly have openly opposed anti-discrimination laws on the grounds that they are redundant under the ineffective, feel-good mandates of GA #35; and

Clarifying that nearly all of GA #35's intended effects not already mandated by World Assembly law would be effectively replaced by reinstating the protections against hate crime and discrimination based on race and related characteristics;

The World Assembly repeals the Charter of Civil Rights.

Votes For: 8 974 (73.9%)
Votes Against: 3 168 (26.1%)

Implemented Thu 21 Dec 2023

[GA 704 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]