Cultural Etiquette in YN

[Jacrain]

What is the cultural etiquette of YN? What's considered socially unacceptable? What are the social behaviors of YN?

Code: Select all

[b]The People of YN[/b]

[b]Regional Differences[/b] (Optional)

[b]Meeting & Greeting in YN[/b]

[b]Names & Titles in YN[/b]

[b]Body Language in YN[/b]

[b]Corporate Culture in YN[/b]

[b]Dining & Entertainment[/b]

[b]Dress[/b]

[b]Gifts[/b]

[b]Helpful Hints[/b] (Optional)


[Andocara]

The People of YN

Andocarians are very diverse; ethnically, racially, linguistically, and culturally. Nearly half of Andocarians are of English, Irish, German, or Spaniard (or Spanish Andocarian) ancestry. Over 25% of the population are immigrants. The country is divided into 8 subdivisions; each with significant autonomy, though not significant enough to be a state. Andocarians are unconventional, progressive, innovative, and tidy. Zarebna, the country's northernmost region is a historical Russian colony and is where most speakers of Andocarian Russian live. It still retains some of its roots, especially in rural areas. Andocara Sur, the country's southernmost region is a predominantly Spanish-speaking region and has some cultural similarities with Mexico and other countries in Central America. It is mostly inhabited by Spanish Andocarians (also known as Andocarõs), with a significant Latin American population.

Regional Differences (Optional)

* Andocarians can differ depending on whether they're urban or rural, or the division they're from. They differ in temperament, dialect, and subculture. In the Pandora division (the northernmost English-speaking division), there are cultural similarities with the Cascadia region in North America, and the people are more aloof, intellectual, savvy, ambitious, sophisticated, mature, and health-conscious. Pandora is known for its major contribution to the country's information technology and science industries. Vega is the southernmost English-speaking division and is basically like Southern California, without much of the Spanish infrastructure. Residents of this division are laidback, thrill-seeking, innovative, open-minded, adventurous, and fun, though not necessarily sloppy. They are more warm and cordial than residents in Pandora. Vega is known for its major contribution to the country's entertainment and arts industries, where the Andocarian game show 'Rush' takes place. The division of Portcha is in Central Andocara, and is known for its strong European-style architecture, and its high degree of multiculturalism. People here are more practical-minded than in other parts of Andocara. They are also cynical, judgmental, fair-minded, and politically apathetic. The division of Gialayo is the westernmost division in Andocara. This division is known for its ports, shipyards, and industries. There is also more oriental cultural influence here than anywhere else outside of Asia. This is due to its major city of the same name, being a relatively new city, and high levels of immigration dating back to the mid-20th century. People here have a temperament that is mixed between those of Vega and Pandora. The division of Europa is where the most populous city (Paramount City) is located. This division is multicultural and worldly, and people see their division as "the heart of Andocara". People here are more vain and superficial than other Andocarians. Unfortunately, it gets a reputation for being the most hated division in Andocara. The division of Midway is one of the three divisions located outside of Mainland Andocara. It contains the nation's capital, Victoria. Then there are the two non-English dominant divisions, Zarebna (Russian), and Andocara Sur (Spanish). People of Zarebna are introspective, private, stoic, and is the most insular division in Andocara. Andocara Sur is known for its rich history and Spanish colonial architecture. The source of immigration in most places in Andocara is extremely diverse, but in Andocara Sur, most immigrants come from Latin America. The people of Andocara Sur are more lively and boisterous than other Andocarians. They are a mix of North American and Latin American culturally. People living in rural areas are more nature loving, eccentric, organic, and esoteric. They are often wary of people living in cities.

Meeting & Greeting in YN

* When meeting someone, eye contact and a friendly greeting are all that's necessary. Northerners aren't fond of physical contact such as shaking hands or hugging. Southerners, especially natives of Andocara Sur are more open to a handshake in greetings.

* Andocarians generally greet by saying "Hi", "Hello", or "How are you?". Spanish Andocarians greet by saying "Saludos"

* Women should extend their hand to men first. In Andocara Sur, a bow is generally expected.

* English-speaking Andocarians have similar greetings and social etiquette to Americans, just a little more formal.

Names & Titles in YN

* In professional settings, people are addressed by their title and last name. It's only appropriate to use their first name if they invite you to do so, which is usually in private settings. Andocarians may also use first names amongst family or close friends.

Body Language in YN

* Staring is considered impolite.

* Give people at least 1 meter of personal space.

* Andocarians aren't fond of physical contact unless it's family or close friends. This is especially the case with Northerners.

* No physical contact between colleagues of the opposite gender.

* Most Andocarians don't do PDA, except those in Andocara Sur.

Corporate Culture in YN

* Punctuality is valued in corporate culture. If a meeting is scheduled for a specific time, expect it to start no later than that time. If you’re going to be a few minutes late, let the boss/manager know ahead of time and state the reason why you’re late. It’s appropriate to apologize while letting them know and thanking them once you get there.

* Business cards are frequently exchanged.

* Andocarians get down to business right away. They may engage in little side conversations and take business matters seriously. They are less informal and less relaxed than Americans.

* Only one person talks at a time during a meeting. If someone has to interject, they say "Excuse me", or "Sorry for the interjection". If someone has an emergency, they raise their index finger and leave upon approval.

* It is very important to meet deadlines. If you tell someone that you will have a report to them by a certain date, or that you will fax something to them immediately, they will take you at your word. People who miss deadlines are viewed as irresponsible and undependable.

* When talking, people are polite and straightforward. They don't laugh, yell, tell jokes, or act crass.

* Competition is encouraged, however arrogance or pretentiousness is unacceptable.

* Contracts are detailed and to the point.

Dining & Entertainment

* In professional settings, the host of a dinner is expected to pay for it. In more casual settings, everyone is expected to pay for their own meal.

* The host normally offers the first toast. Wait until everyone is served wine and a toast is proposed before drinking. It is acceptable for women to propose toast.

* Though serious about business matters, Andocarians are quite relaxed and festive at social events. They fit the phrase "work hard, play hard".

* Never show up early or on time at a party in Andocara Sur.

* Never begin eating until everyone is served and your hosts have begun.

* Talking while your mouth is full is socially unacceptable.

* You should leave a very small amount of food on your plate when finished eating.

* If you have to get something that is across the table, ask the person near the object to pass it down to you.

* It is considered impolite to ask for a tour of your host's home.

* Andocarians follow continental-style dining etiquette (fork held in the left hand; knife in right).

* Keep your hands above the table and elbows off the table.

Dress

* The way Andocarians dress somewhat varies by region, and varies by occasion. Generally, Andocarians dress more "conservatively" and formally than Americans, except in the rural areas, where many people dress a lot more comfortably and homely.

* Dressing flashy or provocatively is unacceptable in most situations. However, don't dress dirty either.

* Fashion in Andocara Sur share similarities with those of many Spanish-speaking countries.

* For business meetings, men should wear suits and ties, preferably dark colored; women should wear conservative suits or dresses.

Gifts

* When invited to someone's home, always bring a small gift for the hostess. Give flowers, chocolates, wine, champagne, or books. Present the gift upon arrival. Avoid red roses or white lilies.

Helpful Hints (Optional)

* Don't talk about your religious/spiritual beliefs or political ideologies.

