Palaimachos Arms Limited Vehicle Catalogue [WIP]

[The Eagleland]

You are kindly requested to post your order in this storefront. Thank you for your attention.

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- EL-35 Main Battle Tank|Unit Cost: NS$10,000,000|Domestic Production Rights Licence Cost: NS$25,000,000,000
- EL-35A1 Main Battle Tank|Unit Cost: NS$12,000,000|Domestic Production Rights Licence Cost: NS$35,000,000,000
- EL-25 Infantry Fighting Vehicle|Unit Cost: NS$6,000,000|Domestic Production Rights Licence Cost: NS$15,000,000,000
- EL-70 Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle|Unit Cost: NS$7,000,000|Domestic Production Rights Licence Cost: NS$20,000,000,000
- EL-45 Self-Propelled Gun|Unit Cost: NS$5,000,000|Domestic Production Rights Licence Cost: NS$10,000,000,000
- EL-86 Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Gun|Unit Cost: NS$8,500,000|Domestic Production Rights Licence Cost: NS$17,000,000,000

[The Eagleland]

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History

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The EL-35 Aetos Main Battle Tank (Greek: Κύριο Άρμα Μάχης EL-35 "Αετός"), referred to as the Eagle MBT, is an Eagleland-made main battle tank (MBT) currently in service with the militaries of the Eagleland and Yohannes. It was designed and built by the Eaglelander company Ipparchos Heavy Industries Ltd. (now a part of the Palaimachos Arms Limited corporation). Highly mobile and extremely powerful, designed for modern armored ground warfare, the EL-35 is well armed and heavily armored.

Notable features include the use of a powerful multifuel engine, the adoption of sophisticated composite armor (inclduing Chobham/Dorchester armor), and an autoloader for quick and efficient reloading. Weighing nearly 70 metric tons, it is one of the heaviest main battle tanks in service. The EL-35 entered service with the Eagleland Army in 2010, replacing older tanks. The tank is also in service in the military of Yohannes, with 1,200 in service. In 2014, the EL-35s of the Eagleland Army were retrofitted to the EL-35A1 standard, designed in late 2013.

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Characteristics

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The GALIX system is installed, which coordinates smoke grenades, anti-personell grenades (for urban combat) and Infra-Red screening rounds, that produce strong heat sources for Anti-Tank missiles and interfere with thermal and infra-red scanners. For protection aganist ATGMs,the Eagle MBT features the SADS (Spheric Active Defense System). It includes an F/G band fire-control radar with four flat-panel antennas mounted on the vehicle, with a 360-degree field of view. When a weapon is fired at the vehicle, the internal computer uses the signal from the incoming weapon and calculates an approach vector. Once the incoming weapon has been identified and its course has been predicted, then the computers calculate the optimal time and angle to fire the neutralizers to intercept the threat at a distance of between 5 to 30 meters from the protected vehicle.

These neutralizers are stored in two rotating launchers installed on the sides of the vehicle. The launchers are normally stowed behind armored plating and only deploy when a threat is detected. The launchers fire the neutralizing agents, which explode in clusters, exactly in front of the threat, delfelcting it, therefore ensuring that it will not cause any serious damage to the vehicle. The system is designed to have a very small kill zone, so as not to endanger troops adjacent to the protected vehicle. Additionally, the system can track and defend against multiple threats from all directions.

The Eagle MBT utilizes a combination of Rolled Homogeneous Armour (RHA), steel encased depleted uranium/titanium alloy and newer generation Chobham/Dorchester armor (the same one used on the Challenger 2 MBT), giving it the ability to endure hits from multiple 120mm projectiles at a range of more than 2.000 meters, as well as enduring multiple Anti-Tank missile and Rocket Prepelled Grenade rounds. This is accomplished with the composition of the armor which causes both shaped charges and kinetic-energy penetrators to be even less effective. Armoured steel must be hard yet impervious to shock in order to resist high velocity metal projectiles, hence the need for RHA as steel with these characteristics is produced by processing cast steel billets of appropriate size and then rolling them into plates of required thickness. Hot rolling homogenizes the grain structure of the steel, removing imperfections which would reduce the strength of the steel. Rolling also elongates the grain structure in the steel to form long lines, which enable the stress under which the steel is placed when loaded to flow throughout the metal, and not be concentrated into one area.

The tank also features a V-shaped hull, to protect it from explosions from mines and other irregular explosives, such as IEDs. The armor's composition is unique, as Chobham/Dorchester armor is capable of defending the tank aganist multiple RPG rounds and anti-tank missiles. Chobham is composed of ceramic tiles encased within a metal matrix and bonded to a backing plate and several elastic layers. Due to the extreme hardness of the ceramics used, they offer superior resistance against shaped charges such as high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds, HESH rounds and kinetic energy penetrators. These ceramic plates are a combination of silicon carbide with a matrix utilising titanium alloy which, however expensive to manufacture, is more durable and more resistant to corrosion.

The tank features Ekrixi Explosive Reactive Armor plates installed on the side of the armor and on the turret, and acts as a fourth layer of armor. ERA armor, such as Ekrixi, use an explosive charge to eliminate (or in most cases, weaken) the threat to the tank. An element of explosive reactive armour consists of a sheet or slab of high explosive sandwiched between two plates, typically metal, called the reactive or dynamic elements. On attack by a penetrating weapon, the explosive detonates, forcibly driving the metal plates apart to damage the penetrator. Against a shaped charge, the projected plates disrupt the metallic jet penetrator, effectively providing a greater path-length of material to be penetrated. Against a long rod penetrator, the projected plates serve to deflect and break up the rod.

The disruption is attributed to two mechanisms. First, the moving plates change the effective velocity and angle of impact of the shaped charge jet, reducing the angle of incidence and increasing the effective jet velocity versus the plate element. Second, since the plates are angled compared to the usual impact direction of shaped charge warheads, as the plates move outwards the impact point on the plate moves over time, requiring the jet to cut through fresh plate material. This second effect significantly increases the effective plate thickness during the impact. The explosion generated by that reaction is enough to weaken or sometimes destroy the threat posed to the vehicle, but nearby infantry is also in danger, as the explosion produces sharpnel, therefore dismounted infantry units are instructed to keep their distance from EL-35's equipped with Ekrixi ERA.

In case a fire breaks out inside the vehicle, the Eagle MBT's Saviour fire extinguishing system is designed to be activated in no more than 2 miliseconds of the fire outbreak, and can extinguish it winthin 300 miliseconds. When operating in NBC environments,the "Protector" system can be activated. This seals all possible points of entry of radiation, or biological and chemical substances, excluding the cannon and all machineguns/autocannons installed. If the unit has to fight in those environments, they do not have to deactivate the "Protector" system.

The tank is propelled by the Souvlaki Industries Type 78 32 Litre Engine which produces 1.500 Kw at 2.600 rpm. This engine is designed to provide both a range of 500 Kilometers and be fast enough to outmaneuver enemy vehicles. However, powerful engines produce a lot of heat, something which enables easy identification by technologically advanced adversaries. To sole this problem, a specialised heat supression system is installed.

A rundown on how the heat supression system works: the air inside the engine is hot, while the one around the tank is usually cooler. Without the heat supression system, the exhaust brings out the hot air, therefore creating heat signatures which help technologically advanced adversaries identify the tank's location simply by this signature. However, the heat supression system mixes both the hot air inside the engine with the cooler one coming out of the tank. Therefore, the air coming out of the tank is significantly cooler than in normal circumstances, thus decreasing the chance that the tank will be detetced by its heat signature.

The EL-35 is also equipped with Hydropneumatic suspsension and the Souvlaki Industries Type 82 transmission, with 4 foward and 2 reverse gears. The Type 97 Auxiliary Power Unit is also installed in the rear right section of the hull, to provide electrical power when stationary, without the high fuel consumption and large infrared signature caused by running the main engine.

The Eagle MBT is equipped with a new cannon, designated as Type 7 Cannon - 140mm L50 smoothbore cannon. Rounds fired from the Type 7 cannon are propelled from Electrothermal-Chemical (ETC) ignition systems. The ETC ignition is provided by a flashboard large area emitter (FLARE), which works by vaporizing and ionizing short gaps between metal diamonds (such as copper) over long strings. A return conductor drives the created plasma towards a vacuum, which is ideally towards the propellant of the round. The solid propellant is catalyzed by a mix of the plasma and heat radiation, convection and conduction.

Apart from the Type 7 cannon,the Eagle MBT utilises the Type 56 15.5mm coaxial heavy machinegun, mounted on the left of the cannon. Additionally, the Eagle MBT can mount the Type 29 30mm Autocannon on the rear of the right hatch. The gun can be opeated from inside the tank, without having to manually operate it from the outside (which is very dangerous) with the Type 2 Remotely Operated Weapon Utilisation System (ROWUS). The weapon is still mounted outside the vehicle, but it is operated by the commander from inside the tank.

But for remotely operated weapons, the how to remain accurate when the vehicle is on the move has proven to be a problem for designers. To solve it, 3 seperate stabilisers use gyroscopes for stabilisation, while electro-optic scopes are used to relay the data back to the system at the speed of light. This instantanious feedback means that ROWUS can stay locked on its target, no matter what the vehicle does or how much recoil there is from the weapon. Highly sophisticated digital software even analyses the image,to give the operator an early warning of danger. In addition, on the left hatch there is an additional Model 105 Heavy Machinegun, which can be used in case the ROWUS operated weapon malfunctions. This can be replaced by other 12.7mm or even 14mm Heavy Machineguns by the export client, whether during the production phase or in the field.

The electronically powered Type 450 turret on the personnel variant accommodates the commander on the right and gunner on the left, a fire control system and the main and coaxial weapons. Primary Armament includes the Type 07 140mm L50 cannon, which can fire the following types of ammunition:

• APFSDS-Armor Piercing Fin Stabilised Discarding Sabot: APFSDS rounds, like bullets, use kinetic energy to penetrate the intended target. It is in fact,a narrow metal dart, covered by a discarding sabot. The sabot, the primer and the round do not take up much space, therefore the amount of the propellant inside the round is increased. When the round is fired, the covering sabot is discarded from the round,and the round accelerates, gaining Kinetic Energy. All that energy is then concentrated into a single spot on the enemy armor, achieving penetration at an effective range of 6 Kilometers.
• DU-APFSDS-Depleted Uranium Armor Piercing Fin Stabilised Discarding Sabot: DU-APFSDS rounds are variants of APFSDS rounds, designed for better penetration of armor.The penetrator is covered with Depleted Uranium,and when the round is fired,and the sabot discarded, the DU helps by reducing the resistance of the impact, achieving better penetration. Effective range is at 6 Kilometers.
• HEAT-High Explosive Anti Tank: HEAT rounds use an explosive charge to penetrate armor. When the projectile hits the target, the hot,molten copper is compressed into a narrow jet that penetrates the armor of light armored vehicles, and can eliminate unarmored vehicles with ease. Effective Range is at 1.000 meters.
• APAM-Anti Personnel/Anti Materiel: APAM is a round designed to engage infantry squads equipped with anti-tank weapons. In addition to dismounted infantrymen, the APAM round can engage light armored vehicles, targets protected by 50.8 cm of reinforced concrete, bunkers of sand and timber construction,as well as hovering helicopters. Following an overhead attack trajectory, the round dispenses six submunitions which shower lethal fragments over an area of 50 meters long per 20 meters wide to engage exposed infatry and helicopters. To attack bunkers, vehicles and fortifications, the APAM is fired as an unitary round. Effective range is at 3 Kilometers.
• RTR-Rubber Training Round: The RTR round is used in training. Though it is propelled like a normal round, and does obtain some kinetic energy, the round bounces off target when impact with hard surfaces. Effective Range is at 1.5 Kilometers.
• ATM-Anti Tank Missile: The EL-35 can fire a variety of anti-tank missiles that have a diametre of 140 milimetres. Effective range varies from missile to missile.

To load a round into the barrel of the cannon, a turret-bustle mounted type autoloader, designated as theType 5 autoloader is used. Rounds are stored on a conveyer-belt type chain inside a bustle behind fighting compartment of the turret. The commander or gunner selects the type of round, the belt turns and aligns the correct round to the loading window. The gun returns to its loading angle (vertically), the round is released and is pushed/pulled into the breach by a loading rod/hook. The breach then locks and the gun is ready to fire. The autoloader usually has the ability to memorise the sequence of type of rounds inside the bustle and allows rapid fire of rounds of the same type.

Each of the 39 rounds stored in the tank has a barcode printed on them.There is a scanner in the loader that scans each shell,giving information about its type, and hence ammunitions can be loaded in random order and the autoloader will be able to remember which round is which, meaning that ammunition anomalies can be detected.

Certain advantages of this autoloading mechanism are:

• The simplicity of the design makes it less prone to a possible failure.
• The ammunition storage area is separated from the crew compartment by armoured bulkheads and if pressure venting blow-out top plates are also fitted then dangers to crews in case of ammunition cook-off by penetration can be minimised.
• The ammunition is always behind the thick turret front, and since during combat even when the enemy engages from the side, the turret can turn facing the enemy much faster than the whole tank.

This design also allows for the rapid replacement of the autoloader and reloading of the ready ammunition by making the compartment at the rear of the turret a modular component that can be easily replaced with appropriate support equipment, similar to how the US M270 MLRS system is reloaded.

This autoloader reduces reload time to 3 seconds and the ammunition is seperated from the crew by an armored blowout bulkhead, increasing the survivability of the crew.Horizontal ammunition arrangement in the turret bustle permits using longer and therefore, more powerful rounds.

Anti-Tank or Anti-Air missiles can also be fixed on either side of the turret, which are cased and can be fired at will.

The 3-man crew (driver,tank gunner,commander) is seated inside the hull of the tank. A specialised cantine is designed to provide enough water and snacks for 72 hours of combat operations. Each crewman has 6 LCD screens providing data over the integrated combat network. Plus, exterior high-resolution cameras with light-intensification sensors, infrared cameras,an infrared laser rangefinder, and an integrated Electronic Support Measures (ESM) array, are all included with the tank and give a 360 degree picture of the surrounding area.

The Defender Countermeasures system is designed to disrupt laser target designation and rangefinders of an incoming ATGM. The Defender includes a laser warning package that warns the tank crew when it is being lased and an optical-electric jammer, for diverting any guided ATGM away from its original target. Additionally,there is a grenade discharging system which produces an aerosol smoke screen for covering the vehicle in tense situations, along with a computerized control system to coordinate the vehicle's SADS active defense system (described in the Armour and Protection section), for intercepting any Anti Tank weapons The Defender Countermeasures system fails to intercept, like RPG rounds.

The Type 55 FINDERS Multi-Sensor Target Aquisition system allows the tank crew to easily identify and track down up to 7 targets of their choice, using equipped sensors and existing intelligence. The Type 70 Based Fire Control System is equipped with the Type 87 Fire Control Radar, capable of tracking down enemy forces that fired ballistic rounds, by tracing back the trajectories to their source, and producing the enemies' coordinates. Protection against electromagnetic interference and EMP attack is provided by the use of fiber optic cabling and circuitry composed of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) where possible. Additional protections are provided by utilization of antennas and power connections with surge protectors designed specifically to defend against EMP attack and the crew area is coated with a conductive coating. A grounding chain is connected to the rear of the vehicle.

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Specifications

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-Name: EL-35
-Type: Main Battle Tank
-Country of Origin: The Eagleland

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-Designer: Marios Ipparchou
-Designed: 2007-2010
-Manufacturer: Palaimachos Arms (as of 2013)
-Produced: 2010 - Present
-Number built: 151,200

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-Weight: 70 tons
Length: 12.57 m (total), 7.00 m (gun), 5.50 m (gun forward), 7.07 m (hull)
-Width: 3.95 m
-Height: 2.46 m
-Crew: 3
-Armor: Chobham/Dorchester II, RH armor, steel encased depleted uranium mesh plating
-Main armament: Type 7 L55 140mm cannon (39 rounds)
-Secondary armament: 1x ROWUS-operated Type 29 30mm Autocannon (1,200 rounds), 1x 15.5mm caseless coaxial Machinegun (1,500 rounds), 1x Coaxial 30mm Autcannon (1,500 rounds)
-Engine: Souvlaki Industries Type 78 12-cylinder Multifuel 32 Litre engine, 1,500 kW
-Power/weight: 21,42 Kw/t
-Transmission: Hydro-mechanical control, reversing and steering gear Souvlaki Industries Type 82 with combined hydrodynamic mechanical service brake, 4 forward, 2 reverse gears
-Suspension: Hydropneumatic suspension
-Ground clearance: 0.44 m
-Fuel capacity: 1,200 litres
-Operational range: 500 kilometers (with internal fuel)
-Speed: 74 km/h (onroad), 48 km/h (offroad)

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Export Policy

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Currently, as of December 2013, Palaimachos Arms Limited offers the EL-35 Main Battle Tank to civilian and military customers at the cost of ten million NationStates Dollars per unit (NS$10,000,000). Domestic Production Rights Licences are available for one twenty-five billion NS Dollars and are indefinite (NS$25,000,000,000). Produced vehicles and Domestic Production Rights may not be re-sold to other foreign entities or states or subjects without authorisation from Palaimachos Arms Limited.

[The Eagleland]

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History

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The EL-35A1 Aetos Main Battle Tank (Greek: Κύριο Άρμα Μάχης EL-35A1 "Αετός"), referred to as the Eagle MBT Mk.II or simply as the Mk.II, is an Eagleland-made main battle tank (MBT) currently in service with the Eagleland Army. It was designed and built by the Eaglelander company Ipparchos Heavy Industries Ltd. (now a part of the Palaimachos Arms Limited corporation), in a commission by the Eagleland Ministry of National Defence. The commission delivered in a very short period of time a tank which retains many of the characteristics of the old tank, however improves on the old and outmodded ones, on close examination of foreign Main Battle Tanks and, in particular, Lyran LY4 family of Main Battle Tanks, whose technology received close examination by the design staff. By the turn of the year 2014, all of the Eagleland Army's EL-35s have been converted to the EL-35A1 standard.

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Characteristics

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In September 2013, the Eagleland Ministry of National Defence decided that the EL-35 required a significant upgrade. Palaimachos Arms Limited were commissioned to enhance the EL-35 platform, in the so-called EL-35A1 Main Battle Tank, which, although designed for combat in the Eagleland, had proven itself during Operation Recompense in the Pudite Empire. The EL-35A1's electronics suite, powerplant and and several features were all to be upgraded under this commission.

The most important aspect of this modernisation project is the introduction of Adaptiv plates. Adaptiv is an active camouflage technology developed by BAE Systems AB to protect military vehicles from detection by near infrared night vision devices. It consists of an array of hexagonal Peltier plates which can be rapidly heated and cooled to form any desired image, such as of the natural background or of a non-target object. Peltier cooling plates take advantage of what is known as the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials. This effect is commonly used for cooling electronic components and small instruments. There are no moving parts and such a device is maintenance-free. In such a way, these plates can either conceal or mask the infrared identity of the tank with other objects. Adaptiv plates are placed inside the main armour, so that the process of the conduction of heat will transfer that new heat signature to the rest of the vehicle.

The EL-35A1's electronics suite is managed by the OPSIS System. OPSIS stands for OPerational SItiuational awarenesS system, and centralises all electronic systems of the vehicle in one platform, effectively providing the commander not only with a fully-networked system, centralising and, in turn, collectively monitoring all electronics systems in one platform, but also allowing him to share information through networking with friendly or allied forces. It also coordinates the commander with the gunner effectively, giving the commander the ability to immediately provide orders to his gunner without gauging what the latter sees, and the OPSIS System effectively coordinates the Autoloading mechanism as well, allowing the commander to select rounds through the touch of a button. This provides a total management of the vehicle in all conditions.

The powerplant and mobility features of the EL-35 has been upgraded. Firstly, the original Souvlaki Industries engine has been replaced with a Machtis Tupe 7000 Engine, a hybrid-electric opposing-piston, multifuel hyperbar engine, generating 1,800 kW at 3500 rpm. This powerplant upgrade provides the EL-35A1 with superior speed and power-to-weight ratio compared to the original EL-35; ninety kilometres per hour on road and sixty-eight kilometres per hour off-road. It also provides the EL-35A1 with a range of 700 kilometres, instead of the original 500. Secondly, the tracks are made of Titanium and are skirted because, on the one hand, Titanium is lighter and more durable than steel and, on the other, skirted tracks reduce debris and, in turn, the "footprint" of the tank, whilst being more resilient to damages caused in the heat of battle. Whilst coated with resilin padding, the vehicle's acoustic signature is further reduced and so is the vehicle's 'footprint', albeit for a smaller period of time than the regular titanium tracks.

The Type 7000 engine works as follows: The supercharger takes in the fuel-air mixture, compresses it and pushes it into the airbox. From here it reaches the crank housings. On the outlet side it cools the thermically high loaded piston. After ignition the pistons move outwards, performing the power stroke. At first, the outlet piston opens its slots in the cylinder. The remaining pressure accelerates the gas column towards the exhaust. Then the other piston opens the inlet slots. The pressurized fresh mixture pushes the remaining waste gas out. While the inlet is still opened, the outlet is closed. The supercharger forces additional gas into the cylinder until the inlet slots are closed by the piston. Then the compression stroke starts and the cycle repeats. Furthermore, banks of lithium ion polymer batteries, with a very high energy density, are installed in the opposing piston format. These batteries are recharged from the main engine during normal operation, but lend current and endurance to the vehicle's systems.

Through the OPSIS System, every feature of the Type 7000 Engine is monitored by the commander. The temperature of each and every individual segment of the engine, all stresses and/or damages on the engine parts, the level of fuel remaining, the parts that are to be replaced or are under maintenances, as well as the heat supression system on the exhaust, are all monitored and data is sent to the commander for a constant, 24/7 review of the engine's condition. The OPSIS system also reviews the exhaust system's condition, the autoloading mechanism and, of course, the state of the electronics of the LCD Screens inside the tank, as well as the a Spheric Missile Weapons Detection Unit (or SMWDU), which attaches on a mast to the rear of a vehicle and uses an array of seven small microphone sensors. OPSIS also coordinates the active defence systems of the EL-35A1.

The SMWDU's sensors detect and measure both the muzzle blast and the supersonic shock wave from a speeding projectile as it zips through the air above the speed of sound. Each microphone picks up the sound waves at slightly different times. The SMWDU system then uses sophisticated algorithms to compute what direction a bullet is coming from, and how high above the ground and how far away the shooter is, all in less than one second. Users receive simultaneous visual and auditory information on the point of fire on a dash mounted display and integrated speakers. For example, if someone is firing from the rear, the system tells the user "Projectile, 6 o'clock", an LED lights up at the 6 o'clock position, and the computer tells the user the shooter's range, elevation, and azimuth. That system works in extreme weather conditions, in the open field and in urban environments, whether static or moving.

Enhancements were made to it's sensor suite and optics as well. The commander has a panoramic SAGEM VS 580-10 gyrostabilised sight with laser rangefinder. Elevation range is +35° to −35°. The commander's station is equipped with eight periscopes for 360° vision. The Thermal Observation and Gunnery Sight II (TOGS II), from Thales, provides night vision. The thermal image is displayed on both the gunner's and commander's sights and monitors. The gunner has a stabilised primary sight using a laser rangefinder with a range of 200 m to 10,000 m. The driver's position is equipped with a Thales Optronics image-intensifying Passive Driving Periscope (PDP) for night driving and a rear view thermal camera.

The Type 7 140mm L50 Cannon has also been replaced with the Type 8 140mm L50 Cannon. Made of Titanium, it is lighter than it's predecessor. Also, flash compensator is added to reduce recoil and the muzzle flash of the cannon, and the laser emitter's role has been upgraded as an essential role to the Type 8970 FCS system. The Type 8970 advanced Fire Control System (FCS) is linked to a millimeter band radar system deployed on the frontal arc of the turret, along with a traditional laser range-finder and crosswind sensor. The system is capable of a "lock-on" mode, which can acquire and track specific targets up to a range of 9.8 km using thermal optics. This allows the crew to fire accurately while moving as well as effectively engage low-flying aircraft such as helicopters. The FCS is also linked to an advanced gun stabilizer and trigger-delay mechanism to optimise accuracy while moving in uneven terrain. Should the trigger on the main gun be pulled at the moment the tank encounters an irregularity in the terrain, oscillation of the gun barrel will cause temporary misalignment between a laser emitter at the top of the barrel and a sensor at the base. This will delay the FCS from activating until the beam is re-aligned, improving the chances of hitting the intended target.

The EL-35A1 is also optimised for the Type 980 Intelligent Top Attack Munition (ITAM). ITAM is a fire-and-forget, top-attack anti-tank munition with an effective operating range of 10 km, developed specifically for use with the EL-35A1. It is launched as a kinetic energy projectile, fired from the main gun in a high trajectory profile comparable to that of a mortar. Upon reaching its designated target area, a parachute deploys, giving onboard millimeter band radar, IR and radiometer sensors time to seek and acquire stationary or moving targets. When a target is acquired, an explosively formed penetrator is fired from a top-down position, to exploit the weaker top armor of tanks. Target acquisition can also be directed manually by the tank crew via a remote-link. These characteristics allow the launch vehicle to remain concealed behind cover while firing successive rounds towards the known location of an enemy, or provide effective indirect fire support against targets hidden behind obstacles and structures.

Additionally, the ROWUS-operated weapon is placed in a higher position on the tank, for enhanced view of the battlefield. The EL-35 has also been upgraded with an enhanced round capacity (42 rounds instead of the original 39) and improved crew survivability with a Dyneema layer protecting the crew bulkhead and ammunition storage, as well as an enhanced endurance against Electromagnetic interference via the exclusive utilisation of fibre-optic cables. Every other characteristic of the EL-35, including the composition of armour, the GALIX system, the SADS Active Defence System, the Saviour fire extinguisher system, it's cannon and ammunition and it's firing mechanism et cetera remain unaltered in the new EL-35A1.

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Specifications

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-Name: EL-35A1
-Type: Main Battle Tank
-Country of Origin: The Eagleland

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-Designer: Marios Ipparchou
-Designed: 2007-2010
-Manufacturer: Palaimachos Arms (as of 2013)
-Produced: 2010 - Present
-Number built: None; 150,000 EL-35 tanks of the Eagleland Army upgraded to the EL-35A1 Standard

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-Weight: 75 tons
Length: 12.57 m (total), 7.00 m (gun), 5.50 m (gun forward), 7.07 m (hull)
-Width: 3.95 m
-Height: 2.46 m
-Crew: 3
-Armor: Chobham/Dorchester II, RH armor, steel encased depleted uranium mesh plating
-Main armament: Type 7 L55 140mm cannon (42 rounds)
-Secondary armament: 1x ROWUS-operated Type 29 30mm Autocannon (1,200 rounds), 1x 15.5mm caseless coaxial Machinegun (2,500 rounds), 1x Coaxial 30mm Autcannon (1,500 rounds)
-Engine: Machtis Tupe 7000 Engine, hybrid-electric, opposing-piston, multi-fuel, hyperbar engine, 1,800 kW @3500 rpm
-Power/weight: 24 Kw/t
-Transmission: Hydro-mechanical control, reversing and steering gear Souvlaki Industries Type 82 with combined hydrodynamic mechanical service brake, 4 forward, 2 reverse gears
-Suspension: Hydropneumatic suspension
-Ground clearance: 0.44 m
-Fuel capacity: 1,200 litres
-Operational range: 700 kilometers (with internal fuel)
-Speed: 90 km/h (onroad), 68 km/h (offroad)

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Export Policy

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Currently, as of December 2013, Palaimachos Arms Limited offers the EL-35A1 Main Battle Tank to civilian and military customers at the cost of twelve million NationStates Dollars per unit (NS$12,000,000). Domestic Production Rights Licences are available for one thirty-five billion NS Dollars and are indefinite (NS$35,000,000,000). Produced vehicles and Domestic Production Rights may not be re-sold to other foreign entities or states or subjects without authorisation from Palaimachos Arms Limited.

[The Eagleland]

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History

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The EL-25 Infantry Fighting Vehicle (Greek: ΤΟΜΑ EL-25), is an Eagleland-made Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV) currently in service with the Eagleland Army. It was designed and built by the Eaglelander company Ipparchos Heavy Industries Ltd. (now a part of the Palaimachos Arms Limited corporation). Highly mobile and extremely powerful, designed for modern armored ground warfare, the EL-25 is well armed and heavily armored. Notable features include the use of Adaptiv Plates and AMAP Composite Armour (utilising Aluminum/Titanium Alloy).

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Characteristics

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The GALIX system is installed, which coordinates smoke grenades, anti-personnel grenades (for urban combat) and Infra-Red screening rounds, that produce strong heat sources for Anti-Tank missiles and interfere with thermal and infra-red scanners. For protection against ATGMs, the EL-25 features the SADS (Spheric Active Defense System). It includes an F/G band fire-control radar with four flat-panel antennas mounted on the vehicle, with a 360-degree field of view. When a weapon is fired at the vehicle, the internal computer uses the signal from the incoming weapon and calculates an approach vector. Once the incoming weapon has been identified and its course has been predicted, then the computers calculate the optimal time and angle to fire the neutralizers to intercept the threat at a distance of between 5 to 30 meters from the protected vehicle.

These neutralizers are stored in two rotating launchers installed on the sides of the vehicle. The launchers are normally stowed behind armored plating and only deploy when a threat is detected. The launchers fire the neutralizing agents, which explode in clusters, exactly in front of the threat, delfelcting it, therefore ensuring that it will not cause any serious damage to the vehicle. The system is designed to have a very small kill zone, so as not to endanger troops adjacent to the protected vehicle. Additionally, the system can track and defend against multiple threats from all directions.

The EL-25 IFV makes effective use of Advanced Modular Armor Protection plates, or AMAP. AMAP is making use of new advanced steel alloys, Aluminium-Titanium alloys, nanometric steels, ceramics and nano-ceramics. The new high-hardened steel needs 30% less thickness to offer the same protection level as ARMOX500Z High Hard Armour steel. While Titanium requires only 58% as much weight as rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) for reaching the same level of protection, Mat 7720 new, a newly developed Aluminium-Titanium alloy, needs only 38% of the weight. That means that this alloy is more than twice as protective as RHA of the same weight. AMAP is also making use of new nano-ceramics, which are harder and lighter than current ceramics, while having multi-hit capability. Furthermore the higher fracture toughness increases the general multi-hit capability. Furthermore AMAP's glue and lining components are working efficiently even at high temperatures (like 80 °C). The vehicle also features a V-shaped hull, to protect it from explosions from mines and other irregular explosives, such as IEDs.

The IFV features Ekrixi Explosive Reactive Armor plates installed on the side of the armor and on the turret, and acts as a fourth layer of armor. ERA armor, such as Ekrixi, use an explosive charge to eliminate (or in most cases, weaken) the threat to the tank. An element of explosive reactive armour consists of a sheet or slab of high explosive sandwiched between two plates, typically metal, called the reactive or dynamic elements. On attack by a penetrating weapon, the explosive detonates, forcibly driving the metal plates apart to damage the penetrator. Against a shaped charge, the projected plates disrupt the metallic jet penetrator, effectively providing a greater path-length of material to be penetrated. Against a long rod penetrator, the projected plates serve to deflect and break up the rod.

The disruption is attributed to two mechanisms. First, the moving plates change the effective velocity and angle of impact of the shaped charge jet, reducing the angle of incidence and increasing the effective jet velocity versus the plate element. Second, since the plates are angled compared to the usual impact direction of shaped charge warheads, as the plates move outwards the impact point on the plate moves over time, requiring the jet to cut through fresh plate material. This second effect significantly increases the effective plate thickness during the impact. The explosion generated by that reaction is enough to weaken or sometimes destroy the threat posed to the vehicle, but nearby infantry is also in danger, as the explosion produces sharpnel, therefore dismounted infantry units are instructed to keep their distance from EL-25's equipped with Ekrixi ERA.

In case a fire breaks out inside the vehicle, the EL-25's Saviour fire extinguishing system is designed to be activated in no more than 2 miliseconds of the fire outbreak, and can extinguish it winthin 300 miliseconds. When operating in NBC environments,the "Protector" system can be activated. This seals all possible points of entry of radiation, or biological and chemical substances, excluding the cannon and all machineguns/autocannons installed. If the unit has to fight in those environments, they do not have to deactivate the "Protector" system.

The tank is propelled by the MTU V10 892 diesel engine, which produces 800 Kw at 4.250 rpm. This engine is designed to provide both a range of 600 Kilometers and be fast enough to outmaneuver enemy vehicles. However, powerful engines produce a lot of heat, something which enables easy identification by technologically advanced adversaries. To sole this problem, a specialised heat supression system is installed.

A rundown on how the heat supression system works: the air inside the engine is hot, while the one around the tank is usually cooler. Without the heat supression system, the exhaust brings out the hot air, therefore creating heat signatures which help technologically advanced adversaries identify the tank's location simply by this signature. However, the heat supression system mixes both the hot air inside the engine with the cooler one coming out of the tank. Therefore, the air coming out of the tank is significantly cooler than in normal circumstances, thus decreasing the chance that the tank will be detetced by its heat signature.

The EL-25 is also equipped with Hydropneumatic suspsension and the Souvlaki Industries Type 82 transmission, with 4 foward and 2 reverse gears. The Type 97 Auxiliary Power Unit is also installed in the rear right section of the hull, to provide electrical power when stationary, without the high fuel consumption and large infrared signature caused by running the main engine.

The Type 907 40mm Autocannon is used as the vehicle's main armament. This is a chain-fed autocannon that does not depend on gas or recoil to actuate its firing system. Instead, it uses a 0.75 kW DC motor, positioned in the receiver, to drive the chain and dual-feed system. This system uses sprockets and extractor grooves to feed, load, fire, extract, and eject rounds. A system of clutches provides for an alternate sprocket to engage and thus allows the gunner to switch between armor piercing and high explosive rounds instantaneously. The Cannon can fire in semi, fully automatic or three-round-burst modes.

