VMK (OOC: Historical)

Posts · by **Yohannes** » Sat Apr 16, 2011 5:20 am

To : Representative of the Samozniy People's Republic Armed Forces.
From : Alice Williams. Governmental entity representative. VWK AG.
Subject : Inquiry.

Dear sir and/or madam

This letter has reached your desk for your inquiry has been received, and noted. The AY1 'Serenity' was conceptualised in conjunction with that of its associated electronics and fire control system. The VMK Bureau of Development and Research has therefore produced a main battle tank by which its utmost potential was realised through its utilisation of the Anago-Yohannesian AYTRACK AFCA and AYHK9 ADS. The AYX1 NBC protection system was designed to operate in tandem with the said electronics and battle protection systems.

Therefore altering any of the aforementioned specification would not be recommendable, even more so to manufacture an alternate system in regard to the electronics of the AY1 'Serenity'. While we recognise that such an initiative would be regarded as a full right reserved for your represented entity, however we recommend that perhaps, a presentation be made to us in regard of these 'uprated weapon systems'. As an additional note that any electronics, sensory, and systems originated from within the AY1 would be regarded as a restricted systems, and not to be altered, modified, and/or sold to any third party entities, lest any unwanted retroactive actions to be taken due to the seriousness of such an initiative.

We are nevertheless, still interested in this uprated battle system, and we would therefore request a presentation by your represented entity in regard to this would be proposed modification.

We thank you for your inquiry, and we await your reply, honoured sir and/or madam.

Cordially

Governmental entity representative

by **Samozaryadnyastan** » Sat Apr 16, 2011 7:40 am

The 'uprating' of the weapon system has only just begun, no examples have yet been built.
However, we would be happy to notify you when such increased-capability combat supplements are available and ready for production.

The absolute limits of the fire control system alterations would be recoil management, rangefinding, elevation, rotation speed, autoloader capacity, rate of fire and target acquisition - anything that directly links with the firing of the weapon, and only because increasing the barrel length will increase shot power and accuracy at short range, and performance at longer ranges.
NBC systems would be left untouched, since they don't directly link with the firing of the main weapon.

by **Democratic Koyro** » Sat Apr 16, 2011 3:56 pm

To: The Dual Imperial Monarchy of Anagonia-Yohannes
From: Chang Vu Shek, Chairman of the Central Military Commission of The United Koyroan People's Democratic Republic
Encyption: MAJESTIC ROMEO 14
Subject: Imperial Land Defence Systems

On Behalf of the United Koyroan People's Democratic Republic, The Central Military Commission, Our Great and Glorious Leader and the People of Koyro, we would like to express intrest in the AY1 'Serenity' Main Battle Tank, The Central Military Commission is currently looking for an Armoured Vehicle to replace its current Main Battle Tank. If you are agreeable, the People's Republic would like to purchase 4 of these vehicles for the Koyroan People's Liberation Army, Research and Development Directorate to undergo Military Testing.

Sincerly, Chairman Chang Vu Shek, Central Military Commission

Posts · by **Yohannes** » Sat Apr 16, 2011 4:06 pm

AY1-H1 Armoured Howitzer

AY1-H1 SPG - 10th Support Artillery Company

Basic information
- Crew : 3 (commander, driver, and gunner)
- Role (within the Anago-Yohannesian Army) : Armoured Howitzer (indirect support)
- Place of origin : Anagonia-Yohannes
Dimensions
- Length : (including muzzle extending forward) 11.3m
- Height (maximum) : 3.09m (including roof of the tank's turret)
- Width (maximum) : 4.4m
- Weight : 82.9 tonnes. Ground clearance of 50 cm
Performance
- Maximum (Governed) Speed : 78 kph
- Cross Country Speed : 57 kmph
- Speed, 10% Slope : 22 kph
- Speed, 60% slope : 15 kph
- Acceleration (0 to 32 km/h (20 mil/h) : 5 seconds
- Range : 509 km
- Operational Cruising Range : 434 km
Manoeuvrability
- Trench Crossing : 238.6 cm
- Vertical Obstacle : 77.3 cm
- Fording without Preparation : 94.5 cm
- Fording with Preparation : 157.6 cm
- Deep Fording : Not capable of
- Hydropneumatic Suspension System
Armament
- Primary : AY3M 160mm 52 calibre smoothbore
- Secondary : 7.62 mm AY02-MG (5,000 rounds) and/or 12.7 mm AY18-MG (600 rounds), 2x2 Fragmentation Grenade Launchers
Power
- Engine : 1500 kW (2011HP) Forza Flat-Boxer-12 cylinders, Turbocharger, Supercharger, Diesel Cylinder Boxer Twincharged (Supercharger + Twin Turbocharger)
- Fuel consumption: 2.4L/km
- Transmission : Forza 8GDCT Automated Double Clutch Transmission, (8 forward 4 reverse)
- Power-to-Weight Ratio : 24.26 HP/ton
Armour and Protection
- Armour : Lamonian Adversus Tank Armour
- Protection : AY09 AFEDSS, AYHK9 ADS, and AY109 NBC/CBRN (NBCS) System of Protection
Export
- Price (per unit cost) : US$7,300,000.00 (seven million and three hundred thousand universal standard dollar)
- Domestic Production Right: US$30,000,000,000.00 (thirty billion universal standard dollars)

History

The AY1-H1 SPG (self-propelled gun) is an Anago-Yohannesian self-propelled gun adapted from, and based on the chassis of that of the AY1 'Serenity'. It was conceptualised in 2003 following the conclusion, visibility of realisation, and sure-finality of the AY1 Serenity main battle research project, and its development was to fill a flexible role as the Kaiserlichen und Königlichen Streitkräfte's mean of a domestically manufactured Anago-Yohannesian primary assault gun, formational offensive support, and operational mobile artillery unit.

Armaments

The AY1-H1 is fitted with an AY3M 160mm/L52 gun, which was developed by the VMK AG as an enlarged self-propelled howitzer functional main gun role adapted from the AY1 Serenity's AY1M 140mm/L48 smoothbore gun. It is also equipped with an ammunition informational management system, together with an Anago-Yohannesian AY1M 160mm-compatible automatic loading system with the ability to initiate MRSI (multiple round simultaneus impact) firing.

Traditionally building on the apparent success of the previously released AY1's 140mm automatic loading system, the VNK Bureau of Design Committee was awarded with henceforward when the apparent development of the AY1-H1 would be a sure finality, the governmental contract by the Anago-Yohannesian Imperial and Royal Ministry of Defence to develop and implement the realisation of an Anago-Yohannesian self-propelled howitzer-purposed 160mm automatic loading system, to be applied towards the forthcoming main self-propelled gun design as so, which was accomplished in 2008 by the VNK Bureau of Design Committee to the Imperial and Royal Ministry of Defence for evaluation, and subsequently was deemed essentially clear and confirmed.

The structurally-based and AY1-H1 layout adapted 160mm automatic loader is capable of handling and firing up to three burst fire rounds in thirty seconds and approximately three of the AY3M's 160mm rounds per minute, and it then can be replenished externally through the rear. As an addition, the AY3M's supporting burst diaphragm ensure that when an ignition of the ammunition as a result of a direct penetration towards the AY3M autoloader and magazine happens, the forthcoming centre pressure of the aforementioned blast would be vented upwards, consequently altering it away from the AY1-H1's crew compartment.

The AY3M gun is capable of throttling and exerting its 160x1000mm rounds to over 30km in range, with an extended projectile reach of over 40km. Furthermore the AY3M is capable of handling a range of essential ammunition rounds type in the ever growing scope of modern technological advancement, high explosive shells, infrared illumination rounds, multispectral smoke projectiles, being some example of rounds within its projectile range, and its 34 AY3M 160x1000mm rounds are stored within an internally-constructed magazine.

The AY3M features a rigid fibre glass thermal sleeve blanket around its barrel to protect the gun thermally from on-and-off battlefield indirect combat and environmental conditions. Developed by the VMK AG Bureau of Development and Research during the late developmental phase of the AY1M gun, it utilises the then discovery of a ring-shaped gap found between the AY3M's barrel and that of the sleeve, and consists of sandwiched honeycomb layers of materials in-between that of the stiff and unyielding inner and outer envelopment, and is supported by the adaptable AYTRACK combat system.

The Anago-Yohannesian AYTRACK battle system was developed by the VNK Bureau of Design Committee to provide the previously released AY1 Serenity Main Battle Tank with a sufficient networking and direct battle system, and was alternatively adapted and integrated into that of an informational battle network for the AY1-H1 mobile howitzer. As a result of the integration, the AH1-H1 adapted AYTRACK system's capability to engage mobile target on the move was terminated.

AYTRACK is fitted with a compensatory automatic drift device to operationally collect the immediate battleground information within the scope of its sensory system tactical reach. The AYTRACK field of view consists of a kinetic energy stadiametric ranging scale, fragmentary high explosive, and chemical energy ammunition, designated as an effective secondary range finding method in case of an unexpected emergency. The system unable the gunner to accurately and smoothly track and verified the targetted area within its scope of operational range.

The AYTRACK fire control system includes a gunner's operated thermal imaging sight as well as a commander's active control and monitor panel, allowing both of the commander and gunner to retroactively detect, engage, and verified targetted area at long range, with a high rate of accuracy, and under some of the most unfavourable weather conditions within the battlefied and tactical scope of operation. An AYTRACK sub-system commander-operated anti-aircraft sight allows the commander of the AY1 to subsequently engage air targets by utilising its associated AY1's AY02-MG.

Utilising the latest AYD0B active ballistic computer, the system features the ability to automatically verified angular crosswind and target speed input, course angle, and target range. The flexibility of the AYD0B active computer system enable the AY1's personnel to manually utilise the system's ability to track the associated ambient air temperature and barrel wear air pressure, and the ability to calculate with accuracy the neccesary time that high-explosive, fragmentary projectile controlled detonation should be initiated over an identified and verified target.

The AYD0B computerised system detected multiple ballistic ammunition and projectile types, and its categorised informational input includes the verified target's drift signals, flight time, and superelevation. AYD0B computer system operates by utilising a large collection of several sub-channels which transmits the collected operational data over several wires simultaneously, together in conjunction with the use of an adjustable first operational amplifier which indicate with precision the information and range of the verified target.

The secondary armaments of the AY1-H1 is the AY02-MG, an Anago-Yohannesian automatic, air-cooled, and belt-fed short recoil general purpose machine gun chambered for the Anago-Yohannesian 7.62x51mm (5,000 rounds) formerly found in the AY1 Serenity MBT and later adapted during the developmental phase of the AY1-H1 self-propelled howitzer, and four smoke-capabled, fragmentary firing grenade launchers with a capability to engage opposing infantries and support personnel within the vicinity of the AY1-H1.

Protection

The AY1-H1 utilise the AYHK9 Active Protection System, which was developed during the developmental phase of the AY1 Serenity Main Battle Tank, and was later adapted to be used by the AY1-H1 self-propelled howitzer. The establishment of the said protocol was done only however, through numerous successful and favourably effective demonstrations, consequentially in the AYHK9 ADS's capability to neutralise anti-tank guided missiles and rockets, its corresponding acceptable low rate and high safety levels regarding friendly casualty chance and low percentage, and minimal collateral damage, with that of an acceptable rate of residual penetration.

The AYHK9 ADS defeats and intercepted incoming threats by utilising a hemispheric barrier zone around the corresponding armoured vehicle. The crucial elements within the AYHK9 active protection system are the ability of the AYHK9 ADS to detect and track incoming threat by utilising an internal softkill emitter sensor which will then be automatically processed into the AYHK9 computer system, and its ability to countermeasure and effectively intercept the said threat.

Several sensors needed for the corresponding full hemispherical coverage, for example a collection of flat panel radars which is subsequently placed at strategic locations around the armoured vehicle, are included within the AYHK9's detection and tracking subsystem. Once an incoming threat is detected, identified, and verified, the AYHK9 ADS countermeasure sub-system and device will then be activated and positioned accordingly so as to effectively intercept the verified threat, and the vehicle's designated commander will then be able to activate a systematic button which automatically compute the origination of the threat's direction, and alter the position of the tank's turret towards its direction. It will then be launched automatically into the aforementioned intercepted threat in the form of a ballistic trajectory, so as to provide an adequately long distance of threat interception, within a computerised timeframe of approximately four seconds.

Due to the broad hemispherical coverage of its internally built laser threat identifier aforementioned above, the AYHK9 ADS is capable of providing a full three hundred and sixty degree active protection scope of operation to its corresponding armoured fighting vehicle, with its targetted range of projectile within its sensory system to include those of anti-tank guided missiles and grenades, and almost any known and visible target within approximately one hundred metres' surrounding of its corresponding armoured fighting vehicle scope of operation. In regard to the possibility of a newly emerging projectile incoming target to be identified by the soft-kill emittor sensor, the hard-kill computerised system will then identify and verify the input of the new incoming projectile at a distance of approximately 2 metres from the system's corresponding armoured fighting vehicle, so as to minimise any unwanted trajectory friendly-fire casualties, all within a reactionary timeframe of just two seconds in-between the old, and the new targetted projectile threat.

An Anago-Yohannesian X1A-AY GPS (global positioning system) system of navigation is being utilised to calculate and determinem the AY3M's barrel position, and by using the latest state-of-the-art light modulating LCD (liquid crystal display) screen, the X1A-AY is able to give the AY1's three crews the ability to observe the self-propelled gun's immediate surrounding operational condition, and map. Vehicular radio data furthermore link the AY1 to its immediate fire control command which allow the AY1 to begin operation upon independent fire-strike missions rapidly once the system has delivered the collected position data, and to reduce the chance of friendly formational casualties by utilising an Anago-Yohannesian X10-A BCIS (battlefield combat identification system).

The AY1-H1 also utilises the AY09 Automatic Fire and Explosion Detection and Suppression System (AY09 AFEDSS), a fully automatic combat operational detection, control, and suppression system, instantaneous and flexibly adjustable to that of a normal and combat mode setting.

The primary reason behind the AY09 AFEDSS's development by the VMK Bureau of Design Committee was solely based by virtue upon the AY09's potency to provide a projectile penetration combat protection to AY1-H1's three crews and engine on the battlefied by instantly discharging and suppressing fire and/or explosions, detects rise and fall of temperatures within the engine compartment by utilising an overheat wire detector, systematicaly detect and verified a first-degree pressure shock-capabled explosion and/or fire within 3.5 ms and suppress it within 110 ms, by utilising its optical fire detection and protection system against HEAT and/or KE (kinetic energy) round penetration, and an operational dual mode automatic status indicator which systematically provide a backing capability in the event of a major malfunctioning of the system.

