[PASSED] Nuclear Testing Protocol

[Mousebumples]

"Nuclear Testing Protocol"
A resolution to improve world security by boosting police and military budgets.

Category: International Security | Strength: Mild | Proposed by: Jean Pierre Trudeau

The World Assembly,

Confirming the rights of member nations to produce and possess nuclear weapons for offensive and defense purposes,

Concerned that nuclear weapons which are not properly tested have a probability of not functioning as intended, possibly producing far higher yields than predicted,

Also realizing the need for safe and secure testing of nuclear weapons, which seeks to mitigate the damage to the environment and non-participating actors,

Thus resolving to enact a sensible policy that allows for the safe testing of nuclear armaments whilst protecting the environment and its inhabitants,

The General Assembly hereby,

1. Requires members to refrain from testing nuclear weapons in open atmospheres if it could lead to the excessive harmful contamination of the environment, inhabited or agricultural land,
   
   
2. Demands member nations refrain from testing nuclear weapons in a manner which could directly cause harm to civilians or government personnel,
   
   
3. Directs member nations to halt testing nuclear weapons at altitudes which could produce a damaging electromagnetic pulse to non-involved civilian or government facilities, vehicles, and equipment,
   
   
4. Urges member nations to cease high altitude nuclear weapon testing if it has a high probability of creating artificial radiation belts around a planetary body,
   
   
5. Further urges member nations halt testing nuclear weapons in a manner which could lead to harmful damage to civilians, government personnel, or their structures via artificial seismic activity.
   
   
6. Further directs member nations take all necessary security precautions to prevent unauthorized access to nuclear testing sites, materials or confidential data surrounding nuclear tests.
   
   
7. Further demands that member nations classify all information and materials related to nuclear testing as state secrets and prevent this information or material with anyone not authorized to have access to this information,
   
   
8. Empowers the World Health Authority to demand presence at any test with a reasonable probability of producing a nuclear yield to monitor the effects of such test solely in regards to the health of general populace which may be affected.

Co-Authored by: Pharthan

"Nuclear Testing Protocol"
A resolution to improve world security by boosting police and military budgets.

Category: International Security | Strength: Mild | Proposed by: Jean Pierre Trudeau

The World Assembly,

Confirming the rights of member nations to produce and possess nuclear weapons for offensive and defense purposes,

Concerned that nuclear weapons which are not properly tested have a probability of not functioning as intended, possibly producing far higher yields than predicted,

Also realizing the need for safe and secure testing of nuclear weapons, which seeks to mitigate the damage to the environment and non-participating actors,

The General Assembly hereby:

1. Requires nations refrain from testing nuclear weapons in open atmospheres which could lead to the contamination of the environment or harm civilians,
   
   
2. Prohibits nations from testing nuclear weapons at altitudes which could produce a damaging electromagnetic pulse, or create artificial radiation belts around a planet,
   
   
3. Demands member nations take all available security precautions to prevent unauthorized access to nuclear testing sites, materials or data surrounding nuclear tests.

[/list]

Here is the proposed replacement to World Assembly Resolution #119 "Nuclear Testing Safety"

As always comments, concerns, general bitches are always welcome.

[Pharthan]

You need to define "Nuclear Weapon" definitively.

Concerned that nuclear weapons which are not properly tested have a probability of not functioning as intended, possibly producing far higher yields than predicted,

There's some pretty definite math involved.
E=MC^2.
Inaccuracies in predictions usually go down, not up. If you're producing a higher yield than the equation states, you're also somehow creating additional fissile material.

Requires nations refrain from testing nuclear weapons in open atmospheres which could lead to the contamination of the environment or harm civilians,

Every nuclear weapon tested in atmosphere will "contaminate the environment." Recommend at the word "Harmfully contaminate the environment." Contamination will exist, no matter what. It just won't always exist to a degree that will harm the environment considerably.
That, and contamination is the least of your worries.
The giant concussive wave, fireball, and using photons to burn things at close range is a bit bigger of a concern.

Prohibits nations from testing nuclear weapons at altitudes which could produce a damaging electromagnetic pulse, or create artificial radiation belts around a planet,

Should add "harmful" to "artificial radiation belt." Radiation is generically short lived, anyway, I don't see that being a huge concern. EMP, sure.

Here is the proposed replacement to World Assembly Resolution #119 "Nuclear Testing Safety"

If you want to replace something, repeal it first.
That being said, WAR119 is definitely better written.