Apart from the Type 7 cannon,the EL-25 utilises the Type 56 15.5mm coaxial heavy machinegun, mounted on the left of the cannon. Additionally, the EL-25 can mount the Type 29 30mm Autocannon on the rear of the right hatch. The gun can be opeated from inside the tank, without having to manually operate it from the outside (which is very dangerous) with the Type 2 Remotely Operated Weapon Utilisation System (ROWUS). The weapon is still mounted outside the vehicle, but it is operated by the commander from inside the tank.

But for remotely operated weapons, the how to remain accurate when the vehicle is on the move has proven to be a problem for designers. To solve it, 3 seperate stabilisers use gyroscopes for stabilisation, while electro-optic scopes are used to relay the data back to the system at the speed of light. This instantanious feedback means that ROWUS can stay locked on its target, no matter what the vehicle does or how much recoil there is from the weapon. Highly sophisticated digital software even analyses the image,to give the operator an early warning of danger. Anti-Tank or Anti-Air missiles can also be fixed on either side of the turret, which are cased and can be fired at will.

The 3-man crew (driver,tank gunner,commander), alongside the seven, fully-equipped soldiers, are seated inside the hull of the tank. A specialised canteen is designed to provide enough water and snacks for 72 hours of combat operations for the crew. Each crewman has 6 LCD screens providing data over the integrated combat network. Plus, exterior high-resolution cameras with light-intensification sensors, infrared cameras,an infrared laser rangefinder, and an integrated Electronic Support Measures (ESM) array, are all included with the tank and give a 360 degree picture of the surrounding area.

The Defender Countermeasures system is designed to disrupt laser target designation and rangefinders of an incoming ATGM. The Defender includes a laser warning package that warns the tank crew when it is being lased and an optical-electric jammer, for diverting any guided ATGM away from its original target. Additionally,there is a grenade discharging system which produces an aerosol smoke screen for covering the vehicle in tense situations, along with a computerized control system to coordinate the vehicle's SADS active defense system (described in the Armour and Protection section), for intercepting any Anti Tank weapons The Defender Countermeasures system fails to intercept, like RPG rounds.

The Type 55 FINDERS Multi-Sensor Target Aquisition system allows the tank crew to easily identify and track down up to 7 targets of their choice, using equipped sensors and existing intelligence. The Type 70 Based Fire Control System is equipped with the Type 87 Fire Control Radar, capable of tracking down enemy forces that fired ballistic rounds, by tracing back the trajectories to their source, and producing the enemies' coordinates. Protection against electromagnetic interference and EMP attack is provided by the use of fiber optic cabling and circuitry composed of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) where possible. Additional protections are provided by utilization of antennas and power connections with surge protectors designed specifically to defend against EMP attack and the crew area is coated with a conductive coating. A grounding chain is connected to the rear of the vehicle.

The EL-25 IFV also makes extensive use of Adaptiv plates. Adaptiv is an active camouflage technology developed by BAE Systems AB to protect military vehicles from detection by near infrared night vision devices. It consists of an array of hexagonal Peltier plates which can be rapidly heated and cooled to form any desired image, such as of the natural background or of a non-target object. Peltier cooling plates take advantage of what is known as the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials. This effect is commonly used for cooling electronic components and small instruments. There are no moving parts and such a device is maintenance-free. In such a way, these plates can either conceal or mask the infrared identity of the vehicle with other objects. Adaptiv plates are placed inside the main armour, so that the process of the conduction of heat will transfer that new heat signature to the rest of the vehicle.

---

Specifications

---

-Name: EL-25
-Type: Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle
-Country of Origin: The Eagleland

---

-Designer: Marios Ipparchou
-Designed: 2007-2010
-Manufacturer: Palaimachos Arms (as of 2013)
-Produced: 2010 - Present
-Number built: 250,000

---

-Weight: 35 tons
-Length: 7.67 m
-Width: 3.66 m
-Height: 3.28 m
-Crew: 3+7
-Armor: AMAP Composite Armour (Aluminum/Titanium Alloy), Ekriksi ERA Armour
-Main armament: Type 907 40mm Autocannon (1,500 rounds)
-Secondary armament: 1x ROWUS-operated Type 29 30mm Autocannon (1,200 rounds), 1x 15.5mm caseless coaxial Machinegun (1,500 rounds)
-Engine: MTU V10 892 diesel engine (800 kW)
-Power/weight: 22.8 Kw/t
-Transmission: Hydro-mechanical control, reversing and steering gear Souvlaki Industries Type 82 with combined hydrodynamic mechanical service brake, 4 forward, 2 reverse gears
-Suspension: Hydropneumatic suspension
-Ground clearance: 0.5 m
-Fuel capacity: 1,230 litres
-Operational range: 600 kilometres
-Speed: 70 km/h (onroad), 44 km/h (offroad)

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Export Policy

---

Currently, as of December 2013, Palaimachos Arms Limited offers the EL-25 Infantry Fighting Vehicle to military customers at the cost of six million NationStates Dollars per unit (NS$6,000,000). Domestic Production Rights Licences are available for fifteen billion NS Dollars and are indefinite (NS$15,000,000,000). Produced vehicles and Domestic Production Rights may not be re-sold to other foreign entities or states or subjects without authorisation from Palaimachos Arms Limited.

[The Eagleland]

---

History

---

The EL-70 Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (Greek: TEOMA EL-70), is an Eagleland-made expeditionary fighting vehicle (EFV) currently in service with the Eagleland Marine Forces. It was designed and built by the Eaglelander company Ipparchos Heavy Industries Ltd. (now a part of the Palaimachos Arms Limited corporation), in a commission by the Ministry of National Defence of the Eagleland, with the intent and purpose of providing the Marine Forces with a new EFV to replace the ageing AAPV7A1s in service. The EL-70 EFV has been completed in 2010 and has since formed the mainstray of Eaglelander Amphibious Operations.

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Characteristics

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The GALIX system is installed, which coordinates smoke grenades, anti-personnel grenades (for urban combat) and Infra-Red screening rounds, that produce strong heat sources for Anti-Tank missiles and interfere with thermal and infra-red scanners. For protection against ATGMs, the EL-70 features the SADS (Spheric Active Defense System). It includes an F/G band fire-control radar with four flat-panel antennas mounted on the vehicle, with a 360-degree field of view. When a weapon is fired at the vehicle, the internal computer uses the signal from the incoming weapon and calculates an approach vector. Once the incoming weapon has been identified and its course has been predicted, then the computers calculate the optimal time and angle to fire the neutralizers to intercept the threat at a distance of between 5 to 30 meters from the protected vehicle.

These neutralizers are stored in two rotating launchers installed on the sides of the vehicle. The launchers are normally stowed behind armored plating and only deploy when a threat is detected. The launchers fire the neutralizing agents, which explode in clusters, exactly in front of the threat, delfelcting it, therefore ensuring that it will not cause any serious damage to the vehicle. The system is designed to have a very small kill zone, so as not to endanger troops adjacent to the protected vehicle. Additionally, the system can track and defend against multiple threats from all directions.

The EL-70 EFV makes effective use of Advanced Modular Armor Protection plates, or AMAP. AMAP is making use of new advanced steel alloys, Aluminium-Titanium alloys, nanometric steels, ceramics and nano-ceramics. The new high-hardened steel needs 30% less thickness to offer the same protection level as ARMOX500Z High Hard Armour steel. While Titanium requires only 58% as much weight as rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) for reaching the same level of protection, Mat 7720 new, a newly developed Aluminium-Titanium alloy, needs only 38% of the weight. That means that this alloy is more than twice as protective as RHA of the same weight. AMAP is also making use of new nano-ceramics, which are harder and lighter than current ceramics, while having multi-hit capability. Furthermore the higher fracture toughness increases the general multi-hit capability. Furthermore AMAP's glue and lining components are working efficiently even at high temperatures (like 80 °C). The vehicle's hull is flat, as it is necessary for the EFV to plane across the surface of the water and reach its high speed, as well as endure rough seas. However, it's armour compositions provides adequate blast protection from explosions underneath the EFV's hull.

The EFV features Ekrixi Explosive Reactive Armor plates installed on the side of the armor and on the turret, and acts as a fourth layer of armor. ERA armor, such as Ekrixi, use an explosive charge to eliminate (or in most cases, weaken) the threat to the tank. An element of explosive reactive armour consists of a sheet or slab of high explosive sandwiched between two plates, typically metal, called the reactive or dynamic elements. On attack by a penetrating weapon, the explosive detonates, forcibly driving the metal plates apart to damage the penetrator. Against a shaped charge, the projected plates disrupt the metallic jet penetrator, effectively providing a greater path-length of material to be penetrated. Against a long rod penetrator, the projected plates serve to deflect and break up the rod.

The disruption is attributed to two mechanisms. First, the moving plates change the effective velocity and angle of impact of the shaped charge jet, reducing the angle of incidence and increasing the effective jet velocity versus the plate element. Second, since the plates are angled compared to the usual impact direction of shaped charge warheads, as the plates move outwards the impact point on the plate moves over time, requiring the jet to cut through fresh plate material. This second effect significantly increases the effective plate thickness during the impact. The explosion generated by that reaction is enough to weaken or sometimes destroy the threat posed to the vehicle, but nearby infantry is also in danger, as the explosion produces sharpnel, therefore dismounted infantry units are instructed to keep their distance from EL-70's equipped with Ekrixi ERA.

In case a fire breaks out inside the vehicle, the EL-70's Saviour fire extinguishing system is designed to be activated in no more than 2 miliseconds of the fire outbreak, and can extinguish it winthin 300 miliseconds. When operating in NBC environments,the "Protector" system can be activated. This seals all possible points of entry of radiation, or biological and chemical substances, excluding the cannon and all machineguns/autocannons installed. If the unit has to fight in those environments, they do not have to deactivate the "Protector" system.

The tank is propelled by the MTU Friedrichshafen MT 883 Ka-524 diesel engine, which produces 635 Kw on land when in "limited operation" mode, to be used when traversing land, and 2,016 kW when in "full operation" mode, which is to be used either when moving on water or when necessitated on land. This engine is designed to provide both a range of 523 Kilometres on land and 120 kilometres on water and be fast enough to outmaneuver enemy vehicles. However, powerful engines produce a lot of heat, something which enables easy identification by technologically advanced adversaries. To sole this problem, a specialised heat supression system is installed.

A rundown on how the heat supression system works: the air inside the engine is hot, while the one around the tank is usually cooler. Without the heat supression system, the exhaust brings out the hot air, therefore creating heat signatures which help technologically advanced adversaries identify the tank's location simply by this signature. However, the heat supression system mixes both the hot air inside the engine with the cooler one coming out of the tank. Therefore, the air coming out of the tank is significantly cooler than in normal circumstances, thus decreasing the chance that the tank will be detected by its heat signature.

The EL-70 is also equipped with Hydropneumatic suspsension and the Souvlaki Industries Type 82 transmission, with 4 foward and 2 reverse gears. The Type 97 Auxiliary Power Unit is also installed in the rear right section of the hull, to provide electrical power when stationary, without the high fuel consumption and large infrared signature caused by running the main engine.

The Type 907 40mm Autocannon is used as the vehicle's main armament. This is a chain-fed autocannon that does not depend on gas or recoil to actuate its firing system. Instead, it uses a 0.75 kW DC motor, positioned in the receiver, to drive the chain and dual-feed system. This system uses sprockets and extractor grooves to feed, load, fire, extract, and eject rounds. A system of clutches provides for an alternate sprocket to engage and thus allows the gunner to switch between armor piercing and high explosive rounds instantaneously. The Cannon can fire in semi, fully automatic or three-round-burst modes.

Apart from the Type 7 cannon,the EL-70 utilises the Type 56 15.5mm coaxial heavy machinegun, mounted on the left of the cannon. Additionally, the EL-70 can mount the Type 29 30mm Autocannon on the rear of the right hatch. The gun can be opeated from inside the tank, without having to manually operate it from the outside (which is very dangerous) with the Type 2 Remotely Operated Weapon Utilisation System (ROWUS). The weapon is still mounted outside the vehicle, but it is operated by the commander from inside the tank.

But for remotely operated weapons, the how to remain accurate when the vehicle is on the move has proven to be a problem for designers. To solve it, 3 seperate stabilisers use gyroscopes for stabilisation, while electro-optic scopes are used to relay the data back to the system at the speed of light. This instantanious feedback means that ROWUS can stay locked on its target, no matter what the vehicle does or how much recoil there is from the weapon. Highly sophisticated digital software even analyses the image,to give the operator an early warning of danger. Anti-Tank or Anti-Air missiles can also be fixed on either side of the turret, which are cased and can be fired at will.

The 3-man crew (driver,tank gunner,commander), alongside the seven, fully-equipped soldiers, are seated inside the hull of the tank. A specialised canteen is designed to provide enough water and snacks for 72 hours of combat operations for the crew. Each crewman has 6 LCD screens providing data over the integrated combat network. Plus, exterior high-resolution cameras with light-intensification sensors, infrared cameras,an infrared laser rangefinder, and an integrated Electronic Support Measures (ESM) array, are all included with the tank and give a 360 degree picture of the surrounding area.

The Defender Countermeasures system is designed to disrupt laser target designation and rangefinders of an incoming ATGM. The Defender includes a laser warning package that warns the tank crew when it is being lased and an optical-electric jammer, for diverting any guided ATGM away from its original target. Additionally,there is a grenade discharging system which produces an aerosol smoke screen for covering the vehicle in tense situations, along with a computerized control system to coordinate the vehicle's SADS active defense system (described in the Armour and Protection section), for intercepting any Anti Tank weapons The Defender Countermeasures system fails to intercept, like RPG rounds.

The Type 55 FINDERS Multi-Sensor Target Aquisition system allows the tank crew to easily identify and track down up to 7 targets of their choice, using equipped sensors and existing intelligence. The Type 70 Based Fire Control System is equipped with the Type 87 Fire Control Radar, capable of tracking down enemy forces that fired ballistic rounds, by tracing back the trajectories to their source, and producing the enemies' coordinates. Protection against electromagnetic interference and EMP attack is provided by the use of fiber optic cabling and circuitry composed of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) where possible. Additional protections are provided by utilization of antennas and power connections with surge protectors designed specifically to defend against EMP attack and the crew area is coated with a conductive coating. A grounding chain is connected to the rear of the vehicle.

The EL-70 EFV also makes extensive use of Adaptiv plates. Adaptiv is an active camouflage technology developed by BAE Systems to protect military vehicles from detection by near infrared night vision devices. It consists of an array of hexagonal Peltier plates which can be rapidly heated and cooled to form any desired image, such as of the natural background or of a non-target object. Peltier cooling plates take advantage of what is known as the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials. This effect is commonly used for cooling electronic components and small instruments. There are no moving parts and such a device is maintenance-free. In such a way, these plates can either conceal or mask the infrared identity of the vehicle with other objects. Adaptiv plates are placed inside the main armour, so that the process of the conduction of heat will transfer that new heat signature to the rest of the vehicle.

---

Specifications

---

-Name: EL-70
-Type: Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle
-Country of Origin: The Eagleland

---

-Designer: Marios Ipparchou
-Designed: 2007-2010
-Manufacturer: Palaimachos Arms (as of 2013)
-Produced: 2010 - Present
-Number built: 50,000

---

-Weight: 35 tons
-Length: 10.67 m
-Width: 3.66 m
-Height: 3.28 m
-Crew: 3+17
-Armor: AMAP Composite Armour (Aluminum/Titanium Alloy)
-Main armament: Type 907 40mm Autocannon (1,500 rounds)
-Secondary armament: 1x ROWUS-operated Type 29 30mm Autocannon (1,200 rounds), 1x 15.5mm caseless coaxial Machinegun (1,500 rounds)
-Engine: MTU Friedrichshafen MT 883 Ka-524 diesel engine (2,016 kW -water- and 635 kW -land)
-Power/weight: 18.4 Kw/t
-Transmission: Hydro-mechanical control, reversing and steering gear Souvlaki Industries Type 82 with combined hydrodynamic mechanical service brake, 4 forward, 2 reverse gears
-Suspension: Hydropneumatic suspension
-Ground clearance: 0.44 m
-Fuel capacity: 1,230 litres
-Operational range: 523 kilometres (land), 120 km (water)
-Speed: 72 km/h (onroad), 45 km/h (offroad), 46 km/h (water)

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Export Policy

---

Currently, as of December 2013, Palaimachos Arms Limited offers the EL-70 Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle to military customers at the cost of seven million NationStates Dollars per unit (NS$7,000,000). Domestic Production Rights Licences are available for one twenty billion NS Dollars and are indefinite (NS$20,000,000,000). Produced vehicles and Domestic Production Rights may not be re-sold to other foreign entities or states or subjects without authorisation from Palaimachos Arms Limited.

[The Eagleland]

---

History

---

The EL-45 Self-Propelled Gun (Greek: Αυτοπροωούμενο Πυροβόλο EL-45), referred to as the AYTOPYR-45, is an Eagleland-made Self-Propelled Gun (SPG) currently in service with the Eagleland Armed Forces. It was designed and built by the Eaglelander company Ipparchos Heavy Industries Ltd. (now a part of the Palaimachos Arms Limited corporation), in an effort to develop a self-propelled artillery platform that is powerful, highly automated and durable. By the turn of the year 2014, there are 200,000 EL-45 SPGs in service with the Eagleland Armed Forces.

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Characteristics

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The GALIX system is installed, which coordinates smoke grenades, anti-personell grenades (for urban combat) and Infra-Red screening rounds, that produce strong heat sources for Anti-Tank missiles and interfere with thermal and infra-red scanners. For protection against ATGMs, the EL-45 features the SADS (Spheric Active Defense System). It includes an F/G band fire-control radar with four flat-panel antennas mounted on the vehicle, with a 360-degree field of view. When a weapon is fired at the vehicle, the internal computer uses the signal from the incoming weapon and calculates an approach vector. Once the incoming weapon has been identified and its course has been predicted, then the computers calculate the optimal time and angle to fire the neutralizers to intercept the threat at a distance of between 5 to 30 meters from the protected vehicle.

These neutralizers are stored in two rotating launchers installed on the sides of the vehicle. The launchers are normally stowed behind armored plating and only deploy when a threat is detected. The launchers fire the neutralizing agents, which explode in clusters, exactly in front of the threat, delfelcting it, therefore ensuring that it will not cause any serious damage to the vehicle. The system is designed to have a very small kill zone, so as not to endanger troops adjacent to the protected vehicle. Additionally, the system can track and defend against multiple threats from all directions.

The EL-45 utilizes a combination of Rolled Homogeneous Armour (RHA), steel encased depleted uranium/titanium alloy and newer generation Chobham/Dorchester armor (the same one used on the Challenger 2 MBT), giving it the ability to endure hits from multiple 120mm projectiles at a range of more than 2.000 meters, as well as enduring multiple Anti-Tank missile and Rocket Prepelled Grenade rounds. This is accomplished with the composition of the armor which causes both shaped charges and kinetic-energy penetrators to be even less effective. Armoured steel must be hard yet impervious to shock in order to resist high velocity metal projectiles, hence the need for RHA as steel with these characteristics is produced by processing cast steel billets of appropriate size and then rolling them into plates of required thickness. Hot rolling homogenizes the grain structure of the steel, removing imperfections which would reduce the strength of the steel. Rolling also elongates the grain structure in the steel to form long lines, which enable the stress under which the steel is placed when loaded to flow throughout the metal, and not be concentrated into one area.

The tank also features a V-shaped hull, to protect it from explosions from mines and other irregular explosives, such as IEDs. The armor's composition is unique, as Chobham/Dorchester armor is capable of defending the tank aganist multiple RPG rounds and anti-tank missiles. Chobham is composed of ceramic tiles encased within a metal matrix and bonded to a backing plate and several elastic layers. Due to the extreme hardness of the ceramics used, they offer superior resistance against shaped charges such as high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds, HESH rounds and kinetic energy penetrators. These ceramic plates are a combination of silicon carbide with a matrix utilising titanium alloy which, however expensive to manufacture, is more durable and more resistant to corrosion.

The EL-45 features Ekrixi Explosive Reactive Armor plates installed on the side of the armor and on the turret, and acts as a fourth layer of armor. ERA armor, such as Ekrixi, use an explosive charge to eliminate (or in most cases, weaken) the threat to the tank. An element of explosive reactive armour consists of a sheet or slab of high explosive sandwiched between two plates, typically metal, called the reactive or dynamic elements. On attack by a penetrating weapon, the explosive detonates, forcibly driving the metal plates apart to damage the penetrator. Against a shaped charge, the projected plates disrupt the metallic jet penetrator, effectively providing a greater path-length of material to be penetrated. Against a long rod penetrator, the projected plates serve to deflect and break up the rod.

The disruption is attributed to two mechanisms. First, the moving plates change the effective velocity and angle of impact of the shaped charge jet, reducing the angle of incidence and increasing the effective jet velocity versus the plate element. Second, since the plates are angled compared to the usual impact direction of shaped charge warheads, as the plates move outwards the impact point on the plate moves over time, requiring the jet to cut through fresh plate material. This second effect significantly increases the effective plate thickness during the impact. The explosion generated by that reaction is enough to weaken or sometimes destroy the threat posed to the vehicle, but nearby infantry is also in danger, as the explosion produces sharpnel, therefore dismounted infantry units are instructed to keep their distance from EL-45's equipped with Ekrixi ERA.

In case a fire breaks out inside the vehicle, the EL-45's Saviour fire extinguishing system is designed to be activated in no more than 2 miliseconds of the fire outbreak, and can extinguish it winthin 300 miliseconds. When operating in NBC environments,the "Protector" system can be activated. This seals all possible points of entry of radiation, or biological and chemical substances, excluding the cannon and all machineguns/autocannons installed. If the unit has to fight in those environments, they do not have to deactivate the "Protector" system.

The ΕL-45 SPG is propelled by the Souvlaki Industries Type 78 32 Litre Engine which produces 1.300 Kw at 2.600 rpm. This engine is designed to provide both a range of 420 Kilometers and be fast enough to outmaneuver enemy vehicles. However, powerful engines produce a lot of heat, something which enables easy identification by technologically advanced adversaries. To sole this problem, a specialised heat supression system is installed.

A rundown on how the heat supression system works: the air inside the engine is hot, while the one around the tank is usually cooler. Without the heat supression system, the exhaust brings out the hot air, therefore creating heat signatures which help technologically advanced adversaries identify the tank's location simply by this signature. However, the heat supression system mixes both the hot air inside the engine with the cooler one coming out of the tank. Therefore, the air coming out of the tank is significantly cooler than in normal circumstances, thus decreasing the chance that the tank will be detetced by its heat signature.

The EL-45 is also equipped with Hydropneumatic suspsension and the Souvlaki Industries Type 82 transmission, with 4 foward and 2 reverse gears. The Type 97 Auxiliary Power Unit is also installed in the rear right section of the hull, to provide electrical power when stationary, without the high fuel consumption and large infrared signature caused by running the main engine.

The EL-45 Self-Propelled Gun is characterised by a very high degree of automation and of flexible command. To unlock, prepare, load the round and the charge and then discharge the cannon and either reload or move and shoot or lock the cannon, all it takes is for the commander to issue commands via force control or touching an indicator button on one of his LCD screens. The loading process works by the issue of the command "load". The cannon is loaded with a 160mm artillery shell, the type of which is to be selected by the commander. A series of sensors that scan the rounds' barcodes tell the commander how many rounds he has at his disposal and what kind. The commander selects the round and, based on the calculations to target, he selects a charge, which are stored and identified in the same manner as the rounds. When both the charge and the round have been chosen as appropriate, the commander issues the command "ready". The round and the charge and loaded via an autoloading mechanism and the round is discharged on the subesquent command "fire". This is the manual process.

Alternatively, the whole process can be automated. By the selection of a target, the commander can issue the order "MRSI". MRSI, standing for Multiple Rounds Simultaneous Impact, is one of the system's capabilities. It includes firing a series of rounds that will hit the target at the same time, by altering the angle of the cannon each time a round is discharged. The EL-45 can achieve MRSI with a maximum of six rounds at any given moment. Even though MRSI is achievable manually, the automated process is simpler and faster, as the gunner dials in the angles of the cannon as directed by the officer, who issues the order "MRSI" when the angles and the selected rounds are ready. The system itself, based on advanced algorithims and the angles and the distance of the target dialed, will select an appropriate charge each time the round is loaded, before discharge. The same process will repeat until the command is complete. This high degree of automation also extends to loading the vehicle, as when a round or a charge are automatically inserted into the vehicle from the rear it will be automatically inserted into the ammunition storage area.

The vehicle's main gun, the Type 32 160mm Cannon, is gyro-stabilised. That is, gyroscopic stabilisers keep the cannon steady when not locked, meaning that the vehicle has a "move and shoot" capability match by a limited number of self-propelled artillery vehicles. It also utilises the Type 56 15.5mm coaxial heavy machinegun, mounted on the left of the cannon. Additionally, the EL-70 can mount the Type 29 30mm Autocannon on the rear of the right hatch. The gun can be opeated from inside the tank, without having to manually operate it from the outside (which is very dangerous) with the Type 2 Remotely Operated Weapon Utilisation System (ROWUS). The weapon is still mounted outside the vehicle, but it is operated by the commander from inside the tank.

But for remotely operated weapons, the how to remain accurate when the vehicle is on the move has proven to be a problem for designers. To solve it, 3 seperate stabilisers use gyroscopes for stabilisation, while electro-optic scopes are used to relay the data back to the system at the speed of light. This instantanious feedback means that ROWUS can stay locked on its target, no matter what the vehicle does or how much recoil there is from the weapon. Highly sophisticated digital software even analyses the image,to give the operator an early warning of danger. Anti-Tank or Anti-Air missiles can also be fixed on either side of the turret, which are cased and can be fired at will.

The 3-man crew (driver,tank gunner,commander) are seated inside the hull of the SPG. A specialised canteen is designed to provide enough water and snacks for 72 hours of combat operations for the crew. Each crewman has 6 LCD screens providing data over the integrated combat network. Plus, exterior high-resolution cameras with light-intensification sensors, infrared cameras,an infrared laser rangefinder, and an integrated Electronic Support Measures (ESM) array, are all included with the tank and give a 360 degree picture of the surrounding area.

The Defender Countermeasures system is designed to disrupt laser target designation and rangefinders of an incoming ATGM. The Defender includes a laser warning package that warns the tank crew when it is being lased and an optical-electric jammer, for diverting any guided ATGM away from its original target. Additionally,there is a grenade discharging system which produces an aerosol smoke screen for covering the vehicle in tense situations, along with a computerized control system to coordinate the vehicle's SADS active defense system (described in the Armour and Protection section), for intercepting any Anti Tank weapons The Defender Countermeasures system fails to intercept, like RPG rounds.

The Type 55 FINDERS Multi-Sensor Target Aquisition system allows the tank crew to easily identify and track down up to 7 targets of their choice, using equipped sensors and existing intelligence. The Type 70 Based Fire Control System is equipped with the Type 87 Fire Control Radar, capable of tracking down enemy forces that fired ballistic rounds, by tracing back the trajectories to their source, and producing the enemies' coordinates. Protection against electromagnetic interference and EMP attack is provided by the use of fiber optic cabling and circuitry composed of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) where possible. Additional protections are provided by utilization of antennas and power connections with surge protectors designed specifically to defend against EMP attack and the crew area is coated with a conductive coating. A grounding chain is connected to the rear of the vehicle.

The EL-45 also makes extensive use of Adaptiv plates. Adaptiv is an active camouflage technology developed by BAE Systems to protect military vehicles from detection by near infrared night vision devices. It consists of an array of hexagonal Peltier plates which can be rapidly heated and cooled to form any desired image, such as of the natural background or of a non-target object. Peltier cooling plates take advantage of what is known as the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials. This effect is commonly used for cooling electronic components and small instruments. There are no moving parts and such a device is maintenance-free. In such a way, these plates can either conceal or mask the infrared identity of the vehicle with other objects. Adaptiv plates are placed inside the main armour, so that the process of the conduction of heat will transfer that new heat signature to the rest of the vehicle.

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Specifications

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-Name: EL-45
-Type: Self-Propelled Gun
-Country of Origin: The Eagleland

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-Designer: Marios Ipparchou
-Designed: 2007-2010
-Manufacturer: Palaimachos Arms (as of 2013)
-Produced: 2010 - Present
-Number built: 200,000

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-Weight: 45 tons
-Length: 14.5 m (total), 7.00 m (gun), 7.5 m (hull)
-Width: 3.95 m
-Height: 3 m
-Crew: 3
-Armor: Chobham/Dorchester II, RH armor, steel encased depleted uranium mesh plating
-Main armament: Type 32 L45 160mm cannon (48 rounds with 208 charges)
-Secondary armament: 1x ROWUS-operated Type 29 30mm Autocannon (1,200 rounds), 1x 15.5mm caseless coaxial Machinegun (1,500 rounds), 1x Model 105 HMG (2,000 rounds)
-Engine: Souvlaki Industries Type 78 12-cylinder Multifuel 32 Litre engine, 1,300 kW
-Power/weight: 28,9 Kw/t
-Transmission: Hydro-mechanical control, reversing and steering gear Souvlaki Industries Type 82 with combined hydrodynamic mechanical service brake, 4 forward, 2 reverse gears
-Suspension: Hydropneumatic suspension
-Ground clearance: 0.44 m
-Fuel capacity: 1,200 litres
-Operational range: 420 kilometers
-Speed: 70 km/h (onroad), 46 km/h (offroad)

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Export Policy

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Currently, as of December 2013, Palaimachos Arms Limited offers the EL-45 Self-Propelled Gun to military customers at the cost of five million NationStates Dollars per unit (NS$5,000,000). Domestic Production Rights Licences are available for one ten billion NS Dollars and are indefinite (NS$10,000,000,000). Produced vehicles and Domestic Production Rights may not be re-sold to other foreign entities or states or subjects without authorisation from Palaimachos Arms Limited.

[The Eagleland]

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History

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The EL-86 Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Gun (Greek: ΤΟΕΑ EL-86), is an Eagleland-made aerial defence vehicle currently in service with the Eagleland Armed Forces. It was designed and built by the Eaglelander company Ipparchos Heavy Industries Ltd. (now a part of the Palaimachos Arms Limited corporation), in a commission by the Ministry of National Defence of the Eagleland, with the intent and purpose of providing the Armed Forces with a durable and flexible SPAAG for mobile aerial defence missions. As of December 25, 2013, there are 45,000 EL-86 SPAAG platforms in service with the Eagleland Armed Forces.

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Characteristics

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The GALIX system is installed, which coordinates smoke grenades, anti-personell grenades (for urban combat) and Infra-Red screening rounds, that produce strong heat sources for Anti-Tank missiles and interfere with thermal and infra-red scanners. For protection against ATGMs, the EL-86 features the SADS (Spheric Active Defense System). It includes an F/G band fire-control radar with four flat-panel antennas mounted on the vehicle, with a 360-degree field of view. When a weapon is fired at the vehicle, the internal computer uses the signal from the incoming weapon and calculates an approach vector. Once the incoming weapon has been identified and its course has been predicted, then the computers calculate the optimal time and angle to fire the neutralizers to intercept the threat at a distance of between 5 to 30 meters from the protected vehicle.

These neutralizers are stored in two rotating launchers installed on the sides of the vehicle. The launchers are normally stowed behind armored plating and only deploy when a threat is detected. The launchers fire the neutralizing agents, which explode in clusters, exactly in front of the threat, delfelcting it, therefore ensuring that it will not cause any serious damage to the vehicle. The system is designed to have a very small kill zone, so as not to endanger troops adjacent to the protected vehicle. Additionally, the system can track and defend against multiple threats from all directions.

The EL-86 utilizes a combination of Rolled Homogeneous Armour (RHA), steel encased depleted uranium/titanium alloy and newer generation Chobham/Dorchester armor (the same one used on the Challenger 2 MBT), giving it the ability to endure hits from multiple 120mm projectiles at a range of more than 2.000 meters, as well as enduring multiple Anti-Tank missile and Rocket Prepelled Grenade rounds. This is accomplished with the composition of the armor which causes both shaped charges and kinetic-energy penetrators to be even less effective. Armoured steel must be hard yet impervious to shock in order to resist high velocity metal projectiles, hence the need for RHA as steel with these characteristics is produced by processing cast steel billets of appropriate size and then rolling them into plates of required thickness. Hot rolling homogenizes the grain structure of the steel, removing imperfections which would reduce the strength of the steel. Rolling also elongates the grain structure in the steel to form long lines, which enable the stress under which the steel is placed when loaded to flow throughout the metal, and not be concentrated into one area.

The EL-86 SPAAG also features a V-shaped hull, to protect it from explosions from mines and other irregular explosives, such as IEDs. The armor's composition is unique, as Chobham/Dorchester armor is capable of defending the tank aganist multiple RPG rounds and anti-tank missiles. Chobham is composed of ceramic tiles encased within a metal matrix and bonded to a backing plate and several elastic layers. Due to the extreme hardness of the ceramics used, they offer superior resistance against shaped charges such as high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds, HESH rounds and kinetic energy penetrators. These ceramic plates are a combination of silicon carbide with a matrix utilising titanium alloy which, however expensive to manufacture, is more durable and more resistant to corrosion.

The EL-86 features Ekrixi Explosive Reactive Armor plates installed on the side of the armor and on the turret, and acts as a fourth layer of armor. ERA armor, such as Ekrixi, use an explosive charge to eliminate (or in most cases, weaken) the threat to the tank. An element of explosive reactive armour consists of a sheet or slab of high explosive sandwiched between two plates, typically metal, called the reactive or dynamic elements. On attack by a penetrating weapon, the explosive detonates, forcibly driving the metal plates apart to damage the penetrator. Against a shaped charge, the projected plates disrupt the metallic jet penetrator, effectively providing a greater path-length of material to be penetrated. Against a long rod penetrator, the projected plates serve to deflect and break up the rod.