* Don’t bring up contentious social issues in Andocara (for example, the relationship between Andocara Sur and English Andocara)

* Hold the door open for the person walking behind you.

* Say "Pardon me" or "Excuse me" if you touch someone or even get close to someone.

* Andocarians don't talk about personal or private things with strangers.

* Do not violate a queue. It is considered very rude to push ahead in a line.

* Do not shout or be loud in public places and don’t use excessive, demonstrative hand gestures when speaking. This behavior however, is more acceptable in Andocara Sur. In Pandora, shouting in public is seen as improper and unpleasant.

* Try not to use a lot of superlatives when speaking.

* No littering, especially in the subregion of Pandora.

* Don't stare or point at someone.

* Don't speak on things you know little or nothing about. It would be appropriate to start it with "I heard that", or "I've been told". Or if curious, ask questions about the subject at hand.

* Don't compare Andocara to the United States, especially California. Don’t compare it to any English speaking developed country.

[Tangatarehua]

This post is WIP

The People of YN

Tangatarehua is a mostly homogeneous society, with 89% of people either Maori or Polynesian. 7% of people are Asian (though not necessarily immigrants) and 3% are white, with other races (such as African, Latin or Arab) comprising only 1% of the population. Te Reo Maori is the national language although Japanese is a recognised minority language in the southernmost island of Motumakariri. The country is a unitary state, comprising of four main islands ("the home islands"), hundreds of smaller islands and is divided into 21 mostly-ceremonial Iwi Whenua, or Prefectures. Although most people officially claim an affiliation with Tikunga Wairua, the state religion, in practice Tangatarehua is an extremely secular society with 68% of people claiming to be either atheists or to possess no religious beliefs.

• Rehuans are generally quite reserved but extremely polite and they expect complete politeness from others in return.
• Talking to strangers is not usual, unless you're specifically asking for help.
• There's often an expectation that if you see someone in need, you go to their aid immediately and that this is paid forward.
• An important concept in Rehuan culture is utu, loosely translated as 'revenge' although this also refers to acts of service and 'paying it forward'. The philosophy is that acts of kindness should always be repaid and acts of unkindness should never go unpunished.

Regional Differences (Optional)

While the caste system outranks regionalism as being the biggest cultural division in the country, there are nevertheless minor but not insignificant differences in different areas, as the 21 Iwi Whenua represent ancient tribal boundaries and therefore minor cultural differences.

The most notable regional differences are between the northern two islands (Moanapapa and Marangawhenua) and the southern two islands (Rangiwhero and Motumakariri.) The former tend to be more urbanised, better educated and wealthier but are perceived as "snobby" while the southern islands (and to a lesser extent the northern Ikame nga Maramara island chain) are typically more rural, less educated and stereotypically perceived as prone to violence or criminality or as "hicks".

There is also a significant independence movement on the southernmost island of Motumakariri (the island was 'conquered' by Tangatarehua in the 19th century), due to presence of the island's native Yuri people, a Japonic people while the island also has a large Muslim population. While there is no consensus on independence or even a majority level of support, it is a touchy subject in the area and people on both sides of the debate may have very strong feelings for or against leaving the Empire of Tangatarehua.

Urban areas are notably safer for tourists than rural areas, as the latter tend not to be familiar with foreigners and in many cases may be actively hostile to the presence of foreigners in their villages.

Meeting & Greeting in YN

• When meeting or greeting someone informally, a bow or even a curt downward nod of the head is considered sufficient
• In formal situations you may be asked to greet someone with a hongi, which involves pressing your nose against someone else's nose and breathing out to share the wairua (air/spirit) between you.
• Handshakes are not common and, excluding formal situations with carefully prepared protocols (such as above) touching other people is frowned upon - especially touching someone's head.
• The formal greeting for one other person is Tena Koe and is best used in business or political settings, or when greeting a stranger. When greeting two people it's Tena Korua and a group is Tena Kotou although it's rarely expected that a foreigner will be asked to greet a group. Kia Ora is equivalent to "hi" although it's considered polite to reserve this only for someone you already know well.
• Although it's seldom enforced today, among older or more traditional people it is expected that men will not speak to or greet a woman unless a woman initiates conversation with them first.
• Eye contact should be avoided or kept to a minimum, lest it be perceived as a challenge, threat or even as potentially violent. This does not apply if you know the other person well.
• It is not acceptable to make eye contact with someone of a higher caste - and in Tangatarehua, Pakeha (foreigners) are always the lowest caste and as such are discouraged from making eye contact with strangers unless invited to (i.e. you have shared a hongi with the other person and been formally acknowledged as their guest)

Names & Titles in YN

• In Tangatarehua your surname comes first and your first name comes second. (E.g. for Te Rata Te Rongomau, "Te Rongomau" is actually the first name and "Te Rata" is the surname.)
• Traditionally, most people only ever had one name and the advent of surnames did not appear until the "Aringa Reforms" of the 19th century (when Tangatarehua began adopting western customs). As such, it's perfectly fine to address most people by their first name.
• You can usually tell a member of the nobility by the length of their name - if they have more than two names it's a guarantee that they're from a Toa family at the bare minimum. However it's still acceptable to address them by their given name (which will usually be the last part of their name, unless they specifically state otherwise).
• Very high ranking members of the nobility or government officials will only ever be addressed by their title (e.g. "Kaitiaki", "Koromatua") or else by an official honorific (e.g. "Tona Tapu" for the Empress, meaning "Her Sacred Majesty" or "Tino Mana" for the Rangatira, meaning "Most Honourable").
• The elderly tend only to be addressed as Kaumatua, even though a Kaumatua is actually a minor noble rank. Addressing any elderly person you meet as such is considered a compliment as it shows you respect them enough to think they might be nobility.
• The name of the reigning Empress is never, ever spoken. It can be written down or spoken once she is deceased, by it is polite to refer to her only ever as "Te Kuia o Whenua [Empress]" or "Tona Tapu [Her Sacred Majesty]."
• It's considered even more offensive and disrespectful to use an Empress's birth name/Princess name (e.g. to call the current Empress "Putiputi").

Body Language in YN

• As stated above, eye contact should be kept to a minimum
• Prolonged eye contact is considered a challenge or a threat of violence (especially among males) so if you stare a stranger in the eye longer than a few seconds, don't be surprised if you get punched in the face.
• Most people expect at least a metre of personal space, unless you are in a group or communal setting in which case physical closeness is acceptable.
• A man should never, ever touch a woman, unless invited. In fact it's often customary for men and women to be seated on opposite ends of the room and to rarely comingle, unless permission to do so is given by the highest ranking woman in the room.
• It's usually advised to avoid showing your teeth when smiling as this could be perceived as threatening.
• Public displays of affection are absolutely unheard of - this is strictly an indoor affair.
• Eating or drinking in public is sometimes frowned upon, depending on the situation but generally it's best that you eat indoors or at an establishment

Corporate Culture in YN

• Be punctual or else advise if you cannot make it on time to an appointment for some reason
• Corporate life is very polite, but direct. While small talk and other sideshows are not appreciated, neither are powerplays ("playing hardball") or displays of arrogance and disrespect.
• Never, ever try to hard-sell someone in Tangatarehua. They will instantly assume that you and your company are dishonest and/or potentially criminals with something to hide.
• Never overstate or exaggerate your position - in fact you should always try to humble yourself. (e.g. it's better to refer to your multinational corporation as "a small family owned business" than to call your tech start-up "one of the world's most exciting and fastest growing companies").
• Corporations in Tangatarehua ("Rōpū pūtea nui") are expected not just to make money but to contribute socially in exchange for generous tax concessions from the government. A corporate job is considered a job for life and it's expected that an employee's entire family will be taken care of too. Displays of ruthless hiring and firing are not the norm in Tangatarehua (although this is more acceptable among "Kaporeihana Ke" or "Foreign Corporations" based in Tangatareua).
• Like most aspects of life in Tangatarehua, corporate life is extremely hierarchical. The idea of an open plan office where everyone knows the boss by their first name is unheard of - things are very stratified and in meetings you will always be paired with someone of equivalent rank.
• Try to keep things short, sweet and to the point. Be polite, but don't waste time.