Furthermore, the AY1-H1 features a central air cooled crew compartment system and a liquid heater based on the engine to accomodate the crew compartment with heating during any possible operations conducted within the period of winter season, which additionally reduce the AY1-H1's engine heat signature based system. An NBC protected water tank sub-system is also connected to the liquid heater, which can be used for the AY1-H1 three crew's neccessary personal use of cold and/or hot waters in time of need.

The presence of an easily-accessible small armaments storage within is designated towards the respective crew members' defensive need on the likelihood of any unfavourable scenarios, and a higher rate of survivability was reached by significantly reducing vehicular exposure and pressure shock with the application of an AYX47-B1 fibreoptic connections towards the AY1-H1's electronics.

Propulsion and transmission

The primary propulsion system of the AY1-H1 self-propelled howitzer is the Forza FB-12TSD, a twelve cylinder water-cooled powerplant, capable of a variety of different fuels and being boosted by a forced induction mechanism, which was moved to the front section of the AY1-H1 to accomodate for the change in role and to maintain mobility and the established armour precedents of the AY1 Serenity into that of the AY1-H1, with that of the driver's section altered to the right side of the newly allocated front engine alterational setting.

At first, a six cylinder engine was considered as the powerplant, although this was discarded in favour of the twelve cylinder by Forza engineers. Twelve cylinder engines are reknowned for their superb mechanical balance, something which a six cylinder will not acquire without any counterweights, and their relative symmetry. Another factor was reliability; should a piston fail and be lost in a six cylinder engine, one sixth of the engines power is lost which would make a sizable difference and detraction from performance. If a cylinder fails in a twelve cylinder engine, only one twelth of power lost which is a far lesser detraction from mobility.

The pistons are arranged in a boxer layout. A flat layout is near identical in appearence and theory to a boxer engine; there is still a 180 degree angle between the two seperate banks of pistons, however a boxer engine mounts two opposing pistons on two different crank pins as opposed to a flat engine which mounts two pistons on the same crank pin. Thus, a flat layout is best described as a 180 degree V engine and not a true boxer engine. Boxer engines are reknown for having superb balance and are unique in that a boxer engine does not require counter balances at all on the crank shaft as the engine has superb natural balance. This is further enhanced by the use of twelve cylinders. Boxers are so named because when one looks at the engine from down the crankshaft, the two banks of cylinders will appear to be boxing one another.

The induction system is a variant of Forza's TwinCharger system; a single Roots-type Superchager is used to aspirate the engine at low RPM's with two Turbochargers, one for each bank of cylinders, aspirating the engine further down the rev-range. TwinCharging systems have a number of advantages over other forms of forced induction. Unlike Turbocharged engines, Twincharged engines do not experience turbo-lag, where the turbochargers are ineffective because they are not at operating speeds.

Unlike supercharged engines, Twincharged engines can decouple the supercharger from the engine so that it won't drain power to operate while still maintaining boost from the turbochargers. The two forms of forced induction do not operate in parallel in a bid to avoid the extremely high manifold temperatures which would be produced by the supercharger blowing into the turbocharger. As such, the supercharger is decoupled as soon as the turbocharger activates on the FB-12TSD. The TwinCharger system allows the AY1-H1 self-propelled howitzer to acquire constant boost and thus give exceptional acceleration at all engine speeds; something crucial for a battlefield environment.

The engine block itself is made from aluminium alloy, comprised of 11% silicon, 4% manganese and 0.5% magnesium. This Al-Alloy has a high thermal conductivity and hence is able to dissipate heat quicker than cast iron. Also, it leads more thermal efficiency, cooler running engines and are lighter thereby improving the overall vehicle’s operative characteristics.

All up, the engine has a total displacement of 32,240 cubic centimetres or 32.24 Litres, which equates to 2.687 Litres per cylinder, and a total power output of 1500 kilowatts, which equates to a specific output of nearly 47kw per litre.

In addition to the primary powerplant, a secondary Auxiliary Power Unit is also provided. This APU is a four litre Inline four multi-fuel engine which provides 100kw of power. The APU can be used to slowly move the tank out of danger and power any high-priority electric systems should the primary powerplant fail, but is also used to provide power to move the main turret, reducing some of the strain on the primary powerplant.

Exhaust fumes and gases are passed out the rear of the tank, through a double muffler and particle filter. Exhaust gases are diluted with outside air to reduce their heat signature. This is done by sucking air through a small inlet flush against the tank and mixing the cool outside air with the exhaust gases. Exhausted and outside air meet in a special Y tube, with a radiator being mounted on the stem of the Y, sucking air from both stems through to the exhaust.

Sound-deadening engine covers are also fitted to the engine to reduce the noise both inside and outside the cabin. Forza engineers are normally ardent at reducing the NVH of large luxury cars but found the same basic principles applied to armoured vehicles. Double-insulated sound covers are placed in a box to cover the engine, which is itself mounted on springs to quell vibrations. The top of this box can be easily removed to lift the whole engine out.

The transmission in the AY1-H1 is a specialized gearbox. The Transmission, dubbed the 8GDCT, has eight forward gears and four reverse gears in a double clutch system. In Double Clutch Transmissions the two clutches are arranged concentrically with the larger outer clutch drives the odd numbered gears (1,3,5,7) whilst the smaller inner clutch drives the even numbered gears (2,4,6,8).

Shifts can be accomplished without interrupting torque distribution to the driveshaft, by applying the engine's torque to one clutch at the same time as it is being disconnected from the other clutch. Since alternate gear ratios can pre-select an odd gear on one gear shaft whilst the vehicle is being driven in an even gear. This means the Double Clutch Gearbox can change gears much faster than any single clutch transmission and much more smoothly. The transmission is also responsible for splitting some of the engine power from the demand for mobility to power the multitude of electronics that make up the AY1-H1.

The transmission shifts gears automatically and is programmed to keep the tank in the optimum gear for the conditions being experienced, and is placed on the utmost front of the vehicle. When the automatic gears are matched with the wide torque band, it gives the AY1-H1 unparalleled mobility at any given engine speed. The 8GDCT also has an overtorque function which liberates an extra 400nm from the engine, which allows the AY1-H1 to act as a tug, pulling or pushing other vehicles (including other armoured vehicles) out of dangerous situations.

Armour

Adversus is the latest in the LAIX ARMS line-up of armour solutions for tanks, originating from the Free Republic of Lamoni. During the AY1 Serenity's development programme, the Anago-Yohannesian Imperial and Royal Ministry of Defence has decided, per offer by that of the Lamonian Free Republic, to incorporate the Adversus battle armoured system towards the AY1 'Serenity' main battle tank, and thus the Adversus armour and layout of the original standard main battle variant AY1 has been kept unmodified and unchanged for the AY1-H1 self-propelled gun variant of the AY1 series.

During the course of the development of the Adversus Tank Armour which would be used on the A2 and AY1, different armour concepts came up that could be used for future projects (i.e., Cross-wise oriented NERA panels).

Exote
Aermet 100
Resilin
Aermet 100
Composite Sandwich Panel
Aermet 100
Resilin
Aermet 100
Composite Sandwich Panel
Aermet 100
Ti-6Al-4V
U-3Ti alloy DU mesh
Ti-6Al-4V
SiC encased in Ti-6Al-4V
Ti-6Al-4V
Chassis
Anti-spall

Adversus starts with Exote, which is rated as being effective against small arms armour piercing rounds (including 15 mm armour piercing rounds). The Exote layer is expected to deal with small arms fire and shrapnel from enemy weapons fire. Exote is Titanium Carbide ceramic particles in a metallic matrix. In this case, the metallic matrix is RHA, making it ductile, which greatly improves its multi-hit capabilities while preserving typical ceramic terminal ballistic properties -- high hardness and ablation. Because the ceramic has been suspended in matrix form instead of sintered together, it is cheaper than ceramic tile armor arrays, while providing calculated protection levels equivalent to a 1.77x thickness efficiency, and 2.25x mass efficiency, compared to RHA alone. This process means that Exote is classified as a Metal Matrix Composite, or MMC. Exote-Armour was invented and first manufactured by Exote Ltd., a Finnish corporation.

Upon impact by an armour-piercing round, Exote’s Titanium Carbide particles wear down the round via ablation, until the round is effectively turned into dust. Exote also spreads out the energy of the round, and distributes it over a larger area, thus fully neutralizing impact. The damage area is only 20-30% larger than the caliber of the hit, and the rest of the plate will still remain protective. This makes Exote a multi-hit armour, which provides excellent protection from small arms, with a lighter weight than RHA alone. The Exote is also used to contain the rest of the armour package.

Lamonian innovations in the form of extruded para-organic resilin are also used. Resilin is an elastomeric fibrous compound found within the musculature of insects. To quote Dr Chris Elvin of Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation;

“Resilin has evolved over hundreds of millions of years in insects into the most efficient elastic protein known...”

Resilin shown under UV at 360nm

Using genetically modified E.Coli bacteria, the CSIRO team was able to synthetically generate a soluble Resilin protein, based upon the cloning and expression of the first exon of the Drosophila CG15920 gene. By means of a CSIRO-patented process, the resulting resilin rubber was shown to have structurally near-perfect resilience, with a 97 percent post-stress recovery. The next-nearest competitors are synthetic polybutadiene ‘superball’ high resilience rubber (80 per cent) and elastin (90 per cent). The cross-linking process itself is remarkably simple. It needs only three components - the protein, generally lactose, or a near analog, a metal ligand complex, ruthenium in this case, and an electron acceptor. The mixture is then flashed with visible light of 452 nanometers wavelength to form the polymer - within 20 seconds, the proteins will be cross-linked into a matrix with remarkable tensile strength.

Like it's Acerbitas (and Acerbitas-B) cousin, the Resilin used in Adversus is intended, as with NERA generally, to warp, bend or bulge the Aermet 100 plates upon impact. As the plates move, bullets are subjected to transverse and shear forces, diminishing their penetration, and shaped-charge weapons find their plasma jets unable to readily focus on a single area of armor. In the case of segmented projectiles, the transverse forces are less pronounced, compared to unitary variants, but the movement of the plate essentially forces the projectile to penetrate twice, again lowering total impact upon the platform protected.

The Resilin components are layered with Aermet 100 plates. The Aermet plates are angled, as penetrators striking angled plates will bend into the direction the plate is facing. This action on the part of the penetrator serves to significantly reduce the impact of the penetrator itself, as the penetrator expends energy on this bending motion, instead of being allowed to focus all of its kinetic energy on a single spot on the armour.

Aermet 100 alloy features high hardness and strength, coupled with high ductility. Aermet 100 alloy is used for applications requiring high strength, high fracture toughness, high resistance to stress corrosion cracking, and fatigue. Aermet 100 is more difficult to machine than other steels; Aermet being specially graded martensitic steel, and requires the use of carbide tools.

Composite Sandwich Panels are used both to increase the structural integrity of the armour, as well as to catch fragments that are created by enemy fire. The outside of the panels are composed of one centimeter thick plates of Aermet 100 alloy. One such plate is placed on either side of the panel. The interior of each panel consists of a three centimeter thick honeycomb of hexagonal celled, thickness oriented Aermet 100, where each cell of the honeycomb measures six millimeters across. Each hexagonal cell is filled with a mix of sintered Titanium Diboride (TiB2) ceramic tiles, and vinylester resin. This adds additional ceramic protection to the armor.

Ti-6Al-4V is a very popular alloy of Titanium. Designed for high tensile strength applications in the 1000 MPa range, the alloy has previously been used for aerospace, marine, power generation and offshore industries applications. Ti-6Al-4V offers all-round performance for a variety of weight reduction applications. It is used to sandwich the Depleted Uranium mesh, encase the SiC ceramic, and as the majority of the armor after that.

As chemically pure Depleted Uranium is very brittle, and is not as strong as alloys, U-3Ti alloy is used for the DU mesh. This alloy has a density of 18.6 grams per cubic centimeter. The alloy displays higher strength, and less brittleness than chemically pure Depleted Uranium.

Silicon Carbide encased in Ti-6Al-4V comes after this, with the Titanium alloy being used to encapsulate the SiC ceramic, as well as assist in hydrostatic prestressing, which is known to extend interface defeat. The SiC is isostatically pressed into the heated matrix; which more securely binds the ceramic into place.

Interface Defeat is a phenomenon observed when a hypervelocity penetrator strikes a sufficiently hard ceramic. The penetrator flattens its nose against the ceramic without penetrating into the ceramic for up to several microseconds, with penetrator material flowing laterally across the face of the ceramic until the ceramic starts to crack. As soon as cracks form, the lateral flow stops and penetration resumes. This effect is also called "dwell" in some publications. Silicon Carbide is excellent for producing this effect.

More Ti-6Al-4V is used as the bulk of the armor after the encased SiC, which has a superior mass efficiency relative to RHA, while its thickness efficiency is a bit lower (about 0.9:1).

The chassis is located behind this, with Dyneema being used as a spall liner. In Anago-Yohannesian main battle tanks, the chassis would likely consist of RHA, to replicate that of the Lamonian main battle tanks.

Most of the armour is concentrated on the frontal arc, with the sides also being covered, but to a lesser degree. The rear of the tank (like all tanks) is protected by RHA. Where logically applicable, the Anago-Yohannesian monarchy followed the Lyran designed Hauberk ERA in order to increase the protection levels of the tank. This includes use of Hauberk on the tank’s roof, which helps to protect the AY1 against top attack munitions.

'Hauberk' shaped-charged explosive reactive armor is fitted as standard (though can be removed), designed to destroy (or at the very least severely degrade) hostile munitions, be they HE-based or kinetic penetrators. 'Hauberk' is also available from yet another ally of the Anago-Yohannesian Empire, the Lyran Protectorate, at no extra cost, and has been designed specifically to take advantage of research into explosive reactive armor carried out at the Lughenti Testing Range, of which the Anago-Yohannesian government has noted most thankfully.