[Sierra Lyricalia]

Concerned that nuclear weapons which are not properly tested have a probability of not functioning as intended, possibly producing far higher yields than predicted,

There's some pretty definite math involved.
E=MC^2.
Inaccuracies in predictions usually go down, not up. If you're producing a higher yield than the equation states, you're also somehow creating additional fissile material.

All the math in the world won't help you if you make a basic theoretical error. Which has been known to happen on occasion.

[The Dark Star Republic]

If you want to replace something, repeal it first.

They already submitted their repeal.

[Pharthan]

If you want to replace something, repeal it first.

They already submitted their repeal.

Yeah. Saw that afterwards and forgot to come back and edit my post.

All the math in the world won't help you if you make a basic theoretical error. Which has been known to happen on occasion.

The listed equation would have still helped them figure out the maximum possible yield in that scenario. They were betting on the weapon being much more inefficient than it was.

[Jean Pierre Trudeau]

The listed equation would have still helped them figure out the maximum possible yield in that scenario. They were betting on the weapon being much more inefficient than it was.

The reason for the repeal, is because we are not all nuclear physicists, and mathematicians. Resolutions need to be clear and concise, not full of techobabble.

Should add "harmful" to "artificial radiation belt." Radiation is generically short lived, anyway, I don't see that being a huge concern. EMP, sure.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starfish_P ... tereffects

Those radiation belts persist to this day.

There's some pretty definite math involved.
E=MC^2.
naccuracies in predictions usually go down, not up. If you're producing a higher yield than the equation states, you're also somehow creating additional fissile material.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Bra ... high_yield

Or fusion material.

[Imperializt Russia]

The listed equation would have still helped them figure out the maximum possible yield in that scenario. They were betting on the weapon being much more inefficient than it was.

The reason for the repeal, is because we are not all nuclear physicists, and mathematicians. Resolutions need to be clear and concise, not full of techobabble.

They should also be correct.

I can't help but think that your proposal's only introduction to the topic is at best misplaced concern over a non-issue.
I think you will want a better and more relevant body that relates to the effect of the resolution.

The article you have provided for Starfish's radiation belts suggest that it was relatively short-lived, lasting about five years.
The radiation belt was likely not especially dangerous to life, but was electronically crippling to a number of orbiting satellites.

[Jean Pierre Trudeau]

The reason for the repeal, is because we are not all nuclear physicists, and mathematicians. Resolutions need to be clear and concise, not full of techobabble.

They should also be correct.

You show me where anything here is incorrect?

The radiation belt was likely not especially dangerous to life, but was electronically crippling to a number of orbiting satellites.

And how many times have Humans left low earth orbit since? If Humans were to pass through that radiation belt, they would be cooked unless their spacecraft has adequate shielding.

[Imperializt Russia]

The Van Allen belt will cook you even with shielding.

It's not considered a prohibitive issue because you transit it at escape velocity.

[Imperium Anglorum]

And how many times have Humans left low earth orbit since? If Humans were to pass through that radiation belt, they would be cooked unless their spacecraft has adequate shielding.

Spaceships are fast.

[Jean Pierre Trudeau]

The Van Allen belt will cook you even with shielding.

It's not considered a prohibitive issue because you transit it at escape velocity.

And the radiation belts from Starfish Prime has significantly more energy in them, as they are composed of gamma particles that were trapped after detonation. Had it been detonated at a lower altitude, the radiation belt would not have formed.

[Imperializt Russia]

The Van Allen belt will cook you even with shielding.

It's not considered a prohibitive issue because you transit it at escape velocity.

And the radiation belts from Starfish Prime has significantly more energy in them, as they are composed of gamma particles that were trapped after detonation. Had it been detonated at a lower altitude, the radiation belt would not have formed.

Studies in the late 1950s suggested that MeV betas had been trapped in a belt that dissipated some years later.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_ ... lux_values
Business as usual, it appears, but cosmological phenomena is absolutely not my field of expertise.

Beta particles, incidentally, probably will not penetrate spacecraft. Protons, as trapped by the Van Allen belt as cosmic radiation, will and are physically dangerous. The Starfish belt was likely only a threat to electronics. A serious effect, yes, I'll not deny. But a different effect.

[Jean Pierre Trudeau]

And the radiation belts from Starfish Prime has significantly more energy in them, as they are composed of gamma particles that were trapped after detonation. Had it been detonated at a lower altitude, the radiation belt would not have formed.

Studies in the late 1950s suggested that MeV betas had been trapped in a belt that dissipated some years later.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_ ... lux_values
Business as usual, it appears, but cosmological phenomena is absolutely not my field of expertise.