Dining & Entertainment

• Traditionally, food is always a communal affair and sometimes you will be asked to help prepare the meal yourself.
• The norm when visiting a western-style restaurant is for everyone to pay for their own meal.
• Do not eat until the karakia (blessing) has been said.
• Elderly people and children are always first in line
• If you have been provided a meal as a guest, you will usually be expected to give a speech at the end of the meal thanking the hosts and those who prepared the meal.
• You will always be given more than enough food to eat as it's essential to the host that you are not left hungry. Whether you finish your plate or leave food uneaten is irrelevant - no one will be offended, as long as you don't complain you're still hungry afterwards.
• It's okay to decline to eat certain foods. People fully understand that foreigners might not eat certain traditional foods (especially if the meat in question is dog, whale or in extremely unlikely cases, human) and will not be offended if you decline.
• Don't talk with your mouthful or make too many loud sounds. Burping at the end of the meal is fine, as long as everyone has finished eating.
• Meals will usually begin with an alcoholic beverage, traditionally a shot of Waipiro Kumara (sweet potato vodka), a traditional Rehuan alcoholic beverage.
• Don't be surprised if someone breaks out a bong or cannabis pipe before the meal. You don't have to partake, but it's not uncommon for people (particularly women) to smoke a little bit of weed just before or after meal and pass it around communally.
• Never, ever tip at a restaurant. This is considered extremely rude as it suggests that you consider your waiter to be below you in social caste or requiring charity. It also suggests that you believe the establishment is too poor or immoral to pay their service staff fairly.
• It's rare to be invited into someone's home unless you are intimate with that person. Most activities take place in communal areas such as restaurants or Wharenui (traditional meeting houses).

Dress

• Rehuans generally dress conservatively, however 'conservative' dress in Tangatarehua is markedly different to the west.
• Never wear shoes indoors.
• Most people in Tangatarehua have tattoos (especially facial tattoos) and this is actually a mark of class and high culture. Most people will be honoured if you take an interest in the meaning behind their tattoos.
• In fact, most people will be more shocked by someone with no tattoos than with tattoos as a 'clean-face' is often associated with Taurekareka, the slave caste who tend to make up most of the crime statistics.
• Western-style clothes are fine but some people will dress in more traditional clothes such as Korowai, especially if they're upper class.
• Generally, it's best to dress for the weather. The south gets bitterly cold in winter and so people will gladly eschew tradition for the sake of survival in colder areas.
• It's not advised for tourists or foreigners to wear traditional Rehuan clothes - it's considered disrespectful or even mocking. The exception is if you are given a cloak as a gift, in which case you may wear it over your western clothes. Note however that such a gift is an extremely high honour usually reserved only for foreign heads of state.

Gifts

• Giving gifts on someone's birthday is not the norm, and Tangatarehua does not celebrate Christmas.
• Gift-giving does sometimes take place during Hakari o te Takurua [the winter solstice festival, held in late June] but such gifts tend to be small tokens or bottles of alcohol, rather than anything extravagant.
• In some situations a koha (donation) is expected, especially if you are invited to partake in a cultural ceremony or hosted as a guest. This need not be expensive - the most valuable form of koha from a foreigner would usually be an item or photograph from your home country.
• Koha can sometimes take the form of a cash donation (usually a few hundred Kohatus, equivalent to a few dollars), for example when visiting a museum.
• A Koha is also expected if you are invited into or stay at someone's home overnight - again, this need not be extravagant and could be something as simple as picture or something symbolic.
• Generally, it's best to avoid giving out lavish or expensive gifts as this can be embarrassing for the recipient. Small, thoughtful and symbolic gifts are always best.

Helpful Hints (Optional)

• Most Rehuans learn a basic level of English in school, but don't expect everyone to speak English. Learning even a few words of Maori will go a very long way in showing that you are respectful.
• Tangatarehua prides itself on hospitality and many Rehuans might be generous to the point of going without, so always be careful not to take advantage of people. They'll never show it, but they might end up going without eating to ensure their guest has enough.
• The most important concepts in Tangatarehua are Mana (pride, power, honour, authority) and Tapu (sacred). It is best to always act in a way that enhances another person's Mana (i.e. always being respectful and honourable) and you will be treated this way in return. Likewise, always listen to or have a guide on hand to ensure you don't accidentally break Tapu, as this can sometimes be more than a simply faux pas.
• Don't talk about politics or religion. At all. Ever.
• If you have nothing nice to say, say nothing at all. If you are openly critical of someone, you will be criticised in return - and social ostracisation and criticism in Tangatarehua can be absolutely brutal.
• Gender roles are very strictly defined and rigid, although Tangatarehua is more of a matriarchal society. The experience of women and men is likely to be quite different.
• If in doubt, ask. People will will always help someone in trouble or answer any question you have, but they cannot help you if you don't ask for it and state precisely what you want.
• Always be respectful, even if you find the customs absurd. For example, never laugh, eat or talk during a formal ceremony or criticise Rehuan culture (or worse yet - the Empress!). Otherwise you'll become a social pariah and if that happens you'll find yourself with nowhere to stay, no ability to use transportation and almost no sympathy from police when you're inevitably attacked by an angry mob.
• The group is always considered more important than the individual in Tangatarehua and you should always know your place or assume yourself to be in the lowest and most humble position in society.

[Plewnidminster]

The People of YN

Regional Differences?:
Very few as Plewnidminster is one, medium-sized, city

Meeting & Greeting in YN:
“Hello” is generally appropriate, “hi” is used between close friends or small children.

Names & Titles in YN?:
The Prince and Princess, the Duke and Duchess, Barons and Baronesses are [title last name],
knights and ladies are [title first name].
Professional people at work and bosses are generally [Mr/Mrs/Miss/Mx last name] or [Dr last name] if they hold a doctorate or MBBS.
Military and law enforcement personal are usually addressed by [rank last name] at work
whilst non-titled people in ordinary life (regardless of professional status) are usually addressed as [first name].

Corporate Culture in YN?:
Generally the rules about apply, except that women are [Dr/Miss/Mrs last name] regardless of the status of their jobs, a reflection of Plewminster chivalry.

Dining & Entertainment?:
Tips, generally 20% are expected, men are expected to pay on heterosexual/heteroromantic dates.

Dress:
Generally black tie at work except manual labour etcetera

Gifts:
To be added

Helpful Hints (Optional)

[Golyna]

The People of Golyna The people of Golyna are WEIRD(Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Developed) and primarily speak English. Golynans love to talk about all sorts of different topics, from politics to philosophy to the weather(it's always bad). They are quite diverse, with many differences in opinions, life experience, occupation, and race. If you get the chance to ask a Golynan about their life, take it! They always have something interesting to say.