Owing considerably to its 'Rainmaker' ancestor, 'Hauberk' differs from 'Rainmaker' in two ways. The first change is a shift in the formation of the explosively formed penetrators of the defensive system, from directly opposing the projectile (firing along the same axis as the most likely threat at any given armor location) to a slanted system, angling (approximately) 45degrees up. The new system not only leaves 'Hauberk' considerably more compact, but dramatically improves its effectiveness against kinetic munitions of all forms.

The 'Hauberk' HERA system is composed of “bricks” making each “brick” easily replaceable once used and allowing the system to be fitted to AFVs already in service. The “bricks” are lightweight (at around 3kg) and this allows them to be positioned on as many areas of the tank as needs require.

An Aermet 100 Mine Protection Plate has been incorporated onto the underside of the AY1, which offers protection from mines, and IEDs. This protection is in addition to the crew seating, and other protection measures. The turret front and sides are fitted with wedge-shaped add-on armor in sections, which can easily be replaced by field workshops if hit or, at a later stage, be replaced by more advanced armour. Aermet 100 alloy provides the outer casing, with a layer of Resilin to work against CE threats. U-3Ti alloy DU spheres encased in an Aermet 100 matrix cause KE rounds to yaw, reducing their penetration. The “wedge” armour is backed by more Aermet 100 alloy plating.

Export

Price per unit of the AY1-H1 self-propelled gun is US$5,700,000.00 (seven million and three hundred thousand universal standard dollar).
Domestic manufacturing license is US$30,000,000,000.00 (thirty billion universal standard dollars)

Posts · by **Yohannes** » Sat Apr 16, 2011 4:44 pm

To : Representative of the Samozniy People's Republic Armed Forces.
From : Alice Williams. Governmental entity representative. VWK AG.
Subject : Inquiry.

Dear sir and/or madam

This letter has reached your desk for your communication has been received, and noted. Regarding the modification of the aforementioned firing system factors - ecoil management, rangefinding, elevation, rotation speed, autoloader capacity, rate of fire and target acquisition; we would be interested to discover the methods and exact details in how will the implementation in which these factors will be realistically increased within the present limit of the AY1 MBT.

Such a modification was discovered to be not so subtly complex during the VMK AG's developmental and research bureau's own experience, and we would like to inquire upon the method in which these modifications will be implemented, including the exact details of the capabilities involved.

We thank you for your inquiry, and we await your reply, honoured sir and/or madam.

Cordially

Governmental entity representative

Posts · by **Yohannes** » Sun Apr 17, 2011 2:48 am

To : Chairman Chang Vu Shek. Central Military Commission.
From : Alice Williams. Governmental entity representative. VWK AG.
Subject : Acquisition of AY1 'Serenity' MBT.

Dear Chang Vu Shek

This letter has reached your desk for your order upon the acquisition of four AY1 Serenity main battle tank has been accepted. The total cost of the aforementioned battle system order is US$55,200,000.00 (fifty five million and two hundred thousand universal standard dollar).

Protocol of the VMK AG has stated that while any future modification made by your represented entity, once the battle system has been granted and payment wired, would be categorically regarded as that of your represented entity's full right(s).

As to be noted however, that VMK AG will not and shall not accept any blame and/or responsibility for any possibility of performance and technical problems associated with any modification made by your represented entity upon the aforementioned order of four AY1s.

The said addition of battle system order shall be concluded by approximately three days' time, to be delivered safely and in-full by the associated Anago-Yohannesian K.u.K.Kriegsmarine Oceanic Maritime Trading Co., to the designated major port within the United People's Democratic Republic of Koyro.

We gratefully thank you for your interest, and we hope that the aforementioned battle system order will be met with satisfaction by your represented entity.

Cordially

Governmental entity representative

by **The Philippiniada** » Sun Apr 17, 2011 5:08 am

The Empire of the Philippiniada
Imperial Ministry of National Defense
Maniylad, Philippiniada

To: Ms. Alice Williams, Governmental Entity Representative. VWK-AG
From: Jonathan Taniada, Imperial Minister of National Defense

Greetings.

The Empire is currently looking for Main Battle Tanks that are worthy enough to have a spot in our Military, though we have seen many. Generals and Commanders of our Imperial Army were impressed by 'AV1 Serenity Main Battle Tank' specifications. And deemed extremely helpful in future military engagements if there were such. In light of that advise from them. The President authorized the Ministry of National Defense to order a 250 units of the 'AV1 Serenity Main Battle Tank' amounting to US$3,450 billion.

Also, the Empire also is interested in acquiring rights to reproduce more of Serenity Battle Tanks strictly not for sale, but for the use of the Imperial Armed Forces. Is it possible for us to have those rights and if it is, will it cost us?

Thank you and money will be wired as soon as the confirmation of our order

Have a pleasant day.

[[SIGNED]]
Jonathan Taniada
Imperial Minister
Ministry of National Defense

[NOTED]]
Darren Anselmo
President
The Empire of the Philippiniada

Posts · by **Yohannes** » Sun Apr 17, 2011 6:28 pm

To : Jonathan Taniada. Imperial Minister of National Defence.
From : Alice Williams. Governmental entity representative. VWK AG.
Subject : Acquisition of AY1 'Serenity' MBT.

Dear Jonathan Taniada

This letter has reached your desk for your order upon the acquisition of two hundred and fifty AY1 Serenity main battle tank has been accepted. The total cost of the aforementioned battle system order is US$3,450,000,000.00 (three billion and four hundred fifty million universal standard dollar).

Protocol of the VMK AG has stated that while any future modification made by your represented entity, once the battle system has been granted and payment wired, would be categorically regarded as that of your represented entity's full right(s).

As to be noted however, that VMK AG will not and shall not accept any blame and/or responsibility for any possibility of performance and technical problems associated with any modification made by your represented entity upon the aforementioned order of two hundred and fifty AY1s.

The said addition of battle system order shall be concluded by approximately four days' time, to be delivered safely and in-full by the associated Anago-Yohannesian K.u.K.Kriegsmarine Oceanic Maritime Trading Co., to the designated major port within the Empire of Philippiniada.

Furthermore, your inquiry has been received, and noted. Whilst we have restricted the domestic manufacturing license establishment upon the AY1 'Serenity' due to its power projectile lethality and battle system capabilities, however we believe that in regard to your request, the licensing of the domestic manufacturing right, to be used strictly only by your represented entity and not to be sold and/or distributed in any possible method externally, upon the AY1 MBT has been accepted.

As a final note, we would like to suggest the recent exporting establishment of the AY1-H1 self-propelled artillery gun and howitzer. We believe that such a combination will surely assist towards the establishment of a firepower strength upon the Imperial Philippiniada's armed forces.

We gratefully thank you for your interest, and we hope that the aforementioned battle system order will be met with satisfaction by your represented entity. We await your reply honourable grace.

Cordially

Governmental entity representative

by **Blackhelm Confederacy** » Sun Apr 17, 2011 6:42 pm

To: Imperial Land Defense Systems Representative
From: Confederate Department of Defense
Subject: AY1-H1 Self-Propelled Artillery Gun

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The Confederate DoD has recently taken notice of your newest product, the AY1-H1 Self-Propelled Artillery Gun, and have become quite interested. We would like to form some kind of deal to acquire these pieces, as our current stock of artillery is growing rather old and is at this point bordering on the obsolete. If there is some kind of a deal we can create to acquire DPR's or a permanent guarantee of vehicles, this would be a most appreciated situation.

Sincerely,

Marcus Blueshield

Posts · by **Yohannes** » Sun Apr 17, 2011 7:02 pm

To : Marcus Blueshield. Confederate Department of Defense.
From : Alice Williams. Governmental entity representative. VWK AG.
Subject : Inquiry.

Dear Marcus Blueshield

This letter has reached your desk for your inquiry has been received, and noted. During the current criteria, VMK AG do believe that the Blackhelm Confederate Department of Defence would be eligible to acquire the licensing upon the domestic manufacturing right of the AY1-H1 self-propelled artillery gun.

This is due to the simple fact that whilst the current ruling government has nothing but that of disdain and disapproval towards the Blackhelm Confederacy's internal crisis and constant external interventionist tactics, however various influential Anago-Yohannesian businessmen and women within the empire has for such a long time invested upon the development of the Confederacy's multiple business interest internationally, Griffincrest being just one of the aforementioned business interest, and therefore VMK AG will have no other alternative but to allow the licensing of the aforementioned battle system within the Blackhelm Confederation.

And therefore, your order upon the acquisition of the domestic production license of the standard AY1-H1 variant has been accepted. The total cost of the aforementioned battle system order is US$43,000,000,000.00 (fourty three billion universal standard dollar), and the fund is to be wired electronically toward the VMK AG's account at the Yohannesische Bundesbank, or other alternative of banking institutions of your represented entity's own choosing.

Protocol of the VMK AG has stated that while any future modification made by your represented entity, once the battle system domestic manufacturing license has been granted and payment wired, would be categorically regarded as that of your represented entity's full right(s).

As to be noted however, that VMK AG will not and shall not accept any blame and/or responsibility for any possibility of performance and technical problems associated with any modification made by your represented entity.

VWK AG's pre-selected specialised personnel shall assist the Blackhelm Confederate Department of Defence regarding the deliverance of the essential information and materials needed upon the standard AY1-H1 export-variant manufacturing establishment domestically within the national sovereignty of the Confederacy, to be strictly distributed only within the Blackhelm State, and not to be sold internationally by any associated manufacturing entity within Blackhelm territorial sovereignty.

We gratefully thank you for your patronage, and we hope that the aforementioned battle system will be met with satisfaction by your represented entity.

Cordially

Governmental entity representative

by **San Pellegrino Romana** » Sun Apr 17, 2011 10:56 pm

His Royal Majesty's Department of Defense

TO: Ms. Alice Williams; VMK AG - Imperial Land Defence Systems
FROM: General Alberto Lombardi; The Department of Defense of San Pellegrino Romana
RE: Purchasing Domestic Production Rights For the AY1 'Serenity' Main Battle Tank & the AY1-H1 Self-Propelled Artillery Gun

Greetings:

Allow me to introduce myself. I am General Alberto Lombardi, a highly-decorated and respected General in the Roman Army. My current task is to procure foreign-made weapons for His Royal Majesty's Armed Forces. Several weeks ago, the Roman Parliament, in cooperation with The Rt Hon. Prime Minister Giorgio Berlusconi, voted to approve a special budget in order to procure foreign-made weapons for our Armed Forces. I have seen and heard (mostly through fellow Incursus nation members) about the efficiency, durability, and quality of both the AY1 'Serenity' Main Battle Tank and the AY1-H1 Self-Propelled Artillery Gun. I believe that their efficiency and modern design would be a perfect replacement for our aging MBT's and Self-Propelled Artillery Guns. It is thus, that I have been tasked with making the AY1 Serenity the primary MBT, and the AY1-H1 the main SPAG of our military. If it is acceptable, the Roman Department of Defense would like to purchase DPR's for both. Full payment will be sent through an electronic deposit to a designated account at the Yohannische Bundesbank once this order has been confirmed. Please let me know if you have any questions or concerns.

Sincerely,

General Alberto Lombardi,

Liaison of The Department of Defense - Office of Procurement

Posts · by **Yohannes** » Sun Apr 17, 2011 11:20 pm

Designation: Pz.Kpf.W AY2-1G
Name: Panthera Pardus
Role (within the Wehrmacht): Main Battle Tank
Crew: 3 (commander, driver, and gunner)
Manufacturer: VMK (AG)
Place of origin: Kingdom of Yohannes
Length (with gun extended forward): 11.6 m
Length of gun: 7m
Weight: 70 tonnes
Width: 3.81 m
Track Width : 0.701 m
Height (including roof of turret) : 2.57 m
Ground Clearance: 0.5 m
Maximum speed on road: 84 km/h
Cross Country Speed: 60 km/h
Speed, 10% Slope: 21 km/h
Speed, 60% slope: 14 km/h
Acceleration (0 to 32 km/h): 4.7 seconds
Operational Cruising Range: 530 km
Range: 661 km
Range (external tank): 1,100 km
Trench Crossing: 3.09 m
Vertical Obstacle: 1.14 m
Fording without Preparation: 1.24 m
Fording with Preparation: 2 m
Active suspension system: VLT HPVS-MBT AHS
Primary gun: AY7M 140mm 50 calibre smoothbore ETC gun
Gun ammunition: 35 (APFSDS-T, HEAT, MPC)
Gun traversion: 360 º
Gun elevation: ~-10 to 20 º
Maximum elevation slew rate: ~10 to 15 º/s
Additional armament(s):
-Coaxial 30mm AY1A AC (600)
-1x RWS
-1 x 12.7mm AY14-HMG (1,200 rounds)
-8 x LA-420A1 Havik II BLATGM (optional)
-2 x 8 FGL (optional)
Engine : 1596 kW Forza Diesel V-12 + Electric Gen. 2x Electric M.
Fuel consumption: 2.1 L/km
Power-to-Weight Ratio : 22.8 kw/t
Armour : Adversus
Protection : AY09 AFEDSS, AYHK10 ADS, and AY109 NBC/CBRN (NBCS) System of Protection
Export price: US$14,000,000.00
DPR: US$100 billion

by **Celis** » Mon Apr 18, 2011 2:15 am

Official Encrypted Communique

TO: VMK AG - Imperial Land Defence Systems
FROM: The Holy Imperium of Celis
SUBJECT: Inquiry
The Celisian Royal Army would like to inquire about the cost for the DPR on the AY1-H1 Self-Propelled Gun. We have wanted to buy a new Self- Propelled Gun to test and run in unison with a Lyran model.
Sincerely,
Duke Charles Melhavre

by **UMR Milograd** » Mon Apr 18, 2011 2:43 am

The Glorious Sessho Imperiate and Mightiest Gothic Shogunate of the Dai-Shun

To Whom it may concern,

The Glorious Sessho Imperiate and Mightiest Gothic Shogunate of The Dai-Shun, after several weeks of consideration; has decided to purchase two hundred and fifty AY1 Serenity Main Battle Tanks for three billion and four hundred fifty million universal standard dollars.

We appreciate the services of VMK AG - Imperial Land Defence Systems, and have heard nothing but great things regarding the aforementioned outlet of The Yohessian Government. That is all, thank you.

Sei Sessho...

......................................Dai-Shun of Sessho
......................................"Sei Sessho"

Posts · by **Yohannes** » Mon Apr 18, 2011 1:32 pm

To : Representative of Charles Melhavre.
From : Alice Williams. Governmental entity representative. VWK AG.
Subject : Inquiry.