So what they dissipated some years later? That does not change the fact that they did persist for some time, causing what could have been a major issue.

Beta particles, incidentally, probably will not penetrate spacecraft. Protons, as trapped by the Van Allen belt as cosmic radiation, will and are physically dangerous. The Starfish belt was likely only a threat to electronics. A serious effect, yes, I'll not deny. But a different effect.

The Starfish Prime belt was mainly composed of gamma rays, which are highly damaging to biological material. In fact if a gamma ray burst were to contact Earth, it could very likely strip the atmosphere causing an extinction level event. So yeah, they are dangerous.

[Imperium Anglorum]

And the radiation belts from Starfish Prime has [sic] significantly more energy in them, as they are composed of gamma particles that were trapped after detonation.

If your planet's radiation belts consist of gamma-wavelength photons (aka gamma particles), I am quite surprised. That shouldn't happen, because then, it would be a black hole and we should not be hearing you. If you're able to communicate from a black hole, please Sir, get us some quantum data. Perhaps we can solve Brand's equation or something.

[Imperializt Russia]

Studies in the late 1950s suggested that MeV betas had been trapped in a belt that dissipated some years later.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_ ... lux_values
Business as usual, it appears, but cosmological phenomena is absolutely not my field of expertise.

So what they dissipated some years later? That does not change the fact that they did persist for some time, causing what could have been a major issue.

You stated they persisted to this day, which the wikipedia article did not suggest.
Seems like something a wikipedia article would be keen to shout.

[Jean Pierre Trudeau]

And the radiation belts from Starfish Prime has [sic] significantly more energy in them, as they are composed of gamma particles that were trapped after detonation.

If your planet's radiation belts consist of gamma-wavelength photons (aka gamma particles), I am quite surprised. That shouldn't happen, because then, it would be a black hole and we should not be hearing you. If you're able to communicate from a black hole, please Sir, get us some quantum data. Perhaps we can solve Brand's equation or something.

What? Did you even read the comment? Gamma rays are produced via a variety of methods, not just a black hole. In fact Jupiter's magnetosphere has several belts composed almost entirely of gamma rays, yet they have shot radar beams through it many times.

[Jean Pierre Trudeau]

So what they dissipated some years later? That does not change the fact that they did persist for some time, causing what could have been a major issue.

You stated they persisted to this day, which the wikipedia article did not suggest.
Seems like something a wikipedia article would be keen to shout.

They eventually merged with the Van Allen belt. It is common knowledge.

[Imperializt Russia]

If your planet's radiation belts consist of gamma-wavelength photons (aka gamma particles), I am quite surprised. That shouldn't happen, because then, it would be a black hole and we should not be hearing you. If you're able to communicate from a black hole, please Sir, get us some quantum data. Perhaps we can solve Brand's equation or something.

What? Did you even read the comment? Gamma rays are produced via a variety of methods, not just a black hole. In fact Jupiter's magnetosphere has several belts composed almost entirely of gamma rays, yet they have shot radar beams through it many times.

That article makes no mention of either "gamma" or "photon", two terms I would definitely expect to see in an article discussing radiation phenomena involving gamma rays.

He was making a joke of your terminology. I think you were confused, as the Starfish belt was composed of beta particles (electrons), and magnetic fields would likely neither trap nor interact with gamma rays, which are produced by (functionally) massless photons - "particles" of light (packets of energy). A black hole can interact with gammas, however, on account of its incredibly intense gravitational attraction.

[We Are Not the NSA]

If your planet's radiation belts consist of gamma-wavelength photons (aka gamma particles), I am quite surprised. That shouldn't happen, because then, it would be a black hole and we should not be hearing you. If you're able to communicate from a black hole, please Sir, get us some quantum data. Perhaps we can solve Brand's equation or something.

What? Did you even read the comment? Gamma rays are produced via a variety of methods, not just a black hole. In fact Jupiter's magnetosphere has several belts composed almost entirely of gamma rays, yet they have shot radar beams through it many times.

Gamma Rays also originate from pulsars, solar flares, super novas, terrestrial gamma ray burst and even from lightning strikes(although this is quite rare) too.

[Imperium Anglorum]

If your planet's radiation belts consist of gamma-wavelength photons (aka gamma particles), I am quite surprised. That shouldn't happen, because then, it would be a black hole and we should not be hearing you. If you're able to communicate from a black hole, please Sir, get us some quantum data. Perhaps we can solve Brand's equation or something.

What? Did you even read the comment? Gamma rays are produced via a variety of methods, not just a black hole. In fact Jupiter's magnetosphere has several belts composed almost entirely of gamma rays, yet they have shot radar beams through it many times.