Regional Differences The biggest divide you'll find is between east Golyna and west Golyna(also known as Westlake). Westlake speaks French(as opposed to English and Golynan), is much poorer, and lives a more rural lifestyle compared to the east of the country. The west of the country doesn't get nearly as many visitors and can be a lot more hostile towards tourists than those in the east.

Meeting & Greeting in Golyna A standard greeting in Golyna is the Golynan word salute!(pronounced sall way). Even when conversing in English, locals will use a few Golynan words here and there(which is why you should learn some Golynan). When meeting a person for the first time, it is customary to ask questions about their job, name, and make small talk and gossip.

Names & Titles in Golyna Names in Golyna follow the Anglo-American system of firstname lastname. You normally refer to someone by their first name. When speaking to someone with authority(or someone you don't know well) you refer to them as either sir or ma'am. Judges in a court of law are called Your Honor(hopefully you won't need to know that ). In most other circumstances, you would call them Mr. Lastname or Mrs. Lastname. While at work, you refer to everyone(even your bosses) by their first name. The only exceptions to this are in military and emergency services, where one is referred to by their rank and last name only.

Body Language in Golyna Body language in Golyna is very noticeable, as communication prioritizes getting the message across directly, without beating around the bush. If a person makes big movements with their body, it doesn't necessarily mean they're passionate about the topic or angry, they're just using acceptable body language.

Corporate Culture in Golyna Corporate culture values punctuality, productiveness, and getting things done early. An unorthodox(to Americans and Europeans) practice of many offices in Golyna is if you complete everything you were supposed to do early, you get to go home early. If you walk into an office in Golyna at 11am(late in the Golynan workday) it would be hard to find someone not working feverishly to complete all of their work(though most people would already be done by 11).

Dining & Entertainment Lunchtime in Golyna is the biggest meal of the day due to people getting off work. Because of this, children are allowed to leave school(with the exception of primary school students) to eat lunch with their friends rather than at school. For adults, lunch involves a lot of alcohol, meat, bread, and many other delicacies in the Golynan diet(like fish and venison). Entertainment in Golyna is simple, involving going outside to hike and bike and ski. Another popular form of entertainment, particularly around Lake Golyna, is sporting events. The big ones are association football and ice hockey.

Dress Golynans enjoy dressing up, even for seemingly trivial things like eating out or going shopping. Clothing is separated starkly along gender lines, with some clothes being for women and others being for men. The industries as a whole cater to this directly, with some shops marketing and selling to men and others selling and marketing to women. As for clothing itself, it is similar to garments worn in most other WEIRD countries(if you live in Europe or the US, it's what you'd normally wear), with a lot more formal garments being worn, especially by industrial workers(factory workers work very long hours).

Gifts Gift giving is only common around birthdays, wedding anniversaries, and New Years. However, when leaving Golyna, it is customary for locals to give tourists a cultural object from Golyna. Some such objects include traditional obsidian knives, animal bone necklaces, and various patriotic objects. One such patriotic object is the book How to Be a Citizen, a primary school textbook from the 1980s that has been resold and reprinted as a patriotic object. It rose to prominence after a member of the National Assembly took the oath of office with her hand on top of the book, which made national news.

Helpful Hints (Optional)
Golynans LOVE it when you speak Golynan. If you learn a few basic phrases, the locals will greatly appreciate it
Don't drive. Golyna heavily discourages car use, meaning it will be very hard to find a place to rent a car. Many big cities outright ban personally owned automobiles.
Golyna universally uses a 24 hour clock, so 1pm would be referred to as 1300.

[Sagrea]

The People of Sagrea

Sagrea is a country where way of life is in a symbiotic and interdependent relationship with the government. For those who are not native, Sagrea and Sagrean culture can seem difficult to understand. The National Information Department discloses this comprehensive guide to facilitate international discourse and foreign interaction.

Regional Differences (Optional)

Sagrea was first founded as a kingdom in 758 after the unification of the four princedoms. These regions would be notably influenced by the nobility of those regions and their sponsored mercenary companies. Today, these regions are less distinct, being separated into 9 districts in effective efforts to increase Sagrean unity.

Meeting & Greeting in Sagrea

• When meeting a stranger, a simple handshake while making eye contact is sufficient.
• When greeting someone you know or have intimate relations with, hugging may be appropriate, but is usually done in more private settings such as a person's residency.
• If meeting someone of superior ranking, a salute is more appropriate, especially in a formal setting.

Names & Titles in Sagrea

• Names are outlined as your personal (first) name, your family name, and then your "division" (last) name.
• Division names are assigned based on the region you are stationed in during conscription. Only those granted division names are recognized as legal adults. The names are derived from the nobility sponsored mercenary companies of each region. Members would adopt the company name as their last name as an identifier. Today, the tradition is continued in the state military.
• Do not refer to the Supreme Leader by name unless in distinction to other Supreme Leaders. The Supreme Leader should be referred to by official title or "Great Leader".

Body Language in Sagrea

• When engaging in conversation with someone, eye contact is considered respectful, as it shows you are directing your attention towards the other person.
• General distance between people is expected in social settings. Closer proximity should only be reserved for those you have closer relations with, such as a significant other or relative.
• You should generally maintain a neutral expression unless the circumstances call for otherwise. A person may be offended or insulted if you are smiling for seemingly no reason.
• In general, keep public displays of affection to minimal gestures. Intimacy is best shared in privacy.

Corporate Culture in Sagrea

• Work is considered a high virtue in Sagrea, and one of the most important things anyone does in their life. Anything considered off-topic during work hours is extremely insulting and inappropriate.
• During work hours, do not engage in small-talk with other people. They will find this insulting, seeing it as you not valuing or respecting their work.
• When discussing work matters, be formal and concise. Communication should be intelligible to those you work with.
• Prioritizing your personal interests over the interests of the efficiency and function of the workplace is a sure way to get yourself reassigned elsewhere.
• Jobs are assigned to people by the state based on the assessment of their abilities. For Sagreans, jobs are not done for personal pleasure, but to best improve the state for the benefit of everyone. This is normal.

Dining & Entertainment

• When eating at someone's home, do not begin eating until the one who cooked the meal begins eating.
• When eating out, the bill is split evenly. Spending much more than everyone else is considered rude unless you clarify that you will be paying a larger share.
• As general etiquette, do not talk with your mouth full or chew with your mouth open.
• It is best to avoid discussing work during meals. Sagreans try to keep their work and personal lives separate when possible.
• Do not ever tip. All establishments are government-owned, so tipping is seen as an insult to the government by believing it is inadequate.

Dress

• The majority of traditional Sagrean clothing is not worn today. The exception are the leather and fur coats worn during the cold winter. If you are given one, treat it with care.
• Do not wear your shoes in someone's residency.
• Clothing depicting anti-government messages is prohibited.
• Numerous jobs will require a provided uniform, even ones where it may not seem necessary.
• Military uniforms are owned by every person who has served. These are to be kept in pristine condition. If you see one on display, do not touch it.
• It is common to see civilian government officials wear a ceremonial military uniform, despite them not currently serving. It is uncommon to see anyone wear more than 3 medals, regardless of how many they earned. This will usually include the highest 3 medals earned.
• Wearing unearned military uniforms or awards is illegal and extremely disrespectful.