Dear sir and/or madam

This letter has reached your desk for your inquiry has been received, and noted. The license upon the domestic manufacturing license of the AY1-H1 was meant to be restricted to any single entity located outside Anagonia-Yohannes from the start. It was only after various distinguished Anago-Yohannesian political figures suggesting that the AY1-H1 should at least be distributed in terms of its production license to close bilateral economic, military, and political allies of the Empire, that the stance was altered to the allowance of the said mobile artillery to be licensed towards those deemed as a close economic, military, and/or political allies of the Dual Monarchy.

Therefore we will have to sadly inform you that the domestic manufacturing license of the AY1-H1 as it currently stand, and as the current bilateral relations between the Holy Empire and the Dual Monarchy stand, will not be licensed towards your national sovereignty, due to its restricted manufacturing license distribution nature.

However, there would be no doubt that in the situation of a bulk-purchase, the current governmental entity of the Holy Celisian Empire will acquire a substantial direct discount towards any purchase made in the future, and we feel that that alone will be enough, for we feel that the current Celisian government will be able to easily put quite a quantitative hefty sum of purchase towards the AY1-H1 within its budget.

We gratefully thank you for your patronage, and we would love to hear from you and your represented entity in the future.

Cordially

Governmental entity representative

Posts · by **Yohannes** » Tue Apr 19, 2011 3:03 am

by **Bellganamos** » Tue Apr 19, 2011 6:21 am

Federation of Bellganamos Military Communique

Department of Defense
To: Alice Williams. Governmental entity representative. VWK AG.
From: Major General David Schweiger

Code: Select all: Classification: TANGO FOUR ECHO OSCAR (Tier 4 Eyes Only)

Subject: AY1 Serenity main battle tank

Dear Madam,

We would like to acquire two AY1 Serenity main battle tanks for testing purposes. We are currently in the process of buying a new main battle tank, one that is considerably faster than the M1A2 Abrams while packing greater firepower.

Undersecretary for Equipment
-Major General David Schweiger

by **Blackhelm Confederacy** » Tue Apr 19, 2011 1:01 pm

To: Miss Alice Williams, Imperial Land Defense Systems Representative
From: Confederate Department of Defense
Subject: AY1-H1 Self-Propelled Artillery Gun

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The money has been wired to the account you have chosen for the deposit, and you have my word that there shall be no redistribution of the vehicle by our nation to any others. Also, we would appreciate it if the specialists were to arrive via Sacrament Military Air Base, in order to avoid any possible interruptions by rebel forces currently in control of large portions of the nation. This is very much appreciated, and we hope that with this weapon we will be able to finally cross the obstacles standing in our way, stamp out our opposition, ad win this war once and for all.

Sincerely,

Marcus Blueshield

Posts · by **Yohannes** » Tue Apr 19, 2011 3:34 pm

Firepower

The designated primary gun of the AY2-1G is that of the AY7M 140mm, 50 calibre electrothermal-chemical (ETC) smoothbore gun. The AY7M is an upgraded version of the previous AY4M 140/L50 utilised by that of the AY2-1E.

Whilst the aftermath of the successful international showing of the AY4M (which was used by that of the AY2-1E) was certainly a proof of the gun's capability, the existence of multiple similar performance gun worldwidfe has propelled a sense of urgency within the VMK Bureau of Research and Development to release yet another improvement upon the AY series of gun. During the Solm-Tergnitzian Crisis, it was shown that guns of similar combat field performance to the AY4M design has been exported to the opposing political side. It was, without a doubt, a shock towards the Wehrmacht Chief of Staff that when, on the tactical engagement known in Northern Judea as the Battle of the Nebarod Plain, Tergnitzian armoured formations successfully defended their given tactical position, against the advancing Panzerkampfwagen AY2-1E Panthera Tigris of the Yohannesian 13th Panzer Division. On the aftermath of the brief conflict and the political stalemate which ensued, multiple practical field testing regarding the variation of new available gun technologies were conducted upon by the Bureau of Research and Development.

During the past five years, VMK Bureau of Development and Technological Research has acquired the introduction of an indigenous Yohannesian electrothermal-chemical gun design as one of the organisation's top priority. As procurement scientists throughout the nineteen federated states of Yohannes intermingled with each other, and analysed past Yohannesian domestic experimentation and foreign application of the technology, mostly acquired from bilateral close Yohannesian allied states, the goal was finally realised in the form of the AY1M, which was introduced into that of the Yohannesian AY1 series of tanks. Operational ineffectiveness within the field of battle however, has awaken the eyes of the VMK Research and Development Bureau that merely applying the concept of foreign entities, without having the national capacity to utilise effectively the aforementioned technology, would create a serious flaw in the future. As a result, further monetary fund was acquired, 75% of the aforementioned fund coming from that of the governmental-led Yohannesische Bundesbank, originating and with headquarter within the Kingdom of Yohannes. The result was the introduction of the AY2M 125/L55 and ultimately, that of the AY4M 140/L50, the former is utilised by that of the AY2-1B whilst the latter that of the AY2-1D and AY2-1E. A drastic improvement and higher rate of muzzle velocity was reached during the development and experimentation phase of the AY4M, as a result of its harmonious combination of both electro-thermal energy and liquid propellant was reached, in comparison to that of the AY1M's flawed combination.

VMK Bureau of Research and Development further improved the AY4M concept within the development of its successor, that of the AY5M. A controlled increase of the projectile's muzzle velocity and maximum safetiness' maintenance within the barrel of the AY5M was furthermore improved upon, over that of the AY4M. Absorption of higher recoil energy is also utilised to accomodate the AY5M's improved gun's round power. Identical electrical supply charged propellant system, minus its previous experimentation drawback within the AY1M, and as a result a substantial lower weight of the gun, is also applied from that of the AY4M, to that of the AY5M. Less electrical energy requirement within the AY5M is achieved by the initiation of higher density level chemical propellants within the AY5M, similar to that of the AY4M. Combat experimentation and testing in the Valedonian Range has discovered that such an arrangement is superior to that of a granulated solid propellant which is found in the majority of foreign conventional guns. Under auspices of Dr. Harvey Proctor, VMK Bureau of Research and Development has furthermore exploit the arrangement of the AY5M's chemical substance by applying the gun's electrical application with extra precision in balance and accordance with that of the gun's chemical counterpart, thereby further optimising the effectiveness of the AY5M. Higher projectile velocity rate, lower chamber and breech pressure rate, is also maintained simultaneously by heavier ejection of electrical output quota from the plasma's vessel branches than other guns. A high rate of temperature is then established to diffuse the fuse wire, which will then act as a source of ionised gas. This will further diffused and ultimately act as catalyst for the combination of the fule and its oxidising material. The existence of a continous power supply is maintained as a result of the aforementioned process, which will further heighten the control upon the fuel and oxidising material's combustion rate. Such an arrangement, and ultimately the energy released as of such, will ensure the projectile's constant nature as it travel along the gun's barrel length, ultimately optimising the projectile's high velocity rate whilst maintaining its low chamber and breech pressure rate even further. In finality increasing even yet further the AY5M's lethality, an ideal level of kinetic energy is achieved by controlling the gun's maximum pressure, by decreasing its propellant burning by virtue of the gun's electrical and propellant systems' alteration to limit its pressure rate.

Propellant system of the AY5M maintain a higher density rate, sufficiently capable of penetrating almost any (except some in certain tactical situations) by virtue of its striking lethality. The AY5M utilised a unique energetic-liquid dispersion method. In-between that of each phases, the aforementioned propellant burning method is controlled by an area of interfacial induction. Cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine or shortened simply as HMX, will then be dissolved within the homogeneous ethylenediamine dinitrate. Although the possibility of other arrangement was deemed as possible, the VMK Bureau of Development and Research have decided that the present arrangement would be chosen over other possible alternative. By approximation, 55% energetic solid is dispersed with 42% of its weight, thus preventing any possibility of less propellant burning control and intensity resulting from the lack of a sufficient energetic solid presence. A low percentage of nitrate-ester is also utilised as a solid stabilising presence towards the AY5M's propellants, in tradition as identical to that of the AY2M and AY4M, to further increase ease of practicality initiation of the energetic-liquid dispersion method. As a new requirement towards the AY5M development, the propellant is required to be energetic up to a point that requirement of electrical energy will not be considered too excessive. Field testing has shown that 1 kJ electrical energy per gram upon the propellant is the minimum requirement for such an arrangement. Propellant burning behaviour is sufficiently controlled simutlaneously to ensure that the ideal pressure profile in regard to the appropriate function of time will be met with the appropriate arrangement with the amount of electrical energy. Further controlled burning rate is also provided by the utilisation of approximately 0.47% carbon-black, and with that the dispersed solid will then be consolidated with the application of guar gum, as a simple mean to strengthen the dispersed solid's settling. This existing interaction between the system's propellants and electrical discharges was designated to be kept at all cost. Such a measure would result in the maintenance of a considerably higher pressure level as the gun's projectile accelerates and progress. A relatively quiet muzzle break enhancement handled the gun's recoil process, in which an extended length of recoil is toned down, strengthened by the AY7M's thermal shroud mass attenuation, thus allowing the AY2-1G to easily stand the added recoil of the gun. As such, the AY2-1G is given the capacity to strike its opposing tactical side with a higher probabilty of striking accuracy, enhanced even further by the new and improved [insert fire control system here] fire control system's dynamic vibration attenutation capability, a marked improvement from that of the previous AY2-1D and AY2-1E. The AY5M uses a variety of rounds, such as that of the Yohannesian (utilised by that of Anagonia simultaneously, abbreviated as the AY or Anago-Yohannesian) AY-18 APFSDS-T, AY-33A ATGM (upon the lack of the AY2-1G's Lamonian-manufactured Havik II BLATGM availability and/or lack of requirement by host entities) and/or the AY-03D HEAT. The gun is furthermore fitted with a rigid fibre glass thermal sleeve blanket around its barrel to protect the gun thermally from operational on-and-off active battlefield environmental conditions, utilising the existence of a ring-shaped gap found between the gun's barrel and that of the sleeve, and consists of sandwiched honeycomb layers of materials in-between that of the stiff, unyielding inner and and outer envelopment.

The AY5M is fed by the XA1Y-E2 as the previous AY2-1E, a modified version of the initial XA1Y-E1 experimentation. Observed by the VMK Bureau of Research and Development upon the progress of an automatic loading system realisation towards the AYM series gun would be the fact that such an initiation would considerably increased the gun's rate of fire, save substantial crew manpower by the removal of its loading personnel, and consequently providing more space within the vehicle simultaneously. Observation of various prior autoloaders has seen the technical complexities of maintaining such a system within its corresponding armoured fighting vehicle's operational field. The XA1Y-E2, as the E1, was therefore conceptualised with a different technicality in mind. The XA1Y-E2's ability to load the AY2M effectively under almost any azimuth and elevation co-ordination within its limit has resulted upon the substantial increasing of its firing rate, and the XA1Y-E2's systematic structure enable the retrieval of a previous gun breech loaded shells from the magazine effortlessly, consequently allowing the transfer of shells within the gun from the magazine in a more flexible and reduced rate of pace. Thus, the XA1Y-E2 has relatively small power requirements in comparison to that of a normal autoloader, and this feet was achieved without effecting its potential rate of fire. This was done by including a trolley mounted by a pair of opposing guidance tracks for the controlling of its movement between a magazine position whereabouts the shell will be retrieved from the storage of the magazine within the revolving turret's basket, and the emplacement of a position of gun loading arrangement in which the shells will then be rammed upon the turret mounted gun's breech. The tracks utilised for guidance will then set it to move in conjunction with the gun's azimuth and elevation co-ordination. The trolley will then initiate forward an electric motor to be used as the appropriate propulsion mean along the aforementioned guidance track, and will then carry it towards a two stage rammer, which consequently result in the deliverance of its propulsive electric motor. The motor is then activated to propel the trolley and shell, which was acquired from the gun's magazine, and was activated by the rammer's motor. The trolley's motor will then propel the trolley and extract the shell towards the pod of the gun. As it approaches the interior pod of the AY5M and its ready loading position, a controlled pivotal movement will then be produced by a cam roller, which will then be jointed together with the AY5M's pod, thereby resulting in a fastening between the rammer and the AY4M's shell, aligned with its boreline. Once the ramming position has been initiated completely, the rammer's motor will then activate the stages of the two rammer in quick succession to propel the aforementioned shell towards the breech of the AY5M. Once the XA1Y-E2 autoloader has assumed its fixed position with the AY5M's magazine, the gun's detachable pod will then be removed systematically to provide sufficient space for the AY5M's recoilling process. The XA1Y-E2 has the ability to maintain an accurate control on each of the AY5M's shell on various rough terrains in general, and is manufactured to be sufficiently compact in-feature within an ergonomically space saving structural design, and by utilising the gunner's gyro-stabilised panoramic sight, the vehicle's crew is capable of collecting on-board hit avoidance and target acquisition sensors, which are mounted on the surrounding left and right frontal side of the tank's turret. Its structural-based and adapted automatic loading system is capable of handling and firing up to 15 rounds of AY5M ammunitions per minute. It then can internally be replenished from within the turret or externally through the rear. The addition of the AY5M's burst diaphragm support further ensures that upon the event of an ignition as a result of penetration towards the magazine, centre pressure of the blast will be vented upwards, ultimately altering it away from the vehicle's crew compartment. The AY5M is capable of power elevating from 20º to -10º.

The AY2-1G comes with a co-axial 30mm AY1A autocannon (600 rounds), one 12.7mm AY14-HMG(2,400 rounds), optionally with eight LA-420A1 Havik II BLATGM turret mounted and designated in two box, and eight multipurpose smoke-capable, fragmentary firing grenade launchers on both the surrounding left and right side of the turret with a capability to engage opposing infantries and support personnel within the vicinity of the tank. The AY1A is a Yohannesian rapid firing automatic cannon, unique in that it utilised the initiation of telescoped cylindrical firing round, thereby increasing its efficiency and lethality. It incorporate the use of projectile feeding and fired projectile casing ejection ports, arranged axially from one another in its receiver, with the projectile firing position in between both the aforementioned ports. The end of the AY1A barrel is mounted to the receiver, and is aligned forward in relation to the projectile firing position. The AY1A's rotor mean is mounted on the aforementioned receiver as a result of its rotation, and the round will axially be transported from its feeding position to its ejection port. Force is also provided by the rotor's connection to flexibly rotate it, consequently allowing the projectile to be transported from the feeding port to its firing position. The rotor will then be rotated simultaneously in a continuous manner alongside the AY1A's firing process.