The disruption is attributed to two mechanisms. First, the moving plates change the effective velocity and angle of impact of the shaped charge jet, reducing the angle of incidence and increasing the effective jet velocity versus the plate element. Second, since the plates are angled compared to the usual impact direction of shaped charge warheads, as the plates move outwards the impact point on the plate moves over time, requiring the jet to cut through fresh plate material. This second effect significantly increases the effective plate thickness during the impact. The explosion generated by that reaction is enough to weaken or sometimes destroy the threat posed to the vehicle, but nearby infantry is also in danger, as the explosion produces sharpnel, therefore dismounted infantry units are instructed to keep their distance from EL-86s equipped with Ekrixi ERA.

In case a fire breaks out inside the vehicle, the EL-86's Saviour fire extinguishing system is designed to be activated in no more than 2 miliseconds of the fire outbreak, and can extinguish it winthin 300 miliseconds. When operating in NBC environments,the "Protector" system can be activated. This seals all possible points of entry of radiation, or biological and chemical substances, excluding the cannon and all machineguns/autocannons installed. If the unit has to fight in those environments, they do not have to deactivate the "Protector" system.

The ΕL-86 SPAAG is propelled by the Souvlaki Industries Type 77 32 Litre Engine which produces 1.000 Kw at 2.600 rpm. This engine is designed to provide both a range of 450 Kilometers and be fast enough to outmaneuver enemy vehicles. However, powerful engines produce a lot of heat, something which enables easy identification by technologically advanced adversaries. To sole this problem, a specialised heat supression system is installed.

A rundown on how the heat supression system works: the air inside the engine is hot, while the one around the tank is usually cooler. Without the heat supression system, the exhaust brings out the hot air, therefore creating heat signatures which help technologically advanced adversaries identify the tank's location simply by this signature. However, the heat supression system mixes both the hot air inside the engine with the cooler one coming out of the tank. Therefore, the air coming out of the tank is significantly cooler than in normal circumstances, thus decreasing the chance that the tank will be detetced by its heat signature.

The EL-86 is also equipped with Hydropneumatic suspsension and the Souvlaki Industries Type 82 transmission, with 4 foward and 2 reverse gears. The Type 97 Auxiliary Power Unit is also installed in the rear right section of the hull, to provide electrical power when stationary, without the high fuel consumption and large infrared signature caused by running the main engine.

The primary weapon of the EL-86 is the dual Type 909 40mm Autocannon, each with a capacity of 4,000 rounds of ammunition. These can be adjusted to an angle of +70/-20 Degrees and have a rate of fire of 600 rounds per minute, with an AA range of 4 kilometres. The EL-86 can also mount two missile launchers, each with the ability to hold a maximum of eight anti-air missiles. Additionally, the EL-86 can mount the Type 29 30mm Autocannon on the rear of the right hatch. The gun can be opeated from inside the tank, without having to manually operate it from the outside (which is very dangerous) with the Type 2 Remotely Operated Weapon Utilisation System (ROWUS). The weapon is still mounted outside the vehicle, but it is operated by the commander from inside the tank.

But for remotely operated weapons, the how to remain accurate when the vehicle is on the move has proven to be a problem for designers. To solve it, 3 seperate stabilisers use gyroscopes for stabilisation, while electro-optic scopes are used to relay the data back to the system at the speed of light. This instantanious feedback means that ROWUS can stay locked on its target, no matter what the vehicle does or how much recoil there is from the weapon. Highly sophisticated digital software even analyses the image,to give the operator an early warning of danger. Anti-Tank or Anti-Air missiles can also be fixed on either side of the turret, which are cased and can be fired at will.

The 3-man crew (driver,tank gunner,commander) are seated inside the hull of the SPAAG. A specialised canteen is designed to provide enough water and snacks for 72 hours of combat operations for the crew. Each crewman has 6 LCD screens providing data over the integrated combat network. Plus, exterior high-resolution cameras with light-intensification sensors, infrared cameras,an infrared laser rangefinder, and an integrated Electronic Support Measures (ESM) array, are all included with the tank and give a 360 degree picture of the surrounding area.

The EL-86 also comes with a TPS-830K surveillance and fire-control radar, an electro-optical targeting system (EOTS), panoramic periscope, forward looking infrared system (FLIR), laser rangefinder (LRF), and a thermal sight. The combined targeting system of EOTS, FLIR, and LRF has a targeting range of 7 km. The TPS-830K radar can detect and track a 2 m2-RCS target from a range of 17 km. The TPS-830K radar of EL-86 is an X-band (8 to 12.5 GHz) surveillance and fire-control pulse-Doppler radar, specialized for use against low-flying aircraft. Its features include real-time early warning, multiple target detection, an integral L-band (1 to 2 GHz) Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) subsystem, pulse compression, frequency agility, and adaptive moving target indication as an anti-chaff measure. It supplies ballistic computation data to the digital fire-control system to direct the aim of the electro-optical targeting system, which then aligns the 40 mm guns with the target for accurate fire. The secondary FLIR system and laser rangefinder supplements the TPS-830K radar to provide additional targeting means in case the radar is rendered inoperative, or is turned off to retain the element of surprise against aircraft that are equipped with radar warning receivers.

The Defender Countermeasures system is designed to disrupt laser target designation and rangefinders of an incoming ATGM. The Defender includes a laser warning package that warns the tank crew when it is being lased and an optical-electric jammer, for diverting any guided ATGM away from its original target. Additionally,there is a grenade discharging system which produces an aerosol smoke screen for covering the vehicle in tense situations, along with a computerized control system to coordinate the vehicle's SADS active defense system (described in the Armour and Protection section), for intercepting any Anti Tank weapons The Defender Countermeasures system fails to intercept, like RPG rounds.

The Type 55 FINDERS Multi-Sensor Target Aquisition system allows the tank crew to easily identify and track down up to 7 targets of their choice, using equipped sensors and existing intelligence. The Type 70 Based Fire Control System is equipped with the Type 87 Fire Control Radar, capable of tracking down enemy forces that fired ballistic rounds, by tracing back the trajectories to their source, and producing the enemies' coordinates. Protection against electromagnetic interference and EMP attack is provided by the use of fiber optic cabling and circuitry composed of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) where possible. Additional protections are provided by utilization of antennas and power connections with surge protectors designed specifically to defend against EMP attack and the crew area is coated with a conductive coating. A grounding chain is connected to the rear of the vehicle.

The EL-86 also makes extensive use of Adaptiv plates. Adaptiv is an active camouflage technology developed by BAE Systems to protect military vehicles from detection by near infrared night vision devices. It consists of an array of hexagonal Peltier plates which can be rapidly heated and cooled to form any desired image, such as of the natural background or of a non-target object. Peltier cooling plates take advantage of what is known as the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials. This effect is commonly used for cooling electronic components and small instruments. There are no moving parts and such a device is maintenance-free. In such a way, these plates can either conceal or mask the infrared identity of the vehicle with other objects. Adaptiv plates are placed inside the main armour, so that the process of the conduction of heat will transfer that new heat signature to the rest of the vehicle.

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Specifications

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-Name: EL-86
-Type: Self-Propelled Anti Aircraft Gun
-Country of Origin: The Eagleland

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-Designer: Marios Ipparchou
-Designed: 2007-2010
-Manufacturer: Palaimachos Arms (as of 2013)
-Produced: 2010 - Present
-Number built: 45,000

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-Weight: 45 tons
-Length: 13.07m
-Width: 3.95 m
-Height: 4.06 m (with Radar)
-Crew: 3
-Armor: Chobham/Dorchester II, RH armor, steel encased depleted uranium mesh plating
-Main armament: 2x Type 909 40mm Autocannon (2,000 rounds each)
-Secondary armament: 1x ROWUS-operated Type 29 30mm Autocannon (1,200 rounds), 2x Missile Launchers (max. 8 AA missiles each)
-Engine: Souvlaki Industries Type 77 10-cylinder Multifuel 32 Litre engine, 1,000 kW
-Power/weight: 22,2 Kw/t
-Transmission: Hydro-mechanical control, reversing and steering gear Souvlaki Industries Type 82 with combined hydrodynamic mechanical service brake, 4 forward, 2 reverse gears
-Suspension: Hydropneumatic suspension
-Ground clearance: 0.44 m
-Fuel capacity: 1,200 litres
-Operational range: 450 kilometers (with internal fuel)
-Speed: 70 km/h (onroad), 45 km/h (offroad)

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Export Policy

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Currently, as of December 2013, Palaimachos Arms Limited offers the EL-86 Self-Propelled AntI-Aircraft Gun to military customers at the cost of eight million, five hundred thousand NationStates Dollars per unit (NS$8,500,000). Domestic Production Rights Licences are available for one seventeen billion NS Dollars and are indefinite (NS$17,000,000,000). Produced vehicles and Domestic Production Rights may not be re-sold to other foreign entities or states or subjects without authorisation from Palaimachos Arms Limited.

[The Eagleland]

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- Alexander Class CVN|Unit Cost: NS$5,000,000,000|Domestic Production Right Licence Cost: NS$1,000,000,000,000
- Lysander Class DDGN|Unit Cost: NS$2,500,000,000|Domestic Production Right Licence Cost: NS$750,000,000,000
- Konstantinos Palaiologos Class CGN|Unit Cost: NS$3,000,000,000|Domestic Production Right Licence Cost: NS$800,000,000,000
- Kolokotronis Class FFGN|Unit Cost: NS$800,000,000|Domestic Production Right Licence Cost: NS$250,000,000,000
- Fylax Class FSN|Unit Cost: NS$350,000,000|Domestic Production Right Licence Cost: NS$50,000,000,000
- Epameinondas Class LHAN|Unit Cost: NS$750,000,000|Domestic Production Right Licence Cost: NS$150,000,000,000
- Hermes Class APN|Unit Cost: NS$900,000,000|Domestic Production Right Licence Cost: NS$200,000,000,000
- Maria Class AOEN|Unit Cost: NS$250,000,000|Domestic Production Right Licence Cost: NS$20,000,000,000
- Kanaris Class SSK
- Poseidon Class SSN
- Themis Class SSBN

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[The Eagleland]

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History

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The Alexander the Great Class aircraft carriers (Greek: Αεροπλανοφόρο κλάσης Μεγάλου Αλεξάνδρου) (or Alex-class) are a class of supercarrier for the Eagleland Navy, manufactured by Poseidon Military Maritime Industry, LLC, now owned by Palaimachos Arms Limited, in a joint effort with Myrmidon Tactical Design, which has replaced all previous carriers in the Eagleland Navy. These new vessels use a hull design similar to the older Agios Georgios Class Carriers in appearance, but many aspects of the design are different, implementing new technologies developed since the initial design of the previous class (such as the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System), as well as other design features intended to improve efficiency and running costs, including a reduced crew requirement. As of 2013, there are 650 Alexander the Great Class Aircraft Carriers in the Eagleland Navy.

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Characteristics

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A notable feature of the Alexander Class is the bridge, which incorporates five main systems; the Tetsudo Mk.II, the SFT-1221, Sensor Fused Targeting Array, the HMS-717, Hull-Mounted Sonar (all three of which were the contribution of Myrmidon Tactical Design to the project since it's inception), the A/N SPY-3 AESA Radar and the Tomb Stone Ladar. The latter is manufactured under licence from LG Defense Systems.The Tomb Stone Ladar can detect a missile-sized target flying at an altitude of 60 meters (200 ft) at least 40 km away, at an altitude of 100 meters at least 60 km away, and at high altitude up to 175 km away. The AN/SPY-3 is a shipboard Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) system. It operates in the X-band radar frequencies; X-band functionality (8 to 12 GHz frequency range) is optimal for minimizing low-altitude propagation effects, narrow beam width for best tracking accuracy, wide frequency bandwidth for effective target discrimination, and the target illumination for Anti-Air Missiles.

The X-band has, in general, favorable low-altitude propagation characteristics, which readily support the horizon search functionality of the AN/SPY-3. A large operating bandwidth is required to mitigate large propagation variations due to meteorological conditions. The system uses commercial off the shelf (COTS) computers and has reduced manning requirements for operation and maintenance. A number of operation and maintenance functions can be completely automated. It also has the capability to perform a volume search functionality. Shipboard operators will be able to optimize the SPY-3 MFR for either horizon search or volume search. While optimized for volume search, the horizon search capability is limited and vice versa. The A/N SPY-3 and the Tomb Stone Ladar are secondary radar systems, to be activated automatically in case the main electronics platform of the ship, managed by the Tetsudo II system, malfunction.

Housed in the bulbous bow at the ship's forefoot, the HMS-717 is a computer controlled solid state 6th generation synthetic aperture passive/active sonar, using the vessel's computer to provide ultra high resolution signal processing. Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is a form of sonar in which sophisticated post-processing of sonar data are used in ways closely analogous to synthetic aperture radar. Synthetic aperture sonars combine a number of acoustic pings to form an image with much higher resolution than conventional sonars, typically 10 times higher.

The principle of synthetic aperture sonar is to move a sonar along a line and illuminate the same spot on the sea floor with several pings. This produces a synthetic array equal to the distance traveled. By coherent reorganization of the data from all the pings, a synthetic aperture image is produced with improved along-track resolution. In contrast to conventional side-scan sonar, SAS processing provides range-independent along-track resolution. At maximum range the resolution can be magnitudes better than that of side-scan sonars. The 717 uses extremely low frequency pairs of twinned inverted pulses in very shallow "sweeps" that narrow the band to minimize detection by nearby vessels, so a complete and extremely detailed picture of the seafloor and surrounding areas may be taken with little danger.

With a range of 50km even in deep water HMS-717 has the ability to use twinned pair pulses to "see" through underwater obscurants such as thermoclines, haze or bubble clouds. Even in the littoral, vessel commanders will be aware of objects on the bottom or nearby contours of the sea floor other vessels and even animals within a great range as though looking through a window out into the ocean. In the event of a torpedo attack on a Testudo equipped vessel, all passive arrays are switched off and active arrays are turned on at maximum power in the direction of both the attacking torpedo and the hostile submarine. This has the effect of blowing out the sonar array on the hostile torpedo and ship, which causes the enemy vessel and its weapons to lose target solution and very often, forcing the enemy submarine to power down its sonar array.

The torpedo's sensitive guidance system very often malfunctions or is destroyed under such a directed energy attack, which the equipped vessel will use as an opportunity to evade and escape. In passive mode, Testudo equipped vessels use their passive arrays to replace the thousands of hydrophones common on so many classes. These broadband, ultra-high resolution sensors pick up the tiniest of resonances or disturbances in water; from a clam shutting its shell on the seabed kilometers away to whales turning silently in deep water or the hum of a diesel-electric submarine running only on batteries, Testudo uses supercomputer-driven digital signal processing to detect and classify as never before the world around it underwater by listening with great sensitivity. Sounds as low as 20 db can be heard at distances greater than 50 km, though the exact passive capability is classified.

GXN-990 is a solid state AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) radar operating simultaneously and coherently in the EHF and L-Band modes. The GXN is comprised of four 36-element arrays, or synthetic apertures mounted on the deckhouse of the vessel to which it is fitted, facing 90 degrees apart. The beams vertical elevation, horizontal training and compensation for ship movement is accomplished electronically while shifting frequencies randomly more than 2,000 times per second. Each array transmits 20 kilowatts through its 7,200 carbon nanotube apertures and each is cooled by 75,000 BTU coldplates.

The methodology used by the 990 is called Video Synthetic Aperture Radar / Surface Moving Target Indicator, or ViSAR/SMTI, which denies the enemy to protect themselves by operating in cloudy weather, or while other atmospheric conditions such as dust, smoke or haze would otherwise hinder optical detection. The GXN-990 is a 3D radar system, effective against stealthy aircraft and missiles, providing capability to track and analyze three-dimensional objects against clutter, in poor conditions and in the littoral environment. The system's large sensitivity allows for the early detection and tracking of very small and/or stealthy aircraft and missiles, very small boats, mines, vehicles or even troop movements.

The accurate 3D target information provides an essential contribution to the threat evaluation process, especially in multiple attack scenarios and it allows the fire control system to lock-on rapidly. The maximum range of the system is 500 kilometers and more than 70 degrees of elevation, at which the system can track more than 1,000 targets simultaneously. The GXN-990 is said to be able to detect even the stealthiest missiles at 100 km and is able to detect and track outer atmosphere objects at short range, making it an essential part of a Theatre Ballistic Missile Defence system. The GXN provides a “God’s eye view” of moving objects throughout the area of operations, despite the dark of night, the smoke of oil fires, or the dust of sandstorms.

The ability to precisely and accurately strike enemy forces from the sea—sometimes when in close contact with friendly forces in near-zero visibility while accurately highlighting movement on the surface against clutter and in extremely poor visibility conditions means that the Anubis's fire control system or allied forces will have maximum accuracy for the use of weapons systems, even in complex and chaotic situations, in the poorest of conditions. GXN-990 provides a continuous observation capability, maximizing detection resolution, even to the point of being able to accurately pinpoint enemy troop movements on foot on land or the movement of small, hand-launched drones.

The Testudo Mk. II system is a passive/active vessel defense mechanism with integrated sensors and fire control for offensive and defensive weapons. This "system of systems" incorporates a variety of sensors to provide precise, millisecond-accurate information to the vessel while remaining a compact and unobtrusive system. Several layers of passive and active defense extend out tens of kilometers from the vessel itself and can provide an umbrella of protection to ground, sea or air assets operating nearby. Testudo protects the vessel from all types of guided and unguided threats including laser, radar, infrared or optically-guided missiles, direct and indirect fire artillery, rockets, grenades and mortars. Integrated counter-battery, direct and indirect fire control suites broadcast firing solutions to all allied assets in the area in addition to automatic weapon selection and firing solutions for its own weapons. For the vessel's own weapons suite, Testudo dramatically increases the effectiveness of all types of onboard weapons including direct fire cannons and guns; for defensive weapons, the system provides a very high rate of interception, increasing the vessel's survivability by orders of magnitude over a ship not equipped with it. The Testudo Mk. II system is fully networked as one unified system with all sensors, offensive and defensive weapons and the SANMEN communications suite. The onboard computer integrates this information, allowing the crew to make the most informed decisions possible, staying constantly connected to the command structure.

Ships equipped with Testudo house an extremely powerful central computer system which handles not only all the functions required by the ship, its sensors and weapons systems, but the duties of fusing information streamed from all other allied sources into a unified picture of the battlespace. The computer chosen for this purpose was a scalar-cabinet air cooled supercomputer, built as a collaboration between Cray Supercomputer and Advanced Micro Devices, or AMD. The computer is housed near the ship's reactor inside the absorption refrigerator where it can take advantage of the chilled atmosphere to cool itself. The computer is housed in six sequential cabinets, and is modeled on the Cray XK7 Supercomputer. In total, the computer uses 576 Opteron 6386 processors with 9,216 cores, supported by 72 terabytes of Radeon ECC DDR3 1333 SDRAM. The processors and memory are aided by 576 FirePro S10000 GPU's with 3.375 terabytes of GDDR5 memory and the entire system contains 576 LSI Nytro WarpDrive BFH8-3200 Flash Accelerators with 1,800 terabytes of solid state MLC hard drive space. Data is carried throughout the ship on armored, 500-strand glass fiber optic cable.

The computer system manages all functions of the ship, its powerplant, communications network, sensor suite and weapons, resolves raw data and processes it into usable information, integrating that data with information from all sources to create a single, unified picture of the entire battlespace and all of the personnel and resources within it. This system provides the ship with 600+ teraflops of computing power and sub-microsecond latency for an incredibly versatile central computer capable of handling the most demanding loads and intense calculations. The ship's onboard computer provides stunningly clear, accurate and fast sensor fusion from multiple sources, blended cohesively and rendered flawlessly, broadcasting that networked, unified picture back across the communications network to allied resources, ensuring that all friendly troops have the most complete intelligence and latest information possible.

Testudo Mk. II includes an onboard inertial guidance suite for navigation, which only periodically references GPS as a redundant calibration check, but is considered extremely accurate without any access to GPS whatsoever. The guidance package makes use of numerous breakthroughs in micro-scale construction and computing. The Timing and Inertial Measurement Unit is an array of dozens of tiny blown, ground and polished quartz mushroom and wineglass gyroscopic sensors, coupled to a powerful master clock and linked to accelerometers and magnetometers, measuring six axes of rotation, synchronized in real time and sensor-fused to provide highly accurate tracking of time, altitude, distance and course. A path can be laid out pre-mission or during a mission, which is translated onto GPS-synchronized maps with turn by turn corrections displayed on a map overlay for the crew, with terrain features and intelligence information from the SANMEN communications network. A ring-laser gyroscope provides a secondary, redundant but highly accurate reference which is used for constant check and recalibration of the Micro-PNT/TIMU system. The extremely accurate information generated by the Tetsudo Mk. II guidance system is capable of delivering the vessel on target with pinpoint accuracy, in most cases inside three meters of the predesignated point, all without any reference to global positioning satellites whatsoever and only using onboard communications receivers for mid-course correction.

The Tetsudo II is the primary Electronic Warfare (EW) Suite of this warship. However, should it collapse for any reason, which is unlikely considering the reliability of this system, all systems will be managed by the Secondary Electronics Suite, or SES. The SES is activated 1.5 seconds after the Tetsudo II system collapses and acts as an effective failsafe, organising all electronics capabilities of the ship. Additionally, the SES entails the Ship Self-Defense System (SSDS), a combat system specifically designed for anti-air defence of warships. It coordinates several legacy shipboard systems as well as major acquisition programs. Multi-sensor integration, parallel processing and the coordination of hardkill/softkill capabilities in an automated, doctrine-based response to the ASCM threats are the cornerstones of the SSDS. The SSDS system coordinates all the ship's existing sensors, self-defense weapons and countermeasures into a unified, distributed, open-architecture system. It provides the ship with automated and rapid-reacting anti-air defenses, aimed particularly at countering the sea-skimming anti-ship missile threat. It is largely based on commercial off-the-shelf systems. The automated integration of these sensor and weapon systems, which have traditionally been stand-alone units, greatly shortens the detect-to-engage cycle. Although SSDS does not improve the capability of individual sensors, it fuses the active and passive sensors and provides a more complete picture and enhances target automatic tracking to form a composite track.

The Alexander Class CVN utilises four Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch Systems (EMALS), utilised to launch carrier-based aircraft from catapults using a linear motor drive instead of conventional steam pistons. This technology reduces stress on airframes because they can be accelerated more gradually to takeoff speed than with steam-powered catapults. This also entails lower system weight, cost, maintenance, whilst entailing the ability to launch both heavier and lighter aircraft than conventional systems and lower requirements for fresh water, reducing the need for energy-intensive desalination. The EMALS uses a linear induction motor (LIM), which uses electric currents to generate magnetic fields that propel a carriage down a track to launch the aircraft.[2] The EMALS consists of four main elements:

• The linear induction motor: It consists of a row of stator coils that have the function of a conventional motor’s armature. When energised, the motor accelerates the carriage down the track. Only the section of the coils surrounding the carriage is energized at any given time, thereby minimizing reactive losses. The EMALS' 91 m LIM will accelerate a 45,000 kg aircraft to 240 km/h.
• Energy storage subsystem: The induction motor requires a large amount of electric energy in just a few seconds—more than the ship's own power source can provide. The EMALS energy-storage subsystem draws power from the ship and stores it kinetically on rotors of four disk alternators. Each rotor can store more than 100 megajoules, and can be recharged within 45 seconds of a launch, faster than steam catapults.
• Power conversion subsystem: During launch, the power conversion subsystem releases the stored energy from the disk alternators using a cycloconverter. The cycloconverter provides a controlled rising frequency and voltage to the LIM, energizing only the small portion of stator coils that affect the launch carriage at any given moment.
• Control consoles: Operators control the power through a closed loop system. Hall effect sensors on the track monitor its operation, allowing the system to ensure that it provides the desired acceleration. The closed loop system allows the EMALS to maintain a constant tow force, which helps reduce the launch stresses on the plane’s airframe.

Electromagnetics will also be used in the new Advanced Arresting Gear (AAG) system. The current system relies on hydraulics to slow and stop a landing aircraft. Although older models exercised a sizable amount of force on the airframe of the aircrafts that landed on it, by using electromagnetics the energy absorption is controlled by a turbo-electric engine which makes the trap smoother and reduces shock on airframes.

Also, a Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS) has been installed to treat all combustible solid waste generated on board the ship. A plasma torch uses an inert gas such as steam. The electrodes vary from copper or tungsten to hafnium or zirconium, along with various other alloys. A strong electric current under high voltage passes between the two electrodes as an electric arc. Pressurised inert gas is ionized passing through the plasma created by the arc. The torch's temperature ranges from 2,200 to 13,900 °C. The temperature of the plasma reaction determines the structure of the plasma and forming gas. This can be optimized to minimize ballast contents, composed of the byproducts of oxidation. At these conditions molecular dissociation can occur by breaking down molecular bonds. The resulting elemental components are in a gaseous phase. Complex molecules are separated into individual atoms. Molecular dissociation using plasma is referred to as "plasma pyrolysis."

Munitions and ammunition handling is accomplished using a highly mechanised weapons handling system (HMWHS). This is a first naval application of a common land-based warehouse system. The HMWHS moves palletised munitions from the magazines and weapon preparation areas, along track ways and via several lifts, forward and aft or port and starboard. The tracks can carry a pallet to magazines, the hangar, weapons preparation areas, and the flight deck. In a change from normal procedures the magazines are unmanned, the movement of pallets is controlled from a central location, and manpower is only required when munitions are being initially stored or prepared for use. This system speeds up delivery and reduces the size of the crew by automation.

The Alexander Class is moved by two Kinisis 756 Nuclear Reactors, capable of producing 340 Megawatts of electricity. These are molten salt reactors (MSR), which are a class of nuclear fission reactors in which the primary coolant, or even the fuel itself, is a molten salt mixture. MSRs run at higher temperatures than water-cooled reactors for higher thermodynamic efficiency, while staying at low vapor pressure. The salt mixture utilised in this instance is FLiBe, which is a mixture of lithium fluoride (LiF) and beryllium fluoride (BeF2). As a molten salt it is used as a nuclear reactor coolant having a melting point of 459°C, a boiling point of 1430°C, and a density of 1.94 g/cm3. Its heat capacity is 4540 kJ/m3, which is similar to that of water, more than four times that of sodium, and more than 200 times that of helium (at typical reactor conditions). These reactors boast a number of advantages, primarily safety and efficiency, given that the design is inherently simple. The energy produced in the Alexander Class is more than enough to power all electronic components of this design.

The ship is defended by thirty VLS modules (to be used with anti-air, anti-ship or anti-submarine missiles), nineteen Type 370 40 mm CIWS, four 12 tube Rolling Airframe Missile defence turrets, and a series of countermeasures such as the AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System and AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys. Decoy employment is used primarily to defend against anti-ship missiles which have avoided detection and penetrated to the terminal-defense area that represents an imminent threat to the ship.

The Type 370 Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) has been developed for the Eagleland Navy by Hyperion Defence Ltd of the Eagleland. The Type 370 CIWS entails a six-barreled 40mm Gatling gun, with a rate of fire of approximately 5,500 rounds per minute, which is linked to the GXN-990 system of the ship, whilst also including it's very own TPS-830K surveillance and fire-control radar, an electro-optical targeting system (EOTS), panoramic periscope, forward looking infrared system (FLIR), laser rangefinder (LRF), and a thermal sight. The combined targeting system of EOTS, FLIR, and LRF has a targeting range of 7 km. The TPS-830K radar can detect and track a 2 m2-RCS target from a range of 17 km.

The TPS-830K radar is an X-band (8 to 12.5 GHz) surveillance and fire-control pulse-Doppler radar, specialized for use against low-flying aircraft. Its features include real-time early warning, multiple target detection, an integral L-band (1 to 2 GHz) Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) subsystem, pulse compression, frequency agility, and adaptive moving target indication as an anti-chaff measure. It supplies ballistic computation data to the digital fire-control system to direct the aim of the electro-optical targeting system, which then aligns the 40 mm guns with the target for accurate fire. The secondary FLIR system and laser rangefinder supplements the TPS-830K radar to provide additional targeting means in case the radar is rendered inoperative, or is turned off to retain the element of surprise against aircraft that are equipped with radar warning receivers.

The Type 370 also includes four anti-air missiles, as part of it's overall system, and has a range of 4,000 metres, an ammunition storage of 3,500 rounds of ammunition (which can be reloaded through the ship's automated reloading process), a reaction time of four seconds to Mach 2 missiles, elevation −25 to +85 degrees and full 180 Degree Traverse or full 360 Degree traverse, depending on the system's location on the ship. It is an autonomous and completely automatic weapon system for short-range defense of ships against highly maneuverable missiles, aircraft and fast maneuvering surface vessels. Once activated the system automatically performs the entire process from surveillance and detection to destruction, including selection of the next priority target.

The MK 36 Super Rapid Bloom Offboard Countermeasures (SRBOC) Chaff and Decoy Launching System is a deck-mounted, mortar-type countermeasure system that may be used to launch an array of chaff cartridges against a variety of threats. The purpose of the system is to confuse hostile missile guidance and fire control systems by creating false signals. The launching system is controlled from the Combat Information Center and is dependent on information provided by the detection and threat analysis equipment on the ship.

The DLS MK 36 Mod 12 is a morter-tube launched decoy countermeasures system that projects decoys aloft at specific heights and ranges. Each DLS launcher includes six fixed-angle (elevation) tubes: four tubes set at 45 degrees and two tubes set at 60 degrees. Decoy selection and firing is controlled from either the EW console of the bridge launcher control. The DLS launches the following types of decoys: SRBOC - which uses chaff to deceive RF-emitting missiles/radars, NATO Sea Gnat - which is similar to SRBOC but with extended range and a larget payload of chaff, and TORCH - which uses heat to deceive infrarad-seeking missiles.

The Torpedo Countermeasures Transmitting Set AN/SLQ-25B, commonly referred to as Nixie, is a passive, electro-acoustic decoy system used to provide deceptive countermeasures against acoustic homing torpedoes. The AN/SLQ-25B employs an underwater acoustic projector housed in a streamlined body which is towed astern on a combination tow/signal-transfer coaxial cable. An on board generated signal is used by the towed body to produce an acoustic signal to decoy the hostile torpedo away from the ship. It also includes a fiber optic display LAN, a torpedo alertment capability and a towed array sensor. The decoy emits signals to draw a torpedo away from its intended target. The Nixie attempts to defeat a torpedo's passive sonar by emitting simulated ship noise, such as propeller and engine noise, which is more attractive than the ship to the torpedo's sensors.

Protection against electromagnetic interference and EMP attack is provided by the use of fiber optic cabling and circuitry composed of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) where possible. Additional protections are provided by utilization of antennas and power connections with surge protectors designed specifically to defend against EMP attack and the crew area is coated with a conductive coating.

The Alexander Class CVN is built using a double-hull design. Originally used in civilian cargo ships (primarily tankers, especially after the Exxon Valdez accident in 1989), the double-hull, however expensive, serves two particular purposes; firstly, it provides additional protection from collisions, allisions and groundings; secondly, it provides room for ballast tanks and the use of Adaptiv Plates. Adaptiv is an active camouflage technology developed by BAE Systems to protect military vehicles from detection by near infrared night vision devices. It consists of an array of hexagonal Peltier plates which can be rapidly heated and cooled to form any desired image, such as of the natural background or of a non-target object. Peltier cooling plates take advantage of what is known as the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials. This effect is commonly used for cooling electronic components and small instruments. There are no moving parts and such a device is maintenance-free. In such a way, these plates can either conceal or mask the infrared identity of the vehicle with other objects. Adaptiv plates are placed inside the main armour, so that the process of the conduction of heat will transfer that new heat signature to the rest of the vehicle. Given that ships of this size are impossible to shield from FLIR, the Adaptiv plates provide sufficient signature reduction from FLIR detection.

Also, the shape of the hull and the superstructures is devised for the optimal reduction of the radar signature. Stealth is achieved with inclined flanks, as few vertical lines as possible, and very clean lines and superstructures: stairs and mooring equipment are internal, and prominent structures are covered by clear surfaces. The superstructures are built using radar-absorbent synthetic materials. The Alexander Class CVNs are also equipped with jammers that can generate false radar images. It's exhaust entails a heat supression system to mix hot air from the reactor with cool air from outside, further reducing thermal signatures. The usual funnel is replaced with a small sets of pipes, aft of the mast, which cool the exit gas before it is released.

The magnetic signature is reduced by the presence of a demagnetisation belt. A steel-hulled ship is like a huge floating magnet with a large magnetic field surrounding it. As the ship moves through the water, this field also moves and adds to or subtracts from the Earth's magnetic field. Because of its distortion effects on the Earth's magnetic field, the ship can act as a trigger device for magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices which are designed to detect these distortions. The degaussing system is installed aboard ship to reduce the ship's effect on the Earth's magnetic field. In order to accomplish this, the change in the Earth's field about the ship's hull is "canceled" by controlling the electric current flowing through degaussing coils wound in specific locations within the hull. This, in turn, reduces the possibility of detection by these magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices. The system used for demagnetisation includes a Main coil, an Athwartship coil and a Forecastle-Induced - Quarterdeck-Induced coil.

A Main Coil (M) compensates the induced and permanent vertical components of the ship's magnetic field (Z zone). It is installed in the horizontal plane at the waterline. As the ship changes hemispheres the coil current polarity must be manually adjusted. The Athwartship coil (A) is installed in the vertical plane and extends from the keel to the main deck. It compensates the athwartship induced and athwartship's permanent components of the ship's magnetic field. The A coil current consists of permanent and induced components. The Forecastle induced - Quarterdeck induced coils (FI-QI) are located in the same area as the FP-QP coils, they compensate for the longitudinal induced component of the ship's magnetic field. The FI-QI current is proportional to the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field along the ship's longitudinal axis. The FI-QI coil current is manually changed, by shifting the "H zone" switch on the switchboard, when the ship's location changes H zones. The degaussing system automatically compensates for heading changes by converting a gyro input signal to a magnetic heading.

The acoustic signature is minimized by mounting the engines on elastic supports, as to transmit as little vibrations to the hull as possible, and by rubber coating on the propellers. Finally, Vital zones are armoured in Kevlar, and important systems are redundant. The crew is protected against biological, chemical and nuclear environments. The hull has a pronounced angle at the stem, with a short forecastle that integrates directly into the superstructure. The single anchor is located exactly on the stem, into which it is completely recessed. The deck where the seamanship equipment and capstans are installed is internal in order to hide it from radar. The superstructure is built in one piece and directly integrates into the hull, with only a change in inclination. A platform is located between the main gun and the bridge.