I'll give you your physics lesson. Gamma rays are PHOTONS. That means that they travel at the speed of light and are not affected by magnetic forces (the force which causes radiation belts to exist). This means that the only way to get a photon to orbit a gravitational object is to have something which would have an escape velocity faster than light (aka a black hole).

Did you even read my comment? I never stated that gamma-wavelength photons can only be produced by a black hole. In fact, they cannot be produced by a black hole, since Hawking radiation is relatively low-wavelength. Any production of gamma rays be a black hole would be due to an accretion disc.

Oh, and your link? It has nothing to do with gamma rays. Gamma does not even appear in the page. The highest wavelength reported is from the aurorae (which are not part of the radiation belts) and do not have any significant amount of energy output in the gamma-wavelength range.

(functionally) massless photons

They are massless.

[Jean Pierre Trudeau]

What? Did you even read the comment? Gamma rays are produced via a variety of methods, not just a black hole. In fact Jupiter's magnetosphere has several belts composed almost entirely of gamma rays, yet they have shot radar beams through it many times.

That article makes no mention of either "gamma" or "photon", two terms I would definitely expect to see in an article discussing radiation phenomena involving gamma rays.

He was making a joke of your terminology. I think you were confused, as the Starfish belt was composed of beta particles (electrons), and magnetic fields would likely neither trap nor interact with gamma rays, which are produced by (functionally) massless photons - "particles" of light (packets of energy). A black hole can interact with gammas, however, on account of its incredibly intense gravitational attraction.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ar ... tion_belts

[Jean Pierre Trudeau]

What? Did you even read the comment? Gamma rays are produced via a variety of methods, not just a black hole. In fact Jupiter's magnetosphere has several belts composed almost entirely of gamma rays, yet they have shot radar beams through it many times.

I'll give you your physics lesson. Gamma rays are PHOTONS.

Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation, a high energy form of a radio wave. Radio waves are not photons, as they do not produce light, yet they do travel at the speed of light.

[Imperializt Russia]

You stated they persisted to this day, which the wikipedia article did not suggest.
Seems like something a wikipedia article would be keen to shout.

They eventually merged with the Van Allen belt. It is common knowledge.

The article stated that the high-energy belts generated dissipated within five years.

I believe the particles lose energy quite rapidly, the reason the earth still has the Van Allen belt is due to the fact that cosmic irradiation is constant. The particle flux is on the order of millions to billions of particles per square centimetre per second. The irradiation is massive.

I'll give you your physics lesson. Gamma rays are PHOTONS.

Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation, a high energy form of a radio wave. Radio waves are not photons, as they do not produce light, yet they do travel at the speed of light.

All electromagnetic radiation is comprised of photons. Gamma rays are unrelated to radio waves aside from being EM radiation.
The visible spectrum is a part of the EM spectrum of radiation, also comprised of photons.

[Imperializt Russia]

That article makes no mention of either "gamma" or "photon", two terms I would definitely expect to see in an article discussing radiation phenomena involving gamma rays.

He was making a joke of your terminology. I think you were confused, as the Starfish belt was composed of beta particles (electrons), and magnetic fields would likely neither trap nor interact with gamma rays, which are produced by (functionally) massless photons - "particles" of light (packets of energy). A black hole can interact with gammas, however, on account of its incredibly intense gravitational attraction.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ar ... tion_belts

Not sure what you're trying to say, because that backs my assessment.

[Imperium Anglorum]

I'll give you your physics lesson. Gamma rays are PHOTONS.

Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation, a high energy form of a radio wave. Radio waves are not photons, as they do not produce light, yet they do travel at the speed of light.

Oh God, you are completely illiterate in physics.

Wikipedia reports that:
A photon is an elementary particle, the quantum of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation.

Wikipedia reports that:
In physics, a photon is usually denoted by the symbol γ (the Greek letter gamma). This symbol for the photon probably derives from gamma rays, which were discovered in 1900 by Paul Villard, named by Ernest Rutherford in 1903, and shown to be a form of electromagnetic radiation in 1914 by Rutherford and Edward Andrade.

Wikipedia reports that:
During a molecular, atomic or nuclear transition to a lower energy level, photons of various energy will be emitted, from radio waves to gamma rays.

Again, Wikipedia:
Gamma radiation, also known as gamma rays, and denoted by the Greek letter γ, refers to electromagnetic radiation of an extremely high frequency and are therefore high energy photons.

Please do not technobabble about stuff you know nothing about.