Gifts

• Salaries in Sagrea are generally similar amongst the populace, and most things are provided by the state, so money is generally only given symbolically. If money is given, only give amounts ending in 9. The number 9 is considered the "maximum amount" you can provide (since 10 starts over), so it is a sign of compassion and respect. Amounts ending in 0 should only be transferred in business settings or when you wish to begin rebuilding relations as a "clean start".
• A gift should not relate to a person's work, as this is considered insulting under the premise that the recipient is inadequate at their job.
• Clothing is actually considered one of the best gifts to give someone you know, especially durable clothing.
• If gifting alcohol, give spirits and liquor to coworkers and friends. Only give wine to family and significant others, as it is considered an intimate gift. Beer is generally not considered a good gift unless the person specifically requests it.
• Gifts may be given to repay a favor or hospitality, or for coming-of-age events.

Helpful Hints (Optional)

• Most Sagreans speak only Sagrean. Those who work in international business will likely speak English, but will prefer Sagrean in non-business settings. It is best to learn small amounts of Sagrean before arriving.
• Sagreans are usually unwilling to engage in conversation until off hours. To have good conversation, it is best to wait until the afternoon.
• If you are permitted to visit Sagrea, do not discuss faith. Religious belief is prohibited, and makes Sagreans very uncomfortable.
• Do not insist your way of life should be accommodated for. If you are unsure on how things work, Sagreans are more than happy to explain to those who ask politely.
• Do not disrespect the military, ever. Any Sagrean you talk to over 18 has served or is serving, so be respectful.
• It is not uncommon to see pictures of the first Supreme Leader in public buildings or even people's residencies.
• Always be respectful of the customs and traditions, no matter how strange they may seem to you.
• Sagreans are very prideful in their culture and country. Disrespecting either is an easy way to become socially ostracized.
• The group wellbeing is always prioritized over individual desires. Be respectful and aware of your relation to those around you.

[Vallermoore]

The People of YN

Vallermoore has three races-humans, sapient ponies, and changelings, being one of the few planets where open changelings are tolerated and offen popular with the other races.

Regional Differences (Optional)

Meeting & Greeting in YN Normally a bow or a handshake or hoof bump will suffice. Those who know each other very well exchange cheek kisses.

Names & Titles in YN

Body Language in YN

Corporate Culture in YN

Dining & Entertainment

Dress With humans, it varies-smart suits for buisness, weddings or funerals, causal clothing at other times, and swimming trunks and bathing suits at the beach or at other swimming areas. Sapient ponies and changelings are naked unless at somewhere where they need to be smart or during cold winters, but for humans, public nakedness is illegal, even at the beach.

Gifts

For a birthday or Christmas, a present such as a CD, a bowie knife, some clothes or a book is fine. If you need help in exchange for the gift, it should be some money in an envelope. Changelings love freely drained love as a gift.

Helpful Hints (Optional)

Don't slap or try to ride sapient ponies or changelings-they will either call the police or fight you-changelings almost certainly will fight you.
Changelings hate having their insectoid wings touched. In an undisguised state, those wings are fragile, and putting a hole in one needs a lot of love energy to repair it. They will try and fang you and/or drain most of your love energy to repair the damage.

(unfinished, more to come later.)

[Safiloa]

The People of YN
Safiloans can be roughly separated into the

• The Rešaga - A Persian, Austronesian, Dravidian, East African-mixed "creole"-like people that speak Sokhainean - an equally mixed language - as a first language. They are ethnically the most mixed and numerically, politically, and culturally the most dominant ethnic group within Safiloa. They almost completely adhere to the national religion of Jomaïa'ism, an offshoot of mainstream Zoroastrianism.
  
• The Meïuna - A Dravidian people that primarily inhabit the autonomous region of Maleibidulu-Samberiti. They are generally economically influential, speak Meïu - which is a Tulu-derived dialect and most Meïun adhere to Pushpambara Jainism - a another pacifist egalitarian albeit Dharmic religion, in which the itinerant monks don only flowers and leaves.
  
• The Pinonim - A Jewish people with mostly Yemeni roots that have since adopted several key concepts from Jomaïa'ism, such as vegetarianism, pacifism, and having "flexible" marriages.
• The Wodjimba - An East Bantu collection of people that mostly arrived as runaway slaves escaping the atrocities of the Trans-Indian Ocean slave trade. Though most assimilated into Rešaga culture, some have kept to their African ancestral worship practices in the rural towns and villages on the outskirts.
• The Doïan - The East Barito speaking group arrived to the islands just 200 years before the Persians arrived, but were the dominant ethnicities prior to the Persians. Most follow Jomaïa'ism, however some tribes such as the Marakoua and Valakilea continue to practice animistic faith without much influence from Jomaïa'ism.
• The Aïana - Possibly a member of the Proto-Ongan language family. They are noticeably very short-statured and stocky with dark skin and look similar to either the Pygmies in Central Africa or the "Negritos" of Malaysia and the Philippines. Known for living in treehouses.
• The Arattan - Pale-eyed short-statured light-skinned that speak a language isolate and connected to the mysterious underground civilization that left a series of tunnels and subterranean palaces on the island of Kambanu.

Regional Differences (Optional)
Rešaga are an eclectic mix with some having pale green eyes, red hair and light skin and dark Circassian-like hair, while others look very similar to East African people.

Meeting & Greeting in YN
"Trotopa toa" (lit. Peace upon you), Safiloans use it as a way to greet each other hello, or to wish each other a great morning. It's also used when they're parting ways and bidding farewell.

Names & Titles in YN
WIP
Body Language in YN
WIP
Corporate Culture in YN
WIP
Dining & Entertainment
Safiloan cuisine is characteristically plant-based with a strong focus on rice, edible algae, nuts, seeds, tubers, and mushrooms.
Dress
WIP
Gifts
WIP
Helpful Hints (Optional)

[Rhodevus]

The People of YN
The people of Rhodevus are very diverse. On top of the Rhodeven majority, who are mainly of european ancestry, there are Rhodevan natives, who do comprise of some 10-13% of the population. The remainder are African and Asian ancestry, as well as a large amount of immigrants. The proper term for people from Rhodevus is Rhodeve. Rhodevan Natives is also a proper term for the indigenous people; however, the term Rhodevan without a specifier (ie. Rhodevan people, Rhodevan native, native Rhodevan, etc.) is considered a slur.

Rhodevus people are generally considered friendly while abroad, but snippish and rude in their own country. This mainly has to due with certain Rhodeve terms and the spoken culture within the country. For one, the term 'Foreigner' is often used quite literally. As in, a person travelling to Rhodevus can and will be called a foreigner by the locals, and even first time immigrants are usually called foreigners until they inform others that they had immigrated. While this term may sound rude to those listening to their speech, it is not meant as such. Similarly, they themselves are foreigners abroad, and so call themselves as such.

Another widespread cultural tone is that of languages. Rhodevus includes 3 national languages (English, French and Laaban Dialect of Native Rhodevan), with the vast majority of citizens speaking at least 2 languages fluently. With over 60 different native languages (the top 2 most spoken are Laaban and Ghong), and many, many more internationally, it is common for conversations to switch between languages, or infuse certain words from others languages into their speech. Again, this is not out of rudeness, or to conceal their words from others, but the natural method of speech within the country.