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Specifications

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-Name: Alexander Class
-Type: Aircraft Carrier, Nuclear (CVN)
-Country of Origin: The Eagleland

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-Designer: Poseidon Military Maritime Industry, LLC, Myrmidon Tactical Design
-Designed: 2007-2010
-Manufacturer: Palaimachos Arms (as of 2013)
-Produced: 2010 - Present
-Number built: 650

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-Weight: 101,600 tons
-Length: 337 m
-Breadth: 76.8 m
-Draft: 12 m
-Crew: 508 Officers, 3789 Enlisted
-Armor: 64 mm Kevlar over vital spaces.
-Armament: 30× VLS modules, 19 × 40 mm CIWS, 4x 12 tube rolling airframe defense turrets, AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System, AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys
-Aircraft Carried: 100
-Engine: 2x Kinisis 756 Nuclear Reactor (340 MW)
-Fuel capacity: Unlimited
-Range: Unlimited
-Speed: 40 knots

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Export Policy

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Currently, as of December 2013, Palaimachos Arms Limited offers the Alexander Class CVN to military customers at the cost of five billion NationStates Dollars per unit (NS$5,000,000,000). Domestic Production Rights Licences are are available for one trillion NationStates Dollars (NS$1,000,000,000,000). Produced vehicles and Domestic Production Rights may not be re-sold to other foreign entities or states or subjects without authorisation from Palaimachos Arms Limited.

[The Eagleland]

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History

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The Lysander Class Destroyers (Greek: Αντιτορπιλικό Κλάσης Λυσάνδρου) (or Lyso-class) are a class of destroyer for the Eagleland Navy, manufactured by Poseidon Military Maritime Industry, LLC, now owned by Palaimachos Arms Limited, in a joint effort with Myrmidon Tactical Design, which has replaced all previous destroyers in the Eagleland Navy. As of 2013, there are 3,500 Lysander Class Destroyers in the Eagleland Navy.

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Characteristics

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The Lysander Class DDGN is a revolutionary warship, achieving new standards in destroyer design. Extensive measures were taken to both enhance the firepower of the warship and minimise it's signature, as well as an enhanced Electronic Warfare suite. A notable feature of the Lysander Class is the bridge, which incorporates five main systems; the Tetsudo Mk.II, the SFT-1221, Sensor Fused Targeting Array, the HMS-717, Hull-Mounted Sonar (all three of which were the contribution of Myrmidon Tactical Design to the project since it's inception), the A/N SPY-3 AESA Radar and the Tomb Stone Ladar. The latter is manufactured under licence from LG Defense Systems.The Tomb Stone Ladar can detect a missile-sized target flying at an altitude of 60 meters (200 ft) at least 40 km away, at an altitude of 100 meters at least 60 km away, and at high altitude up to 175 km away. The AN/SPY-3 is a shipboard Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) system. It operates in the X-band radar frequencies; X-band functionality (8 to 12 GHz frequency range) is optimal for minimizing low-altitude propagation effects, narrow beam width for best tracking accuracy, wide frequency bandwidth for effective target discrimination, and the target illumination for Anti-Air Missiles.

The X-band has, in general, favorable low-altitude propagation characteristics, which readily support the horizon search functionality of the AN/SPY-3. A large operating bandwidth is required to mitigate large propagation variations due to meteorological conditions. The system uses commercial off the shelf (COTS) computers and has reduced manning requirements for operation and maintenance. A number of operation and maintenance functions can be completely automated. It also has the capability to perform a volume search functionality. Shipboard operators will be able to optimize the SPY-3 MFR for either horizon search or volume search. While optimized for volume search, the horizon search capability is limited and vice versa. The A/N SPY-3 and the Tomb Stone Ladar are secondary radar systems, to be activated automatically in case the main electronics platform of the ship, managed by the Tetsudo II system, malfunction.

Housed in the bulbous bow at the ship's forefoot, the HMS-717 is a computer controlled solid state 6th generation synthetic aperture passive/active sonar, using the vessel's computer to provide ultra high resolution signal processing. Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is a form of sonar in which sophisticated post-processing of sonar data are used in ways closely analogous to synthetic aperture radar. Synthetic aperture sonars combine a number of acoustic pings to form an image with much higher resolution than conventional sonars, typically 10 times higher.

The principle of synthetic aperture sonar is to move a sonar along a line and illuminate the same spot on the sea floor with several pings. This produces a synthetic array equal to the distance traveled. By coherent reorganization of the data from all the pings, a synthetic aperture image is produced with improved along-track resolution. In contrast to conventional side-scan sonar, SAS processing provides range-independent along-track resolution. At maximum range the resolution can be magnitudes better than that of side-scan sonars. The 717 uses extremely low frequency pairs of twinned inverted pulses in very shallow "sweeps" that narrow the band to minimize detection by nearby vessels, so a complete and extremely detailed picture of the seafloor and surrounding areas may be taken with little danger.

With a range of 50km even in deep water HMS-717 has the ability to use twinned pair pulses to "see" through underwater obscurants such as thermoclines, haze or bubble clouds. Even in the littoral, vessel commanders will be aware of objects on the bottom or nearby contours of the sea floor other vessels and even animals within a great range as though looking through a window out into the ocean. In the event of a torpedo attack on a Testudo equipped vessel, all passive arrays are switched off and active arrays are turned on at maximum power in the direction of both the attacking torpedo and the hostile submarine. This has the effect of blowing out the sonar array on the hostile torpedo and ship, which causes the enemy vessel and its weapons to lose target solution and very often, forcing the enemy submarine to power down its sonar array.

The torpedo's sensitive guidance system very often malfunctions or is destroyed under such a directed energy attack, which the equipped vessel will use as an opportunity to evade and escape. In passive mode, Testudo equipped vessels use their passive arrays to replace the thousands of hydrophones common on so many classes. These broadband, ultra-high resolution sensors pick up the tiniest of resonances or disturbances in water; from a clam shutting its shell on the seabed kilometers away to whales turning silently in deep water or the hum of a diesel-electric submarine running only on batteries, Testudo uses supercomputer-driven digital signal processing to detect and classify as never before the world around it underwater by listening with great sensitivity. Sounds as low as 20 db can be heard at distances greater than 50 km, though the exact passive capability is classified.

GXN-990 is a solid state AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) radar operating simultaneously and coherently in the EHF and L-Band modes. The GXN is comprised of four 36-element arrays, or synthetic apertures mounted on the deckhouse of the vessel to which it is fitted, facing 90 degrees apart. The beams vertical elevation, horizontal training and compensation for ship movement is accomplished electronically while shifting frequencies randomly more than 2,000 times per second. Each array transmits 20 kilowatts through its 7,200 carbon nanotube apertures and each is cooled by 75,000 BTU coldplates.

The methodology used by the 990 is called Video Synthetic Aperture Radar / Surface Moving Target Indicator, or ViSAR/SMTI, which denies the enemy to protect themselves by operating in cloudy weather, or while other atmospheric conditions such as dust, smoke or haze would otherwise hinder optical detection. The GXN-990 is a 3D radar system, effective against stealthy aircraft and missiles, providing capability to track and analyze three-dimensional objects against clutter, in poor conditions and in the littoral environment. The system's large sensitivity allows for the early detection and tracking of very small and/or stealthy aircraft and missiles, very small boats, mines, vehicles or even troop movements.

The accurate 3D target information provides an essential contribution to the threat evaluation process, especially in multiple attack scenarios and it allows the fire control system to lock-on rapidly. The maximum range of the system is 500 kilometers and more than 70 degrees of elevation, at which the system can track more than 1,000 targets simultaneously. The GXN-990 is said to be able to detect even the stealthiest missiles at 100 km and is able to detect and track outer atmosphere objects at short range, making it an essential part of a Theatre Ballistic Missile Defence system. The GXN provides a “God’s eye view” of moving objects throughout the area of operations, despite the dark of night, the smoke of oil fires, or the dust of sandstorms.

The ability to precisely and accurately strike enemy forces from the sea—sometimes when in close contact with friendly forces in near-zero visibility while accurately highlighting movement on the surface against clutter and in extremely poor visibility conditions means that the Anubis's fire control system or allied forces will have maximum accuracy for the use of weapons systems, even in complex and chaotic situations, in the poorest of conditions. GXN-990 provides a continuous observation capability, maximizing detection resolution, even to the point of being able to accurately pinpoint enemy troop movements on foot on land or the movement of small, hand-launched drones.

The Testudo Mk. II system is a passive/active vessel defense mechanism with integrated sensors and fire control for offensive and defensive weapons. This "system of systems" incorporates a variety of sensors to provide precise, millisecond-accurate information to the vessel while remaining a compact and unobtrusive system. Several layers of passive and active defense extend out tens of kilometers from the vessel itself and can provide an umbrella of protection to ground, sea or air assets operating nearby. Testudo protects the vessel from all types of guided and unguided threats including laser, radar, infrared or optically-guided missiles, direct and indirect fire artillery, rockets, grenades and mortars. Integrated counter-battery, direct and indirect fire control suites broadcast firing solutions to all allied assets in the area in addition to automatic weapon selection and firing solutions for its own weapons. For the vessel's own weapons suite, Testudo dramatically increases the effectiveness of all types of onboard weapons including direct fire cannons and guns; for defensive weapons, the system provides a very high rate of interception, increasing the vessel's survivability by orders of magnitude over a ship not equipped with it. The Testudo Mk. II system is fully networked as one unified system with all sensors, offensive and defensive weapons and the SANMEN communications suite. The onboard computer integrates this information, allowing the crew to make the most informed decisions possible, staying constantly connected to the command structure.

Ships equipped with Testudo house an extremely powerful central computer system which handles not only all the functions required by the ship, its sensors and weapons systems, but the duties of fusing information streamed from all other allied sources into a unified picture of the battlespace. The computer chosen for this purpose was a scalar-cabinet air cooled supercomputer, built as a collaboration between Cray Supercomputer and Advanced Micro Devices, or AMD. The computer is housed near the ship's reactor inside the absorption refrigerator where it can take advantage of the chilled atmosphere to cool itself. The computer is housed in six sequential cabinets, and is modeled on the Cray XK7 Supercomputer. In total, the computer uses 576 Opteron 6386 processors with 9,216 cores, supported by 72 terabytes of Radeon ECC DDR3 1333 SDRAM. The processors and memory are aided by 576 FirePro S10000 GPU's with 3.375 terabytes of GDDR5 memory and the entire system contains 576 LSI Nytro WarpDrive BFH8-3200 Flash Accelerators with 1,800 terabytes of solid state MLC hard drive space. Data is carried throughout the ship on armored, 500-strand glass fiber optic cable.

The computer system manages all functions of the ship, its powerplant, communications network, sensor suite and weapons, resolves raw data and processes it into usable information, integrating that data with information from all sources to create a single, unified picture of the entire battlespace and all of the personnel and resources within it. This system provides the ship with 600+ teraflops of computing power and sub-microsecond latency for an incredibly versatile central computer capable of handling the most demanding loads and intense calculations. The ship's onboard computer provides stunningly clear, accurate and fast sensor fusion from multiple sources, blended cohesively and rendered flawlessly, broadcasting that networked, unified picture back across the communications network to allied resources, ensuring that all friendly troops have the most complete intelligence and latest information possible.

Testudo Mk. II includes an onboard inertial guidance suite for navigation, which only periodically references GPS as a redundant calibration check, but is considered extremely accurate without any access to GPS whatsoever. The guidance package makes use of numerous breakthroughs in micro-scale construction and computing. The Timing and Inertial Measurement Unit is an array of dozens of tiny blown, ground and polished quartz mushroom and wineglass gyroscopic sensors, coupled to a powerful master clock and linked to accelerometers and magnetometers, measuring six axes of rotation, synchronized in real time and sensor-fused to provide highly accurate tracking of time, altitude, distance and course. A path can be laid out pre-mission or during a mission, which is translated onto GPS-synchronized maps with turn by turn corrections displayed on a map overlay for the crew, with terrain features and intelligence information from the SANMEN communications network. A ring-laser gyroscope provides a secondary, redundant but highly accurate reference which is used for constant check and recalibration of the Micro-PNT/TIMU system. The extremely accurate information generated by the Tetsudo Mk. II guidance system is capable of delivering the vessel on target with pinpoint accuracy, in most cases inside three meters of the predesignated point, all without any reference to global positioning satellites whatsoever and only using onboard communications receivers for mid-course correction.

The Tetsudo II is the primary Electronic Warfare (EW) Suite of this warship. However, should it collapse for any reason, which is unlikely considering the reliability of this system, all systems will be managed by the Secondary Electronics Suite, or SES. The SES is activated 1.5 seconds after the Tetsudo II system collapses and acts as an effective failsafe, organising all electronics capabilities of the ship. Additionally, the SES entails the Ship Self-Defense System (SSDS), a combat system specifically designed for anti-air defence of warships. It coordinates several legacy shipboard systems as well as major acquisition programs. Multi-sensor integration, parallel processing and the coordination of hardkill/softkill capabilities in an automated, doctrine-based response to the ASCM threats are the cornerstones of the SSDS. The SSDS system coordinates all the ship's existing sensors, self-defense weapons and countermeasures into a unified, distributed, open-architecture system. It provides the ship with automated and rapid-reacting anti-air defenses, aimed particularly at countering the sea-skimming anti-ship missile threat. It is largely based on commercial off-the-shelf systems. The automated integration of these sensor and weapon systems, which have traditionally been stand-alone units, greatly shortens the detect-to-engage cycle. Although SSDS does not improve the capability of individual sensors, it fuses the active and passive sensors and provides a more complete picture and enhances target automatic tracking to form a composite track.

Also, a Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS) has been installed to treat all combustible solid waste generated on board the ship. A plasma torch uses an inert gas such as steam. The electrodes vary from copper or tungsten to hafnium or zirconium, along with various other alloys. A strong electric current under high voltage passes between the two electrodes as an electric arc. Pressurised inert gas is ionized passing through the plasma created by the arc. The torch's temperature ranges from 2,200 to 13,900 °C. The temperature of the plasma reaction determines the structure of the plasma and forming gas. This can be optimized to minimize ballast contents, composed of the byproducts of oxidation. At these conditions molecular dissociation can occur by breaking down molecular bonds. The resulting elemental components are in a gaseous phase. Complex molecules are separated into individual atoms. Molecular dissociation using plasma is referred to as "plasma pyrolysis."

Munitions and ammunition handling is accomplished using a highly mechanised weapons handling system (HMWHS). This is a first naval application of a common land-based warehouse system. The HMWHS moves palletised munitions from the magazines and weapon preparation areas, along track ways and via several lifts, forward and aft or port and starboard. The tracks can carry a pallet to magazines, the hangar, weapons preparation areas, and the flight deck. In a change from normal procedures the magazines are unmanned, the movement of pallets is controlled from a central location, and manpower is only required when munitions are being initially stored or prepared for use. This system speeds up delivery and reduces the size of the crew by automation.

The Lysander Class is moved by one Kinisis 756 Nuclear Reactor, capable of producing 170 Megawatts of electricity. This is a molten salt reactor (MSR), which is a class of nuclear fission reactors in which the primary coolant, or even the fuel itself, is a molten salt mixture. MSRs run at higher temperatures than water-cooled reactors for higher thermodynamic efficiency, while staying at low vapor pressure. The salt mixture utilised in this instance is FLiBe, which is a mixture of lithium fluoride (LiF) and beryllium fluoride (BeF2). As a molten salt it is used as a nuclear reactor coolant having a melting point of 459°C, a boiling point of 1430°C, and a density of 1.94 g/cm3. Its heat capacity is 4540 kJ/m3, which is similar to that of water, more than four times that of sodium, and more than 200 times that of helium (at typical reactor conditions). That reactor boasts a number of advantages, primarily safety and efficiency, given that the design is inherently simple. The energy produced in the Miltiades Class is more than enough to power all electronic components of this design.

The ship's offensive capability is provided by one Type 9950 100 mm Cannon, alongside 500 VLS modules (to be used with anti-to-air and/or anti-ship missiles), four Type 370 40 mm CIWS and a series of countermeasures such as the AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System and AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys. Decoy employment is used primarily to defend against anti-ship missiles which have avoided detection and penetrated to the terminal-defense area that represents an imminent threat to the ship. Also, the Miltiades Class is equipped wit. The ship can house one medium-sized helicopter.

The Type 9950 is a 100 mm naval cannon, designed by Palaimachos Arms. This system consists of an advanced 100 mm gun, with an elevation of 29°/s, traverse of 40°/s, a rate of fire of 78 round/min, a muzzle velocity of870 m/s, an effective range of 17,000 m and the fully automated storage system has room for 2,000 rounds. The barrel is water-cooled to prevent overheating and allows a rate of fire of 10 rounds per minute. This is a direct fire weapon, and it can therefore discharge all ammunition types for cannons with a 140mm in diameter. The ship needs not take ballast water in order to stabilise itself in order to fire it's gun. It features a completely automatic action and control. The ammunition is stored in a magazine underneath the turret, and fed to the gun by a lift regularly manned by two crewmen. A flexible pipe allows feeding the gun under any orientation.

Rounds of ammunition are fed automatically; empty shell is ejected through an evacuation door on the front of the turret after firing. Cooling is provided by water circulating in layers of steel around the tube of the gun, and by an injection of air and water after every shot.The turret can be used in three modes:

• Remote control by the main weapon control system, from the Operation Center
• Remote control from a secondary weapon control system
• Manual control by the joystick at the left of the gun.

In manual mode, two crewmen serve the turret: the gunner, at the left of the gun, uses a joystick to point the gun, and optic ranging and aiming instruments to direct the fire; the observer monitors the operations from the back of the turret. Aiming is performed by two electric motors, one for the elevation (left of the turret) and the other for the traverse (right of the turret). Two hydraulic systems feed the gun. The gun can also be moved manually for maintenance. Since it is installed on the bow deck of warships, these turrets are often exposed to breaking waves and humidity. To prevent corrosion and mechanical problems, the turret is made water-tight by rubber joints. The gun itself is sealed by a rubber tampion, which is automatically-placed and can be shot through in case of emergency. The plexiglas viewbay used to manually aim the gun is usually protected by a steel cover.

The Type 370 Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) has been developed for the Eagleland Navy by Hyperion Defence Ltd of the Eagleland. The Type 370 CIWS entails a six-barreled 40mm Gatling gun, with a rate of fire of approximately 5,500 rounds per minute, which is linked to the GXN-990 system of the ship, whilst also including it's very own TPS-830K surveillance and fire-control radar, an electro-optical targeting system (EOTS), panoramic periscope, forward looking infrared system (FLIR), laser rangefinder (LRF), and a thermal sight. The combined targeting system of EOTS, FLIR, and LRF has a targeting range of 7 km. The TPS-830K radar can detect and track a 2 m2-RCS target from a range of 17 km.

The TPS-830K radar is an X-band (8 to 12.5 GHz) surveillance and fire-control pulse-Doppler radar, specialized for use against low-flying aircraft. Its features include real-time early warning, multiple target detection, an integral L-band (1 to 2 GHz) Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) subsystem, pulse compression, frequency agility, and adaptive moving target indication as an anti-chaff measure. It supplies ballistic computation data to the digital fire-control system to direct the aim of the electro-optical targeting system, which then aligns the 40 mm guns with the target for accurate fire. The secondary FLIR system and laser rangefinder supplements the TPS-830K radar to provide additional targeting means in case the radar is rendered inoperative, or is turned off to retain the element of surprise against aircraft that are equipped with radar warning receivers.

The Type 370 also includes four anti-air missiles, as part of it's overall system, and has a range of 4,000 metres, an ammunition storage of 3,500 rounds of ammunition (which can be reloaded through the ship's automated reloading process), a reaction time of four seconds to Mach 2 missiles, elevation −25 to +85 degrees and full 180 Degree Traverse or full 360 Degree traverse, depending on the system's location on the ship. It is an autonomous and completely automatic weapon system for short-range defense of ships against highly maneuverable missiles, aircraft and fast maneuvering surface vessels. Once activated the system automatically performs the entire process from surveillance and detection to destruction, including selection of the next priority target.

The MK 36 Super Rapid Bloom Offboard Countermeasures (SRBOC) Chaff and Decoy Launching System is a deck-mounted, mortar-type countermeasure system that may be used to launch an array of chaff cartridges against a variety of threats. The purpose of the system is to confuse hostile missile guidance and fire control systems by creating false signals. The launching system is controlled from the Combat Information Center and is dependent on information provided by the detection and threat analysis equipment on the ship.

The DLS MK 36 Mod 12 is a morter-tube launched decoy countermeasures system that projects decoys aloft at specific heights and ranges. Each DLS launcher includes six fixed-angle (elevation) tubes: four tubes set at 45 degrees and two tubes set at 60 degrees. Decoy selection and firing is controlled from either the EW console of the bridge launcher control. The DLS launches the following types of decoys: SRBOC - which uses chaff to deceive RF-emitting missiles/radars, NATO Sea Gnat - which is similar to SRBOC but with extended range and a larget payload of chaff, and TORCH - which uses heat to deceive infrarad-seeking missiles.

The Torpedo Countermeasures Transmitting Set AN/SLQ-25B, commonly referred to as Nixie, is a passive, electro-acoustic decoy system used to provide deceptive countermeasures against acoustic homing torpedoes. The AN/SLQ-25B employs an underwater acoustic projector housed in a streamlined body which is towed astern on a combination tow/signal-transfer coaxial cable. An on board generated signal is used by the towed body to produce an acoustic signal to decoy the hostile torpedo away from the ship. It also includes a fiber optic display LAN, a torpedo alertment capability and a towed array sensor. The decoy emits signals to draw a torpedo away from its intended target. The Nixie attempts to defeat a torpedo's passive sonar by emitting simulated ship noise, such as propeller and engine noise, which is more attractive than the ship to the torpedo's sensors.

Protection against electromagnetic interference and EMP attack is provided by the use of fiber optic cabling and circuitry composed of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) where possible. Additional protections are provided by utilization of antennas and power connections with surge protectors designed specifically to defend against EMP attack and the crew area is coated with a conductive coating.

The Lysander Class DDGN is built using a double-hull design. Originally used in civilian cargo ships (primarily tankers, especially after the Exxon Valdez accident in 1989), the double-hull, however expensive, serves two particular purposes; firstly, it provides additional protection from collisions, allisions and groundings; secondly, it provides room for ballast tanks and the use of Adaptiv Plates. Adaptiv is an active camouflage technology developed by BAE Systems to protect military vehicles from detection by near infrared night vision devices. It consists of an array of hexagonal Peltier plates which can be rapidly heated and cooled to form any desired image, such as of the natural background or of a non-target object. Peltier cooling plates take advantage of what is known as the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials. This effect is commonly used for cooling electronic components and small instruments. There are no moving parts and such a device is maintenance-free. In such a way, these plates can either conceal or mask the infrared identity of the vehicle with other objects. Adaptiv plates are placed inside the main armour, so that the process of the conduction of heat will transfer that new heat signature to the rest of the vehicle. Given that ships of this size are impossible to shield from FLIR, the Adaptiv plates provide sufficient signature reduction from FLIR detection.

Also, the shape of the hull and the superstructures is devised for the optimal reduction of the radar signature. Stealth is achieved with inclined flanks, as few vertical lines as possible, and very clean lines and superstructures: stairs and mooring equipment are internal, and prominent structures are covered by clear surfaces. The superstructures are built using radar-absorbent synthetic materials. The radar cross section is equivalent to that of a large fishing boat, which can make camouflage amidst civilian ships possible; or that of a much less capable corvette, which could lead an enemy to underestimate the capabilities of the ship. In case of a direct attack, the small radar signature helps evade enemy missiles and fire control systems. The Lysander Class DDGNs are also equipped with jammers that can generate false radar images. It's exhaust entails a heat supression system to mix hot air from the reactor with cool air from outside, further reducing thermal signatures. The usual funnel is replaced with a small sets of pipes, aft of the mast, which cool the exit gas before it is released.

The magnetic signature is reduced by the presence of a demagnetisation belt. A steel-hulled ship is like a huge floating magnet with a large magnetic field surrounding it. As the ship moves through the water, this field also moves and adds to or subtracts from the Earth's magnetic field. Because of its distortion effects on the Earth's magnetic field, the ship can act as a trigger device for magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices which are designed to detect these distortions. The degaussing system is installed aboard ship to reduce the ship's effect on the Earth's magnetic field. In order to accomplish this, the change in the Earth's field about the ship's hull is "canceled" by controlling the electric current flowing through degaussing coils wound in specific locations within the hull. This, in turn, reduces the possibility of detection by these magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices. The system used for demagnetisation includes a Main coil, an Athwartship coil and a Forecastle-Induced - Quarterdeck-Induced coil.

A Main Coil (M) compensates the induced and permanent vertical components of the ship's magnetic field (Z zone). It is installed in the horizontal plane at the waterline. As the ship changes hemispheres the coil current polarity must be manually adjusted. The Athwartship coil (A) is installed in the vertical plane and extends from the keel to the main deck. It compensates the athwartship induced and athwartship's permanent components of the ship's magnetic field. The A coil current consists of permanent and induced components. The Forecastle induced - Quarterdeck induced coils (FI-QI) are located in the same area as the FP-QP coils, they compensate for the longitudinal induced component of the ship's magnetic field. The FI-QI current is proportional to the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field along the ship's longitudinal axis. The FI-QI coil current is manually changed, by shifting the "H zone" switch on the switchboard, when the ship's location changes H zones. The degaussing system automatically compensates for heading changes by converting a gyro input signal to a magnetic heading.

The acoustic signature is minimized by mounting the engines on elastic supports, as to transmit as little vibrations to the hull as possible, and by rubber coating on the propellers. Finally, Vital zones are armoured in Kevlar, and important systems are redundant. The crew is protected against biological, chemical and nuclear environments. The hull has a pronounced angle at the stem, with a short forecastle that integrates directly into the superstructure. The ship's sides have a negative inclination of 10 degrees. The single anchor is located exactly on the stem, into which it is completely recessed. The deck where the seamanship equipment and capstans are installed is internal in order to hide it from radar. The superstructure is built in one piece and directly integrates into the hull, with only a change in inclination. A platform is located between the main gun and the bridge.

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Specifications

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-Name: Lysander Class
-Type: Destroyer, Nuclear (DDGN)
-Country of Origin: The Eagleland

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-Designer: Poseidon Military Maritime Industry, LLC, Myrmidon Tactical Design
-Designed: 2007-2010
-Manufacturer: Palaimachos Arms (as of 2013)
-Produced: 2010 - Present
-Number built: 2,500

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-Weight: 65,000 tons
-Length: 268 m
-Breadth: 34.5 m
-Draft: 12 m
-Crew: 50 Officers, 200 Enlisted
-Armor: 64 mm Kevlar over vital spaces.
-Armament: 1x Type 9950 100 mm Cannon, 500× VLS modules, 4 × 40 mm CIWS, AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System, AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys
-Aircraft Carried: 1
-Engine: 1x Kinisis 756 Nuclear Reactor (170 MW)
-Fuel capacity: Unlimited
-Range: Unlimited
-Speed: 30 knots

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Export Policy

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Currently, as of December 2013, Palaimachos Arms Limited offers the Miltiades Class DDGN to military customers at the cost of two billion, five hundred million NationStates Dollars per unit (NS$2,500,000,000). Domestic Production Rights Licences are are available for seven hundred and fifty billion NationStates Dollars (NS$750,000,000,000). Produced vehicles and Domestic Production Rights may not be re-sold to other foreign entities or states or subjects without authorisation from Palaimachos Arms Limited.

[The Eagleland]

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History

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The Konstantinos Palaiologos Class Cruisers (Greek: Καταδρομικό Κλάσης Κωνσταντίνου Παλαιολόγου) are a class of cruiser for the Eagleland Navy, manufactured by Poseidon Military Maritime Industry, LLC, now owned by Palaimachos Arms Limited, in a joint effort with Myrmidon Tactical Design, which has replaced all previous cruisers in the Eagleland Navy. As of 2013, there are 2,500 Konstantinos Palaiologos Class Destroyers in the Eagleland Navy.

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Characteristics

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The Konstantinos Palaiologos Class CGN is a revolutionary warship, achieving new standards in cruiser design. Extensive measures were taken to both enhance the firepower of the warship and minimise it's signature, as well as an enhanced Electronic Warfare suite. Another notable feature of the this class of ships is the bridge, which incorporates five main systems; the Tetsudo Mk.II, the SFT-1221, Sensor Fused Targeting Array, the HMS-717, Hull-Mounted Sonar (all three of which were the contribution of Myrmidon Tactical Design to the project since it's inception), the A/N SPY-3 AESA Radar and the Tomb Stone Ladar. The latter is manufactured under licence from LG Defense Systems.The Tomb Stone Ladar can detect a missile-sized target flying at an altitude of 60 meters (200 ft) at least 40 km away, at an altitude of 100 meters at least 60 km away, and at high altitude up to 175 km away. The AN/SPY-3 is a shipboard Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) system. It operates in the X-band radar frequencies; X-band functionality (8 to 12 GHz frequency range) is optimal for minimizing low-altitude propagation effects, narrow beam width for best tracking accuracy, wide frequency bandwidth for effective target discrimination, and the target illumination for Anti-Air Missiles.

The X-band has, in general, favorable low-altitude propagation characteristics, which readily support the horizon search functionality of the AN/SPY-3. A large operating bandwidth is required to mitigate large propagation variations due to meteorological conditions. The system uses commercial off the shelf (COTS) computers and has reduced manning requirements for operation and maintenance. A number of operation and maintenance functions can be completely automated. It also has the capability to perform a volume search functionality. Shipboard operators will be able to optimize the SPY-3 MFR for either horizon search or volume search. While optimized for volume search, the horizon search capability is limited and vice versa. The A/N SPY-3 and the Tomb Stone Ladar are secondary radar systems, to be activated automatically in case the main electronics platform of the ship, managed by the Tetsudo II system, malfunction.

Housed in the bulbous bow at the ship's forefoot, the HMS-717 is a computer controlled solid state 6th generation synthetic aperture passive/active sonar, using the vessel's computer to provide ultra high resolution signal processing. Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is a form of sonar in which sophisticated post-processing of sonar data are used in ways closely analogous to synthetic aperture radar. Synthetic aperture sonars combine a number of acoustic pings to form an image with much higher resolution than conventional sonars, typically 10 times higher.

The principle of synthetic aperture sonar is to move a sonar along a line and illuminate the same spot on the sea floor with several pings. This produces a synthetic array equal to the distance traveled. By coherent reorganization of the data from all the pings, a synthetic aperture image is produced with improved along-track resolution. In contrast to conventional side-scan sonar, SAS processing provides range-independent along-track resolution. At maximum range the resolution can be magnitudes better than that of side-scan sonars. The 717 uses extremely low frequency pairs of twinned inverted pulses in very shallow "sweeps" that narrow the band to minimize detection by nearby vessels, so a complete and extremely detailed picture of the seafloor and surrounding areas may be taken with little danger.

With a range of 50km even in deep water HMS-717 has the ability to use twinned pair pulses to "see" through underwater obscurants such as thermoclines, haze or bubble clouds. Even in the littoral, vessel commanders will be aware of objects on the bottom or nearby contours of the sea floor other vessels and even animals within a great range as though looking through a window out into the ocean. In the event of a torpedo attack on a Testudo equipped vessel, all passive arrays are switched off and active arrays are turned on at maximum power in the direction of both the attacking torpedo and the hostile submarine. This has the effect of blowing out the sonar array on the hostile torpedo and ship, which causes the enemy vessel and its weapons to lose target solution and very often, forcing the enemy submarine to power down its sonar array.

The torpedo's sensitive guidance system very often malfunctions or is destroyed under such a directed energy attack, which the equipped vessel will use as an opportunity to evade and escape. In passive mode, Testudo equipped vessels use their passive arrays to replace the thousands of hydrophones common on so many classes. These broadband, ultra-high resolution sensors pick up the tiniest of resonances or disturbances in water; from a clam shutting its shell on the seabed kilometers away to whales turning silently in deep water or the hum of a diesel-electric submarine running only on batteries, Testudo uses supercomputer-driven digital signal processing to detect and classify as never before the world around it underwater by listening with great sensitivity. Sounds as low as 20 db can be heard at distances greater than 50 km, though the exact passive capability is classified.

GXN-990 is a solid state AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) radar operating simultaneously and coherently in the EHF and L-Band modes. The GXN is comprised of four 36-element arrays, or synthetic apertures mounted on the deckhouse of the vessel to which it is fitted, facing 90 degrees apart. The beams vertical elevation, horizontal training and compensation for ship movement is accomplished electronically while shifting frequencies randomly more than 2,000 times per second. Each array transmits 20 kilowatts through its 7,200 carbon nanotube apertures and each is cooled by 75,000 BTU coldplates.

The methodology used by the 990 is called Video Synthetic Aperture Radar / Surface Moving Target Indicator, or ViSAR/SMTI, which denies the enemy to protect themselves by operating in cloudy weather, or while other atmospheric conditions such as dust, smoke or haze would otherwise hinder optical detection. The GXN-990 is a 3D radar system, effective against stealthy aircraft and missiles, providing capability to track and analyze three-dimensional objects against clutter, in poor conditions and in the littoral environment. The system's large sensitivity allows for the early detection and tracking of very small and/or stealthy aircraft and missiles, very small boats, mines, vehicles or even troop movements.

The accurate 3D target information provides an essential contribution to the threat evaluation process, especially in multiple attack scenarios and it allows the fire control system to lock-on rapidly. The maximum range of the system is 500 kilometers and more than 70 degrees of elevation, at which the system can track more than 1,000 targets simultaneously. The GXN-990 is said to be able to detect even the stealthiest missiles at 100 km and is able to detect and track outer atmosphere objects at short range, making it an essential part of a Theatre Ballistic Missile Defence system. The GXN provides a “God’s eye view” of moving objects throughout the area of operations, despite the dark of night, the smoke of oil fires, or the dust of sandstorms.