The projectile holding cavity of the rotor will then retain the chamber, alongside its transverse aperture. The aforementioned phase will consequently result in a radial sliding motion of the rotor. As a result of the phase, the chamber will automatically initiate a camming motion, which will act as a connection towards the purpose of the chamber’s sliding radial rotation, together with that of the rotor, thereby allowing the projectile to be moved automatically towards its firing position. Each of the aforementioned rotation phase will automatically maintain the cavity’s firing position during the projectile firing motion, thereby increasing the gun’s flexibility and reliability. Two differing, transversing projectile holding cavities are selected towards the system, and the chamber’s camming motion is initiated by virtue of the aforementioned two projectile holding cavities’ movement into the pre-selected firing position and phase in between the rotor motion phase, further reducing chance of operational error and dis-configuration of the gun firing motion. Pre-selected firing guidance of the projectile within its firing position is provided by the chamber camming motion described previously, which simultaneously will result in a longitudinal axis movement of the projectile’s holding cavities, automatically pre-selecting the right path, together with the barrel bore’s axis, each phase completed within a really short period of only 13 ms. The AY1A is, unlike other within its calibre, conceptualised with operational efficiency and reliability in mind, with each phase and parts of its system accordingly built with emphasis being place in the easiness of field maintenance and technical efficiency, without sacrificing its lethality and field of firepower capacity. Sudden stopping of automatic firing operationally as a result of abrupt systematic errors found in most other automatic cannons has been avoided by virtue of the gun’s internal sliding mechanism and robust maintenance. The AY1A is capable of elevating up to 45 degrees to engage any close-ground air support presence within its vicinity, and its utilisation enable the vehicle's gunner to utilise a range of close-in light support intensive rounds within its attached vehicle’s tactical field of operation.

The Yohannesian 12.7mm AY14-HMG heavy machine gun is also utilised as a secondary countermeasure reinforcement towards the AY2-1E. With a field of firing range of over 2,800 metres and 570 rounds per minute rate of firing, the AY14-HMG was conceptualised as a vehicle mounted machine gun, although it can still be utilised by ground infantries, but are nonetheless deemed as ineffective in such a role, a negative side-effect of its heavy weight of approximately 50 kilograms. The AY14-HMG is utilised by virtue of its recoil system, which incorporate a double sliding piece chamber together with a fixed barrel. The gun’s barrel extension, which utilised a systematic special holding cavity, will then be filled with the chamber’s left and right operations, with the left side operating as an ejector and the right side operating as the round’s main support. The right side is also attached by an arched camming initiation which operates as a control and ejection accelerator, towards the chamber. The slide utilised as both the extractor and ejector mean is attached to the recoil spring, and is initiated as the round’s selection primary function, which of course, can be utilised as the round’s extraction system as well. The chamber’s second half is initiated as the accelerator of the round’s progress, and as a feeding belt mean to link it with one another within its cycle. A selector firing pin will then ignite once the process is completed, and this cycle will start all over again.

The cycle’s force is acquired from the motion in which the round is pushing itself against the operating holder, and pressurise both the two sides together up until the pressure is lowered to a sufficiently safe level. This will then allow both of the halves to be motioned back again. The accelerating role is seized by the cammed side, which will then fling the other side back together with it. Used rounds are ejected down, or to the left and right side, optionally to be chosen by each individual operating the gun. The gun’s feed mechanism can also be motioned towards both side, with as little changes to its operation as possible, thereby increasing the gun’s effectiveness in terms of manpower and time cost. The aforementioned operation is considered to be quiet heavy in practicality, although the reason it was chosen was due to the fact that it generate an increasing rate of accuracy of the fixed barrel, and also will generate timesaving operation for a quick change of barrel. This moderately heavy barrel is utilised both to optimise surface area and decrease the operation cooling period and heat dispersion initiation. A front forward grip is also utilised and fixed to act as assistance towards the barrel’s change operation. It is also used to remove the need of protecting arm glove utilisation. A dual trigger mechanism is utilised towards the AY14-HMG, consequently requiring both of the triggers’ depressing method operation to allow for the first shot initiation. However, automatic firing operation will be sustained throughout the rest of the gun’s utilisation with only a single trigger, which will henceforward allow for a better energy saving of manpower, whilst simultaneously drastically increasing the gun’s safeties level.

The eight smoke-firing and laser detection countermeasure aerosol capable general purpose grenades' conceptualisation was a result of the VMK Bureau's additional requirement of an additional armaments allocation and all-around camouflage protection intensive battle systems to further reinforce its corresponding armoured fighting vehicle's safetiness within its field of engagement, in this case being that of the AY2-1E. The AY2-1E utilise the Anago-Yohannesian procurement of an invisible-purposed, fast burning and slow burning charged smoke shell to cover the vehicle's presence from hostile fire when deemed as needed necessarily. As do of most existing smoke grenade's usage, the associated armoured fighting vehicle will then be protected by a partial smoke screen envelopment in-between the associated vehicle itself, and that of the opposing entity's line of fire. By utilising the rapid establishment of the surrounding thick wall of smoke layers, vehicle's three crews would be able to establish a fairly effective means of secondary prevention and camouflage method against the enemy's general abilities to project any of its available power projectile threats against the main battle tank, and to further maintain the smoke layers' length of time considerably in durational terms. The process was done by utilising two smoke emitting, partial charging, differing reactionary and emitting rate, smoke shells. The VMK Bureau of Procurement and Development discovered that the condition in which a longer duration of length the discharged smoke would engulfed and therefore, screened its corresponding armoured fighting vehicle, would be achieved by expelling whilst burst charging the aforementioned smoke shell simultaneously. The result is an approximate slow burning time of 200 seconds after firing.

The AY2-1G can optionally be equipped with the renowned Lamonian LA-420A1 Havik II ATGM in the form of two box-launched anti tank guided missiles on the surrounding left and right side of its turret, with each box holding four LA-420A1 Havik II, for a total of eight. With the need for a tank launched anti tank guided missile becoming apparent to LAIX Arms, it was decided to use the Joint Common Missile's body as the basis of the Havik; as it was called, due to the simple design of the missile. Where the original JCM was designed to be launched from helicopters and aircraft; the Havik would be launched from main battle tanks first, with later possible modification to allow it be launched from helicopters and aircraft. After competing with the Helios II ATGM for supremacy in the international market, the Havik had done relatively well for itself; being considered a commercial success by LAIX Arms. Still, the missile had the potential to become even greater, and it had also only been regarded as more of a stop-gap measure before a newer, better missile would take it's place. This improved missile would become the LA-420A1 Havik II.

The Havik II retains many features that made the Havik such a success, including the general dimensions, while introducing some new features that will help the Havik II compete well into the future. Guidance for the Havik II is provided by a tri-seeker warhead, combining MMW, IIR, and SALH homing. This is combined with an INS/GPS system, allowing the missile to attain a hit ratio of 95%. In areas where enemy ECM is encountered, the system can also use a fiber-optic connection to the launching mechanism (available in both air and box launched versions). This connection to the launching mechanism is impossible to jam, and will allow the missile to strike the target, with enemy ECM becoming effectively useless. The Havik II is a top-attack missile, allowing it to strike the weakest part of enemy armor formations. The Havik II is meant to attack AFVs, MBTs, and low flying helicopters. However, the missile will simply fly directly toward enemy helicopters when fired in anti-helicopter mode. This helps to increase accuracy against helicopter targets. With a penetration rating of 1,400 mm IRHAe, it will severely damage enemy armor, likely resulting in a kill. With a maximum range of 18 km (ground launched), and 28 km (air launched), the Havik II can not only be fired from a longer distance than the Helios II, but can also be fired without revealing the location of the firing unit to the enemy. All that the missile needs is the location of the enemy (provided that the enemy units are within range), and it's good to go. The Havik II can also re-attack a target, in case it were to miss, provided that there is enough range left in the missile to allow this. The top speed of Mach 2 was designed to give the enemy little to no time to react, as well as increasing the probability of a kill. The Havik II retains an active radar jammer, allowing it to bypass the MMW and radar frequencies commonly used in Active Protection Systems. While the Havik used a jammer from Krupp Industries in The Peoples Freedom, the Havik II uses a domestic model, which is smaller, while giving the same performance as the model from Krupp Industries. In addition, the electronics in the Havik II use Gallium Arsenide in place of Silicone, allowing the missiles to survive EMP in good working order. The use of Gallium Arsenide makes the missile more expensive, but the resistance to EMP was judged to be worth the extra cost.

The Havik II is considered to be too heavy for man-portable use, owing to it's total weight of 65 kg. However, the Havik II can still replace multiple missiles with one proven missile system, saving time and money. The first stage of the tandem warhead creates an Explosively Formed Penetrator. This EFP moves at high speed, and is able to trigger any Explosive Reactive Armor that the target might have. The secondary shaped charge is where the bulk of the armor penetration occurs, and gives the Havik II it's penetration rating of 1,400 mm of IRHAe. A laser fuse tells the weapon when to detonate. The Havik II is powered by a ramjet, allowing the missile a maximum speed of Mach 2. The ramjet's fuel contains 78% Ammonium Perchlorate, 20% Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, and 2% Aluminum. This is a "low-smoke" mixture, making it harder for the enemy to trace the firing location of the Havik II via the smoke trail, and does not degrade ramjet performance. At launch, the Havik II is propelled by a low smoke APCP-fueled launch booster, bringing the missile to speed, thus allowing the ramjet to take over for the rest of the flight. Taken in combination, these features allow the Havik II to outperform the Helios II, and its spectacular ability to easily destroy opposing armoured fighting vehicles at a range of up to eighteen kilometres has drastically increase and maximise the lethality of the AY2-1G.

Survivability

During the course of the development of the Adversus Tank Armour, which would be used on the A2, and subsequently the AY2 series of tanks, different armour concepts came up that could be used for future projects (i.e., Cross-wise oriented NERA panels). Adversus is the latest in the LAIX ARMS line-up of armour solutions for tanks, originating from Lamoni. During the AY1 development programme, the Yohannesian Imperial and Royal Ministry of Defence has decided, per offer by that of the Lamonian Free Republic, a close bilateral ally of the Kingdom, to incorporate the Adversus battle armoured system towards the AY1 series. Following the realisation of the lighter and more mobile AY2 series however, Adversus was once again incorporated into yet another one of VMK AG's latest land battle systems, and consequently, it was that of the AY2-1G. Adversus starts with Exote, which is rated as being effective against small arms armour piercing rounds (including 15 mm armour piercing rounds). The Exote layer is expected to deal with small arms fire and shrapnel from enemy weapons fire. Exote is Titanium Carbide ceramic particles in a metallic matrix. In this case, the metallic matrix is RHA, making it ductile, which greatly improves its multi-hit capabilities while preserving typical ceramic terminal ballistic properties -- high hardness and ablation. Due to the fact that the ceramic has been suspended in matrix form instead of sintered together, it is cheaper than ceramic tile armour arrays, while providing calculated protection levels equivalent to a 1.77x thickness efficiency, and 2.25x mass efficiency, compared to RHA alone. This process means that Exote is classified as a Metal Matrix Composite, or MMC. Exote-Armour was invented and first manufactured by Exote Ltd., a Finnish corporation. Upon impact by an armour-piercing round, Exote's Titanium Carbide particles wear down the round via ablation, until the round is effectively turned into dust. Exote also spreads out the energy of the round, and distributes it over a larger area, thus fully neutralizing impact. The damage area is only 20-30% larger than the calibre of the hit, and the rest of the plate will still remain protective. This can be seen in Exote's multi-hit armour characteristic, which provides excellent protection from small arms, with a lighter weight than RHA alone. The Exote is also used to contain the rest of the armour package. Lamonian innovations in the form of extruded para-organic resilin are also used. Resilin is an elastomeric fibrous compound found within the musculature of insects. To quote Dr Chris Elvin of Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation;

Using genetically modified E.Coli bacteria, the CSIRO team was able to synthetically generate a soluble Resilin protein, based upon the cloning and expression of the first exon of the Drosophila CG15920 gene. By means of a CSIRO-patented process, the resulting resilin rubber was shown to have structurally near-perfect resilience nature, with a ninety-seven percent post-stress recovery. The next-nearest competitors are synthetic polybutadiene ‘superball’ high resilience rubber (80 per cent) and elastin (90 per cent). The cross-linking process itself is remarkably simple. It needs only three components - the protein, generally lactose, or a near analogue, a metal ligand complex, ruthenium in this case, and an electron acceptor. The mixture is then flashed with visible light of 452 nanometres wavelength to form the polymer - within 20 seconds, the proteins will be cross-linked into a matrix with remarkable tensile strength. Like it's Acerbitas cousin, the Resilin used in Adversus is intended, as with NERA generally, to warp, bend or bulge the Aermet 100 plates upon impact. As the plates move, bullets are subjected to transverse and shear forces, diminishing their penetration, and shaped-charge weapons find their plasma jets unable to readily focus on a single area of armor. In the case of segmented projectiles, the transverse forces are less pronounced, compared to unitary variants, but the movement of the plate essentially forces the projectile to penetrate twice, again lowering total impact upon the platform protected. The Resilin components are layered with Aermet 100 plates. The Aermet plates are angled, as penetrators striking angled plates will bend into the direction the plate is facing. This action on the part of the penetrator serves to significantly reduce the impact of the penetrator itself, as the penetrator expends energy on this bending motion, instead of being allowed to focus all of its kinetic energy on a single spot on the armour.