Rhodevus enforces mandatory conscription for a minimum 18 months from the age of 18 (with the ability to have it delayed, due to other circumstances, such as schooling, medical, mental, religious, or other practices). Conscription in Rhodevus is different than other countries, as there are 2 branches: Diplomacy and Military. The military branch is the standard conscription service, which includes army, navy, air force, intelligence, engineering, and other such military suited tracks. the diplomacy branch, includes ambassadorial staff, runners, translators and other positions working in Rhodeve government, working in Rhodeve museums locally and abroad and other non-military roles to help spread Rhodeve diplomacy. With the vast majority of people having been in the armed services (the diplomacy branch is still considered service) for 1.5-2 years minimum, military structures do see themselves in local culture and etiquette, as further described below.

The country is made up of 6 provinces and 2 territories, and includes some 85.4 million people. When people say Rhodevus, they almost always refer to the mainland, which is the largest island, home to 5 provinces. The 6th provinces, is the 2nd largest island called the Imperial City of Rhode (ICR) that includes 1/3 of Rhodevus's population. The two territories are the Iles du Suréte and the Imperial Territory of the Ile du Fleurs.

Regional Differences (Optional)
With 6 provinces and 2 territories, as well as dozens of native reservations, and multiple large cities, different regions hold different cultural norms. While all people in the country are Rhodeve, some groups, especially those in the territories often refer to themselves as Fleurians, Galarians, or Suretians.

Ile du Fleurs

• The Ile du Fleurs is home to some 5.5 million people. Being so far away from the mainland, the native people of the island are known as Galarians, from the once proud kingdom of Galaria, prior to its conquest by Rhodevus in the early 1700s. While most people on the island are of Galaric descent and do prefer the use of Galarian, the immigrated inhabitants (both from Rhodevus and abroad) are Fleurian. All IdF people are Fleurian, while most are also Galarian. French is the primary language spoken on the island, followed by German.
  
  The IdF is also listed as an Imperial Territory, which in essence gives the island a great deal more autonomy than a regular territory. However, the majority of the land is still owned by the Rhodeve government, so the Imperial Territory only is true from some 30% of the land. This is a major point of strife between the federal and local governments

Iles du Suréte

• The IdS is a small island chain, home to 2.5 million people, and is the furthest territory from the Rhodeve mainland. The people of the islands are known a Suretians, and are mainly of native or European/native descent. Having people conquered by English Europeans in the 1600s, then conquered by Rhodevus in the late 1700s, to be returned to the English in the 1840s, and then placed under Rhodeve protectorate status in the mid-20th century, prior to being incorporated as an official territory in the 1950s, the people of the islands have a much more European style culture than elsewhere in the country.
  
  The most common spoken language ins an English/native creole known as Sura, which is where the island chain gets its modern name.

Meeting & Greeting in YN
It is common to be greeted in Rhodevus by any number of languages. Handshakes are commo, but so too are bows, curtsies, and military salutes. Once people are less formal with one another, then meetings and greetings are very much person-by-person, with hugs, cheek kisses, and more all common.

It is not considered rude to insensitive to huge or cheek kiss prior to a first formal introduction, but does come across as strange. A more formal introduction is preferred, with less formal greetings afterwards is generally appropriate. The only exception to this rule are those within royalty, wherein a formal greeting is all but mandatory, unless that royal explicitly allows informality.

Names & Titles in YN
Rhodevus does include titles and important naming traditions. For one, the letter 'Y' holds some negative connotations in certain native groups (including the Laaban which are the largest native population, comprising of 8% of the Rhodeve population of the 13% that are native). According to Laaban tradition, which is the most popular reason for the continuation of the tradition, a Y is called (translated to english) a 3 pronged scepter. Each prong represents a different trait: the right one represents sickness from the water spirits, the left one represents sickness from the earth spirits and the bottom one represents sickness from the sky spirits . Laaban communities which had been struck by a sickness would mark this symbol outside the community; whichever sickness was thought to have killed people in the community would get a little tick on that point. If nothing is ticked, then the community possesses them all. So, a Y in a first name is considered bad luck on that person.

Names which include Y's generally instead use I's, such as Maia (instead of Maya), Mari (instead of Mary), and Anthoni (instead of Anthony).

Native Rhodevan titles are passed down according to native traditions, while Rhodeve titles are often bestowed on the person; most of which do not pass down.

The monarch, royal heir, general of the military, and premier of the Imperial City of Rhode, are all the most well known to include titles. A bestowed title will almost always precede a person's name; so, a knighted doctor, will be Dr. Sir X. Another way is after the name. So a knighted person can be called, X of Rhodevus, which signifies them as having been knighted in Rhodevus. The only exception to this rule are royal titles, which always precede the name. A knighted heir for instance would be prince/princess X, of Rhodevus.

There are many titles, but most of them are unimportant for daily life, and do not hold much value outside of certain circles. A native title may be unimportant tot eh vast majority of people outside of their community, while a knighthood or lordship does not offer any greater sway or power in politics or abroad; all of which being purely ceremonial. Of course, there are always exceptions, with the monarch's title (King or Queen), heir's title (Prince, Princess, Prince Heir or Princess Heir) and the premier of the Imperial City of Rhode, who is granted the title of Lord.

Body Language in YN
Eye contact is considered respectful in Rhodevus, and conversations are often done face to face, or where one can see the other's eyes. While this may not always be possible (due to mental conditions are physical issues), that is still the standard used, but not truly considered a cultural faux pas.

Small movements of the body during speech is common, but large movements, less so.

Corporate Culture in YN
Corporate culture values timeliness. The etiquette is to be at least 5 minutes early to meetings or corporate events. Rhodevus has a strong right-to-disconnect laws, so it is very rare to have work forced on you after your own work hours. A thirty minute lunch break is standard in all businesses, though the time in which lunch occurs varies by company.

Dining & Entertainment
Food is traditionally a communal affair. Family-style serving is common in many restaurants. A general custom when dining in extended family settings is to allow the eldest (the familial matriarch or patriarch) to serve themselves (or be served) first. Talking during meals is allowed and an often occurrence, but it is disrespectful to talk with one's mouth full.

There are multitudes of entertainment and dining options within the country, with some of the best options located in Rhodevus's many Red Districts. Red Districts do include some 18+ locals, but everyone is welcome to attend. It is common for groups to go to red districts without any backlash or insensitivities. Attending a district does not often preclude the person to be attending the 18+ options in red districts.

Alcohol is legal at the age of 19; similar to cannabis and other light drugs. It is also legal and customary for parents to allow their children to drink alcohol at younger ages in their own homes.

Dress
In all but one province, there are no laws regarding public toplessness. This more so has to do with the province of Iylan being mainly located in the arctic. People dress quite liberally, except for in work/corporate settings, or more formal settings. Tattoos and piercings are also common, and there are no issues with people having/displaying such items.

Native Rhodevan cultural clothing are commonly seen by those of such descent/ancestry, but it is culturally insensitive for tourists, immigrants and non-natives to wear such clothes.

Gifts
Gifts are given during birthdays and other holidays. When meeting someone in a formal setting for the first time (emphasis on formal), providing a gift is generally encouraged. This can include purchasing the meal and donating money in their name. Visiting someone's house also often necessitates gift-giving, most often as food, snacks or desserts.