The ability to precisely and accurately strike enemy forces from the sea—sometimes when in close contact with friendly forces in near-zero visibility while accurately highlighting movement on the surface against clutter and in extremely poor visibility conditions means that the Anubis's fire control system or allied forces will have maximum accuracy for the use of weapons systems, even in complex and chaotic situations, in the poorest of conditions. GXN-990 provides a continuous observation capability, maximizing detection resolution, even to the point of being able to accurately pinpoint enemy troop movements on foot on land or the movement of small, hand-launched drones.

The Testudo Mk. II system is a passive/active vessel defense mechanism with integrated sensors and fire control for offensive and defensive weapons. This "system of systems" incorporates a variety of sensors to provide precise, millisecond-accurate information to the vessel while remaining a compact and unobtrusive system. Several layers of passive and active defense extend out tens of kilometers from the vessel itself and can provide an umbrella of protection to ground, sea or air assets operating nearby. Testudo protects the vessel from all types of guided and unguided threats including laser, radar, infrared or optically-guided missiles, direct and indirect fire artillery, rockets, grenades and mortars. Integrated counter-battery, direct and indirect fire control suites broadcast firing solutions to all allied assets in the area in addition to automatic weapon selection and firing solutions for its own weapons. For the vessel's own weapons suite, Testudo dramatically increases the effectiveness of all types of onboard weapons including direct fire cannons and guns; for defensive weapons, the system provides a very high rate of interception, increasing the vessel's survivability by orders of magnitude over a ship not equipped with it. The Testudo Mk. II system is fully networked as one unified system with all sensors, offensive and defensive weapons and the SANMEN communications suite. The onboard computer integrates this information, allowing the crew to make the most informed decisions possible, staying constantly connected to the command structure.

Ships equipped with Testudo house an extremely powerful central computer system which handles not only all the functions required by the ship, its sensors and weapons systems, but the duties of fusing information streamed from all other allied sources into a unified picture of the battlespace. The computer chosen for this purpose was a scalar-cabinet air cooled supercomputer, built as a collaboration between Cray Supercomputer and Advanced Micro Devices, or AMD. The computer is housed near the ship's reactor inside the absorption refrigerator where it can take advantage of the chilled atmosphere to cool itself. The computer is housed in six sequential cabinets, and is modeled on the Cray XK7 Supercomputer. In total, the computer uses 576 Opteron 6386 processors with 9,216 cores, supported by 72 terabytes of Radeon ECC DDR3 1333 SDRAM. The processors and memory are aided by 576 FirePro S10000 GPU's with 3.375 terabytes of GDDR5 memory and the entire system contains 576 LSI Nytro WarpDrive BFH8-3200 Flash Accelerators with 1,800 terabytes of solid state MLC hard drive space. Data is carried throughout the ship on armored, 500-strand glass fiber optic cable.

The computer system manages all functions of the ship, its powerplant, communications network, sensor suite and weapons, resolves raw data and processes it into usable information, integrating that data with information from all sources to create a single, unified picture of the entire battlespace and all of the personnel and resources within it. This system provides the ship with 600+ teraflops of computing power and sub-microsecond latency for an incredibly versatile central computer capable of handling the most demanding loads and intense calculations. The ship's onboard computer provides stunningly clear, accurate and fast sensor fusion from multiple sources, blended cohesively and rendered flawlessly, broadcasting that networked, unified picture back across the communications network to allied resources, ensuring that all friendly troops have the most complete intelligence and latest information possible.

Testudo Mk. II includes an onboard inertial guidance suite for navigation, which only periodically references GPS as a redundant calibration check, but is considered extremely accurate without any access to GPS whatsoever. The guidance package makes use of numerous breakthroughs in micro-scale construction and computing. The Timing and Inertial Measurement Unit is an array of dozens of tiny blown, ground and polished quartz mushroom and wineglass gyroscopic sensors, coupled to a powerful master clock and linked to accelerometers and magnetometers, measuring six axes of rotation, synchronized in real time and sensor-fused to provide highly accurate tracking of time, altitude, distance and course. A path can be laid out pre-mission or during a mission, which is translated onto GPS-synchronized maps with turn by turn corrections displayed on a map overlay for the crew, with terrain features and intelligence information from the SANMEN communications network. A ring-laser gyroscope provides a secondary, redundant but highly accurate reference which is used for constant check and recalibration of the Micro-PNT/TIMU system. The extremely accurate information generated by the Tetsudo Mk. II guidance system is capable of delivering the vessel on target with pinpoint accuracy, in most cases inside three meters of the predesignated point, all without any reference to global positioning satellites whatsoever and only using onboard communications receivers for mid-course correction.

The Tetsudo II is the primary Electronic Warfare (EW) Suite of this warship. However, should it collapse for any reason, which is unlikely considering the reliability of this system, all systems will be managed by the Secondary Electronics Suite, or SES. The SES is activated 1.5 seconds after the Tetsudo II system collapses and acts as an effective failsafe, organising all electronics capabilities of the ship. Additionally, the SES entails the Ship Self-Defense System (SSDS), a combat system specifically designed for anti-air defence of warships. It coordinates several legacy shipboard systems as well as major acquisition programs. Multi-sensor integration, parallel processing and the coordination of hardkill/softkill capabilities in an automated, doctrine-based response to the ASCM threats are the cornerstones of the SSDS. The SSDS system coordinates all the ship's existing sensors, self-defense weapons and countermeasures into a unified, distributed, open-architecture system. It provides the ship with automated and rapid-reacting anti-air defenses, aimed particularly at countering the sea-skimming anti-ship missile threat. It is largely based on commercial off-the-shelf systems. The automated integration of these sensor and weapon systems, which have traditionally been stand-alone units, greatly shortens the detect-to-engage cycle. Although SSDS does not improve the capability of individual sensors, it fuses the active and passive sensors and provides a more complete picture and enhances target automatic tracking to form a composite track.

Also, a Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS) has been installed to treat all combustible solid waste generated on board the ship. A plasma torch uses an inert gas such as steam. The electrodes vary from copper or tungsten to hafnium or zirconium, along with various other alloys. A strong electric current under high voltage passes between the two electrodes as an electric arc. Pressurised inert gas is ionized passing through the plasma created by the arc. The torch's temperature ranges from 2,200 to 13,900 °C. The temperature of the plasma reaction determines the structure of the plasma and forming gas. This can be optimized to minimize ballast contents, composed of the byproducts of oxidation. At these conditions molecular dissociation can occur by breaking down molecular bonds. The resulting elemental components are in a gaseous phase. Complex molecules are separated into individual atoms. Molecular dissociation using plasma is referred to as "plasma pyrolysis."

Munitions and ammunition handling is accomplished using a highly mechanised weapons handling system (HMWHS). This is a first naval application of a common land-based warehouse system. The HMWHS moves palletised munitions from the magazines and weapon preparation areas, along track ways and via several lifts, forward and aft or port and starboard. The tracks can carry a pallet to magazines, the hangar, weapons preparation areas, and the flight deck. In a change from normal procedures the magazines are unmanned, the movement of pallets is controlled from a central location, and manpower is only required when munitions are being initially stored or prepared for use. This system speeds up delivery and reduces the size of the crew by automation.

The Konstantinos Palaiologos Class is moved by one Kinisis 756 Nuclear Reactor, capable of producing 170 Megawatts of electricity. This is a molten salt reactor (MSR), which is a class of nuclear fission reactors in which the primary coolant, or even the fuel itself, is a molten salt mixture. MSRs run at higher temperatures than water-cooled reactors for higher thermodynamic efficiency, while staying at low vapor pressure. The salt mixture utilised in this instance is FLiBe, which is a mixture of lithium fluoride (LiF) and beryllium fluoride (BeF2). As a molten salt it is used as a nuclear reactor coolant having a melting point of 459°C, a boiling point of 1430°C, and a density of 1.94 g/cm3. Its heat capacity is 4540 kJ/m3, which is similar to that of water, more than four times that of sodium, and more than 200 times that of helium (at typical reactor conditions). That reactor boasts a number of advantages, primarily safety and efficiency, given that the design is inherently simple. The energy produced in the Themistocles Class is more than enough to power all electronic components of this design.

The ship's offensive capability is provided by one Type 9950 100mm Cannon, alongside 800 VLS modules (to be used with anti-to-air and/or anti-ship missiles), five Type 370 40 mm CIWS and a series of countermeasures such as the AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System and AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys. Decoy employment is used primarily to defend against anti-ship missiles which have avoided detection and penetrated to the terminal-defense area that represents an imminent threat to the ship. Also, the Miltiades Class is equipped wit. The ship can house one medium-sized helicopter.

The Type 9950 is a 100 mm naval cannon, designed by Palaimachos Arms. This system consists of an advanced 100 mm gun, with an elevation of 29°/s, traverse of 40°/s, a rate of fire of 78 round/min, a muzzle velocity of870 m/s, an effective range of 17,000 m and the fully automated storage system has room for 2,000 rounds. The barrel is water-cooled to prevent overheating and allows a rate of fire of 10 rounds per minute. This is a direct fire weapon, and it can therefore discharge all ammunition types for cannons with a 140mm in diameter. The ship needs not take ballast water in order to stabilise itself in order to fire it's gun. It features a completely automatic action and control. The ammunition is stored in a magazine underneath the turret, and fed to the gun by a lift regularly manned by two crewmen. A flexible pipe allows feeding the gun under any orientation.

Rounds of ammunition are fed automatically; empty shell is ejected through an evacuation door on the front of the turret after firing. Cooling is provided by water circulating in layers of steel around the tube of the gun, and by an injection of air and water after every shot.The turret can be used in three modes:

• Remote control by the main weapon control system, from the Operation Center
• Remote control from a secondary weapon control system
• Manual control by the joystick at the left of the gun.

In manual mode, two crewmen serve the turret: the gunner, at the left of the gun, uses a joystick to point the gun, and optic ranging and aiming instruments to direct the fire; the observer monitors the operations from the back of the turret. Aiming is performed by two electric motors, one for the elevation (left of the turret) and the other for the traverse (right of the turret). Two hydraulic systems feed the gun. The gun can also be moved manually for maintenance. Since it is installed on the bow deck of warships, these turrets are often exposed to breaking waves and humidity. To prevent corrosion and mechanical problems, the turret is made water-tight by rubber joints. The gun itself is sealed by a rubber tampion, which is automatically-placed and can be shot through in case of emergency. The plexiglas viewbay used to manually aim the gun is usually protected by a steel cover.

The Type 370 Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) has been developed for the Eagleland Navy by Hyperion Defence Ltd of the Eagleland. The Type 370 CIWS entails a six-barreled 40mm Gatling gun, with a rate of fire of approximately 5,500 rounds per minute, which is linked to the GXN-990 system of the ship, whilst also including it's very own TPS-830K surveillance and fire-control radar, an electro-optical targeting system (EOTS), panoramic periscope, forward looking infrared system (FLIR), laser rangefinder (LRF), and a thermal sight. The combined targeting system of EOTS, FLIR, and LRF has a targeting range of 7 km. The TPS-830K radar can detect and track a 2 m2-RCS target from a range of 17 km.

The TPS-830K radar is an X-band (8 to 12.5 GHz) surveillance and fire-control pulse-Doppler radar, specialized for use against low-flying aircraft. Its features include real-time early warning, multiple target detection, an integral L-band (1 to 2 GHz) Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) subsystem, pulse compression, frequency agility, and adaptive moving target indication as an anti-chaff measure. It supplies ballistic computation data to the digital fire-control system to direct the aim of the electro-optical targeting system, which then aligns the 40 mm guns with the target for accurate fire. The secondary FLIR system and laser rangefinder supplements the TPS-830K radar to provide additional targeting means in case the radar is rendered inoperative, or is turned off to retain the element of surprise against aircraft that are equipped with radar warning receivers.

The Type 370 also includes four anti-air missiles, as part of it's overall system, and has a range of 4,000 metres, an ammunition storage of 3,500 rounds of ammunition (which can be reloaded through the ship's automated reloading process), a reaction time of four seconds to Mach 2 missiles, elevation −25 to +85 degrees and full 180 Degree Traverse or full 360 Degree traverse, depending on the system's location on the ship. It is an autonomous and completely automatic weapon system for short-range defense of ships against highly maneuverable missiles, aircraft and fast maneuvering surface vessels. Once activated the system automatically performs the entire process from surveillance and detection to destruction, including selection of the next priority target.

The MK 36 Super Rapid Bloom Offboard Countermeasures (SRBOC) Chaff and Decoy Launching System is a deck-mounted, mortar-type countermeasure system that may be used to launch an array of chaff cartridges against a variety of threats. The purpose of the system is to confuse hostile missile guidance and fire control systems by creating false signals. The launching system is controlled from the Combat Information Center and is dependent on information provided by the detection and threat analysis equipment on the ship.

The DLS MK 36 Mod 12 is a morter-tube launched decoy countermeasures system that projects decoys aloft at specific heights and ranges. Each DLS launcher includes six fixed-angle (elevation) tubes: four tubes set at 45 degrees and two tubes set at 60 degrees. Decoy selection and firing is controlled from either the EW console of the bridge launcher control. The DLS launches the following types of decoys: SRBOC - which uses chaff to deceive RF-emitting missiles/radars, NATO Sea Gnat - which is similar to SRBOC but with extended range and a larget payload of chaff, and TORCH - which uses heat to deceive infrarad-seeking missiles.

The Torpedo Countermeasures Transmitting Set AN/SLQ-25B, commonly referred to as Nixie, is a passive, electro-acoustic decoy system used to provide deceptive countermeasures against acoustic homing torpedoes. The AN/SLQ-25B employs an underwater acoustic projector housed in a streamlined body which is towed astern on a combination tow/signal-transfer coaxial cable. An on board generated signal is used by the towed body to produce an acoustic signal to decoy the hostile torpedo away from the ship. It also includes a fiber optic display LAN, a torpedo alertment capability and a towed array sensor. The decoy emits signals to draw a torpedo away from its intended target. The Nixie attempts to defeat a torpedo's passive sonar by emitting simulated ship noise, such as propeller and engine noise, which is more attractive than the ship to the torpedo's sensors.

Protection against electromagnetic interference and EMP attack is provided by the use of fiber optic cabling and circuitry composed of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) where possible. Additional protections are provided by utilization of antennas and power connections with surge protectors designed specifically to defend against EMP attack and the crew area is coated with a conductive coating.

The Konstantinos Palaiologos Class CGN is built using a double-hull design. Originally used in civilian cargo ships (primarily tankers, especially after the Exxon Valdez accident in 1989), the double-hull, however expensive, serves two particular purposes; firstly, it provides additional protection from collisions, allisions and groundings; secondly, it provides room for ballast tanks and the use of Adaptiv Plates. Adaptiv is an active camouflage technology developed by BAE Systems to protect military vehicles from detection by near infrared night vision devices. It consists of an array of hexagonal Peltier plates which can be rapidly heated and cooled to form any desired image, such as of the natural background or of a non-target object. Peltier cooling plates take advantage of what is known as the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials. This effect is commonly used for cooling electronic components and small instruments. There are no moving parts and such a device is maintenance-free. In such a way, these plates can either conceal or mask the infrared identity of the vehicle with other objects. Adaptiv plates are placed inside the main armour, so that the process of the conduction of heat will transfer that new heat signature to the rest of the vehicle. Given that ships of this size are impossible to shield from FLIR, the Adaptiv plates provide sufficient signature reduction from FLIR detection.

Also, the shape of the hull and the superstructures is devised for the optimal reduction of the radar signature. Stealth is achieved with as few vertical lines as possible, and very clean lines and superstructures: stairs and mooring equipment are internal, and prominent structures are covered by clear surfaces. The superstructures are built using radar-absorbent synthetic materials. The radar cross section is equivalent to that of a large fishing boat, which can make camouflage amidst civilian ships possible; or that of a much less capable corvette, which could lead an enemy to underestimate the capabilities of the ship. In case of a direct attack, the small radar signature helps evade enemy missiles and fire control systems. The Konstantinos Palaiologos Class CGNs are also equipped with jammers that can generate false radar images. It's exhaust entails a heat supression system to mix hot air from the reactor with cool air from outside, further reducing thermal signatures. The usual funnel is replaced with a small sets of pipes, aft of the mast, which cool the exit gas before it is released.

The magnetic signature is reduced by the presence of a demagnetisation belt. A steel-hulled ship is like a huge floating magnet with a large magnetic field surrounding it. As the ship moves through the water, this field also moves and adds to or subtracts from the Earth's magnetic field. Because of its distortion effects on the Earth's magnetic field, the ship can act as a trigger device for magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices which are designed to detect these distortions. The degaussing system is installed aboard ship to reduce the ship's effect on the Earth's magnetic field. In order to accomplish this, the change in the Earth's field about the ship's hull is "canceled" by controlling the electric current flowing through degaussing coils wound in specific locations within the hull. This, in turn, reduces the possibility of detection by these magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices. The system used for demagnetisation includes a Main coil, an Athwartship coil and a Forecastle-Induced - Quarterdeck-Induced coil.

A Main Coil (M) compensates the induced and permanent vertical components of the ship's magnetic field (Z zone). It is installed in the horizontal plane at the waterline. As the ship changes hemispheres the coil current polarity must be manually adjusted. The Athwartship coil (A) is installed in the vertical plane and extends from the keel to the main deck. It compensates the athwartship induced and athwartship's permanent components of the ship's magnetic field. The A coil current consists of permanent and induced components. The Forecastle induced - Quarterdeck induced coils (FI-QI) are located in the same area as the FP-QP coils, they compensate for the longitudinal induced component of the ship's magnetic field. The FI-QI current is proportional to the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field along the ship's longitudinal axis. The FI-QI coil current is manually changed, by shifting the "H zone" switch on the switchboard, when the ship's location changes H zones. The degaussing system automatically compensates for heading changes by converting a gyro input signal to a magnetic heading.

The acoustic signature is minimized by mounting the engines on elastic supports, as to transmit as little vibrations to the hull as possible, and by rubber coating on the propellers. Finally, Vital zones are armoured in Kevlar, and important systems are redundant. The crew is protected against biological, chemical and nuclear environments. The hull has a pronounced angle at the stem, with a short forecastle that integrates directly into the superstructure. The ship's sides have a negative inclination of 10 degrees. The single anchor is located exactly on the stem, into which it is completely recessed. The deck where the seamanship equipment and capstans are installed is internal in order to hide it from radar. The superstructure is built in one piece and directly integrates into the hull, with only a change in inclination. A platform is located between the main gun and the bridge.

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Specifications

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-Name: Konstantinos Palaiologos Class
-Type: Cruiser, Nuclear (DDGN)
-Country of Origin: The Eagleland

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-Designer: Poseidon Military Maritime Industry, LLC, Myrmidon Tactical Design
-Designed: 2007-2010
-Manufacturer: Palaimachos Arms (as of 2013)
-Produced: 2010 - Present
-Number built: 2,500

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-Weight: 70,000 tons
-Length: 288 m
-Breadth: 35.5 m
-Draft: 12 m
-Crew: 50 Officers, 200 Enlisted
-Armor: 64 mm Kevlar over vital spaces.
-Armament: 1x Type 9950 100mm Cannon, 800× VLS modules, 5 × 40 mm CIWS, AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System, AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys
-Aircraft Carried: 1
-Engine: 1x Kinisis 756 Nuclear Reactor (170 MW)
-Fuel capacity: Unlimited
-Range: Unlimited
-Speed: 30 knots

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Export Policy

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Currently, as of December 2013, Palaimachos Arms Limited offers the Konstantinos Palaiologos Class Cruiser to military customers at the cost of three billion NationStates Dollars per unit (NS$3,000,000,000). Domestic Production Rights Licences are are available for eight hundred billion NationStates Dollars (NS$800,000,000,000). Produced vehicles and Domestic Production Rights may not be re-sold to other foreign entities or states or subjects without authorisation from Palaimachos Arms Limited.

[The Eagleland]

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History

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The Kolokotronis Class Frigates (Greek: Φριγάτα Κλάσης Κολοκοτρώνη) are a class of frigate for the Eagleland Navy, manufactured by Poseidon Military Maritime Industry, LLC, now owned by Palaimachos Arms Limited, in a joint effort with Myrmidon Tactical Design, which has replaced all previous frigates in the Eagleland Navy. As of 2013, there are 2,000 Kolokotronis Class Frigates in the Eagleland Navy.

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Characteristics

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The Kolokotronis Class FFGN is a revolutionary warship, achieving new standards in frigate design. Extensive measures were taken to both enhance the firepower of the warship and minimise it's signature. The first step taken was the ship's architecture. The most notable feature is the bridge, which incorporates five main systems; the Tetsudo Mk.II, the SFT-1221, Sensor Fused Targeting Array, the HMS-717, Hull-Mounted Sonar (all three of which were the contribution of Myrmidon Tactical Design to the project since it's inception), the A/N SPY-3 AESA Radar and the Tomb Stone Ladar. The latter is manufactured under licence from LG Defense Systems.The Tomb Stone Ladar can detect a missile-sized target flying at an altitude of 60 meters (200 ft) at least 40 km away, at an altitude of 100 meters at least 60 km away, and at high altitude up to 175 km away. The AN/SPY-3 is a shipboard Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) system. It operates in the X-band radar frequencies; X-band functionality (8 to 12 GHz frequency range) is optimal for minimizing low-altitude propagation effects, narrow beam width for best tracking accuracy, wide frequency bandwidth for effective target discrimination, and the target illumination for Anti-Air Missiles.

The X-band has, in general, favorable low-altitude propagation characteristics, which readily support the horizon search functionality of the AN/SPY-3. A large operating bandwidth is required to mitigate large propagation variations due to meteorological conditions. The system uses commercial off the shelf (COTS) computers and has reduced manning requirements for operation and maintenance. A number of operation and maintenance functions can be completely automated. It also has the capability to perform a volume search functionality. Shipboard operators will be able to optimize the SPY-3 MFR for either horizon search or volume search. While optimized for volume search, the horizon search capability is limited and vice versa. The A/N SPY-3 and the Tomb Stone Ladar are secondary radar systems, to be activated automatically in case the main electronics platform of the ship, managed by the Tetsudo II system, malfunction.

Housed in the bulbous bow at the ship's forefoot, the HMS-717 is a computer controlled solid state 6th generation synthetic aperture passive/active sonar, using the vessel's computer to provide ultra high resolution signal processing. Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is a form of sonar in which sophisticated post-processing of sonar data are used in ways closely analogous to synthetic aperture radar. Synthetic aperture sonars combine a number of acoustic pings to form an image with much higher resolution than conventional sonars, typically 10 times higher.

The principle of synthetic aperture sonar is to move a sonar along a line and illuminate the same spot on the sea floor with several pings. This produces a synthetic array equal to the distance traveled. By coherent reorganization of the data from all the pings, a synthetic aperture image is produced with improved along-track resolution. In contrast to conventional side-scan sonar, SAS processing provides range-independent along-track resolution. At maximum range the resolution can be magnitudes better than that of side-scan sonars. The 717 uses extremely low frequency pairs of twinned inverted pulses in very shallow "sweeps" that narrow the band to minimize detection by nearby vessels, so a complete and extremely detailed picture of the seafloor and surrounding areas may be taken with little danger.

With a range of 50km even in deep water HMS-717 has the ability to use twinned pair pulses to "see" through underwater obscurants such as thermoclines, haze or bubble clouds. Even in the littoral, vessel commanders will be aware of objects on the bottom or nearby contours of the sea floor other vessels and even animals within a great range as though looking through a window out into the ocean. In the event of a torpedo attack on a Testudo equipped vessel, all passive arrays are switched off and active arrays are turned on at maximum power in the direction of both the attacking torpedo and the hostile submarine. This has the effect of blowing out the sonar array on the hostile torpedo and ship, which causes the enemy vessel and its weapons to lose target solution and very often, forcing the enemy submarine to power down its sonar array.

The torpedo's sensitive guidance system very often malfunctions or is destroyed under such a directed energy attack, which the equipped vessel will use as an opportunity to evade and escape. In passive mode, Testudo equipped vessels use their passive arrays to replace the thousands of hydrophones common on so many classes. These broadband, ultra-high resolution sensors pick up the tiniest of resonances or disturbances in water; from a clam shutting its shell on the seabed kilometers away to whales turning silently in deep water or the hum of a diesel-electric submarine running only on batteries, Testudo uses supercomputer-driven digital signal processing to detect and classify as never before the world around it underwater by listening with great sensitivity. Sounds as low as 20 db can be heard at distances greater than 50 km, though the exact passive capability is classified.

GXN-990 is a solid state AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) radar operating simultaneously and coherently in the EHF and L-Band modes. The GXN is comprised of four 36-element arrays, or synthetic apertures mounted on the deckhouse of the vessel to which it is fitted, facing 90 degrees apart. The beams vertical elevation, horizontal training and compensation for ship movement is accomplished electronically while shifting frequencies randomly more than 2,000 times per second. Each array transmits 20 kilowatts through its 7,200 carbon nanotube apertures and each is cooled by 75,000 BTU coldplates.

The methodology used by the 990 is called Video Synthetic Aperture Radar / Surface Moving Target Indicator, or ViSAR/SMTI, which denies the enemy to protect themselves by operating in cloudy weather, or while other atmospheric conditions such as dust, smoke or haze would otherwise hinder optical detection. The GXN-990 is a 3D radar system, effective against stealthy aircraft and missiles, providing capability to track and analyze three-dimensional objects against clutter, in poor conditions and in the littoral environment. The system's large sensitivity allows for the early detection and tracking of very small and/or stealthy aircraft and missiles, very small boats, mines, vehicles or even troop movements.

The accurate 3D target information provides an essential contribution to the threat evaluation process, especially in multiple attack scenarios and it allows the fire control system to lock-on rapidly. The maximum range of the system is 500 kilometers and more than 70 degrees of elevation, at which the system can track more than 1,000 targets simultaneously. The GXN-990 is said to be able to detect even the stealthiest missiles at 100 km and is able to detect and track outer atmosphere objects at short range, making it an essential part of a Theatre Ballistic Missile Defence system. The GXN provides a “God’s eye view” of moving objects throughout the area of operations, despite the dark of night, the smoke of oil fires, or the dust of sandstorms.

The ability to precisely and accurately strike enemy forces from the sea—sometimes when in close contact with friendly forces in near-zero visibility while accurately highlighting movement on the surface against clutter and in extremely poor visibility conditions means that the Anubis's fire control system or allied forces will have maximum accuracy for the use of weapons systems, even in complex and chaotic situations, in the poorest of conditions. GXN-990 provides a continuous observation capability, maximizing detection resolution, even to the point of being able to accurately pinpoint enemy troop movements on foot on land or the movement of small, hand-launched drones.

The Testudo Mk. II system is a passive/active vessel defense mechanism with integrated sensors and fire control for offensive and defensive weapons. This "system of systems" incorporates a variety of sensors to provide precise, millisecond-accurate information to the vessel while remaining a compact and unobtrusive system. Several layers of passive and active defense extend out tens of kilometers from the vessel itself and can provide an umbrella of protection to ground, sea or air assets operating nearby. Testudo protects the vessel from all types of guided and unguided threats including laser, radar, infrared or optically-guided missiles, direct and indirect fire artillery, rockets, grenades and mortars. Integrated counter-battery, direct and indirect fire control suites broadcast firing solutions to all allied assets in the area in addition to automatic weapon selection and firing solutions for its own weapons. For the vessel's own weapons suite, Testudo dramatically increases the effectiveness of all types of onboard weapons including direct fire cannons and guns; for defensive weapons, the system provides a very high rate of interception, increasing the vessel's survivability by orders of magnitude over a ship not equipped with it. The Testudo Mk. II system is fully networked as one unified system with all sensors, offensive and defensive weapons and the SANMEN communications suite. The onboard computer integrates this information, allowing the crew to make the most informed decisions possible, staying constantly connected to the command structure.

Ships equipped with Testudo house an extremely powerful central computer system which handles not only all the functions required by the ship, its sensors and weapons systems, but the duties of fusing information streamed from all other allied sources into a unified picture of the battlespace. The computer chosen for this purpose was a scalar-cabinet air cooled supercomputer, built as a collaboration between Cray Supercomputer and Advanced Micro Devices, or AMD. The computer is housed near the ship's reactor inside the absorption refrigerator where it can take advantage of the chilled atmosphere to cool itself. The computer is housed in six sequential cabinets, and is modeled on the Cray XK7 Supercomputer. In total, the computer uses 576 Opteron 6386 processors with 9,216 cores, supported by 72 terabytes of Radeon ECC DDR3 1333 SDRAM. The processors and memory are aided by 576 FirePro S10000 GPU's with 3.375 terabytes of GDDR5 memory and the entire system contains 576 LSI Nytro WarpDrive BFH8-3200 Flash Accelerators with 1,800 terabytes of solid state MLC hard drive space. Data is carried throughout the ship on armored, 500-strand glass fiber optic cable.

The computer system manages all functions of the ship, its powerplant, communications network, sensor suite and weapons, resolves raw data and processes it into usable information, integrating that data with information from all sources to create a single, unified picture of the entire battlespace and all of the personnel and resources within it. This system provides the ship with 600+ teraflops of computing power and sub-microsecond latency for an incredibly versatile central computer capable of handling the most demanding loads and intense calculations. The ship's onboard computer provides stunningly clear, accurate and fast sensor fusion from multiple sources, blended cohesively and rendered flawlessly, broadcasting that networked, unified picture back across the communications network to allied resources, ensuring that all friendly troops have the most complete intelligence and latest information possible.

Testudo Mk. II includes an onboard inertial guidance suite for navigation, which only periodically references GPS as a redundant calibration check, but is considered extremely accurate without any access to GPS whatsoever. The guidance package makes use of numerous breakthroughs in micro-scale construction and computing. The Timing and Inertial Measurement Unit is an array of dozens of tiny blown, ground and polished quartz mushroom and wineglass gyroscopic sensors, coupled to a powerful master clock and linked to accelerometers and magnetometers, measuring six axes of rotation, synchronized in real time and sensor-fused to provide highly accurate tracking of time, altitude, distance and course. A path can be laid out pre-mission or during a mission, which is translated onto GPS-synchronized maps with turn by turn corrections displayed on a map overlay for the crew, with terrain features and intelligence information from the SANMEN communications network. A ring-laser gyroscope provides a secondary, redundant but highly accurate reference which is used for constant check and recalibration of the Micro-PNT/TIMU system. The extremely accurate information generated by the Tetsudo Mk. II guidance system is capable of delivering the vessel on target with pinpoint accuracy, in most cases inside three meters of the predesignated point, all without any reference to global positioning satellites whatsoever and only using onboard communications receivers for mid-course correction.

The Tetsudo II is the primary Electronic Warfare (EW) Suite of this warship. However, should it collapse for any reason, which is unlikely considering the reliability of this system, all systems will be managed by the Secondary Electronics Suite, or SES. The SES is activated 1.5 seconds after the Tetsudo II system collapses and acts as an effective failsafe, organising all electronics capabilities of the ship. Additionally, the SES entails the Ship Self-Defense System (SSDS), a combat system specifically designed for anti-air defence of warships. It coordinates several legacy shipboard systems as well as major acquisition programs. Multi-sensor integration, parallel processing and the coordination of hardkill/softkill capabilities in an automated, doctrine-based response to the ASCM threats are the cornerstones of the SSDS. The SSDS system coordinates all the ship's existing sensors, self-defense weapons and countermeasures into a unified, distributed, open-architecture system. It provides the ship with automated and rapid-reacting anti-air defenses, aimed particularly at countering the sea-skimming anti-ship missile threat. It is largely based on commercial off-the-shelf systems. The automated integration of these sensor and weapon systems, which have traditionally been stand-alone units, greatly shortens the detect-to-engage cycle. Although SSDS does not improve the capability of individual sensors, it fuses the active and passive sensors and provides a more complete picture and enhances target automatic tracking to form a composite track.

Also, a Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS) has been installed to treat all combustible solid waste generated on board the ship. A plasma torch uses an inert gas such as steam. The electrodes vary from copper or tungsten to hafnium or zirconium, along with various other alloys. A strong electric current under high voltage passes between the two electrodes as an electric arc. Pressurised inert gas is ionized passing through the plasma created by the arc. The torch's temperature ranges from 2,200 to 13,900 °C. The temperature of the plasma reaction determines the structure of the plasma and forming gas. This can be optimized to minimize ballast contents, composed of the byproducts of oxidation. At these conditions molecular dissociation can occur by breaking down molecular bonds. The resulting elemental components are in a gaseous phase. Complex molecules are separated into individual atoms. Molecular dissociation using plasma is referred to as "plasma pyrolysis."

Munitions and ammunition handling is accomplished using a highly mechanised weapons handling system (HMWHS). This is a first naval application of a common land-based warehouse system. The HMWHS moves palletised munitions from the magazines and weapon preparation areas, along track ways and via several lifts, forward and aft or port and starboard. The tracks can carry a pallet to magazines, the hangar, weapons preparation areas, and the flight deck. In a change from normal procedures the magazines are unmanned, the movement of pallets is controlled from a central location, and manpower is only required when munitions are being initially stored or prepared for use. This system speeds up delivery and reduces the size of the crew by automation.

The Kolokotronis Class is moved by one Kinisis 756 Nuclear Reactor, capable of producing 170 Megawatts of electricity. This is a molten salt reactor (MSR), which is a class of nuclear fission reactors in which the primary coolant, or even the fuel itself, is a molten salt mixture. MSRs run at higher temperatures than water-cooled reactors for higher thermodynamic efficiency, while staying at low vapor pressure. The salt mixture utilised in this instance is FLiBe, which is a mixture of lithium fluoride (LiF) and beryllium fluoride (BeF2). As a molten salt it is used as a nuclear reactor coolant having a melting point of 459°C, a boiling point of 1430°C, and a density of 1.94 g/cm3. Its heat capacity is 4540 kJ/m3, which is similar to that of water, more than four times that of sodium, and more than 200 times that of helium (at typical reactor conditions). That reactor boasts a number of advantages, primarily safety and efficiency, given that the design is inherently simple. The energy produced in the Themistocles Class is more than enough to power all electronic components of this design.