Aermet 100 alloy features high hardness and strength, coupled with high ductility. Aermet 100 alloy is used for applications requiring high strength, high fracture toughness, high resistance to stress corrosion cracking, and fatigue. Aermet 100 is more difficult to machine than other steels; Aermet being specially graded martensitic steel, and requires the use of carbide tools. Composite Sandwich Panels are used both to increase the structural integrity of the armour, as well as to catch fragments that are created by enemy fire. The outside of the panels are composed of one centimetre thick plates of Aermet 100 alloy. One such plate is placed on either side of the panel. The interior of each panel consists of a three centimetre thick honeycomb of hexagonal celled, thickness oriented Aermet 100, where each cell of the honeycomb measures six millimetres across. Each hexagonal cell is filled with a mix of sintered Titanium Diboride (TiB2) ceramic tiles, and vinylester resin. This adds additional ceramic protection to the armour. Ti-6Al-4V is a very popular alloy of Titanium. Designed for high tensile strength applications in the 1000 MPa range, the alloy has previously been used for aerospace, marine, power generation and offshore industries applications. Ti-6Al-4V offers all-round performance for a variety of weight reduction applications. It is used to sandwich the Depleted Uranium mesh, encase the SiC ceramic, and as the majority of the armour after that. As chemically pure Depleted Uranium is very brittle, and is not as strong as alloys, U-3Ti alloy is used for the DU mesh. This alloy has a density of 18.6 grams per cubic centimetre. The alloy displays higher strength, and less brittleness than chemically pure Depleted Uranium. Silicon Carbide encased in Ti-6Al-4V comes after this, with the Titanium alloy being used to encapsulate the SiC ceramic, as well as assist in hydrostatic prestressing, which is known to extend interface defeat. The SiC is isostatically pressed into the heated matrix; which more securely binds the ceramic into place. Interface Defeat is a phenomenon observed when a hypervelocity penetrator strikes a sufficiently hard ceramic. The penetrator flattens its nose against the ceramic without penetrating into the ceramic for up to several microseconds, with penetrator material flowing laterally across the face of the ceramic until the ceramic starts to crack. As soon as cracks form, the lateral flow stops and penetration resumes. This effect is also called "dwell" in some publications. Silicon Carbide is excellent for producing this effect. More Ti-6Al-4V is used as the bulk of the armour after the encased SiC, which has a superior mass efficiency relative to RHA, while its thickness efficiency is a bit lower (about 0.9:1). The chassis is located behind this, with Dyneema being used as a spall liner. In Yohannesian main battle tanks, the chassis would likely consist of RHA, to replicate that of the Lamonian main battle tanks. Most of the armour is concentrated on the frontal arc, with the sides also being covered, but to a lesser degree. The rear of the tank (like all tanks) is protected by RHA. Where logically applicable, the VMK Bureau of Development followed the Lyran designed Hauberk ERA in order to increase the protection levels of the tank. This includes use of Hauberk on the tank's roof, which helps to protect the AY2 against top attack munitions.

'Hauberk' shaped-charged explosive reactive armour is fitted as standard (though can be removed), designed to destroy (or at the very least severely degrade) hostile munitions, be they HE-based or kinetic penetrators. 'Hauberk' is also available from yet another ally of the Anago-Yohannesian Empire, the Lyran Protectorate, at no extra cost, and has been designed specifically to take advantage of research into explosive reactive armour carried out at the Lughenti Testing Range, of which the Anago-Yohannesian government has noted most thankfully. Owing considerably to its 'Rainmaker' ancestor, 'Hauberk' differs from 'Rainmaker' in two ways. The first change is a shift in the formation of the explosively formed penetrators of the defensive system, from directly opposing the projectile (firing along the same axis as the most likely threat at any given armour location) to a slanted system, angling (approximately) 45 degrees up. The new system not only leaves 'Hauberk' considerably more compact, but dramatically improves its effectiveness against kinetic munitions of all forms. The 'Hauberk' HERA system is composed of “bricks” making each “bricks” easily replaceable once used and allowing the system to be fitted to vehicles already in service. The “bricks” are lightweight (at around 3kg) and this allows them to be positioned on as many areas of the tank as needs require. An Aermet 100 Mine Protection Plate has been incorporated onto the underside of the AY2-1D, which offers protection from mines, and IEDs. This protection is in addition to the crew seating, and other protection measures. The turret front and sides are fitted with wedge-shaped add-on armour in sections, which can easily be replaced by field workshops if hit or, at a later stage, be replaced by more advanced armour. Aermet 100 alloy provides the outer casing, with a layer of Resilin to work against CE threats. U-3Ti alloy DU spheres encased in an Aermet 100 matrix cause KE rounds to yaw, reducing their penetration. The “wedge” armour is backed by more Aermet 100 alloy plating.

As a mainstay of soft-hardkill countermeasure the AYHK10 Active Protection System was developed by VWK AG under the assistance and guidance of the VMK Bureau of Design Committee, towards the AY2 series. The immediate aim of the research and task of the VMK Bureau of Design Committee then was the creation of a satisfactory if not an acceptable level of protection for Anago-Yohannesian armoured fighting vehicles in the face of the ever-growing capacity and power projectile reach of most of the present anti-tank battle systems and threats internationally. Worldwide, the advancement of anti-armoured vehicle measure systems, whether it coming from the air and ground, has developed at a rapid pace. The ongoing cold hostility between nations of the world has seen a period of military innovations and technological advancement unheard of over the previous decades. The majority of modern armoured fighting vehicles utilised a system in which its associated crews identified the aforementioned threat by relying on their field of eyesight vision and other passive defence systems such as the launching of a smoke screen envelopment alone to form a barrier around the vehicle, taking into account of course the availability of friendly infantry formations and the associated speed of the armoured fighting vehicle itself, within the vicinity of its operational ground. However the rapid development and adoption of multiple armoured fighting vehicle countermeasure systems and tactics worldwide has seen the utilisation of such passive defence initiation to be outdated at best and redundant at worst. The development of laser guided and infra-red radiator illuminating means of detecting armoured fighting vehicles within its vicinity, together with the ever increasing pace of development upon various active anti-vehicle guided missile internationally, furthermore, has opened the eyes of the VMK Bureau of Development and Research Committee that the realisation of an active protection system within the incoming AY2 series of main battle tank project would be a must. It was during the developmental phase of the AY main battle tank concept that the project was declared by the VMK Bureau of Design Committee, in conjunction to that of the Anago-Yohannesian Imperial and Royal Ministry of Defence, to be categorically regarded as a clear project in majority. The systems allowed for its corresponding armoured fighting vehicle to withstand and survive operationally the threat active threat provided in the form of the aforementioned means of detection, by utilising its own active countermeasure and tracking systems against the incoming projectile and/or missile, thereby creating a condition in which the aforementioned projectile and/or missile guidance systems would at best fail, and at worst, would be able to eliminate the aforementioned threat.

The establishment of the said protocol was done only however, through numerous successful and favourably effective demonstrations, consequentially in the AYHK10 ADS's capability to neutralise anti-tank guided missiles and rockets, its corresponding acceptable low rate and high safety levels regarding friendly casualty chance and low percentage, and minimal collateral damage, with that of an acceptable rate of residual penetration. The AYHK10 ADS defeats and intercepted incoming threats by utilising a hemispherical barrier zone around the corresponding armoured vehicle, in which the utilisation of IR and millimetre wave signals is initiated by targeting hostile missiles or projectiles, which preceded the initiation of screening grenades. These sensors will then deliver its encrypted signals to the corresponding crew within the AY2. The crucial elements within the AYHK10 active protection system are the ability of its corresponding radars to detect and track incoming threat by utilising an internal soft-kill emitter sensor which will then be automatically processed into the AYHK10 computer system, and its ability to countermeasure and effectively intercept the said threat by inputting the aforementioned process into the AYHK10's sub-systems. Several sensors which is needed for the corresponding initiation of a full hemispherical coverage, for example that of a collection of flat panel radars which is subsequently placed at strategic locations in the shape of a rectangular zone, with the first and second radars located at the front section of the vehicle, just below the front turret, and the third and fourth located just below the hull of the vehicle, protected by the hauberk armour screening, around the armoured vehicle, are included within the AYHK9's detection and tracking subsystem. Infrared and millimetre wave detectors are also included and inter-connected into a single transmitter within the system, and are attached outside the AY2's quadrant points. Each of these has infra-red detection and a millimetre wave tracking system, together with an encrypted early warning transmission device which will then transmit any collected informational input to the AY2's crew.

The associated receiver of the transmitted informational data will then passed on the information to the commander of the associated formational vehicle, and the commander will then proceed to active the AYHK10-A3 control and tracking sub-system. The aforementioned information will then be processed by the commander's computerised inter-connected sub-system computerised screen, which will then encrypted the aforementioned data, and proceed to either countermeasure the identified threat manually, and/or let the system eliminate it automatically. Once an incoming threat is detected, identified, and verified, the AYHK9 ADS countermeasure sub-system and device will then be activated and positioned accordingly so as to effectively intercept the verified threat, and the vehicle's designated commander will then be able to activate a systematic button which automatically compute the origination of the threat's direction, and alter the position of the tank's turret towards its direction. It will then be launched automatically into the aforementioned intercepted threat in a ballistic trajectory initiation, consequently providing an adequately long distance of threat interception, within a computerised timeframe of approximately three to four seconds. Due to the broad hemispherical coverage of its internally built laser threat identifier aforementioned above, the AYHK10 ADS is capable of providing a full three hundred and sixty degree active protection scope of operation to its corresponding armoured fighting vehicle, with its targeted range of projectile within its sensory system to include those of anti-tank guided missiles and grenades, and almost any known and visible target within approximately one hundred metres' surrounding of its corresponding armoured fighting vehicle scope of operation. In regard to the possibility of a newly emerging projectile incoming target to be identified by the soft-kill emitter sensor, the hard-kill computerised system will then identify and verify the input of the new incoming projectile at a distance of approximately two metres from the system's corresponding armoured fighting vehicle, so as to minimise any unwanted trajectory friendly-fire casualties, all within a reactionary timeframe of just two seconds in-between the old, and the new targeted projectile threat.

The AYHK10 ADS, unlike that of the AYHK9, can also be altered as an effective fast counteractive vehicular protection system, rendering ineffective any hostile rocket propelled grenade initiation in a close range combat situation within a total responsive period of approximately 1.3 ms. A plural passive sensors has been added towards the AYHK10, allowing the active defence system to track and verify its surrounding to locate the threat detected by its laser tracker, which further will determine the angular co-ordination, range, and velocity of the aforementioned threat. Countermunitions will then be initiated, in the circumstance whereas the threat has been regarded as initiated, which will provide a fast countermeasure initiation against its verified hostile target, and its guidance is supported by the AYHK10's computerised software onboard the vehicle. The AYHK10 ADS is also equipped with its own radiometric countermeasure sub-system, which can be utilised to render invalid any millimetre wave sensory guidance system targeting its associated vehicle, which can be employed by hostile missiles to act as a projector guide towards the AY2. Dubbed the AYXA-1BS the countermeasure sub-system utilised the existence of a repetitive source of millimetre wave, and an inter-connected system of attenuator and circular light converter to transmit the radiatory millimetre wave signal around the armoured fighting vehicle's immediate surrounding environment. The aforementioned process will then create a substantial electromagnetic field within the vicinity of the vehicle, which was conceptualised to provide a sufficient radiatory intensity to match the AY2's surrounding environmental features, such as any surrounding buildings and/or trees within its vicinity. As a result, any sensory detection and radiatory guidance system initiated to assist any hostile missiles towards the AY2 will be rendered invalid and defunct, thereby drastically increasing its survivability rate operationally.

Signature Reduction

The AY2-1G also comes with its own signature reduction system. Ever since the invention of armoured fighting vehicle itself, the utilisation of a mean whereby a signature reduction and/or operability limitation was achieved by way of field camouflaging to avoid any possibility of unnecessary case of sensor and visual detection towards the armoured fighting vehicle's within its field of operation, due to various factors such as the heating of the vehicle's engine. Signature reduction has always been deemed as one of the essential factors upon the successful conclusion of its mission, and the survivability rate of the the vehicle itself, and its associated crews. Knowing full well the effectiveness of functionally reliable observation reduction systems, the VMK AG Bureau of Procurement and Research has not ceased to stress the importance of the aforementioned field of technical research in regard to its development within the new main battle tank project. An existing camouflage system used most commonly worldwide, known as the LCSS (lightweight camouflage screening system) signature reduction method has been deemed as relatively ineffective by the VMK AG Bureau of Procurement and Research, and a mean of further increasing the effectiveness of its future main battle tank and any subsequent armoured fighting vehicle projects, was therefore considered, and in finality initiated with vigour.

Existing signature reduction means found in most battle systems would be the utilisation of several camouflaging layer which can be screened together to provide extra section of its corresponding attached armoured fighting vehicle. The successful conclusion of the vehicle's mission, and its corresponding crews rate of survivability was crucial in regard to the successful initiation and disconnecting process of the aforementioned vehicle's camouflage screen layers. A quick dismemberment therefore, would be essential in determining the increasing rate of survivability and time saving operational capability of the vehicle within its associated operation. The development of the VWK Research and Procurement Team has resulted in a signature reduction system whereby in the possibility a point of contact between its camouflage screen layer with that of its surrounding equipments was reached, little if not almost no major physical damage would result from its point of contact. Dubbed by the VWK Bureau of Development and Research as the "Lotion", it consists of a multi-spectral light-weight, ultra camouflage net system, based upon the existing ULCANS system. Lotion consists of two beckets block of loops attached together at the screen of the corresponding camouflaging layer, formed in an alternating conjunction with long beckets block of loops, and to be initiated repeatedly. A detachment of the attached beckets will then automatically dismembered rapidly the aforementioned beckets loops from each other, and thus limiting the existence of a rigid plastic structure within the system, and further decreasing its associated armoured fighting vehicle's chance of detection from hostile infrared radiatory initiation. A domestically manufactured infrared camouflage screen is used within Lotion, which further decrease the rate of infrared detection of the Lotion's associated armoured fighting vehicle from hostile infrared detection devices and initiation. The layer consists of lightweight pores-contained materials, which will then be attached with strips to its corresponding layer, with the ability to appropriately reducing, depending on the circumstance involved, its corresponding armoured fighting vehicle's infrared detection rate, and is deemed to be effective at a range of over 50 metres from any present infrared and similar means of detection.