Helpful Hints (Optional)

• Tourists should be upfront with the languages they speak when meeting someone. This can be seen as rude to the tourists, but it staves off the Rhodeve switching between languages.
  
• Hold the door open for the person walking behind you. Regardless of the gender or sex of the individual.
  
• Say "Pardon me" or "Excuse me" if you touch someone or even get close to someone.
  
• Talking about religion, politics and cultures are a Rhodeve past-time. Don't be afraid to speak your opinion about the positives and negatives about anything.
  
• There are no rules against speaking out against the monarch or monarchy. Do so at your own convenience.
  
• Rhodevus has a very negative view of their Republic years (due to a lot of very bad history with it), so try not to bring it up in a positive sense, unless also followed by a good reason for it.
  
• Gender roles are not important. Call people how they wish to be called.

[Darussalam]

The People of YN
The demonym 'Darussalami' is generally defined as an identity that constitutes broadly common metaculture primarily distinguished through Islamicate literate, urban, mercantile-commercial lifestyle and (in the modern era) extensive symbiotic integration with cyberware implants and other such interfaces that cluster into a common network infrastructure spanning much of western Mesovalkian littoral. Beyond these definitions, the term encompasses over a billion people resident in Mesovalkia with hundreds of distinct spoken dialects, varying religious beliefs, customs, and even governing authorities. It is thus more appropriate to characterize 'Darussalami' as a term akin to 'Western', 'Eastern', 'Global Northern', or 'Judeo-Christian' - a vast civilizational continuum, not an exclusive ethnic identity, encompassing even more variety within than without.

Regional Differences
Four subcultural aggregates are typically identified within Darussalami metaculture. While they're largely not geography-based in the modern era, they're derived from past regional cultural differences, primarily between the northern, central, and southern cultures. The categories encompass the following:

• Ecumenopolitans (Medinati), descended from northern littoral cultures and peripatetic middleman communities, predominantly speaking various Kaya dialects.
• Imperials (Ashrafi), descended from central plains culture and historical poet-literati aristocracy, predominantly speaking Partawi dialects.
• Phratrics (Baradariyi), descended from southern plains jatis (castelike professional endogenous communities), predominantly speaking Partawi and Panjsindhi dialects.
• Thetes (Ajlafi), descended from recent immigrants and historic low-status communities, speaking a diverse array of languages and generally considered the most internally diverse group with non-generalizable cultural behaviors.

Meeting & Greeting in YN

• The Fushic-derived Islamic expression of "peace be upon to you" (salám-alaikum), often substituted to shorter salám, is an almost-universal Mesovalkian greeting, applied regardless of religious creed.
• It is generally expected that the person with the lower status greet the other individual first, and thus it is polite to offer your greeting first to indicate that you consider your counterpart to be of a higher status than you.
• Greeting gestures vary extremely by communities, although as a general rule they do not involve direct physical contact.
• Bowing is the most common form of greeting in Darussalami cultures. The depth, length and style of bow depends on the social context: in most casual context, it's similar to a nod, while in more formal contexts it's performed with deeper inclination. In Ecumenopolitan cultures, this straightforward bow, with hands positioned naturally, is the predominant form of greeting.
• Greeting gesture in Imperial cultures is known as adáb, which involves raising the right hand towards the face with palm inwards such that it is in front of the eyes and the finger tips are almost touching the forehead, alongside a bow.
• Greeting gestures in Phratric cultures are diverse but generally derived from a common theme: clasping palm and a bow, the namaskar.
• Greeting gestures in Thete cultures tend to be diverse, not exclusively relying on bowing, and many communities utilize more direct physical contacts.
• In other cultures, Physical contact is restricted for intimate/close relationships, and handshakes are typically used in formal circumstances, e.g. establishment of official relationship and/or contract.
• Ecumenopolitan cultures generally expect egalitarian greeting reciprocation, while most others are governed by elaborate hierarchical rules of conduct where the lower-status individual is expected to provide more reverential attitude (the dynamic's resolution typically leans conciliatory in Imperial and Phratric, adversarial in Thete cultures).

Names & Titles in YN

• The basic name unit is the given personal name (ism).
• A patronymic (nasab) is also commonly used, or less frequently a matronymic.
• Surnames are sometimes used in the form of nisba (name of ancestral geographical or community origin) or laqab (hereditary cognomen).
• The usage of given names is generally considered exclusive to people in intimate or close familial relationship, and thus often avoided through referring to the person's title, patronymic, surname, or epithet (kunya) if available.

Body Language in YN

• Most Kaya dialects generally avoid referring directly to the subject of the statement, and thus stating the subject indirectly in the form of the palm gesturing towards the person in question are frequent. Pointing in other cultures are considered rude, and pointing with an index finger is considered rude in virtually all cultures.
• Non-verbal cues in general are important in determining context: body language, posture, expression and tone of voice are important in interpreting meaning generally omitted in spoken language as a matter of courtesy. In the modern era, this is also further mediated through Noospheric environmental cues and avatars.
• Giving things with the right hand is generally considered polite.
• The thumbs-up gesture is considered as an equivalent of Western culture's middle finger, especially in more native (less recent immigrant) communities.
• While typically nodding and head-shaking have similar connotations as in most countries abroad, many Phratric communities have head bobbles that may be variously interpreted as affirmation, noncommitment, or polite rejection.
• Eye contact with strangers is frowned upon and considered offensive. Direct eye contact equates either aggression or intimate/close/casual relationship. In Phratric cultures, however, avoiding eye contact in conversation is typically considered offensive.
• Personal space is highly valued in Ecumenopolitan cultures and barging on one's personal space, absent context of personal intimacy, is extremely frowned upon. In public spaces, for example, it is expected for individuals to occupy places as far apart as possible, although in crowded places it's acceptable to bodies to cram and press together without much social interaction. Striking up a casual conversation with strangers is considered highly unusual and will provoke mild annoyance, and moments of silence are not considered unusual even in circles of friendship. The same rules apply, although to a lesser and more nuanced extent, in Imperial cultures. Barging on personal space is generally interpreted as an aggressive attempt to establish dominance in Thete cultures.
• Not striking up a casual conversation with strangers who will be around you for quite some time, on the other hand, is considered offensive in most Phratric cultures. It's generally expected to maintain a friendly and social appearance in public, even around strangers.
• Displaying intense emotions in public is frowned upon in Ecumenopolitan and Imperial cultures (outside exceptional contexts such as ecstatic religious rituals). It is generally considered socially obligatory to exaggerate public emotions in Phratric cultures.

Corporate Culture in YN

• Punctuality in a meeting arrangement is extremely essential for Ecumenopolitans and Imperials. Phratrics and Thetes typically maintain a more flexible attitude on schedule and being tightly punctual is frowned upon.
• Ecumenopolitan and Thete cultures typically maintain highly-egalitarian social attitude in organizations, with subtle hierarchical indications but nonetheless relatively open critical environment. Imperial and Phratric cultures are more strictly and explicitly hierarchical and expect more substantial courteous deference from inferiors, and input or criticisms from the latter is not always warranted.
• Imperials and Phratrics expect elaborate socialization and small talks prior to discussion of topics during a meeting. For Thetes, light socializing is expected. Ecumenopolitans typically prefer to directly discuss the main agenda straight away, and small talks beyond that are rare.
• Hospitality and courtesy are highly essential for Imperial and Phratric cultures, sometimes at the expense of the discussion's length - meetings can last for many hours.
• Referring to a person through titles is expected in a professional context.
• Bragging about one's personal achievement is considered offensive in Ecumenopolitan cultures, and also in Imperial cultures if presented from a subordinate to a superior.
• Work hours vary, but the median is around 7 hours per workday, starting from 9am and ending at 4pm. It might start earlier or later depending on regional climate.
• Nepotism is generally viewed as a virtue among Phratrics, and it's expected that an individual prioritizes their extended family even regarding corporate management and decision-making. It's extremely frowned upon by Ecumenopolitans to do so.