The ship's offensive capability is provided by one Type 9950 100mm Cannon, alongside 350 VLS modules (to be used with anti-to-air and/or anti-ship missiles), four Type 370 40 mm CIWS and a series of countermeasures such as the AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System and AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys. Decoy employment is used primarily to defend against anti-ship missiles which have avoided detection and penetrated to the terminal-defense area that represents an imminent threat to the ship. Also, the ship can house one medium-sized helicopter.

The Type 9950 is a 100 mm naval cannon, designed by Palaimachos Arms. This system consists of an advanced 100 mm gun, with an elevation of 29°/s, traverse of 40°/s, a rate of fire of 78 round/min, a muzzle velocity of870 m/s, an effective range of 17,000 m and the fully automated storage system has room for 2,000 rounds. The barrel is water-cooled to prevent overheating and allows a rate of fire of 10 rounds per minute. This is a direct fire weapon, and it can therefore discharge all ammunition types for cannons with a 140mm in diameter. The ship needs not take ballast water in order to stabilise itself in order to fire it's gun. It features a completely automatic action and control. The ammunition is stored in a magazine underneath the turret, and fed to the gun by a lift regularly manned by two crewmen. A flexible pipe allows feeding the gun under any orientation.

Rounds of ammunition are fed automatically; empty shell is ejected through an evacuation door on the front of the turret after firing. Cooling is provided by water circulating in layers of steel around the tube of the gun, and by an injection of air and water after every shot.The turret can be used in three modes:

• Remote control by the main weapon control system, from the Operation Center
• Remote control from a secondary weapon control system
• Manual control by the joystick at the left of the gun.

In manual mode, two crewmen serve the turret: the gunner, at the left of the gun, uses a joystick to point the gun, and optic ranging and aiming instruments to direct the fire; the observer monitors the operations from the back of the turret. Aiming is performed by two electric motors, one for the elevation (left of the turret) and the other for the traverse (right of the turret). Two hydraulic systems feed the gun. The gun can also be moved manually for maintenance. Since it is installed on the bow deck of warships, these turrets are often exposed to breaking waves and humidity. To prevent corrosion and mechanical problems, the turret is made water-tight by rubber joints. The gun itself is sealed by a rubber tampion, which is automatically-placed and can be shot through in case of emergency. The plexiglas viewbay used to manually aim the gun is usually protected by a steel cover.

The Type 370 Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) has been developed for the Eagleland Navy by Hyperion Defence Ltd of the Eagleland. The Type 370 CIWS entails a six-barreled 40mm Gatling gun, with a rate of fire of approximately 5,500 rounds per minute, which is linked to the GXN-990 system of the ship, whilst also including it's very own TPS-830K surveillance and fire-control radar, an electro-optical targeting system (EOTS), panoramic periscope, forward looking infrared system (FLIR), laser rangefinder (LRF), and a thermal sight. The combined targeting system of EOTS, FLIR, and LRF has a targeting range of 7 km. The TPS-830K radar can detect and track a 2 m2-RCS target from a range of 17 km.

The TPS-830K radar is an X-band (8 to 12.5 GHz) surveillance and fire-control pulse-Doppler radar, specialized for use against low-flying aircraft. Its features include real-time early warning, multiple target detection, an integral L-band (1 to 2 GHz) Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) subsystem, pulse compression, frequency agility, and adaptive moving target indication as an anti-chaff measure. It supplies ballistic computation data to the digital fire-control system to direct the aim of the electro-optical targeting system, which then aligns the 40 mm guns with the target for accurate fire. The secondary FLIR system and laser rangefinder supplements the TPS-830K radar to provide additional targeting means in case the radar is rendered inoperative, or is turned off to retain the element of surprise against aircraft that are equipped with radar warning receivers.

The Type 370 also includes four anti-air missiles, as part of it's overall system, and has a range of 4,000 metres, an ammunition storage of 3,500 rounds of ammunition (which can be reloaded through the ship's automated reloading process), a reaction time of four seconds to Mach 2 missiles, elevation −25 to +85 degrees and full 180 Degree Traverse or full 360 Degree traverse, depending on the system's location on the ship. It is an autonomous and completely automatic weapon system for short-range defense of ships against highly maneuverable missiles, aircraft and fast maneuvering surface vessels. Once activated the system automatically performs the entire process from surveillance and detection to destruction, including selection of the next priority target.

The MK 36 Super Rapid Bloom Offboard Countermeasures (SRBOC) Chaff and Decoy Launching System is a deck-mounted, mortar-type countermeasure system that may be used to launch an array of chaff cartridges against a variety of threats. The purpose of the system is to confuse hostile missile guidance and fire control systems by creating false signals. The launching system is controlled from the Combat Information Center and is dependent on information provided by the detection and threat analysis equipment on the ship.

The DLS MK 36 Mod 12 is a morter-tube launched decoy countermeasures system that projects decoys aloft at specific heights and ranges. Each DLS launcher includes six fixed-angle (elevation) tubes: four tubes set at 45 degrees and two tubes set at 60 degrees. Decoy selection and firing is controlled from either the EW console of the bridge launcher control. The DLS launches the following types of decoys: SRBOC - which uses chaff to deceive RF-emitting missiles/radars, NATO Sea Gnat - which is similar to SRBOC but with extended range and a larget payload of chaff, and TORCH - which uses heat to deceive infrarad-seeking missiles.

The Torpedo Countermeasures Transmitting Set AN/SLQ-25B, commonly referred to as Nixie, is a passive, electro-acoustic decoy system used to provide deceptive countermeasures against acoustic homing torpedoes. The AN/SLQ-25B employs an underwater acoustic projector housed in a streamlined body which is towed astern on a combination tow/signal-transfer coaxial cable. An on board generated signal is used by the towed body to produce an acoustic signal to decoy the hostile torpedo away from the ship. It also includes a fiber optic display LAN, a torpedo alertment capability and a towed array sensor. The decoy emits signals to draw a torpedo away from its intended target. The Nixie attempts to defeat a torpedo's passive sonar by emitting simulated ship noise, such as propeller and engine noise, which is more attractive than the ship to the torpedo's sensors.

Protection against electromagnetic interference and EMP attack is provided by the use of fiber optic cabling and circuitry composed of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) where possible. Additional protections are provided by utilization of antennas and power connections with surge protectors designed specifically to defend against EMP attack and the crew area is coated with a conductive coating.

The Kolokotronis Class FFGN is built using a double-hull design. Originally used in civilian cargo ships (primarily tankers, especially after the Exxon Valdez accident in 1989), the double-hull, however expensive, serves two particular purposes; firstly, it provides additional protection from collisions, allisions and groundings; secondly, it provides room for ballast tanks and the use of Adaptiv Plates. Adaptiv is an active camouflage technology developed by BAE Systems to protect military vehicles from detection by near infrared night vision devices. It consists of an array of hexagonal Peltier plates which can be rapidly heated and cooled to form any desired image, such as of the natural background or of a non-target object. Peltier cooling plates take advantage of what is known as the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials. This effect is commonly used for cooling electronic components and small instruments. There are no moving parts and such a device is maintenance-free. In such a way, these plates can either conceal or mask the infrared identity of the vehicle with other objects. Adaptiv plates are placed inside the main armour, so that the process of the conduction of heat will transfer that new heat signature to the rest of the vehicle. Given that ships of this size are impossible to shield from FLIR, the Adaptiv plates provide sufficient signature reduction from FLIR detection.

Also, the shape of the hull and the superstructures is devised for the optimal reduction of the radar signature. Stealth is achieved with inclined flanks, as few vertical lines as possible, and very clean lines and superstructures: stairs and mooring equipment are internal, and prominent structures are covered by clear surfaces. The superstructures are built using radar-absorbent synthetic materials. The radar cross section is equivalent to that of a large fishing boat, which can make camouflage amidst civilian ships possible; or that of a much less capable corvette, which could lead an enemy to underestimate the capabilities of the ship. In case of a direct attack, the small radar signature helps evade enemy missiles and fire control systems. The Kolokotronis Class FFGNs are also equipped with jammers that can generate false radar images. It's exhaust entails a heat supression system to mix hot air from the reactor with cool air from outside, further reducing thermal signatures. The usual funnel is replaced with a small sets of pipes, aft of the mast, which cool the exit gas before it is released.

The magnetic signature is reduced by the presence of a demagnetisation belt. A steel-hulled ship is like a huge floating magnet with a large magnetic field surrounding it. As the ship moves through the water, this field also moves and adds to or subtracts from the Earth's magnetic field. Because of its distortion effects on the Earth's magnetic field, the ship can act as a trigger device for magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices which are designed to detect these distortions. The degaussing system is installed aboard ship to reduce the ship's effect on the Earth's magnetic field. In order to accomplish this, the change in the Earth's field about the ship's hull is "canceled" by controlling the electric current flowing through degaussing coils wound in specific locations within the hull. This, in turn, reduces the possibility of detection by these magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices. The system used for demagnetisation includes a Main coil, an Athwartship coil and a Forecastle-Induced - Quarterdeck-Induced coil.

A Main Coil (M) compensates the induced and permanent vertical components of the ship's magnetic field (Z zone). It is installed in the horizontal plane at the waterline. As the ship changes hemispheres the coil current polarity must be manually adjusted. The Athwartship coil (A) is installed in the vertical plane and extends from the keel to the main deck. It compensates the athwartship induced and athwartship's permanent components of the ship's magnetic field. The A coil current consists of permanent and induced components. The Forecastle induced - Quarterdeck induced coils (FI-QI) are located in the same area as the FP-QP coils, they compensate for the longitudinal induced component of the ship's magnetic field. The FI-QI current is proportional to the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field along the ship's longitudinal axis. The FI-QI coil current is manually changed, by shifting the "H zone" switch on the switchboard, when the ship's location changes H zones. The degaussing system automatically compensates for heading changes by converting a gyro input signal to a magnetic heading.

The acoustic signature is minimized by mounting the engines on elastic supports, as to transmit as little vibrations to the hull as possible, and by rubber coating on the propellers. Finally, Vital zones are armoured in Kevlar, and important systems are redundant. The crew is protected against biological, chemical and nuclear environments. The hull has a pronounced angle at the stem, with a short forecastle that integrates directly into the superstructure. The ship's sides have a negative inclination of 10 degrees. The single anchor is located exactly on the stem, into which it is completely recessed. The deck where the seamanship equipment and capstans are installed is internal in order to hide it from radar. The superstructure is built in one piece and directly integrates into the hull, with only a change in inclination. A platform is located between the main gun and the bridge.

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Specifications

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-Name: Kolokotronis Class
-Type: Frigate, Nuclear (FFGN)
-Country of Origin: The Eagleland

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-Designer: Poseidon Military Maritime Industry, LLC, Myrmidon Tactical Design
-Designed: 2007-2010
-Manufacturer: Palaimachos Arms (as of 2013)
-Produced: 2010 - Present
-Number built: 2,000

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-Weight: 7,500 tons
-Length: 158 m
-Breadth: 28 m
-Draft: 6 m
-Crew: 15 Officers, 150 Enlisted
-Armor: 64 mm Kevlar over vital spaces.
-Armament: 1x Type 9950 140mm Cannon, 350× VLS modules, 4 × 40 mm CIWS, AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System, AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys
-Aircraft Carried: 1
-Engine: 1x Kinisis 756 Nuclear Reactor (170 MW)
-Fuel capacity: Unlimited
-Range: Unlimited
-Speed: 30 knots

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Export Policy

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Currently, as of December 2013, Palaimachos Arms Limited offers the Miltiades Class DDGN to military customers at the cost of eight hundred million NationStates Dollars per unit (NS$800,000,000). Domestic Production Rights Licences are are available for two hundred and fifty billion NationStates Dollars (NS$250,000,000,000). Produced vehicles and Domestic Production Rights may not be re-sold to other foreign entities or states or subjects without authorisation from Palaimachos Arms Limited.

[The Eagleland]

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History

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The Fulax Class Corvettes (Greek: Κορβέτα Κλάσης Φύλακα) are a class of corvette for the Eagleland Navy, manufactured by Poseidon Military Maritime Industry, LLC, now owned by Palaimachos Arms Limited, in a joint effort with Myrmidon Tactical Design, which has replaced all previous corvettes in the Eagleland Navy. As of 2013, there are 200 Fylax Class Frigates in the Eagleland Navy.

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Characteristics

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The Fylax Class FSN is a revolutionary warship, achieving new standards in cruiser design. Extensive measures were taken to both enhance the firepower of the warship and minimise it's signature. The first step taken was the ship's architecture. The most notable feature is the wave-piercing tumblehome hull form whose sides slope inward above the waterline. This reduces the radar cross-section, returning much less energy than a more hard-angled hull form. Water sleeting along the sides, along with passive cool air induction in the mack reduces thermal emissions. Additionally, the tublehome design provides a better freeboard, superior seaworthyness and a greater capability to traverse canals.

Another notable feature of the this class of ships is the bridge, which incorporates five main systems; the Tetsudo Mk.II, the SFT-1221, Sensor Fused Targeting Array, the HMS-717, Hull-Mounted Sonar (all three of which were the contribution of Myrmidon Tactical Design to the project since it's inception), the A/N SPY-3 AESA Radar and the Tomb Stone Ladar. The latter is manufactured under licence from LG Defense Systems.The Tomb Stone Ladar can detect a missile-sized target flying at an altitude of 60 meters (200 ft) at least 40 km away, at an altitude of 100 meters at least 60 km away, and at high altitude up to 175 km away. The AN/SPY-3 is a shipboard Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) system. It operates in the X-band radar frequencies; X-band functionality (8 to 12 GHz frequency range) is optimal for minimizing low-altitude propagation effects, narrow beam width for best tracking accuracy, wide frequency bandwidth for effective target discrimination, and the target illumination for Anti-Air Missiles.

The X-band has, in general, favorable low-altitude propagation characteristics, which readily support the horizon search functionality of the AN/SPY-3. A large operating bandwidth is required to mitigate large propagation variations due to meteorological conditions. The system uses commercial off the shelf (COTS) computers and has reduced manning requirements for operation and maintenance. A number of operation and maintenance functions can be completely automated. It also has the capability to perform a volume search functionality. Shipboard operators will be able to optimize the SPY-3 MFR for either horizon search or volume search. While optimized for volume search, the horizon search capability is limited and vice versa. The A/N SPY-3 and the Tomb Stone Ladar are secondary radar systems, to be activated automatically in case the main electronics platform of the ship, managed by the Tetsudo II system, malfunction.

Housed in the bulbous bow at the ship's forefoot, the HMS-717 is a computer controlled solid state 6th generation synthetic aperture passive/active sonar, using the vessel's computer to provide ultra high resolution signal processing. Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is a form of sonar in which sophisticated post-processing of sonar data are used in ways closely analogous to synthetic aperture radar. Synthetic aperture sonars combine a number of acoustic pings to form an image with much higher resolution than conventional sonars, typically 10 times higher.

The principle of synthetic aperture sonar is to move a sonar along a line and illuminate the same spot on the sea floor with several pings. This produces a synthetic array equal to the distance traveled. By coherent reorganization of the data from all the pings, a synthetic aperture image is produced with improved along-track resolution. In contrast to conventional side-scan sonar, SAS processing provides range-independent along-track resolution. At maximum range the resolution can be magnitudes better than that of side-scan sonars. The 717 uses extremely low frequency pairs of twinned inverted pulses in very shallow "sweeps" that narrow the band to minimize detection by nearby vessels, so a complete and extremely detailed picture of the seafloor and surrounding areas may be taken with little danger.

With a range of 50km even in deep water HMS-717 has the ability to use twinned pair pulses to "see" through underwater obscurants such as thermoclines, haze or bubble clouds. Even in the littoral, vessel commanders will be aware of objects on the bottom or nearby contours of the sea floor other vessels and even animals within a great range as though looking through a window out into the ocean. In the event of a torpedo attack on a Testudo equipped vessel, all passive arrays are switched off and active arrays are turned on at maximum power in the direction of both the attacking torpedo and the hostile submarine. This has the effect of blowing out the sonar array on the hostile torpedo and ship, which causes the enemy vessel and its weapons to lose target solution and very often, forcing the enemy submarine to power down its sonar array.

The torpedo's sensitive guidance system very often malfunctions or is destroyed under such a directed energy attack, which the equipped vessel will use as an opportunity to evade and escape. In passive mode, Testudo equipped vessels use their passive arrays to replace the thousands of hydrophones common on so many classes. These broadband, ultra-high resolution sensors pick up the tiniest of resonances or disturbances in water; from a clam shutting its shell on the seabed kilometers away to whales turning silently in deep water or the hum of a diesel-electric submarine running only on batteries, Testudo uses supercomputer-driven digital signal processing to detect and classify as never before the world around it underwater by listening with great sensitivity. Sounds as low as 20 db can be heard at distances greater than 50 km, though the exact passive capability is classified.

GXN-990 is a solid state AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) radar operating simultaneously and coherently in the EHF and L-Band modes. The GXN is comprised of four 36-element arrays, or synthetic apertures mounted on the deckhouse of the vessel to which it is fitted, facing 90 degrees apart. The beams vertical elevation, horizontal training and compensation for ship movement is accomplished electronically while shifting frequencies randomly more than 2,000 times per second. Each array transmits 20 kilowatts through its 7,200 carbon nanotube apertures and each is cooled by 75,000 BTU coldplates.

The methodology used by the 990 is called Video Synthetic Aperture Radar / Surface Moving Target Indicator, or ViSAR/SMTI, which denies the enemy to protect themselves by operating in cloudy weather, or while other atmospheric conditions such as dust, smoke or haze would otherwise hinder optical detection. The GXN-990 is a 3D radar system, effective against stealthy aircraft and missiles, providing capability to track and analyze three-dimensional objects against clutter, in poor conditions and in the littoral environment. The system's large sensitivity allows for the early detection and tracking of very small and/or stealthy aircraft and missiles, very small boats, mines, vehicles or even troop movements.

The accurate 3D target information provides an essential contribution to the threat evaluation process, especially in multiple attack scenarios and it allows the fire control system to lock-on rapidly. The maximum range of the system is 500 kilometers and more than 70 degrees of elevation, at which the system can track more than 1,000 targets simultaneously. The GXN-990 is said to be able to detect even the stealthiest missiles at 100 km and is able to detect and track outer atmosphere objects at short range, making it an essential part of a Theatre Ballistic Missile Defence system. The GXN provides a “God’s eye view” of moving objects throughout the area of operations, despite the dark of night, the smoke of oil fires, or the dust of sandstorms.

The ability to precisely and accurately strike enemy forces from the sea—sometimes when in close contact with friendly forces in near-zero visibility while accurately highlighting movement on the surface against clutter and in extremely poor visibility conditions means that the Anubis's fire control system or allied forces will have maximum accuracy for the use of weapons systems, even in complex and chaotic situations, in the poorest of conditions. GXN-990 provides a continuous observation capability, maximizing detection resolution, even to the point of being able to accurately pinpoint enemy troop movements on foot on land or the movement of small, hand-launched drones.

The Testudo Mk. II system is a passive/active vessel defense mechanism with integrated sensors and fire control for offensive and defensive weapons. This "system of systems" incorporates a variety of sensors to provide precise, millisecond-accurate information to the vessel while remaining a compact and unobtrusive system. Several layers of passive and active defense extend out tens of kilometers from the vessel itself and can provide an umbrella of protection to ground, sea or air assets operating nearby. Testudo protects the vessel from all types of guided and unguided threats including laser, radar, infrared or optically-guided missiles, direct and indirect fire artillery, rockets, grenades and mortars. Integrated counter-battery, direct and indirect fire control suites broadcast firing solutions to all allied assets in the area in addition to automatic weapon selection and firing solutions for its own weapons. For the vessel's own weapons suite, Testudo dramatically increases the effectiveness of all types of onboard weapons including direct fire cannons and guns; for defensive weapons, the system provides a very high rate of interception, increasing the vessel's survivability by orders of magnitude over a ship not equipped with it. The Testudo Mk. II system is fully networked as one unified system with all sensors, offensive and defensive weapons and the SANMEN communications suite. The onboard computer integrates this information, allowing the crew to make the most informed decisions possible, staying constantly connected to the command structure.

Ships equipped with Testudo house an extremely powerful central computer system which handles not only all the functions required by the ship, its sensors and weapons systems, but the duties of fusing information streamed from all other allied sources into a unified picture of the battlespace. The computer chosen for this purpose was a scalar-cabinet air cooled supercomputer, built as a collaboration between Cray Supercomputer and Advanced Micro Devices, or AMD. The computer is housed near the ship's reactor inside the absorption refrigerator where it can take advantage of the chilled atmosphere to cool itself. The computer is housed in six sequential cabinets, and is modeled on the Cray XK7 Supercomputer. In total, the computer uses 576 Opteron 6386 processors with 9,216 cores, supported by 72 terabytes of Radeon ECC DDR3 1333 SDRAM. The processors and memory are aided by 576 FirePro S10000 GPU's with 3.375 terabytes of GDDR5 memory and the entire system contains 576 LSI Nytro WarpDrive BFH8-3200 Flash Accelerators with 1,800 terabytes of solid state MLC hard drive space. Data is carried throughout the ship on armored, 500-strand glass fiber optic cable.

The computer system manages all functions of the ship, its powerplant, communications network, sensor suite and weapons, resolves raw data and processes it into usable information, integrating that data with information from all sources to create a single, unified picture of the entire battlespace and all of the personnel and resources within it. This system provides the ship with 600+ teraflops of computing power and sub-microsecond latency for an incredibly versatile central computer capable of handling the most demanding loads and intense calculations. The ship's onboard computer provides stunningly clear, accurate and fast sensor fusion from multiple sources, blended cohesively and rendered flawlessly, broadcasting that networked, unified picture back across the communications network to allied resources, ensuring that all friendly troops have the most complete intelligence and latest information possible.

Testudo Mk. II includes an onboard inertial guidance suite for navigation, which only periodically references GPS as a redundant calibration check, but is considered extremely accurate without any access to GPS whatsoever. The guidance package makes use of numerous breakthroughs in micro-scale construction and computing. The Timing and Inertial Measurement Unit is an array of dozens of tiny blown, ground and polished quartz mushroom and wineglass gyroscopic sensors, coupled to a powerful master clock and linked to accelerometers and magnetometers, measuring six axes of rotation, synchronized in real time and sensor-fused to provide highly accurate tracking of time, altitude, distance and course. A path can be laid out pre-mission or during a mission, which is translated onto GPS-synchronized maps with turn by turn corrections displayed on a map overlay for the crew, with terrain features and intelligence information from the SANMEN communications network. A ring-laser gyroscope provides a secondary, redundant but highly accurate reference which is used for constant check and recalibration of the Micro-PNT/TIMU system. The extremely accurate information generated by the Tetsudo Mk. II guidance system is capable of delivering the vessel on target with pinpoint accuracy, in most cases inside three meters of the predesignated point, all without any reference to global positioning satellites whatsoever and only using onboard communications receivers for mid-course correction.

The Tetsudo II is the primary Electronic Warfare (EW) Suite of this warship. However, should it collapse for any reason, which is unlikely considering the reliability of this system, all systems will be managed by the Secondary Electronics Suite, or SES. The SES is activated 1.5 seconds after the Tetsudo II system collapses and acts as an effective failsafe, organising all electronics capabilities of the ship. Additionally, the SES entails the Ship Self-Defense System (SSDS), a combat system specifically designed for anti-air defence of warships. It coordinates several legacy shipboard systems as well as major acquisition programs. Multi-sensor integration, parallel processing and the coordination of hardkill/softkill capabilities in an automated, doctrine-based response to the ASCM threats are the cornerstones of the SSDS. The SSDS system coordinates all the ship's existing sensors, self-defense weapons and countermeasures into a unified, distributed, open-architecture system. It provides the ship with automated and rapid-reacting anti-air defenses, aimed particularly at countering the sea-skimming anti-ship missile threat. It is largely based on commercial off-the-shelf systems. The automated integration of these sensor and weapon systems, which have traditionally been stand-alone units, greatly shortens the detect-to-engage cycle. Although SSDS does not improve the capability of individual sensors, it fuses the active and passive sensors and provides a more complete picture and enhances target automatic tracking to form a composite track.

Also, a Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS) has been installed to treat all combustible solid waste generated on board the ship. A plasma torch uses an inert gas such as steam. The electrodes vary from copper or tungsten to hafnium or zirconium, along with various other alloys. A strong electric current under high voltage passes between the two electrodes as an electric arc. Pressurised inert gas is ionized passing through the plasma created by the arc. The torch's temperature ranges from 2,200 to 13,900 °C. The temperature of the plasma reaction determines the structure of the plasma and forming gas. This can be optimized to minimize ballast contents, composed of the byproducts of oxidation. At these conditions molecular dissociation can occur by breaking down molecular bonds. The resulting elemental components are in a gaseous phase. Complex molecules are separated into individual atoms. Molecular dissociation using plasma is referred to as "plasma pyrolysis."

Munitions and ammunition handling is accomplished using a highly mechanised weapons handling system (HMWHS). This is a first naval application of a common land-based warehouse system. The HMWHS moves palletised munitions from the magazines and weapon preparation areas, along track ways and via several lifts, forward and aft or port and starboard. The tracks can carry a pallet to magazines, the hangar, weapons preparation areas, and the flight deck. In a change from normal procedures the magazines are unmanned, the movement of pallets is controlled from a central location, and manpower is only required when munitions are being initially stored or prepared for use. This system speeds up delivery and reduces the size of the crew by automation.

The Fylax Class is moved by one Kinisis 753 Nuclear Reactor, capable of producing 90 Megawatts of electricity. This is a molten salt reactor (MSR), which is a class of nuclear fission reactors in which the primary coolant, or even the fuel itself, is a molten salt mixture. MSRs run at higher temperatures than water-cooled reactors for higher thermodynamic efficiency, while staying at low vapor pressure. The salt mixture utilised in this instance is FLiBe, which is a mixture of lithium fluoride (LiF) and beryllium fluoride (BeF2). As a molten salt it is used as a nuclear reactor coolant having a melting point of 459°C, a boiling point of 1430°C, and a density of 1.94 g/cm3. Its heat capacity is 4540 kJ/m3, which is similar to that of water, more than four times that of sodium, and more than 200 times that of helium (at typical reactor conditions). That reactor boasts a number of advantages, primarily safety and efficiency, given that the design is inherently simple. The energy produced in the Fylax Class is more than enough to power all electronic components of this design.

The ship's offensive capability is provided by one Type 9950 100mm Cannon, alongside 100 VLS modules (to be used with anti-to-air and/or anti-ship missiles), three Type 370 40 mm CIWS, two Type 907 40mm Autocannons and a series of countermeasures such as the AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System and AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys. Decoy employment is used primarily to defend against anti-ship missiles which have avoided detection and penetrated to the terminal-defense area that represents an imminent threat to the ship. Also, the ship can house one medium-sized helicopter.

The Type 9950 is a 100 mm naval cannon, designed by Palaimachos Arms. This system consists of an advanced 100 mm gun, with an elevation of 29°/s, traverse of 40°/s, a rate of fire of 78 round/min, a muzzle velocity of 870 m/s, an effective range of 17,000 m and the fully automated storage system has room for 2,000 rounds. The barrel is water-cooled to prevent overheating and allows a rate of fire of 10 rounds per minute. This is a direct fire weapon, and it can therefore discharge all ammunition types for cannons with a 140mm in diameter. The ship needs not take ballast water in order to stabilise itself in order to fire it's gun. It features a completely automatic action and control. The ammunition is stored in a magazine underneath the turret, and fed to the gun by a lift regularly manned by two crewmen. A flexible pipe allows feeding the gun under any orientation.

Rounds of ammunition are fed automatically; empty shell is ejected through an evacuation door on the front of the turret after firing. Cooling is provided by water circulating in layers of steel around the tube of the gun, and by an injection of air and water after every shot.The turret can be used in three modes:

• Remote control by the main weapon control system, from the Operation Center
• Remote control from a secondary weapon control system
• Manual control by the joystick at the left of the gun.

In manual mode, two crewmen serve the turret: the gunner, at the left of the gun, uses a joystick to point the gun, and optic ranging and aiming instruments to direct the fire; the observer monitors the operations from the back of the turret. Aiming is performed by two electric motors, one for the elevation (left of the turret) and the other for the traverse (right of the turret). Two hydraulic systems feed the gun. The gun can also be moved manually for maintenance. Since it is installed on the bow deck of warships, these turrets are often exposed to breaking waves and humidity. To prevent corrosion and mechanical problems, the turret is made water-tight by rubber joints. The gun itself is sealed by a rubber tampion, which is automatically-placed and can be shot through in case of emergency. The plexiglas viewbay used to manually aim the gun is usually protected by a steel cover.

The Type 907 40mm Autocannon is used as the vehicle's main armament. This is a chain-fed autocannon that does not depend on gas or recoil to actuate its firing system. Instead, it uses a 0.75 kW DC motor, positioned in the receiver, to drive the chain and dual-feed system. This system uses sprockets and extractor grooves to feed, load, fire, extract, and eject rounds. A system of clutches provides for an alternate sprocket to engage and thus allows the gunner to switch between armor piercing and high explosive rounds instantaneously. The Cannon can fire in semi, fully automatic or three-round-burst modes. The ship can house up to 3,500 rounds of ammunition for each cannon.

The Type 370 Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) has been developed for the Eagleland Navy by Hyperion Defence Ltd of the Eagleland. The Type 370 CIWS entails a six-barreled 40mm Gatling gun, with a rate of fire of approximately 5,500 rounds per minute, which is linked to the GXN-990 system of the ship, whilst also including it's very own TPS-830K surveillance and fire-control radar, an electro-optical targeting system (EOTS), panoramic periscope, forward looking infrared system (FLIR), laser rangefinder (LRF), and a thermal sight. The combined targeting system of EOTS, FLIR, and LRF has a targeting range of 7 km. The TPS-830K radar can detect and track a 2 m2-RCS target from a range of 17 km.

The TPS-830K radar is an X-band (8 to 12.5 GHz) surveillance and fire-control pulse-Doppler radar, specialized for use against low-flying aircraft. Its features include real-time early warning, multiple target detection, an integral L-band (1 to 2 GHz) Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) subsystem, pulse compression, frequency agility, and adaptive moving target indication as an anti-chaff measure. It supplies ballistic computation data to the digital fire-control system to direct the aim of the electro-optical targeting system, which then aligns the 40 mm guns with the target for accurate fire. The secondary FLIR system and laser rangefinder supplements the TPS-830K radar to provide additional targeting means in case the radar is rendered inoperative, or is turned off to retain the element of surprise against aircraft that are equipped with radar warning receivers.

The Type 370 also includes four anti-air missiles, as part of it's overall system, and has a range of 4,000 metres, an ammunition storage of 3,500 rounds of ammunition (which can be reloaded through the ship's automated reloading process), a reaction time of four seconds to Mach 2 missiles, elevation −25 to +85 degrees and full 180 Degree Traverse or full 360 Degree traverse, depending on the system's location on the ship. It is an autonomous and completely automatic weapon system for short-range defense of ships against highly maneuverable missiles, aircraft and fast maneuvering surface vessels. Once activated the system automatically performs the entire process from surveillance and detection to destruction, including selection of the next priority target.

The MK 36 Super Rapid Bloom Offboard Countermeasures (SRBOC) Chaff and Decoy Launching System is a deck-mounted, mortar-type countermeasure system that may be used to launch an array of chaff cartridges against a variety of threats. The purpose of the system is to confuse hostile missile guidance and fire control systems by creating false signals. The launching system is controlled from the Combat Information Center and is dependent on information provided by the detection and threat analysis equipment on the ship.

The DLS MK 36 Mod 12 is a morter-tube launched decoy countermeasures system that projects decoys aloft at specific heights and ranges. Each DLS launcher includes six fixed-angle (elevation) tubes: four tubes set at 45 degrees and two tubes set at 60 degrees. Decoy selection and firing is controlled from either the EW console of the bridge launcher control. The DLS launches the following types of decoys: SRBOC - which uses chaff to deceive RF-emitting missiles/radars, NATO Sea Gnat - which is similar to SRBOC but with extended range and a larget payload of chaff, and TORCH - which uses heat to deceive infrarad-seeking missiles.

The Torpedo Countermeasures Transmitting Set AN/SLQ-25B, commonly referred to as Nixie, is a passive, electro-acoustic decoy system used to provide deceptive countermeasures against acoustic homing torpedoes. The AN/SLQ-25B employs an underwater acoustic projector housed in a streamlined body which is towed astern on a combination tow/signal-transfer coaxial cable. An on board generated signal is used by the towed body to produce an acoustic signal to decoy the hostile torpedo away from the ship. It also includes a fiber optic display LAN, a torpedo alertment capability and a towed array sensor. The decoy emits signals to draw a torpedo away from its intended target. The Nixie attempts to defeat a torpedo's passive sonar by emitting simulated ship noise, such as propeller and engine noise, which is more attractive than the ship to the torpedo's sensors.

Protection against electromagnetic interference and EMP attack is provided by the use of fiber optic cabling and circuitry composed of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) where possible. Additional protections are provided by utilization of antennas and power connections with surge protectors designed specifically to defend against EMP attack and the crew area is coated with a conductive coating.

The Fylax Class FSN is built using a double-hull design. Originally used in civilian cargo ships (primarily tankers, especially after the Exxon Valdez accident in 1989), the double-hull, however expensive, serves two particular purposes; firstly, it provides additional protection from collisions, allisions and groundings; secondly, it provides room for ballast tanks and the use of Adaptiv Plates. Adaptiv is an active camouflage technology developed by BAE Systems to protect military vehicles from detection by near infrared night vision devices. It consists of an array of hexagonal Peltier plates which can be rapidly heated and cooled to form any desired image, such as of the natural background or of a non-target object. Peltier cooling plates take advantage of what is known as the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials. This effect is commonly used for cooling electronic components and small instruments. There are no moving parts and such a device is maintenance-free. In such a way, these plates can either conceal or mask the infrared identity of the vehicle with other objects. Adaptiv plates are placed inside the main armour, so that the process of the conduction of heat will transfer that new heat signature to the rest of the vehicle. Given that ships of this size are impossible to shield from FLIR, the Adaptiv plates provide sufficient signature reduction from FLIR detection.