Exhaust fumes and gases are passed out the rear of the tank, through a double muffler and particle filter. Exhaust gases are diluted with outside air to reduce their heat signature. This is done by sucking air through a small inlet flush against the tank and mixing the cool outside air with the exhaust gases. Exhausted and outside air meet in a special Y tube, with a radiator being mounted on the stem of the Y, sucking air from both stems through to the exhaust. The first is "Stealth Mode," where the vehicle can travel at slow to medium speeds without using the ICE for power, thus running silently. This gives an assaulting force an enourmous advantage as an enemy will generally not be able to hear the AFV approaching, except over rough ground which would cause noise. However, the absence of an engine note will mean that the noise of the tracks on the ground alone will not alert the enemy to the presence of an AFV. In this mode, the alternator spins freely and the engine is de-coupled from the rest of the drivetrain. Stealth Mode can be run for up to fourty minutes or fifty kilometres running off the battery power. After this, the ICE will need to recharge the battery pack.
Sound-deadening engine covers are also fitted to the engine to reduce the noise both inside and outside the cabin. Forza engineers are particualrly ardent at reducing the NVH of large luxury cars but found the same basic principles applied to armoured vehicles. Double-insulated sound covers are placed in a box to cover the engine, which is itself mounted on springs to quell vibrations. The top of this box can be easily removed to lift the whole engine out. As a result, the AY1 is much quieter inside and out than any other MBT.

by **The City Of Aurora** » Tue Apr 19, 2011 4:01 pm

To Governmental Entity Representative Alice Williams, Of VMK AG,
From High Priest Indra Of Murkai, The City Of Aurora,

Honoured Madam,

Our military is interested in purchasing a number of your AY1 Serenity tanks to equip our military forces with, we are looking to purchase 40 units initially, followed by more purchases to equip our steadily increasing military force with.

Consequently our initial order cost comes to $552,000,000.

We look forwards to you processing our order.

Sincere Regards,
High Priest Indra,

by **Bellganamos** » Tue Apr 19, 2011 4:43 pm

Federation of Bellganamos Military Communique

Department of Defense
To: Alice Williams
From: Major General David Schweiger
Code: Select all
Classification: TANGO FOUR ECHO OSCAR (Tier Four Eyes Only)

Subject: Alternative energy sources

Dear Madam,

We would like to express our apologies for not asking this in our previous conversation. Currently, the Federation of Bellganamos has a strict limitation on military vehicles regarding fuel efficiency. In an attempt to lower both the costs, logistics, and environmental problems of oil, our nation currently uses fuel cells in our ground vehicles. Is there any way to convert the AY1 MBT to use these fuel cells? Again, sorry for not asking this in our previous message.

Bellganamos Department of Defense
-David Schweiger, Undersecretary for Equipment

by **Guiana Arpeso** » Tue Apr 19, 2011 5:12 pm

Paka Wéneu Guíana Àrpesu(Guiana Arpeso Combat Forces)

We wish to purchase 10 AY1 Standard variants in the grey color scheme. We will pay the total $138,000,000 as soon as they are done being manufactured and delivered.
-Sign,
Trekóúm Marigerseir, Paka'tuelán Wéneu Guíana Àrpesu(Guiana Arpeso Combat Forces High Commander)

Posts · by **Yohannes** » Tue Apr 19, 2011 5:17 pm

Mobility

The Forza GreenTank project is a design study to create a propulsion system for an Armoured Fighting Vehicle operating where carbon-based fuel is at a premium. GreenTank uses technologies that have been pioneered on race cars, small passenger cars and diesel-electric trains to work towards a fuel consumption goal of 1.5 Litres per kilometer.

The Forza HDrive internal combustion engine is a V12 unit displacing a relatively small 18 litres, forcibly inducted by Forza's TriCharge aspiration system and teamed with Forza's HybriDrive technology which altogether creates the diesel-electric drivetrain. Due to requirements to use a hybrid drivetrain, the engine itself needed to be kept physically small to maximise available space in order to fit the generators and battery packs required for the hybrid system. This led to the demand for a small-displacement engine which would keep external dimensions to the minimum and that would also be more efficient than a larger engine when at light load, such as speeds above idle. Maximum power produced by the ICE does not need to be as high to equal other vehicles for power to weight ratio, as the power provided by the motor generators in parallel to the ICE would be sufficient to address the diffence in power levels. The engine has a very high specific output of 72 kw per litre, to put this into perspective the HDrive engine yields 20kw more per litre than the FB-12TSD which powers the AY2-1E Panthera Tigris MBT, one of the most powerful engines ever fitted to an MBT. The output is a product of the engine's low compression ratio, relatively high maximum engine speed and very high staged boost levels which are explained later. Each cylinder displaces 1,499 cubic centimetres. The total power of just the ICE alone is 1,296kw however the hybrid system can contribute an extra 300kw to this total when the engine is at it's maximum output, giving a total output of 1,596kw or almost 2140 horsepower.`The engine block itself is made from aluminium alloy, comprised of 11% silicon, 4% manganese and 0.5% magnesium. This Al-Alloy has a high thermal conductivity and hence is able to dissipate heat quicker than cast iron. Also, it leads more thermal efficiency, cooler running engines and are lighter thereby improving the overall vehicle’s operative characteristics.`Combined with the more efficient fuel burn and the increased flexibility of the forced induction system, this drivetrain increases specific power while reducing fuel consumption.

The engine itself makes use of an extremely low compression ratio of 14:1, putting it on equality with the lowest compression diesel engines fitted to passenger cars and possibly the lowest ever seen on an AFV. Diesel engines generally have a very high compression temperature and pressure at piston top dead center. If fuel is injected under these conditions, ignition will take place before an adequate air-fuel mixture is formed, causing heterogeneous combustion to occur locally which essentially results in an inefficient combustion reaction. When the compression ratio is lowered, compression temperature and pressure at top dead centre decrease significantly. Consequently, ignition takes longer when fuel is injected near top dead centre which allows for a more desireable mixture of air and fuel. This alleviates the formation of NOx and soot because the combustion becomes more uniform throughout the cylinder without localized high-temperature areas and oxygen insufficiencies. Furthermore, injection and combustion close to top dead centre result in a highly-efficient diesel engine, in which a higher expansion ratio is obtained than in a high-compression-ratio diesel engine, thus meaning the engine can produce more force with a single stroke. Due to its low compression ratio, the maximum in-cylinder combustion pressure for this diesel engine is lower than other typical heavy diesels which allows for significant weight reduction through structural optimization, essentially lightening the engine where possible and reducing it's exterior dimensions. Because the stresses placed on the cylinder block by compression are much less than other diesels, the engine does not need to be engineered to withstand these forces and thus weight and exterior size can be shedded. Also due to the lower combustion ratio, internal componenets such as the crankshaft were also able to be adapted due to a lesser stroke being required. This in particular reduces mechanical friction by a considerable percentage. Because the internal components and the engine block have much less stress placed upon them, they are able to last longer than components of other diesel engines, which results in not only a more fuel efficient engine but also one which is more reliable.

There are only two primary problems that have been preventing the spread of low-compression-ratio diesels in modern applications regardless of their numerous advantages. The first is the fact that when the compression pressure is reduced, the compression temperature during cold operation is too low to cause combustion, which means the engine cannot be started. The second is the occurrence of misfiring during warm-up operation due to lack of compression temperature and pressure. Forza engineers decided that the problem of a reduced compression temperature could be fixed by simply altering the amount of fuel injected when the engine is starting, thus calling for a variable fuel injection system which would be electronically controlled. The newly adopted multi-hole piezo injectors allow for a wide variety of injection patterns and can inject fuel in increments of 10^-9 of a litre and at temepratures of up to 2000 bar. Precision in injection amount and timing increases the accuracy of mixture concentration control which means the engine can start in all conditions no matter how cold the temperature is. Ceramic Fast Glow Plugs developed by NGK also help the cold start capability. As opposed to a metal pin-type glow plug, the heating coil of a ceramic glow plug has an especially high melting point. It is also sheathed in silicon nitrite, an extremely robust ceramic material. The combination of the heating coil and ceramic sheath enable higher temperatures and extremely short preheat times due to excellent thermal conductivity. Also, ceramic glow plugs have a more compact design. This is important, because there is very little free space in today’s engines. NGK NHTC glow plugs achieve a temperature of 1,000°C in less than two seconds and can after-glow for more than ten minutes at temperatures of up to 1,350°C. Optimum combustion is ensured even at low compression ratios. In addition, the NHTC glow plug can glow intermediately to prevent cooling of the particle filter in deceleration phases. The commonrail fuel injector is capable of a maximum of 9 injections per combustion, injecting at up to 2000 bar in very precise amounts. Along with the three basic injections: pre-injection, main injection, and post-injection, different injection patterns will be set according to driving conditions which are controlled and governed automatically by the engine control unit. Definite engine-start even with a low compression ratio is attributable to this precise injection control and also the adoption of ceramic glow plugs. Any misfiring that may occur during warm-up operation after engine-start is prevented by adopting a variable valve timing system for the exhaust valves, similiar to the one seen on other Forza engines. From studying diesel engines, it was noted that just a single combustion cycle is sufficient for the exhaust gas temperature to rise. Given this, the exhaust valves are opened slightly during the intake stroke to regurgitate the hot exhaust gas back into the cylinder, which increases the air temperature. This promotes the elevation of compression temperature which in turn stabilizes ignition and greatly reduces if not eliminates the chance of a misfire.

Cylinder deactivation is used to reduce the fuel consumption and emissions of an internal combustion engine during light load operation. In typical light load driving the driver uses only around a quarter to a third of an engine’s maximum power. In these conditions, the throttle valve is nearly closed and the engine needs to work hard to draw air for combustion. This causes an inefficiency known as pumping loss. Some large capacity engines need to be throttled so much at light load that the cylinder pressure at the zenith of the cylinder is approximately half that of a small engine half the size. Low cylinder pressure means low fuel efficiency and fuel consumption begins to sky rocket. The use of cylinder deactivation at light load means there are fewer cylinders drawing air from the intake manifold which works to increase its fluid (air) pressure. Operation without variable displacement is wasteful because fuel is continuously pumped into each cylinder and combusted even though maximum performance is not required. By shutting down half of an engine's cylinders the amount of fuel being consumed is much less. Between reducing the pumping losses which increases pressure in each operating cylinder and decreasing the amount of fuel being pumped into the cylinders. Fuel consumption for large capacity Forza engines can be reduced by 20 to 35 percent in highway conditions. Cylinder deactivation is done by keeping the intake and exhaust valves closed for a particular cylinder once the cylinder is filled with fuel and oxygen. By keeping the intake and exhaust valves closed, it creates a spring effect in the combustion chamber – the trapped gases are compressed during the piston’s upstroke and push down on the piston during its downstroke. The compression and decompression of the trapped exhaust gases have an equalising effect; overall, there is virtually no extra load on the engine so the engine does not need to work harder. In this latest generation of cylinder deactivation systems, the engine management system is also used to cut fuel delivery to the disabled cylinders using Forza's Variable ValveTechnology (VVT). The transition between normal engine operation and cylinder deactivation is also smoothed using changes in ignition timing, cam timing and throttle position thanks to electronic throttle control and VVT.

The TriCharge induction system is a variant of Forza's Twincharger system; a single Roots-type Superchager is used to aspirate the engine at low RPM's with four Turbochargers, two operating in series for each bank of cylinders, aspirating the engine further down the rev-range. TwinCharging systems have a number of advantages over other forms of forced induction. Unlike Turbocharged engines, Twincharged engines do not experience turbo-lag, where the turbochargers are ineffective because they are not at operating speeds. This particular system is set up into three different stages which aspirate the engine according to their designated rpm range. The roots-type supercharger is the first stage of the aspiration system which produces 0.8 bar of boost. Superchargers are mechanically driven by the engine itself and do not rely on exhaust gas pressure to run unlike turbochargers, thus, superchargers provide full boost from idle speeds. The trade off to this is that superchargers require power from the engine to operate. Rather than to consume power from the engine, turbochargers are used to aspirate the engine in mid to high rpms. The first stage of turbocharger is tuned to provide 1.4 bar which while the second stage is tuned to produce 2.0 bar of boost. Because of the high exhaust pressures required to provide 2.0 bar, the second stage turbocharger does not activate until the engine is running high rpms and is able to provide the pressure required, thus leaving the first stage turbocharger to aspirate the engine throughout the mid-range. As each new stage of aspiration activates, the previous stage decouples itself from the system and no longer has any effect on power output. Unlike supercharged engines, twincharged engines can decouple the supercharger from the engine so that it won't drain power to operate while still maintaining boost from the turbochargers. The two forms of forced induction do not operate in parallel in a bid to avoid the extremely high manifold temperatures which would be produced by the supercharger blowing into the turbocharger. As such, the supercharger is decoupled as soon as the first set of turbochargers activate. The TwinCharger system alone allows the vehicle to have constant boost and thus give exceptional acceleration at all engine speeds; something crucial for a battlefield environment.

The Forza HybriDrive replaces a normal geared transmission with an electromechanical system. Because an internal combustion engine (ICE) delivers power best only over a small range of torques and speeds, the crankshaft of the engine is usually attached to an automatic or manual transmission by a clutch or torque converter that allows the driver to adjust the speed and torque that can be delivered by the engine to the torque and speed needed to drive the wheels of the car. For classification purposes, the gearbox can be described as an Electronic Continuously Variable Transmission, or EVT. The HybriDrive system replaces the gearbox, alternator and starter motor with a three-phase brushless alternator serving as a generator, two powerful motor-generators, a computerized shunt system to control the afforementioned devices, a mechanical power splitter that acts as a second differential, and a battery pack that serves as an energy reservoir. The motor-generator uses power from the battery pack to propel the vehicle at startup and at low speeds or under acceleration. The ICE may or may not be running at startup. When higher speeds, faster acceleration or more power for charging the batteries is needed the ICE is started by the motor-generator, acting as a starter motor. When the operator wants the vehicle to slow down the initial travel of the brake pedal engages the motor-generator into generator mode converting much of the forward motion into electrical current flow which is used to recharge the batteries while slowing down the vehicle. In this way the forward momentum regenerates or converts much of the energy used to accelerate the vehicle back into stored electrical energy. The sole purpose of the brushless alternator is to convert mechanical energy generated by the ICE and convert it into electrical energy which is stored in the battery pack. In addition, by regulating the amount of electrical power generated, the alternator also controls and regulates the transmission of the vehicle by changing the internal resistance of the alternator. The pair of motor generators drive the vehicle in tandem with the ICE. The two roles are not interchangeable. When the two motor generators are in operation, they create an extra 400kw of power between them. The mechanical gearing design of the system allows the mechanical power from the ICE to be split three ways: extra torque, extra rotation speed, and power for an electric generator. A computer program running appropriate actuators controls the systems and directs the power flow from the different engine and the electric motor sources. This power split achieves the benefits of a continuously variable transmission (CVT), except that the torque/speed conversion uses an electric motor rather than a direct mechanical gear train connection. The vehicle cannot operate without the computer, power electronics, battery pack and motor-generators, though in principle it could operate while missing the internal combustion engine. The transmission contains a planetary gear set that adjusts and blends the amount of torque from the engine and motors as it’s needed. Special couplings and sensors monitor rotation speed of each track and the total torque on the tracks, for feedback to the control computer.