Dining & Entertainment

• It's important in Imperial and Phratric cultures to practice ta'arof, or ritual of courtesy - when offered something, for example, you are expected to refuse it twice, before accepting it at the third offer. Rejecting the offer or accepting it outright are considered offensive. Actual refusal necessitates indirect reluctance or avoidance.
• Ecumenopolitan and Thete cultures, meanwhile, interpret acceptance or rejection of offers literally, although many Ecumenopolitan cultures also engage in indirect refusal.
• When eating together, the bill is split on the basis of individual purchase, aside from certain exceptions (e.g. to celebrate events around a person, the person is expected to pay). Ritual ta'arof exists for this in Imperial and Phratric cultures but with above as expected outcome.
• Treating food in general is extremely rare in Ecumenopolitan cultures. Excepting events such as dinners, hosts typically do not offer food aside from lightest refreshments to their guests, and it's not considered uncommon or impolite to bill the guests for the refreshments in question.
• Such things, however, would be considered massive faux pas in Imperial and Phratric cultures that prized hospitality and consider honoring guests the primary role of the hosts. Guests are typically offered multiple servings by hosts, and it is considered impolite to refuse, or for hosts to offer light food.
• Food is a communal affair for Phratrics, and it's not uncommon for several people, even strangers, to eat from the same plate. This is considered highly unusual in Imperial, Thete, and Ecumenopolitan cultures.
• Despite the Islamic heritage, drinking alcohol is expected in many social events or even in family gatherings in most subcultures except Phratrics, although public drunkenness is heavily frowned upon. Phratrics tend to be more strictly teetotal.
• Hashish and opiates are also common but consumed in private/enclosed spaces.
• Noodles are considered the main food staple in most Ecumenopolitan cultures. For Imperials, bread is the main staple food, while rice is almost universal among Phratrics.
• Ecumenopolitan cuisine is centered around seafood and emphasizes the lighter taste of umami, with certain variations of peppered spicy food. Imperial and Phratric food are richly-spiced. Thete food preparations emphasize the natural taste of the food's materials in question, and many (especially North Lander communities) consume raw meat.
• The Noosphere is an important entertainment interface for an overwhelming majority of Darussalamis.
• Music of various genres is enjoyed by virtually all Darussalamis, but Phratrics especially highly value the ability to sing and dance, and many modern idols or qiyans in Darussalam are of Phratric cultural origin.
• Poetry and prose-writing are highly-revered in Imperial cultures, and eminent works of literature are frequently quoted, displayed in events, or used in divination rituals.
• Gambling is culturally celebrated by Ecumenopolitans and Thetes, and frowned upon by Imperials and Phratrics. It is usually mediated through Noospheric interfaces.
• Most popular sports in Darussalam are indigenous in nature, this includes many forms of bloodsports. Most Thete cultures celebrate participation in these sporting events and frequently constitute among the largest viewership, although such events are also generally popular among other Darussalamis.

Dress

• It is considered highly impolite to comment on one's dress in Ecumenopolitan and Imperial cultures, but such taboo is nonexistent in Phratric and Thete cultures.
• Ecumenopolitan cultures, however, frown upon ostentation in public physical presentation (excessive display of status or wealth, for example), and this is generally viewed as more important than policing sexualization or clothing quality.
• Various vernacular forms of clothes exist in Darussalam, many modified for casual purposes to the point that many resemble foreign techwear in appearance.
• Darussalamis typically dress "conservatively" in the manner that conceal skin and body shapes, but extreme concealment in the manner of niqabs or burqas worn by many foreign Muslims is rare.
• Ornamentation is common, especially for clothes that interweave Noospheric interfaces.
• Veiling for women in general is rare, although various headwears that still variably reveal the hair such as light scarves, hats, turbans, fascinators and others are common. Such headwears are also common among men, and most are generally considered gender-neutral.
• Historically there are clear gender norms on Darussalami fashion, although in the modern era they are increasingly porous and mostly rely on aesthetics appropriate for the individual in question. It is, for example, still heavily frowned upon for men with strongly visible masculine traits to be in feminine attire, though not so for feminine men, and so on.
• Schools are typically uniformed, with school uniforms mainly based on modern military attires.
• Nudity for humans and humanlike groups (kemono peoples, for example) is extremely frowned upon outside specific places, but also the clearest indication of the individual being outside Darussalami traditions and customs and may thus be excused from them.

Gifts

• It is common for Darussalamis to bring gifts when visiting other homes, to commemorate birthdays, graduations, weddings, and other such anniversaries
• Refusing a gift is considered extremely inappropriate. This does not apply to the aforementioned ta'arof practice, where the gift is often refused several times before finally accepted with effusive praise to the gift-giver.
• Humility from the gift-giver about the gift's content is expected. Exaggerating or boasting about it is considered inappropriate.
• Monetary gifts to children wrapped in envelopes are given in Ecumenopolitan cultures during special events, chiefly the Muslim Eids. Monetary gifts between adults is generally unusual and considered bribery.
• Ecumenopolitans open their gifts upon receiving them in front of the givers, such practice is frowned upon in Imperial and Phratric cultures.
• Gifts are received with both hands.
• The way a gift is presented is generally considered as important as the gift itself. While gifts for house visits may be simple in presentation, gifts for special events are expected to be lavishly decorated.

Helpful Hints

• Most Darussalamis are "fluent" in most Valkian foreign languages due to language implants, but speaking in their mother language typically will greatly impress them and elevate your status.
• All Darussalamis, without exception, bar some immigrant communities, generally remove their shoes before entering houses. Some houses, especially in Ecumenopolitan communities, provide indoor slippers for outsiders to wear inside.
• It might be difficult to gauge a Darussalami's stances, emotional states, and opinions, especially outside professional context, as they're generally concealed in either inscrutable silence or prosaic elaboration, and attempting to pry beyond necessity might be reacted with hostility.
• It is generally considered highly-impolite to boast about your own achievements and accomplishments in most Darussalami cultures except in most reluctant and subtle manner, for various different reasons: Ecumenopolitans view blatant display of distinctive personal arrogance as distasteful, Imperials may perceive it as a faux pas for a social inferior to boast to a superior, Phratrics may view it as source of competitive discord and envy and unnecessarily rude, Thetes may view it as aggressive attempt to establish dominance.
• Discussing politics, religious doctrines, the value of cultural practices, and other such heavy topics is extremely frowned upon.
• Most Darussalamis observe filial piety and speaking ill of parental figures (not just biological parents) is universally reviled. In certain communities the same extended to speaking ill of relatives from outsider's perspective.
• Identifying a Darussalami's broad subcultural allegiance is generally quite helpful in identifying proper social manners to observe, but Darussalamis generally will excuse manner violations from people with obvious foreign appearance (among others, marked by lack of cyberware implants).