Also, the shape of the hull and the superstructures is devised for the optimal reduction of the radar signature. Stealth is achieved with inclined flanks, as few vertical lines as possible, and very clean lines and superstructures: stairs and mooring equipment are internal, and prominent structures are covered by clear surfaces. The superstructures are built using radar-absorbent synthetic materials. The radar cross section is non-existent. In case of a direct attack, that "signature" helps evade enemy missiles and fire control systems. The Fylax Class FSNs are also equipped with jammers that can generate false radar images. It's exhaust entails a heat supression system to mix hot air from the reactor with cool air from outside, further reducing thermal signatures. The usual funnel is replaced with a small sets of pipes, aft of the mast, which cool the exit gas before it is released.

The magnetic signature is reduced by the presence of a demagnetisation belt. A steel-hulled ship is like a huge floating magnet with a large magnetic field surrounding it. As the ship moves through the water, this field also moves and adds to or subtracts from the Earth's magnetic field. Because of its distortion effects on the Earth's magnetic field, the ship can act as a trigger device for magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices which are designed to detect these distortions. The degaussing system is installed aboard ship to reduce the ship's effect on the Earth's magnetic field. In order to accomplish this, the change in the Earth's field about the ship's hull is "canceled" by controlling the electric current flowing through degaussing coils wound in specific locations within the hull. This, in turn, reduces the possibility of detection by these magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices. The system used for demagnetisation includes a Main coil, an Athwartship coil and a Forecastle-Induced - Quarterdeck-Induced coil.

A Main Coil (M) compensates the induced and permanent vertical components of the ship's magnetic field (Z zone). It is installed in the horizontal plane at the waterline. As the ship changes hemispheres the coil current polarity must be manually adjusted. The Athwartship coil (A) is installed in the vertical plane and extends from the keel to the main deck. It compensates the athwartship induced and athwartship's permanent components of the ship's magnetic field. The A coil current consists of permanent and induced components. The Forecastle induced - Quarterdeck induced coils (FI-QI) are located in the same area as the FP-QP coils, they compensate for the longitudinal induced component of the ship's magnetic field. The FI-QI current is proportional to the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field along the ship's longitudinal axis. The FI-QI coil current is manually changed, by shifting the "H zone" switch on the switchboard, when the ship's location changes H zones. The degaussing system automatically compensates for heading changes by converting a gyro input signal to a magnetic heading.

The acoustic signature is minimized by mounting the engines on elastic supports, as to transmit as little vibrations to the hull as possible, and by rubber coating on the propellers. Finally, Vital zones are armoured in Kevlar, and important systems are redundant. The crew is protected against biological, chemical and nuclear environments. The hull has a pronounced angle at the stem, with a short forecastle that integrates directly into the superstructure. The ship's sides have a negative inclination of 10 degrees. The single anchor is located exactly on the stem, into which it is completely recessed. The deck where the seamanship equipment and capstans are installed is internal in order to hide it from radar. The superstructure is built in one piece and directly integrates into the hull, with only a change in inclination. A platform is located between the main gun and the bridge.

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Specifications

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-Name: Fylax Class
-Type: Corvette, Nuclear (FSN)
-Country of Origin: The Eagleland

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-Designer: Poseidon Military Maritime Industry, LLC, Myrmidon Tactical Design
-Designed: 2007-2010
-Manufacturer: Palaimachos Arms (as of 2013)
-Produced: 2010 - Present
-Number built: 200

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-Weight: 5,500 tons
-Length: 126 m
-Breadth: 19 m
-Draft: 4.8 m
-Crew: 15 Officers, 100 Enlisted
-Armor: 64 mm Kevlar over vital spaces.
-Armament: 1x Type 9950 140mm Cannon, 350× VLS modules, 3 × 40 mm CIWS, 2x Type 907 40mm Autocannon, AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System, AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys
-Aircraft Carried: 1
-Engine: 1x Kinisis 753 Nuclear Reactor (90 MW)
-Fuel capacity: Unlimited
-Range: Unlimited
-Speed: 30 knots

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Export Policy

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Currently, as of December 2013, Palaimachos Arms Limited offers the Fylax Class FSN to military customers at the cost of three hundred and fifty million NationStates Dollars per unit (NS$350,000,000). Domestic Production Rights Licences are are available for fifty billion NationStates Dollars (NS$50,000,000,000). Produced vehicles and Domestic Production Rights may not be re-sold to other foreign entities or states or subjects without authorisation from Palaimachos Arms Limited.

[The Eagleland]

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History

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The Epameinondas Class Amphibious Assault Ship (Greek: Αρματαγωγό κλάσης Επαμεινώνδα) are a class of Amphibious Assault Ships (LHAs) for the Eagleland Navy, manufactured by Poseidon Military Maritime Industry, LLC, which has replaced all previous LHAs in the Eagleland Navy. As of 2013, there are 1,000 Epameinondas Class Amphibious Assault Ships in the Eagleland Navy.

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Characteristics

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A notable feature of the Epameinondas Class is the bridge, which incorporates five main systems; the Tetsudo Mk.II, the SFT-1221, Sensor Fused Targeting Array, the HMS-717, Hull-Mounted Sonar (all three of which were the contribution of Myrmidon Tactical Design to the project since it's inception), the A/N SPY-3 AESA Radar and the Tomb Stone Ladar. The latter is manufactured under licence from LG Defense Systems.The Tomb Stone Ladar can detect a missile-sized target flying at an altitude of 60 meters (200 ft) at least 40 km away, at an altitude of 100 meters at least 60 km away, and at high altitude up to 175 km away. The AN/SPY-3 is a shipboard Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) system. It operates in the X-band radar frequencies; X-band functionality (8 to 12 GHz frequency range) is optimal for minimizing low-altitude propagation effects, narrow beam width for best tracking accuracy, wide frequency bandwidth for effective target discrimination, and the target illumination for Anti-Air Missiles.

The X-band has, in general, favorable low-altitude propagation characteristics, which readily support the horizon search functionality of the AN/SPY-3. A large operating bandwidth is required to mitigate large propagation variations due to meteorological conditions. The system uses commercial off the shelf (COTS) computers and has reduced manning requirements for operation and maintenance. A number of operation and maintenance functions can be completely automated. It also has the capability to perform a volume search functionality. Shipboard operators will be able to optimize the SPY-3 MFR for either horizon search or volume search. While optimized for volume search, the horizon search capability is limited and vice versa. The A/N SPY-3 and the Tomb Stone Ladar are secondary radar systems, to be activated automatically in case the main electronics platform of the ship, managed by the Tetsudo II system, malfunction.

Housed in the bulbous bow at the ship's forefoot, the HMS-717 is a computer controlled solid state 6th generation synthetic aperture passive/active sonar, using the vessel's computer to provide ultra high resolution signal processing. Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is a form of sonar in which sophisticated post-processing of sonar data are used in ways closely analogous to synthetic aperture radar. Synthetic aperture sonars combine a number of acoustic pings to form an image with much higher resolution than conventional sonars, typically 10 times higher.

The principle of synthetic aperture sonar is to move a sonar along a line and illuminate the same spot on the sea floor with several pings. This produces a synthetic array equal to the distance traveled. By coherent reorganization of the data from all the pings, a synthetic aperture image is produced with improved along-track resolution. In contrast to conventional side-scan sonar, SAS processing provides range-independent along-track resolution. At maximum range the resolution can be magnitudes better than that of side-scan sonars. The 717 uses extremely low frequency pairs of twinned inverted pulses in very shallow "sweeps" that narrow the band to minimize detection by nearby vessels, so a complete and extremely detailed picture of the seafloor and surrounding areas may be taken with little danger.

With a range of 50km even in deep water HMS-717 has the ability to use twinned pair pulses to "see" through underwater obscurants such as thermoclines, haze or bubble clouds. Even in the littoral, vessel commanders will be aware of objects on the bottom or nearby contours of the sea floor other vessels and even animals within a great range as though looking through a window out into the ocean. In the event of a torpedo attack on a Testudo equipped vessel, all passive arrays are switched off and active arrays are turned on at maximum power in the direction of both the attacking torpedo and the hostile submarine. This has the effect of blowing out the sonar array on the hostile torpedo and ship, which causes the enemy vessel and its weapons to lose target solution and very often, forcing the enemy submarine to power down its sonar array.

The torpedo's sensitive guidance system very often malfunctions or is destroyed under such a directed energy attack, which the equipped vessel will use as an opportunity to evade and escape. In passive mode, Testudo equipped vessels use their passive arrays to replace the thousands of hydrophones common on so many classes. These broadband, ultra-high resolution sensors pick up the tiniest of resonances or disturbances in water; from a clam shutting its shell on the seabed kilometers away to whales turning silently in deep water or the hum of a diesel-electric submarine running only on batteries, Testudo uses supercomputer-driven digital signal processing to detect and classify as never before the world around it underwater by listening with great sensitivity. Sounds as low as 20 db can be heard at distances greater than 50 km, though the exact passive capability is classified.

GXN-990 is a solid state AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) radar operating simultaneously and coherently in the EHF and L-Band modes. The GXN is comprised of four 36-element arrays, or synthetic apertures mounted on the deckhouse of the vessel to which it is fitted, facing 90 degrees apart. The beams vertical elevation, horizontal training and compensation for ship movement is accomplished electronically while shifting frequencies randomly more than 2,000 times per second. Each array transmits 20 kilowatts through its 7,200 carbon nanotube apertures and each is cooled by 75,000 BTU coldplates.

The methodology used by the 990 is called Video Synthetic Aperture Radar / Surface Moving Target Indicator, or ViSAR/SMTI, which denies the enemy to protect themselves by operating in cloudy weather, or while other atmospheric conditions such as dust, smoke or haze would otherwise hinder optical detection. The GXN-990 is a 3D radar system, effective against stealthy aircraft and missiles, providing capability to track and analyze three-dimensional objects against clutter, in poor conditions and in the littoral environment. The system's large sensitivity allows for the early detection and tracking of very small and/or stealthy aircraft and missiles, very small boats, mines, vehicles or even troop movements.

The accurate 3D target information provides an essential contribution to the threat evaluation process, especially in multiple attack scenarios and it allows the fire control system to lock-on rapidly. The maximum range of the system is 500 kilometers and more than 70 degrees of elevation, at which the system can track more than 1,000 targets simultaneously. The GXN-990 is said to be able to detect even the stealthiest missiles at 100 km and is able to detect and track outer atmosphere objects at short range, making it an essential part of a Theatre Ballistic Missile Defence system. The GXN provides a “God’s eye view” of moving objects throughout the area of operations, despite the dark of night, the smoke of oil fires, or the dust of sandstorms.

The ability to precisely and accurately strike enemy forces from the sea—sometimes when in close contact with friendly forces in near-zero visibility while accurately highlighting movement on the surface against clutter and in extremely poor visibility conditions means that the Anubis's fire control system or allied forces will have maximum accuracy for the use of weapons systems, even in complex and chaotic situations, in the poorest of conditions. GXN-990 provides a continuous observation capability, maximizing detection resolution, even to the point of being able to accurately pinpoint enemy troop movements on foot on land or the movement of small, hand-launched drones.

The Testudo Mk. II system is a passive/active vessel defense mechanism with integrated sensors and fire control for offensive and defensive weapons. This "system of systems" incorporates a variety of sensors to provide precise, millisecond-accurate information to the vessel while remaining a compact and unobtrusive system. Several layers of passive and active defense extend out tens of kilometers from the vessel itself and can provide an umbrella of protection to ground, sea or air assets operating nearby. Testudo protects the vessel from all types of guided and unguided threats including laser, radar, infrared or optically-guided missiles, direct and indirect fire artillery, rockets, grenades and mortars. Integrated counter-battery, direct and indirect fire control suites broadcast firing solutions to all allied assets in the area in addition to automatic weapon selection and firing solutions for its own weapons. For the vessel's own weapons suite, Testudo dramatically increases the effectiveness of all types of onboard weapons including direct fire cannons and guns; for defensive weapons, the system provides a very high rate of interception, increasing the vessel's survivability by orders of magnitude over a ship not equipped with it. The Testudo Mk. II system is fully networked as one unified system with all sensors, offensive and defensive weapons and the SANMEN communications suite. The onboard computer integrates this information, allowing the crew to make the most informed decisions possible, staying constantly connected to the command structure.

Ships equipped with Testudo house an extremely powerful central computer system which handles not only all the functions required by the ship, its sensors and weapons systems, but the duties of fusing information streamed from all other allied sources into a unified picture of the battlespace. The computer chosen for this purpose was a scalar-cabinet air cooled supercomputer, built as a collaboration between Cray Supercomputer and Advanced Micro Devices, or AMD. The computer is housed near the ship's reactor inside the absorption refrigerator where it can take advantage of the chilled atmosphere to cool itself. The computer is housed in six sequential cabinets, and is modeled on the Cray XK7 Supercomputer. In total, the computer uses 576 Opteron 6386 processors with 9,216 cores, supported by 72 terabytes of Radeon ECC DDR3 1333 SDRAM. The processors and memory are aided by 576 FirePro S10000 GPU's with 3.375 terabytes of GDDR5 memory and the entire system contains 576 LSI Nytro WarpDrive BFH8-3200 Flash Accelerators with 1,800 terabytes of solid state MLC hard drive space. Data is carried throughout the ship on armored, 500-strand glass fiber optic cable.

The computer system manages all functions of the ship, its powerplant, communications network, sensor suite and weapons, resolves raw data and processes it into usable information, integrating that data with information from all sources to create a single, unified picture of the entire battlespace and all of the personnel and resources within it. This system provides the ship with 600+ teraflops of computing power and sub-microsecond latency for an incredibly versatile central computer capable of handling the most demanding loads and intense calculations. The ship's onboard computer provides stunningly clear, accurate and fast sensor fusion from multiple sources, blended cohesively and rendered flawlessly, broadcasting that networked, unified picture back across the communications network to allied resources, ensuring that all friendly troops have the most complete intelligence and latest information possible.

Testudo Mk. II includes an onboard inertial guidance suite for navigation, which only periodically references GPS as a redundant calibration check, but is considered extremely accurate without any access to GPS whatsoever. The guidance package makes use of numerous breakthroughs in micro-scale construction and computing. The Timing and Inertial Measurement Unit is an array of dozens of tiny blown, ground and polished quartz mushroom and wineglass gyroscopic sensors, coupled to a powerful master clock and linked to accelerometers and magnetometers, measuring six axes of rotation, synchronized in real time and sensor-fused to provide highly accurate tracking of time, altitude, distance and course. A path can be laid out pre-mission or during a mission, which is translated onto GPS-synchronized maps with turn by turn corrections displayed on a map overlay for the crew, with terrain features and intelligence information from the SANMEN communications network. A ring-laser gyroscope provides a secondary, redundant but highly accurate reference which is used for constant check and recalibration of the Micro-PNT/TIMU system. The extremely accurate information generated by the Tetsudo Mk. II guidance system is capable of delivering the vessel on target with pinpoint accuracy, in most cases inside three meters of the predesignated point, all without any reference to global positioning satellites whatsoever and only using onboard communications receivers for mid-course correction.

The Tetsudo II is the primary Electronic Warfare (EW) Suite of this warship. However, should it collapse for any reason, which is unlikely considering the reliability of this system, all systems will be managed by the Secondary Electronics Suite, or SES. The SES is activated 1.5 seconds after the Tetsudo II system collapses and acts as an effective failsafe, organising all electronics capabilities of the ship. Additionally, the SES entails the Ship Self-Defense System (SSDS), a combat system specifically designed for anti-air defence of warships. It coordinates several legacy shipboard systems as well as major acquisition programs. Multi-sensor integration, parallel processing and the coordination of hardkill/softkill capabilities in an automated, doctrine-based response to the ASCM threats are the cornerstones of the SSDS. The SSDS system coordinates all the ship's existing sensors, self-defense weapons and countermeasures into a unified, distributed, open-architecture system. It provides the ship with automated and rapid-reacting anti-air defenses, aimed particularly at countering the sea-skimming anti-ship missile threat. It is largely based on commercial off-the-shelf systems. The automated integration of these sensor and weapon systems, which have traditionally been stand-alone units, greatly shortens the detect-to-engage cycle. Although SSDS does not improve the capability of individual sensors, it fuses the active and passive sensors and provides a more complete picture and enhances target automatic tracking to form a composite track.

Also, a Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS) has been installed to treat all combustible solid waste generated on board the ship. A plasma torch uses an inert gas such as steam. The electrodes vary from copper or tungsten to hafnium or zirconium, along with various other alloys. A strong electric current under high voltage passes between the two electrodes as an electric arc. Pressurised inert gas is ionized passing through the plasma created by the arc. The torch's temperature ranges from 2,200 to 13,900 °C. The temperature of the plasma reaction determines the structure of the plasma and forming gas. This can be optimized to minimize ballast contents, composed of the byproducts of oxidation. At these conditions molecular dissociation can occur by breaking down molecular bonds. The resulting elemental components are in a gaseous phase. Complex molecules are separated into individual atoms. Molecular dissociation using plasma is referred to as "plasma pyrolysis."

Munitions and ammunition handling is accomplished using a highly mechanised weapons handling system (HMWHS). This is a first naval application of a common land-based warehouse system. The HMWHS moves palletised munitions from the magazines and weapon preparation areas, along track ways and via several lifts, forward and aft or port and starboard. The tracks can carry a pallet to magazines, the hangar, weapons preparation areas, and the flight deck. In a change from normal procedures the magazines are unmanned, the movement of pallets is controlled from a central location, and manpower is only required when munitions are being initially stored or prepared for use. This system speeds up delivery and reduces the size of the crew by automation.

The Epameinondas Class is moved by one Kinisis 756 Nuclear Reactor, capable of producing 170 Megawatts of electricity. This is a molten salt reactor (MSR), which is a class of nuclear fission reactors in which the primary coolant, or even the fuel itself, is a molten salt mixture. MSRs run at higher temperatures than water-cooled reactors for higher thermodynamic efficiency, while staying at low vapor pressure. The salt mixture utilised in this instance is FLiBe, which is a mixture of lithium fluoride (LiF) and beryllium fluoride (BeF2). As a molten salt it is used as a nuclear reactor coolant having a melting point of 459°C, a boiling point of 1430°C, and a density of 1.94 g/cm3. Its heat capacity is 4540 kJ/m3, which is similar to that of water, more than four times that of sodium, and more than 200 times that of helium (at typical reactor conditions). That reactor boasts a number of advantages, primarily safety and efficiency, given that the design is inherently simple. The energy produced in the Fylax Class is more than enough to power all electronic components of this design.

The ship is defended by fifty VLS modules (to be used with anti-air, anti-ship or anti-submarine missiles), sixteen Type 370 40 mm CIWS, one 12 tube Rolling Airframe Missile defence turrets, and a series of countermeasures such as the AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System and AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys. Decoy employment is used primarily to defend against anti-ship missiles which have avoided detection and penetrated to the terminal-defense area that represents an imminent threat to the ship. The Epameinondas Class LHAN can carry a maximum of ten aircraft on it's flight deck, plus two in the front hangar for repairs.

The Type 370 Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) has been developed for the Eagleland Navy by Hyperion Defence Ltd of the Eagleland. The Type 370 CIWS entails a six-barreled 40mm Gatling gun, with a rate of fire of approximately 5,500 rounds per minute, which is linked to the GXN-990 system of the ship, whilst also including it's very own TPS-830K surveillance and fire-control radar, an electro-optical targeting system (EOTS), panoramic periscope, forward looking infrared system (FLIR), laser rangefinder (LRF), and a thermal sight. The combined targeting system of EOTS, FLIR, and LRF has a targeting range of 7 km. The TPS-830K radar can detect and track a 2 m2-RCS target from a range of 17 km.

The TPS-830K radar is an X-band (8 to 12.5 GHz) surveillance and fire-control pulse-Doppler radar, specialized for use against low-flying aircraft. Its features include real-time early warning, multiple target detection, an integral L-band (1 to 2 GHz) Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) subsystem, pulse compression, frequency agility, and adaptive moving target indication as an anti-chaff measure. It supplies ballistic computation data to the digital fire-control system to direct the aim of the electro-optical targeting system, which then aligns the 40 mm guns with the target for accurate fire. The secondary FLIR system and laser rangefinder supplements the TPS-830K radar to provide additional targeting means in case the radar is rendered inoperative, or is turned off to retain the element of surprise against aircraft that are equipped with radar warning receivers.

The Type 370 also includes four anti-air missiles, as part of it's overall system, and has a range of 4,000 metres, an ammunition storage of 3,500 rounds of ammunition (which can be reloaded through the ship's automated reloading process), a reaction time of four seconds to Mach 2 missiles, elevation −25 to +85 degrees and full 180 Degree Traverse or full 360 Degree traverse, depending on the system's location on the ship. It is an autonomous and completely automatic weapon system for short-range defense of ships against highly maneuverable missiles, aircraft and fast maneuvering surface vessels. Once activated the system automatically performs the entire process from surveillance and detection to destruction, including selection of the next priority target.

The MK 36 Super Rapid Bloom Offboard Countermeasures (SRBOC) Chaff and Decoy Launching System is a deck-mounted, mortar-type countermeasure system that may be used to launch an array of chaff cartridges against a variety of threats. The purpose of the system is to confuse hostile missile guidance and fire control systems by creating false signals. The launching system is controlled from the Combat Information Center and is dependent on information provided by the detection and threat analysis equipment on the ship.

The DLS MK 36 Mod 12 is a morter-tube launched decoy countermeasures system that projects decoys aloft at specific heights and ranges. Each DLS launcher includes six fixed-angle (elevation) tubes: four tubes set at 45 degrees and two tubes set at 60 degrees. Decoy selection and firing is controlled from either the EW console of the bridge launcher control. The DLS launches the following types of decoys: SRBOC - which uses chaff to deceive RF-emitting missiles/radars, NATO Sea Gnat - which is similar to SRBOC but with extended range and a larget payload of chaff, and TORCH - which uses heat to deceive infrarad-seeking missiles.

The Torpedo Countermeasures Transmitting Set AN/SLQ-25B, commonly referred to as Nixie, is a passive, electro-acoustic decoy system used to provide deceptive countermeasures against acoustic homing torpedoes. The AN/SLQ-25B employs an underwater acoustic projector housed in a streamlined body which is towed astern on a combination tow/signal-transfer coaxial cable. An on board generated signal is used by the towed body to produce an acoustic signal to decoy the hostile torpedo away from the ship. It also includes a fiber optic display LAN, a torpedo alertment capability and a towed array sensor. The decoy emits signals to draw a torpedo away from its intended target. The Nixie attempts to defeat a torpedo's passive sonar by emitting simulated ship noise, such as propeller and engine noise, which is more attractive than the ship to the torpedo's sensors.

Protection against electromagnetic interference and EMP attack is provided by the use of fiber optic cabling and circuitry composed of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) where possible. Additional protections are provided by utilization of antennas and power connections with surge protectors designed specifically to defend against EMP attack and the crew area is coated with a conductive coating.

Each ship carries a NATO Role 3 medical facility, i.e. equivalent to the field hospital of an Army division or army corps, or to the hospital of a 25,000-inhabitant city, complete with dentistry, diagnostics, specialist surgical and medical capabilities, food hygiene and psychological capabilities. A SYRACUSE-based telemedicine system allows performing complex specialised surgery. The 900 m² hospital provides 20 rooms and 80 hospitalisation beds, of which 15 are fit for intensive care. The two surgery blocks come complete with a radiology room providing digital radiography and ultrasonography, and that can be fitted with a mobile CT scanner. 150 medicalised beds are kept in reserve and can be installed in a helicopter hangar to extend the capacity of the hospital in case of emergency.

The ship also entails the capacity to hold a maximum of 13 heavy or 22 light helicopters or 18 carrier-bourne fixed-wing aircraft (VTOL only). The flight and hangar decks are connected by two aircraft lifts, both capable of lifting 13 tonnes. The 225-square-metre (2,420 sq ft) main lift is located near the aft of the ship, on the centreline, and is large enough for helicopters to be moved with their rotors in flight configuration. The 120 square metres (1,300 sq ft) auxiliary lift is located aft of the island superstructure. Epameinondas Class LHANs have the ability to carry a maximum of 1,500 soldiers on board, with a maximum allowed amount of twenty-five Expeditionary Fighting Vehicles, twenty-five MBTs, twenty-five Light Vehicles and eight Amphibious mechanized utility and landing craft, two Landing Craft Air Cusion (LCAC) and two Combat Rubber Raiding Craft (CRRC).

The Epameinondas Class LHAN is built using a double-hull design. Originally used in civilian cargo ships (primarily tankers, especially after the Exxon Valdez accident in 1989), the double-hull, however expensive, serves two particular purposes; firstly, it provides additional protection from collisions, allisions and groundings; secondly, it provides room for ballast tanks and the use of Adaptiv Plates. Adaptiv is an active camouflage technology developed by BAE Systems to protect military vehicles from detection by near infrared night vision devices. It consists of an array of hexagonal Peltier plates which can be rapidly heated and cooled to form any desired image, such as of the natural background or of a non-target object. Peltier cooling plates take advantage of what is known as the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials. This effect is commonly used for cooling electronic components and small instruments. There are no moving parts and such a device is maintenance-free. In such a way, these plates can either conceal or mask the infrared identity of the vehicle with other objects. Adaptiv plates are placed inside the main armour, so that the process of the conduction of heat will transfer that new heat signature to the rest of the vehicle. Given that ships of this size are impossible to shield from FLIR, the Adaptiv plates provide sufficient signature reduction from FLIR detection.

Also, the shape of the hull and the superstructures is devised for the optimal reduction of the radar signature. Stealth is achieved with inclined flanks, as few vertical lines as possible, and very clean lines and superstructures: stairs and mooring equipment are internal, and prominent structures are covered by clear surfaces. The superstructures are built using radar-absorbent synthetic materials. The Epameinondas Class LHANs are also equipped with jammers that can generate false radar images. It's exhaust entails a heat supression system to mix hot air from the reactor with cool air from outside, further reducing thermal signatures. The usual funnel is replaced with a small sets of pipes, aft of the mast, which cool the exit gas before it is released.

The magnetic signature is reduced by the presence of a demagnetisation belt. A steel-hulled ship is like a huge floating magnet with a large magnetic field surrounding it. As the ship moves through the water, this field also moves and adds to or subtracts from the Earth's magnetic field. Because of its distortion effects on the Earth's magnetic field, the ship can act as a trigger device for magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices which are designed to detect these distortions. The degaussing system is installed aboard ship to reduce the ship's effect on the Earth's magnetic field. In order to accomplish this, the change in the Earth's field about the ship's hull is "canceled" by controlling the electric current flowing through degaussing coils wound in specific locations within the hull. This, in turn, reduces the possibility of detection by these magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices. The system used for demagnetisation includes a Main coil, an Athwartship coil and a Forecastle-Induced - Quarterdeck-Induced coil.

A Main Coil (M) compensates the induced and permanent vertical components of the ship's magnetic field (Z zone). It is installed in the horizontal plane at the waterline. As the ship changes hemispheres the coil current polarity must be manually adjusted. The Athwartship coil (A) is installed in the vertical plane and extends from the keel to the main deck. It compensates the athwartship induced and athwartship's permanent components of the ship's magnetic field. The A coil current consists of permanent and induced components. The Forecastle induced - Quarterdeck induced coils (FI-QI) are located in the same area as the FP-QP coils, they compensate for the longitudinal induced component of the ship's magnetic field. The FI-QI current is proportional to the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field along the ship's longitudinal axis. The FI-QI coil current is manually changed, by shifting the "H zone" switch on the switchboard, when the ship's location changes H zones. The degaussing system automatically compensates for heading changes by converting a gyro input signal to a magnetic heading.

The acoustic signature is minimized by mounting the engines on elastic supports, as to transmit as little vibrations to the hull as possible, and by rubber coating on the propellers. Finally, Vital zones are armoured in Kevlar, and important systems are redundant. The crew is protected against biological, chemical and nuclear environments. The hull has a pronounced angle at the stem, with a short forecastle that integrates directly into the superstructure. The single anchor is located exactly on the stem, into which it is completely recessed. The deck where the seamanship equipment and capstans are installed is internal in order to hide it from radar. The superstructure is built in one piece and directly integrates into the hull, with only a change in inclination. A platform is located between the main gun and the bridge.

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Specifications

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-Name: Epameinondas Class
-Type: Amphibious Assault Ship, Nuclear (LHAN)
-Country of Origin: The Eagleland

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-Designer: Onassis Military Shipbuilding, S.A., Myrmidon Tactical Design
-Designed: 2007-2010
-Manufacturer: Palaimachos Arms (as of 2013)
-Produced: 2010 - Present
-Number built: 1,000

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-Weight: 35,200 tons
-Length: 256 m
-Breadth: 45 m
-Draft: 7.5 m
-Crew: 25 Officers, 170 Enlisted + 1,500 Soldiers
-Armor: 64 mm Kevlar over vital spaces.
-Armament: 50× VLS modules, 16×40 mm CIWS, 1x 12-tube rolling airframe defense turret, 2x Type 907 40mm Autocannon,, AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System, AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys
-Vehicles Carried: x25 Expeditionary Fighting Vehicles, x25 MBTs, x25 Light Vehicles
-Watercraft Carried: 8x Amphibious mechanized utility and landing craft, 2x Landing Craft Air Cusion (LCAC), 2χ Combat Rubber Raiding Craft (CRRC)
-Aircraft Carried: 13 heavy or 22 light helicopters or 18 carrier-bourne fixed-wing aircraft (VTOL only)
-Engine: 1x Kinisis 756 Nuclear Reactor (170 MW)
-Fuel capacity: Unlimited
-Range: Unlimited
-Speed: 25 knots

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Export Policy

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Currently, as of December 2013, Palaimachos Arms Limited offers the Alexander Class CVN to military customers at the cost of seven hundred and fifty million NationStates Dollars per unit (NS$750,000,000). Domestic Production Rights Licences are are available for one hundred and fifty billion NationStates Dollars (NS$150,000,000,000). Produced vehicles and Domestic Production Rights may not be re-sold to other foreign entities or states or subjects without authorisation from Palaimachos Arms Limited.

[The Eagleland]

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History

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The Hermes Class Transport Ship (Greek: Αρματαγωγό κλάσης Eρμή) are a class of Transport Ships (APs) for the Eagleland Navy, manufactured by Poseidon Military Maritime Industry, LLC, which has replaced all previous transport ships in the Eagleland Navy. As of 2013, there are 2,000 Hermes Class Transport Ships in the Eagleland Navy.

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Characteristics

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A notable feature of the Hermes Class is the bridge, which incorporates five main systems; the Tetsudo Mk.II, the SFT-1221, Sensor Fused Targeting Array, the HMS-717, Hull-Mounted Sonar (all three of which were the contribution of Myrmidon Tactical Design to the project since it's inception), the A/N SPY-3 AESA Radar and the Tomb Stone Ladar. The latter is manufactured under licence from LG Defense Systems.The Tomb Stone Ladar can detect a missile-sized target flying at an altitude of 60 meters (200 ft) at least 40 km away, at an altitude of 100 meters at least 60 km away, and at high altitude up to 175 km away. The AN/SPY-3 is a shipboard Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) system. It operates in the X-band radar frequencies; X-band functionality (8 to 12 GHz frequency range) is optimal for minimizing low-altitude propagation effects, narrow beam width for best tracking accuracy, wide frequency bandwidth for effective target discrimination, and the target illumination for Anti-Air Missiles.

The X-band has, in general, favorable low-altitude propagation characteristics, which readily support the horizon search functionality of the AN/SPY-3. A large operating bandwidth is required to mitigate large propagation variations due to meteorological conditions. The system uses commercial off the shelf (COTS) computers and has reduced manning requirements for operation and maintenance. A number of operation and maintenance functions can be completely automated. It also has the capability to perform a volume search functionality. Shipboard operators will be able to optimize the SPY-3 MFR for either horizon search or volume search. While optimized for volume search, the horizon search capability is limited and vice versa. The A/N SPY-3 and the Tomb Stone Ladar are secondary radar systems, to be activated automatically in case the main electronics platform of the ship, managed by the Tetsudo II system, malfunction.

Housed in the bulbous bow at the ship's forefoot, the HMS-717 is a computer controlled solid state 6th generation synthetic aperture passive/active sonar, using the vessel's computer to provide ultra high resolution signal processing. Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is a form of sonar in which sophisticated post-processing of sonar data are used in ways closely analogous to synthetic aperture radar. Synthetic aperture sonars combine a number of acoustic pings to form an image with much higher resolution than conventional sonars, typically 10 times higher.

The principle of synthetic aperture sonar is to move a sonar along a line and illuminate the same spot on the sea floor with several pings. This produces a synthetic array equal to the distance traveled. By coherent reorganization of the data from all the pings, a synthetic aperture image is produced with improved along-track resolution. In contrast to conventional side-scan sonar, SAS processing provides range-independent along-track resolution. At maximum range the resolution can be magnitudes better than that of side-scan sonars. The 717 uses extremely low frequency pairs of twinned inverted pulses in very shallow "sweeps" that narrow the band to minimize detection by nearby vessels, so a complete and extremely detailed picture of the seafloor and surrounding areas may be taken with little danger.

With a range of 50km even in deep water HMS-717 has the ability to use twinned pair pulses to "see" through underwater obscurants such as thermoclines, haze or bubble clouds. Even in the littoral, vessel commanders will be aware of objects on the bottom or nearby contours of the sea floor other vessels and even animals within a great range as though looking through a window out into the ocean. In the event of a torpedo attack on a Testudo equipped vessel, all passive arrays are switched off and active arrays are turned on at maximum power in the direction of both the attacking torpedo and the hostile submarine. This has the effect of blowing out the sonar array on the hostile torpedo and ship, which causes the enemy vessel and its weapons to lose target solution and very often, forcing the enemy submarine to power down its sonar array.

The torpedo's sensitive guidance system very often malfunctions or is destroyed under such a directed energy attack, which the equipped vessel will use as an opportunity to evade and escape. In passive mode, Testudo equipped vessels use their passive arrays to replace the thousands of hydrophones common on so many classes. These broadband, ultra-high resolution sensors pick up the tiniest of resonances or disturbances in water; from a clam shutting its shell on the seabed kilometers away to whales turning silently in deep water or the hum of a diesel-electric submarine running only on batteries, Testudo uses supercomputer-driven digital signal processing to detect and classify as never before the world around it underwater by listening with great sensitivity. Sounds as low as 20 db can be heard at distances greater than 50 km, though the exact passive capability is classified.

GXN-990 is a solid state AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) radar operating simultaneously and coherently in the EHF and L-Band modes. The GXN is comprised of four 36-element arrays, or synthetic apertures mounted on the deckhouse of the vessel to which it is fitted, facing 90 degrees apart. The beams vertical elevation, horizontal training and compensation for ship movement is accomplished electronically while shifting frequencies randomly more than 2,000 times per second. Each array transmits 20 kilowatts through its 7,200 carbon nanotube apertures and each is cooled by 75,000 BTU coldplates.

The methodology used by the 990 is called Video Synthetic Aperture Radar / Surface Moving Target Indicator, or ViSAR/SMTI, which denies the enemy to protect themselves by operating in cloudy weather, or while other atmospheric conditions such as dust, smoke or haze would otherwise hinder optical detection. The GXN-990 is a 3D radar system, effective against stealthy aircraft and missiles, providing capability to track and analyze three-dimensional objects against clutter, in poor conditions and in the littoral environment. The system's large sensitivity allows for the early detection and tracking of very small and/or stealthy aircraft and missiles, very small boats, mines, vehicles or even troop movements.

The accurate 3D target information provides an essential contribution to the threat evaluation process, especially in multiple attack scenarios and it allows the fire control system to lock-on rapidly. The maximum range of the system is 500 kilometers and more than 70 degrees of elevation, at which the system can track more than 1,000 targets simultaneously. The GXN-990 is said to be able to detect even the stealthiest missiles at 100 km and is able to detect and track outer atmosphere objects at short range, making it an essential part of a Theatre Ballistic Missile Defence system. The GXN provides a “God’s eye view” of moving objects throughout the area of operations, despite the dark of night, the smoke of oil fires, or the dust of sandstorms.

The ability to precisely and accurately strike enemy forces from the sea—sometimes when in close contact with friendly forces in near-zero visibility while accurately highlighting movement on the surface against clutter and in extremely poor visibility conditions means that the Anubis's fire control system or allied forces will have maximum accuracy for the use of weapons systems, even in complex and chaotic situations, in the poorest of conditions. GXN-990 provides a continuous observation capability, maximizing detection resolution, even to the point of being able to accurately pinpoint enemy troop movements on foot on land or the movement of small, hand-launched drones.

The Testudo Mk. II system is a passive/active vessel defense mechanism with integrated sensors and fire control for offensive and defensive weapons. This "system of systems" incorporates a variety of sensors to provide precise, millisecond-accurate information to the vessel while remaining a compact and unobtrusive system. Several layers of passive and active defense extend out tens of kilometers from the vessel itself and can provide an umbrella of protection to ground, sea or air assets operating nearby. Testudo protects the vessel from all types of guided and unguided threats including laser, radar, infrared or optically-guided missiles, direct and indirect fire artillery, rockets, grenades and mortars. Integrated counter-battery, direct and indirect fire control suites broadcast firing solutions to all allied assets in the area in addition to automatic weapon selection and firing solutions for its own weapons. For the vessel's own weapons suite, Testudo dramatically increases the effectiveness of all types of onboard weapons including direct fire cannons and guns; for defensive weapons, the system provides a very high rate of interception, increasing the vessel's survivability by orders of magnitude over a ship not equipped with it. The Testudo Mk. II system is fully networked as one unified system with all sensors, offensive and defensive weapons and the SANMEN communications suite. The onboard computer integrates this information, allowing the crew to make the most informed decisions possible, staying constantly connected to the command structure.

Ships equipped with Testudo house an extremely powerful central computer system which handles not only all the functions required by the ship, its sensors and weapons systems, but the duties of fusing information streamed from all other allied sources into a unified picture of the battlespace. The computer chosen for this purpose was a scalar-cabinet air cooled supercomputer, built as a collaboration between Cray Supercomputer and Advanced Micro Devices, or AMD. The computer is housed near the ship's reactor inside the absorption refrigerator where it can take advantage of the chilled atmosphere to cool itself. The computer is housed in six sequential cabinets, and is modeled on the Cray XK7 Supercomputer. In total, the computer uses 576 Opteron 6386 processors with 9,216 cores, supported by 72 terabytes of Radeon ECC DDR3 1333 SDRAM. The processors and memory are aided by 576 FirePro S10000 GPU's with 3.375 terabytes of GDDR5 memory and the entire system contains 576 LSI Nytro WarpDrive BFH8-3200 Flash Accelerators with 1,800 terabytes of solid state MLC hard drive space. Data is carried throughout the ship on armored, 500-strand glass fiber optic cable.

The computer system manages all functions of the ship, its powerplant, communications network, sensor suite and weapons, resolves raw data and processes it into usable information, integrating that data with information from all sources to create a single, unified picture of the entire battlespace and all of the personnel and resources within it. This system provides the ship with 600+ teraflops of computing power and sub-microsecond latency for an incredibly versatile central computer capable of handling the most demanding loads and intense calculations. The ship's onboard computer provides stunningly clear, accurate and fast sensor fusion from multiple sources, blended cohesively and rendered flawlessly, broadcasting that networked, unified picture back across the communications network to allied resources, ensuring that all friendly troops have the most complete intelligence and latest information possible.

Testudo Mk. II includes an onboard inertial guidance suite for navigation, which only periodically references GPS as a redundant calibration check, but is considered extremely accurate without any access to GPS whatsoever. The guidance package makes use of numerous breakthroughs in micro-scale construction and computing. The Timing and Inertial Measurement Unit is an array of dozens of tiny blown, ground and polished quartz mushroom and wineglass gyroscopic sensors, coupled to a powerful master clock and linked to accelerometers and magnetometers, measuring six axes of rotation, synchronized in real time and sensor-fused to provide highly accurate tracking of time, altitude, distance and course. A path can be laid out pre-mission or during a mission, which is translated onto GPS-synchronized maps with turn by turn corrections displayed on a map overlay for the crew, with terrain features and intelligence information from the SANMEN communications network. A ring-laser gyroscope provides a secondary, redundant but highly accurate reference which is used for constant check and recalibration of the Micro-PNT/TIMU system. The extremely accurate information generated by the Tetsudo Mk. II guidance system is capable of delivering the vessel on target with pinpoint accuracy, in most cases inside three meters of the predesignated point, all without any reference to global positioning satellites whatsoever and only using onboard communications receivers for mid-course correction.

The Tetsudo II is the primary Electronic Warfare (EW) Suite of this warship. However, should it collapse for any reason, which is unlikely considering the reliability of this system, all systems will be managed by the Secondary Electronics Suite, or SES. The SES is activated 1.5 seconds after the Tetsudo II system collapses and acts as an effective failsafe, organising all electronics capabilities of the ship. Additionally, the SES entails the Ship Self-Defense System (SSDS), a combat system specifically designed for anti-air defence of warships. It coordinates several legacy shipboard systems as well as major acquisition programs. Multi-sensor integration, parallel processing and the coordination of hardkill/softkill capabilities in an automated, doctrine-based response to the ASCM threats are the cornerstones of the SSDS. The SSDS system coordinates all the ship's existing sensors, self-defense weapons and countermeasures into a unified, distributed, open-architecture system. It provides the ship with automated and rapid-reacting anti-air defenses, aimed particularly at countering the sea-skimming anti-ship missile threat. It is largely based on commercial off-the-shelf systems. The automated integration of these sensor and weapon systems, which have traditionally been stand-alone units, greatly shortens the detect-to-engage cycle. Although SSDS does not improve the capability of individual sensors, it fuses the active and passive sensors and provides a more complete picture and enhances target automatic tracking to form a composite track.

Also, a Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS) has been installed to treat all combustible solid waste generated on board the ship. A plasma torch uses an inert gas such as steam. The electrodes vary from copper or tungsten to hafnium or zirconium, along with various other alloys. A strong electric current under high voltage passes between the two electrodes as an electric arc. Pressurised inert gas is ionized passing through the plasma created by the arc. The torch's temperature ranges from 2,200 to 13,900 °C. The temperature of the plasma reaction determines the structure of the plasma and forming gas. This can be optimized to minimize ballast contents, composed of the byproducts of oxidation. At these conditions molecular dissociation can occur by breaking down molecular bonds. The resulting elemental components are in a gaseous phase. Complex molecules are separated into individual atoms. Molecular dissociation using plasma is referred to as "plasma pyrolysis."

Munitions and ammunition handling is accomplished using a highly mechanised weapons handling system (HMWHS). This is a first naval application of a common land-based warehouse system. The HMWHS moves palletised munitions from the magazines and weapon preparation areas, along track ways and via several lifts, forward and aft or port and starboard. The tracks can carry a pallet to magazines, the hangar, weapons preparation areas, and the flight deck. In a change from normal procedures the magazines are unmanned, the movement of pallets is controlled from a central location, and manpower is only required when munitions are being initially stored or prepared for use. This system speeds up delivery and reduces the size of the crew by automation.

The Hermes Class is moved by one Kinisis 756 Nuclear Reactor, capable of producing 170 Megawatts of electricity. This is a molten salt reactor (MSR), which is a class of nuclear fission reactors in which the primary coolant, or even the fuel itself, is a molten salt mixture. MSRs run at higher temperatures than water-cooled reactors for higher thermodynamic efficiency, while staying at low vapor pressure. The salt mixture utilised in this instance is FLiBe, which is a mixture of lithium fluoride (LiF) and beryllium fluoride (BeF2). As a molten salt it is used as a nuclear reactor coolant having a melting point of 459°C, a boiling point of 1430°C, and a density of 1.94 g/cm3. Its heat capacity is 4540 kJ/m3, which is similar to that of water, more than four times that of sodium, and more than 200 times that of helium (at typical reactor conditions). That reactor boasts a number of advantages, primarily safety and efficiency, given that the design is inherently simple. The energy produced in the Fylax Class is more than enough to power all electronic components of this design.

The ship is defended by one hundred and forty VLS modules (to be used with anti-air, anti-ship or anti-submarine missiles), thirty Type 370 40 mm CIWS and a series of countermeasures such as the AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System and AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys. Decoy employment is used primarily to defend against anti-ship missiles which have avoided detection and penetrated to the terminal-defense area that represents an imminent threat to the ship. The Epameinondas Class LHAN can carry a maximum of ten aircraft on it's flight deck, plus two in the front hangar for repairs.

The Type 370 Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) has been developed for the Eagleland Navy by Hyperion Defence Ltd of the Eagleland. The Type 370 CIWS entails a six-barreled 40mm Gatling gun, with a rate of fire of approximately 5,500 rounds per minute, which is linked to the GXN-990 system of the ship, whilst also including it's very own TPS-830K surveillance and fire-control radar, an electro-optical targeting system (EOTS), panoramic periscope, forward looking infrared system (FLIR), laser rangefinder (LRF), and a thermal sight. The combined targeting system of EOTS, FLIR, and LRF has a targeting range of 7 km. The TPS-830K radar can detect and track a 2 m2-RCS target from a range of 17 km.

The TPS-830K radar is an X-band (8 to 12.5 GHz) surveillance and fire-control pulse-Doppler radar, specialized for use against low-flying aircraft. Its features include real-time early warning, multiple target detection, an integral L-band (1 to 2 GHz) Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) subsystem, pulse compression, frequency agility, and adaptive moving target indication as an anti-chaff measure. It supplies ballistic computation data to the digital fire-control system to direct the aim of the electro-optical targeting system, which then aligns the 40 mm guns with the target for accurate fire. The secondary FLIR system and laser rangefinder supplements the TPS-830K radar to provide additional targeting means in case the radar is rendered inoperative, or is turned off to retain the element of surprise against aircraft that are equipped with radar warning receivers.

The Type 370 also includes four anti-air missiles, as part of it's overall system, and has a range of 4,000 metres, an ammunition storage of 3,500 rounds of ammunition (which can be reloaded through the ship's automated reloading process), a reaction time of four seconds to Mach 2 missiles, elevation −25 to +85 degrees and full 180 Degree Traverse or full 360 Degree traverse, depending on the system's location on the ship. It is an autonomous and completely automatic weapon system for short-range defense of ships against highly maneuverable missiles, aircraft and fast maneuvering surface vessels. Once activated the system automatically performs the entire process from surveillance and detection to destruction, including selection of the next priority target.

The MK 36 Super Rapid Bloom Offboard Countermeasures (SRBOC) Chaff and Decoy Launching System is a deck-mounted, mortar-type countermeasure system that may be used to launch an array of chaff cartridges against a variety of threats. The purpose of the system is to confuse hostile missile guidance and fire control systems by creating false signals. The launching system is controlled from the Combat Information Center and is dependent on information provided by the detection and threat analysis equipment on the ship.

The DLS MK 36 Mod 12 is a mortar-tube launched decoy countermeasures system that projects decoys aloft at specific heights and ranges. Each DLS launcher includes six fixed-angle (elevation) tubes: four tubes set at 45 degrees and two tubes set at 60 degrees. Decoy selection and firing is controlled from either the EW console of the bridge launcher control. The DLS launches the following types of decoys: SRBOC - which uses chaff to deceive RF-emitting missiles/radars, NATO Sea Gnat - which is similar to SRBOC but with extended range and a larget payload of chaff, and TORCH - which uses heat to deceive infrarad-seeking missiles.

The Torpedo Countermeasures Transmitting Set AN/SLQ-25B, commonly referred to as Nixie, is a passive, electro-acoustic decoy system used to provide deceptive countermeasures against acoustic homing torpedoes. The AN/SLQ-25B employs an underwater acoustic projector housed in a streamlined body which is towed astern on a combination tow/signal-transfer coaxial cable. An on board generated signal is used by the towed body to produce an acoustic signal to decoy the hostile torpedo away from the ship. It also includes a fiber optic display LAN, a torpedo alertment capability and a towed array sensor. The decoy emits signals to draw a torpedo away from its intended target. The Nixie attempts to defeat a torpedo's passive sonar by emitting simulated ship noise, such as propeller and engine noise, which is more attractive than the ship to the torpedo's sensors.

Protection against electromagnetic interference and EMP attack is provided by the use of fiber optic cabling and circuitry composed of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) where possible. Additional protections are provided by utilization of antennas and power connections with surge protectors designed specifically to defend against EMP attack and the crew area is coated with a conductive coating.

The ships can either transport a maximum of 3,000 armoured vehicles plus crew, or 500 light vehicles plus 10,000 soldiers. The Hermes Class can house only one medium-sizedhelicopter. Each ship carries a NATO Role 3 medical facility, i.e. equivalent to the field hospital of an Army division or army corps, or to the hospital of a 25,000-inhabitant city, complete with dentistry, diagnostics, specialist surgical and medical capabilities, food hygiene and psychological capabilities. A SYRACUSE-based telemedicine system allows performing complex specialised surgery. The 900 m² hospital provides 20 rooms and 200 hospitalisation beds, of which 45 are fit for intensive care. The two surgery blocks come complete with a radiology room providing digital radiography and ultrasonography, and that can be fitted with a mobile CT scanner. 250 medicalised beds are kept in reserve and can be installed in the helicopter hangar to extend the capacity of the hospital in case of emergency.

The Hermes Class APN is built using a double-hull design. Originally used in civilian cargo ships (primarily tankers, especially after the Exxon Valdez accident in 1989), the double-hull, however expensive, serves two particular purposes; firstly, it provides additional protection from collisions, allisions and groundings; secondly, it provides room for ballast tanks and the use of Adaptiv Plates. Adaptiv is an active camouflage technology developed by BAE Systems to protect military vehicles from detection by near infrared night vision devices. It consists of an array of hexagonal Peltier plates which can be rapidly heated and cooled to form any desired image, such as of the natural background or of a non-target object. Peltier cooling plates take advantage of what is known as the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials. This effect is commonly used for cooling electronic components and small instruments. There are no moving parts and such a device is maintenance-free. In such a way, these plates can either conceal or mask the infrared identity of the vehicle with other objects. Adaptiv plates are placed inside the main armour, so that the process of the conduction of heat will transfer that new heat signature to the rest of the vehicle. Given that ships of this size are impossible to shield from FLIR, the Adaptiv plates provide sufficient signature reduction from FLIR detection.

Also, the shape of the hull and the superstructures is devised for the optimal reduction of the radar signature. Stealth is achieved with inclined flanks, as few vertical lines as possible, and very clean lines and superstructures: stairs and mooring equipment are internal, and prominent structures are covered by clear surfaces. The superstructures are built using radar-absorbent synthetic materials. The Hermes Class APNs are also equipped with jammers that can generate false radar images. It's exhaust entails a heat supression system to mix hot air from the reactor with cool air from outside, further reducing thermal signatures. The usual funnel is replaced with a small sets of pipes, aft of the mast, which cool the exit gas before it is released.

The magnetic signature is reduced by the presence of a demagnetisation belt. A steel-hulled ship is like a huge floating magnet with a large magnetic field surrounding it. As the ship moves through the water, this field also moves and adds to or subtracts from the Earth's magnetic field. Because of its distortion effects on the Earth's magnetic field, the ship can act as a trigger device for magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices which are designed to detect these distortions. The degaussing system is installed aboard ship to reduce the ship's effect on the Earth's magnetic field. In order to accomplish this, the change in the Earth's field about the ship's hull is "canceled" by controlling the electric current flowing through degaussing coils wound in specific locations within the hull. This, in turn, reduces the possibility of detection by these magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices. The system used for demagnetisation includes a Main coil, an Athwartship coil and a Forecastle-Induced - Quarterdeck-Induced coil.

A Main Coil (M) compensates the induced and permanent vertical components of the ship's magnetic field (Z zone). It is installed in the horizontal plane at the waterline. As the ship changes hemispheres the coil current polarity must be manually adjusted. The Athwartship coil (A) is installed in the vertical plane and extends from the keel to the main deck. It compensates the athwartship induced and athwartship's permanent components of the ship's magnetic field. The A coil current consists of permanent and induced components. The Forecastle induced - Quarterdeck induced coils (FI-QI) are located in the same area as the FP-QP coils, they compensate for the longitudinal induced component of the ship's magnetic field. The FI-QI current is proportional to the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field along the ship's longitudinal axis. The FI-QI coil current is manually changed, by shifting the "H zone" switch on the switchboard, when the ship's location changes H zones. The degaussing system automatically compensates for heading changes by converting a gyro input signal to a magnetic heading.

The acoustic signature is minimized by mounting the engines on elastic supports, as to transmit as little vibrations to the hull as possible, and by rubber coating on the propellers. Finally, Vital zones are armoured in Kevlar, and important systems are redundant. The crew is protected against biological, chemical and nuclear environments. The hull has a pronounced angle at the stem, with a short forecastle that integrates directly into the superstructure. The single anchor is located exactly on the stem, into which it is completely recessed. The deck where the seamanship equipment and capstans are installed is internal in order to hide it from radar. The superstructure is built in one piece and directly integrates into the hull, with only a change in inclination. A platform is located between the main gun and the bridge.

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Specifications

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-Name: Hermes Class
-Type: Transport Ship, Nuclear (APN)
-Country of Origin: The Eagleland

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-Designer: Onassis Military Shipbuilding, S.A., Myrmidon Tactical Design
-Designed: 2007-2010
-Manufacturer: Palaimachos Arms (as of 2013)
-Produced: 2010 - Present
-Number built: 1,000

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-Weight: 35,200 tons
-Length: 310 m
-Breadth: 56 m
-Draft: 8.5 m
-Crew: 25 Officers, 170 Enlisted + 10,000 Soldiers maximum
-Armor: 64 mm Kevlar over vital spaces.
-Armament: 140× VLS modules, 30×40 mm CIWS, AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System, AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys
-Vehicles Carried: 3,000x vehicles maximum (x500 light if 10,000 troops are to be included)
-Aircraft Carried: 1 heavy, medium or light helicopter
-Engine: 1x Kinisis 756 Nuclear Reactor (170 MW)
-Fuel capacity: Unlimited
-Range: Unlimited
-Speed: 25 knots

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Export Policy

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Currently, as of December 2013, Palaimachos Arms Limited offers the Hermes Class APN to military customers at the cost of nine hundred million NationStates Dollars per unit (NS$900,000,000). Domestic Production Rights Licences are are available for two hundred billion NationStates Dollars (NS$200,000,000,000). Produced vehicles and Domestic Production Rights may not be re-sold to other foreign entities or states or subjects without authorisation from Palaimachos Arms Limited.

[The Eagleland]

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History

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The Maria Class Fast Combat Support Ship (Greek: Πλοίο Ταχείας Υποστήριξης Κλάσεως Μαρίας) are a class of Fast Combat Support Ships for the Eagleland Navy, manufactured by Poseidon Military Maritime Industry, LLC, used to refuel, rearm, and restock ships in the Eagleland Navy in all Maritime Environments. As of 2013, there are 2,000 Maria Class Fast Combat Support Ships in the Eagleland Navy.

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Characteristics

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The Maria Class AOEN is a nuclear-powered fast combat support ship, capable of transporting twenty million litres of fuel, three thousand, five hundred tons of ammunition, five hundred tonnes of dry stores and two hundred and fifty tonnes of refrigerated stores, eight hundred bottles of Bottled gas and eighty thousand litres of water. It receives petroleum products, ammunition and stores from shuttle ships and redistributes these items simultaneously to carrier battle group ships. This reduces the vulnerability of serviced ships by reducing alongside time.

The Maria Class is moved by one Kinisis 753 Nuclear Reactor, capable of producing 90 Megawatts of electricity. This is a molten salt reactor (MSR), which is a class of nuclear fission reactors in which the primary coolant, or even the fuel itself, is a molten salt mixture. MSRs run at higher temperatures than water-cooled reactors for higher thermodynamic efficiency, while staying at low vapor pressure. The salt mixture utilised in this instance is FLiBe, which is a mixture of lithium fluoride (LiF) and beryllium fluoride (BeF2). As a molten salt it is used as a nuclear reactor coolant having a melting point of 459°C, a boiling point of 1430°C, and a density of 1.94 g/cm3. Its heat capacity is 4540 kJ/m3, which is similar to that of water, more than four times that of sodium, and more than 200 times that of helium (at typical reactor conditions). That reactor boasts a number of advantages, primarily safety and efficiency, given that the design is inherently simple. The energy produced in the Maria Class is more than enough to power all electronic components of this design.

The ship is defended by twenty VLS modules (to be used with anti-air, anti-ship or anti-submarine missiles), three Type 370 40 mm CIWS, one Rolling Airframe Missile platform and a series of countermeasures such as the AN/SLQ-25B Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System and AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys. Decoy employment is used primarily to defend against anti-ship missiles which have avoided detection and penetrated to the terminal-defense area that represents an imminent threat to the ship. The Epameinondas Class LHAN can carry a maximum of ten aircraft on it's flight deck, plus two in the front hangar for repairs.

The Type 370 Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) has been developed for the Eagleland Navy by Hyperion Defence Ltd of the Eagleland. The Type 370 CIWS entails a six-barreled 40mm Gatling gun, with a rate of fire of approximately 5,500 rounds per minute, which is linked to the GXN-990 system of the ship, whilst also including it's very own TPS-830K surveillance and fire-control radar, an electro-optical targeting system (EOTS), panoramic periscope, forward looking infrared system (FLIR), laser rangefinder (LRF), and a thermal sight. The combined targeting system of EOTS, FLIR, and LRF has a targeting range of 7 km. The TPS-830K radar can detect and track a 2 m2-RCS target from a range of 17 km.

The TPS-830K radar is an X-band (8 to 12.5 GHz) surveillance and fire-control pulse-Doppler radar, specialized for use against low-flying aircraft. Its features include real-time early warning, multiple target detection, an integral L-band (1 to 2 GHz) Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) subsystem, pulse compression, frequency agility, and adaptive moving target indication as an anti-chaff measure. It supplies ballistic computation data to the digital fire-control system to direct the aim of the electro-optical targeting system, which then aligns the 40 mm guns with the target for accurate fire. The secondary FLIR system and laser rangefinder supplements the TPS-830K radar to provide additional targeting means in case the radar is rendered inoperative, or is turned off to retain the element of surprise against aircraft that are equipped with radar warning receivers.

The Type 370 also includes four anti-air missiles, as part of it's overall system, and has a range of 4,000 metres, an ammunition storage of 3,500 rounds of ammunition (which can be reloaded through the ship's automated reloading process), a reaction time of four seconds to Mach 2 missiles, elevation −25 to +85 degrees and full 180 Degree Traverse or full 360 Degree traverse, depending on the system's location on the ship. It is an autonomous and completely automatic weapon system for short-range defense of ships against highly maneuverable missiles, aircraft and fast maneuvering surface vessels. Once activated the system automatically performs the entire process from surveillance and detection to destruction, including selection of the next priority target.

The MK 36 Super Rapid Bloom Offboard Countermeasures (SRBOC) Chaff and Decoy Launching System is a deck-mounted, mortar-type countermeasure system that may be used to launch an array of chaff cartridges against a variety of threats. The purpose of the system is to confuse hostile missile guidance and fire control systems by creating false signals. The launching system is controlled from the Combat Information Center and is dependent on information provided by the detection and threat analysis equipment on the ship.

The DLS MK 36 Mod 12 is a mortar-tube launched decoy countermeasures system that projects decoys aloft at specific heights and ranges. Each DLS launcher includes six fixed-angle (elevation) tubes: four tubes set at 45 degrees and two tubes set at 60 degrees. Decoy selection and firing is controlled from either the EW console of the bridge launcher control. The DLS launches the following types of decoys: SRBOC - which uses chaff to deceive RF-emitting missiles/radars, NATO Sea Gnat - which is similar to SRBOC but with extended range and a larget payload of chaff, and TORCH - which uses heat to deceive infrarad-seeking missiles.

The Torpedo Countermeasures Transmitting Set AN/SLQ-25B, commonly referred to as Nixie, is a passive, electro-acoustic decoy system used to provide deceptive countermeasures against acoustic homing torpedoes. The AN/SLQ-25B employs an underwater acoustic projector housed in a streamlined body which is towed astern on a combination tow/signal-transfer coaxial cable. An on board generated signal is used by the towed body to produce an acoustic signal to decoy the hostile torpedo away from the ship. It also includes a fiber optic display LAN, a torpedo alertment capability and a towed array sensor. The decoy emits signals to draw a torpedo away from its intended target. The Nixie attempts to defeat a torpedo's passive sonar by emitting simulated ship noise, such as propeller and engine noise, which is more attractive than the ship to the torpedo's sensors.

Protection against electromagnetic interference and EMP attack is provided by the use of fiber optic cabling and circuitry composed of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) where possible. Additional protections are provided by utilization of antennas and power connections with surge protectors designed specifically to defend against EMP attack and the crew area is coated with a conductive coating.

Additionally, a Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS) has been installed to treat all combustible solid waste generated on board the ship. A plasma torch uses an inert gas such as steam. The electrodes vary from copper or tungsten to hafnium or zirconium, along with various other alloys. A strong electric current under high voltage passes between the two electrodes as an electric arc. Pressurised inert gas is ionized passing through the plasma created by the arc. The torch's temperature ranges from 2,200 to 13,900 °C. The temperature of the plasma reaction determines the structure of the plasma and forming gas. This can be optimized to minimize ballast contents, composed of the byproducts of oxidation. At these conditions molecular dissociation can occur by breaking down molecular bonds. The resulting elemental components are in a gaseous phase. Complex molecules are separated into individual atoms. Molecular dissociation using plasma is referred to as "plasma pyrolysis."

Munitions and ammunition handling is accomplished using a highly mechanised weapons handling system (HMWHS). This is a first naval application of a common land-based warehouse system. The HMWHS moves palletised munitions from the magazines and weapon preparation areas, along track ways and via several lifts, forward and aft or port and starboard. The tracks can carry a pallet to magazines, the hangar, weapons preparation areas, and the flight deck. In a change from normal procedures the magazines are unmanned, the movement of pallets is controlled from a central location, and manpower is only required when munitions are being initially stored or prepared for use. This system speeds up delivery and reduces the size of the crew by automation, whilst simultaneously facilitates resupply by reducing the time needed to do so.

The Maria Class AOEN is built using a double-hull design. Originally used in civilian cargo ships (primarily tankers, especially after the Exxon Valdez accident in 1989), the double-hull, however expensive, serves two particular purposes; firstly, it provides additional protection from collisions, allisions and groundings; secondly, it provides room for ballast tanks and the use of Adaptiv Plates. Adaptiv is an active camouflage technology developed by BAE Systems to protect military vehicles from detection by near infrared night vision devices. It consists of an array of hexagonal Peltier plates which can be rapidly heated and cooled to form any desired image, such as of the natural background or of a non-target object. Peltier cooling plates take advantage of what is known as the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials. This effect is commonly used for cooling electronic components and small instruments. There are no moving parts and such a device is maintenance-free. In such a way, these plates can either conceal or mask the infrared identity of the vehicle with other objects. Adaptiv plates are placed inside the main armour, so that the process of the conduction of heat will transfer that new heat signature to the rest of the vehicle. Given that ships of this size are impossible to shield from FLIR, the Adaptiv plates provide sufficient signature reduction from FLIR detection.

Also, the shape of the hull and the superstructures is devised for the optimal reduction of the radar signature. Stealth is achieved with inclined flanks, as few vertical lines as possible, and very clean lines and superstructures: stairs and mooring equipment are internal, and prominent structures are covered by clear surfaces. The superstructures are built using radar-absorbent synthetic materials. The Hermes Class APNs are also equipped with jammers that can generate false radar images. It's exhaust entails a heat supression system to mix hot air from the reactor with cool air from outside, further reducing thermal signatures. The usual funnel is replaced with a small sets of pipes, aft of the mast, which cool the exit gas before it is released.

The magnetic signature is reduced by the presence of a demagnetisation belt. A steel-hulled ship is like a huge floating magnet with a large magnetic field surrounding it. As the ship moves through the water, this field also moves and adds to or subtracts from the Earth's magnetic field. Because of its distortion effects on the Earth's magnetic field, the ship can act as a trigger device for magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices which are designed to detect these distortions. The degaussing system is installed aboard ship to reduce the ship's effect on the Earth's magnetic field. In order to accomplish this, the change in the Earth's field about the ship's hull is "canceled" by controlling the electric current flowing through degaussing coils wound in specific locations within the hull. This, in turn, reduces the possibility of detection by these magnetic sensitive ordnance or devices. The system used for demagnetisation includes a Main coil, an Athwartship coil and a Forecastle-Induced - Quarterdeck-Induced coil.

A Main Coil (M) compensates the induced and permanent vertical components of the ship's magnetic field (Z zone). It is installed in the horizontal plane at the waterline. As the ship changes hemispheres the coil current polarity must be manually adjusted. The Athwartship coil (A) is installed in the vertical plane and extends from the keel to the main deck. It compensates the athwartship induced and athwartship's permanent components of the ship's magnetic field. The A coil current consists of permanent and induced components. The Forecastle induced - Quarterdeck induced coils (FI-QI) are located in the same area as the FP-QP coils, they compensate for the longitudinal induced component of the ship's magnetic field. The FI-QI current is proportional to the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field along the ship's longitudinal axis. The FI-QI coil current is manually changed, by shifting the "H zone" switch on the switchboard, when the ship's location changes H zones. The degaussing system automatically compensates for heading changes by converting a gyro input signal to a magnetic heading.

The acoustic signature is minimized by mounting the engines on elastic supports, as to transmit as little vibrations to the hull as possible, and by rubber coating on the propellers. Finally, Vital zones are armoured in Kevlar, and important systems are redundant. The crew is protected against biological, chemical and nuclear environments. The hull has a pronounced angle at the stem, with a short forecastle that integrates directly into the superstructure. The single anchor is located exactly on the stem, into which it is completely recessed. The deck where the seamanship equipment and capstans are installed is internal in order to hide it from radar. The superstructure is built in one piece and directly integrates into the hull, with only a change in inclination. A platform is located between the main gun and the bridge.

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Specifications

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-Name: Alexander Class
-Type: Fast Combat Support Ship, Nuclear (AOEN)
-Country of Origin: The Eagleland

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-Designer: Onassis Military Shipbuilding, S.A.
-Designed: 2007-2010
-Manufacturer: Palaimachos Arms (as of 2013)
-Produced: 2010 - Present
-Number built: 2,000

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-Weight: 51,000 tons
-Length: 229.9 m
-Breadth: 32.6 m
-Draft: 12 m
-Crew: 20 Officers, 140 Enlisted
-Armor: 64 mm Kevlar over vital spaces.
-Armament: 20× VLS modules, 3 × 30 mm CIWS, 1x 12 tube rolling airframe defense turret, AN/SLQ-25 Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures, MK 36 MOD 12 Decoy Launching System, AN/SLQ-39 CHAFF Buoys
-Aircraft Carried: 1 helicopter
-Engine: 1x Kinisis 753 Nuclear Reactor (90 MW)
-Cargo capacity: Fuel: 20,000,000 litres; Bottled gas: 800 bottles; Ordnance stowage: 3,500 t; Dry Stores: 500 tonnes; Refrigerated Stores: 250 tonnes; Water: 80,000 litres
-Range: Unlimited
-Speed: 40 knots

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Export Policy

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Currently, as of December 2013, Palaimachos Arms Limited offers the Maria Class AOEN to military customers at the cost of two hundred and fifty million NationStates Dollars per unit (NS$250,000,000). Domestic Production Rights Licences are are available for two hundred billion NationStates Dollars (NS$20,000,000,000). Produced vehicles and Domestic Production Rights may not be re-sold to other foreign entities or states or subjects without authorisation from Palaimachos Arms Limited.