Another alternative is . Following the path of the heavier AY1, the primary propulsion system of the AY2 is the Forza FB-12TSD, a twelve cylinder water-cooled powerplant, capable of a variety of different fuels, and is being boosted by a forced induction mechanism. At first, a six cylinder engine was considered as the powerplant, although this was discarded in favour of the twelve cylinder by Forza engineers. The VMK Bureau of Development and Research has previously designed its own engine designated towards the initial prototype of the heavier AY1 Serenity model. Further observation regarding Forza's apparent superiority in the field of engine development and propulsion has however altered the balance towards the proposed Forza engine considerably towards the use of the lighter AY2 project. As a result, and under the supervision and approval of the Anago-Yohannesian Imperial and Royal Bureau of Procurement, the Forza FB-12TSD engine was chosen as the primary propulsion system of the AY2 Tiger, and all its future variants. A week passed when Forza finally finalized the deal, and the Forza FB-12TSD was chosen and selected officially as the primary propulsion system of the AY2. For the AY2-1D King Tiger, Forza engineers sought to extract extra power and torque from the existing powerplant designed for the AY1 Serenity MBT without any significant re-design of the engine itself. The main reason for the immense power output of the Forza FB-12TSD engine is the teaming of it's high-boost forced induction system along with it's very high compression ratio. For a direct commonrail injected diesel engine, this version of the FB-12TSD posseses a ratio of 23.5:1, essentially meaning the engine compresses 2670 cubic centimetres of fuel and air mixture into 111 cubic centimetres in every cycle. The compression ratio was raised simply by extending the already long stroke of the existing FB-12TSD powerplant by 5mm. Because of this very high ratio, this called for the cylinder block to be manufactured with very thick cylinder walls in order to maintain it's structural integrity. Despite it's low displacement, the FB-12TSD weighs no less than a similarly powerful 45 litre engine although consuming much less fuel.

To further boost power, the maximum boost of the turbochargers was raised from 1.4 bar to 1.6 bar, which creates a significant increase in power when the turbochargers are active higher up the rev range, but due to the nature of a twincharger engine, makes no difference in low engine speeds due to the supercharger being the sole provider of forced induction. Combined, these two factors extract an additional 250kw over the existing 1500kw FB-12TSD engine, a 16% increase in power, for a total of 1750kw. Twelve cylinder engines are known surreptiously for their superb mechanical balance, a feature which most types of six cylinder engines lack without the existence of counterweights and their relative symmetry. Another factor which was being put into consideration was the issue of the engine's reliability itself. If a single piston was to fail and/or suffer any form of major damage within the previously mentioned six cylinder engine, approximately one sixth of the engine's power would be lost which would have a disastrous impact on performance. In a crucial tactical field of operation and counting the ever progressive anti-tank countermeasure capabilities of most of the present militaries, such a blow would result as a serious blow to the performance of the armoured fighting vehicle to maintain its operation effectively within its tactical field of combat zone. As the VMK Bureau of Research and Development, together with the assistance of the Forza engineers discovered however, if a cyclinder fails and/or is damaged within a twelve cyclinder engine, only one twelfth in approximation of the engine's power would be lost, and thereby providing a far lesser detraction from the armoured fighting vehicle's overall mobility within its tactical field of operation. The pistons are arranged in a boxer layout which is a layout seldom seen except for several high performance sports cars. A flat layout, which is more commonly seen, is near identical in appearence and theory to a boxer engine; there is still a 180 degree angle between the two seperate banks of pistons, however a boxer engine mounts two opposing pistons on two different crank pins as opposed to a flat engine which mounts two pistons on the same crank pin. Thus, a flat layout is best described as a 180 degree V engine and not a true boxer engine. Boxer engines are reknown for having superb balance and are unique in that a boxer engine does not require counter balances at all on the crank shaft as the engine has superb natural balance. This is further enhanced by the use of twelve cylinders. Boxers are so named because when one looks at the engine from down the crankshaft, the two banks of cylinders will appear to be boxing one another. The induction system is a variant of Forza's TwinCharger system; a single Roots-type Superchager is used to aspirate the engine at low RPM's with two Turbochargers, one for each bank of cylinders, aspirating the engine further down the rev-range. TwinCharging systems have a number of advantages over other forms of forced induction. Unlike Turbocharged engines, Twincharged engines do not experience turbo-lag, where the turbochargers are ineffective because they are not at operating speeds. Unlike supercharged engines, twincharged engines can decouple the supercharger from the engine so that it won't drain power to operate while still maintaining boost from the turbochargers. The two forms of forced induction do not operate in parallel in a bid to avoid the extremely high manifold temperatures which would be produced by the supercharger blowing into the turbocharger. As such, the supercharger is decoupled as soon as the turbocharger activates on the FB-12TSD. The TwinCharger system allows the AY2 to have constant boost and thus give exceptional acceleration at all engine speeds; something crucial for a battlefield environment.

The engine block itself is made from aluminium alloy, comprised of 11% silicon, 4% manganese and 0.5% magnesium. This Al-Alloy has a high thermal conductivity and hence is able to dissipate heat quicker than cast iron. Also, it leads more thermal efficiency, cooler running engines and are lighter thereby improving the overall vehicle’s operative characteristics. In total, the engine has a total displacement of 32,240 cubic centimetres or 32.24 Litres, which equates to 2.687 Litres per cylinder. This uprated version of the FB-12TSD, with its slightly higher compression ratio and increased boost pressure increased the specific output of the engine by 7kw per litre, up to 54kw/litre, which combines to form a total output of 1750kw. In addition to the primary powerplant, a secondary Auxiliary Power Unit is also provided. This APU is a four litre Inline four multi-fuel engine which provides 100kw of power. The APU can be used to slowly move the tank out of danger and power any high-priority electric systems should the primary powerplant fail, but is also used to provide power to move the main turret, reducing some of the strain on the primary powerplant. Exhaust fumes and gases are passed out the rear of the tank, through a double muffler and particle filter. Exhaust gases are diluted with outside air to reduce their heat signature. This is done by sucking air through a small inlet flush against the tank and mixing the cool outside air with the exhaust gases. Exhausted and outside air meet in a special Y tube, with a radiator being mounted on the stem of the Y, sucking air from both stems through to the exhaust.

The transmission in the AY2 is a specialized gearbox made for the armoured fighting vehicle especially. The Transmission, dubbed the 8GDCT, has eight forward gears and four reverse gears in a double clutch system. In Double Clutch Transmissions the two clutches are arranged concentrically with the larger outer clutch drives the odd numbered gears (1,3,5,7) whilst the smaller inner clutch drives the even numbered gears (2,4,6,8). Shifts can be accomplished without interrupting torque distribution to the driveshaft, by applying the engine's torque to one clutch at the same time as it is being disconnected from the other clutch. Since alternate gear ratios can pre-select an odd gear on one gear shaft whilst the vehicle is being driven in an even gear. This means the Double Clutch Gearbox can change gears much faster than any single clutch transmission and much more smoothly. The transmission is also responsible for splitting some of the engine power from the demand for mobility to power the multitude of electronics that make up the AY2. The transmission shifts gears automatically and is programmed to keep the tank in the optimum gear for the conditions being experienced. This, when matched with the wide torque band, gives the AY2 unparalleled mobility at any given engine speed. The 8GDCT also has an overtorque function which liberates an extra 400nm from the engine.

In summary, the HybriDrive system works by the brushless alternator feeding electric power to the battery pack where it is stored, before it is supplied to the two motor generators which rectify the electric energy into mechanical energy, where it is then used to drive the tracks. Furthermore, during normal operation the engine can be operated at or near its ideal speed and torque level for power, economy, or emissions, with the battery pack absorbing or supplying power as appropriate to balance the demand placed by the driver. During stoppages the internal combustion engine can be turned off for a greater fuel economy. Two other advantages are made possible by this set up. The first is "Stealth Mode," where the vehicle can travel at slow to medium speeds without using the ICE for power, thus running silently. This gives an assaulting force an enourmous advantage as an enemy will generally not be able to hear the AFV approaching, except over rough ground which would cause noise. However, the absence of an engine note will mean that the noise of the tracks on the ground alone will not alert the enemy to the presence of an AFV. In this mode, the alternator spins freely and the engine is de-coupled from the rest of the drivetrain. Stealth Mode can be run for up to fourty minutes or fifty kilometres running off the battery power. After this, the ICE will need to recharge the battery pack. The second is the "Overboost" function. When accelerating, the vehicle teams the powerful ICE with the pair of motor-generators to combine their power and torque, resulting in a huge boost to acceleration. The Overboost function can also be employed for the vehicle to act as a tug, by either pushing or pulling an otherwise immobile vehicle, up to an eighty tonne MBT, to a safer position. The drivetrain can also be programmed to switch off the ICE and rely soley on electric power when travelling for periods of time at constant speeds to conserve fuel. Although this doesn't do much to help fuel economy during combat manuevers, a great amount of fuel can be saved when the vehicle is (not sure how to word this part, basically whenever the tank is cruising but not in an area where the speed is likely to fluctuate greatly). In a world first for a tank, the ICE is fitted with a start/stop mode which automatically kills the engine when the engine comes to idle to conserve fuel further. If the engine is still set to "on," the driver simply needs to increase the throttle and the engine will quickly restart, or the engine will automatically restart when the reserve battery power dips below 10%.

Active Suspension

Towards the AY2 suspension designation, the internationally renown VLT was tasked with the development of an active hydropneumatic suspension system. Building on earlier experiences with the company's past active Hydropneumatic Vehicle System (HPVS), used on all recent VLT Group military vehicles, VLT developed an active hydropneumatic suspension system for the Anago-Yohannesian AY2. This system works with hydraulic cylinders, mounted behind every road wheel (thus, 7 on each side). The cylinders have been connected with each other along the length of the vehicle, together with nitrogen-filled hydraulic accumulators. If a roadwheel hits a bump, the nitrogen is compressed by the hydraulic oil inside the hydraulic unit, if the wheel then returns to the normal driving situation, the nitrogen will expand once again to return the suspension to normal circumstances. A constant hydropneumatic suspension with onboard damping is thus available. The system, however, is progressive, which means that the system can take into account the type of terrain the AY2 is currently on, as well as differences in weight. As the hydropneumatic cylinders are only connected length-wise, the suspension left and right has essentially been separated, which means that all wheels will have equal ground pressure in uneven terrain, dividing the ground pressure more evenly over the tracks. A downside of the lengthwise cylinder connection is that a vehicle would be likely to nose-dive during braking or lean backwards during acceleration.

To combat this, the VLT HPVS system of the AY2 is equipped with a computer that can measure pitch, roll, acceleration and deceleration in both lateral and longitudinal directions, as well as various other variables in relation to the actions of the driver and the condition of the surface. The computer, also connected to several gyroscopes, can thus monitor the movements of the vehicle, and anticipate and act upon changes in the suspension level by reducing or increasing the level of hydraulic fluid in specific cylinders or in all cylinders, through a central pump with a reservoir for hydraulic fluid. The driver also has the ability to make the tank kneel or tilt to one side, but can also choose to lower or higher the entire suspension, thus allowing the tank to reduce its silhouette by being lower, or having more ground clearance in a higher suspension setting. The body computer also knows when the gun is discharged, and the system will move to counteract the recoil of the system to make sure the tank will remain stable. The cylinders used in this system have very few moving parts, meaning they require little maintenance, and will not require replacement often. The system itself is light, reliable and relatively small, and ready for a long service life, and should replacement be necessary, a mechanic can mount a new cylinder unit (which can be ordered complete or in parts, with complete units only requiring basic mechanical skill to mount into the hull and connect the hydraulic tubing). Also, the HPVS system is, in soldier terminology, idiot-proof by being able to withstand the extra stresses of exceeding the maximum weight of the vehicle. All cylinders are encapsulated in armoured units behind armoured skirts, protecting the system from being damaged. Should one of the cylinders be damaged, despite these protection measures, the central body computer of the suspension system can detect a leak in the system and shut off the leaking cylinders by closing valves. This prevents a leak from draining the system and allows the AY2 to continue, despite damage to the suspension system, as long as the tracks themselves have not been damaged, and the system has several additional features, such as the crosswise stabilization of the vehicle that takes place automatically under a speed of 3 km/h. If necessary, the driver can also engage it at speeds above this limit.

The stabilization system makes sure that the hull and turret of the vehicle remain as level as possible while the vehicle itself is at a side slope. This is done by locking the cylinders of the suspension in a level position on one side of the vehicle. This prevents the vehicle from tipping over, making it easier to cross steep side slopes. Also, there is a system on board that stabilizes the vehicle in corners, to reduce vehicle roll. This is done by temporarily deactivating the hydropneumatic suspension in high-speed corners, reducing the rolling movement caused by the suspension system. If necessary, the system can also be turned off by the driver or commander. Next to these features, HPVS also offers a vehicle weight indicator, making it easy to remind the driver or commander of the weight of the vehicle. Also, a system has been installed that can keep the vehicle completely level when standing still, as long as the slope the vehicle is on is not too extreme. All in all, the VLT Automotive HPVS system for the AY2 has established a drastic increase upon the AY2's mobility, even under rough terrain conditions, whilst maintaining crew comfort and gun accuracy due to the superior stabilization the active hydropneumatic suspension offers. The development of HPVS-MBT for the AY2 has reaffirmed VLT's superiority in the field of military vehicle suspensions, with the introduction of its hydropneumatic vehicle system (HPVS).

Posts · by **Yohannes** » Tue Apr 19, 2011 5:25 pm

Electronics

As in the case of commonality most associated with the Yohannesian Wehrmacht, the exact characteristic can be found upon the upgraded AY2-1G variant of the AY2 series. The AY2 and its variants' fire control system is that of the Yohannesian AYTRACK advanced fire control system, following the Yohannesian VMK Bureau of Procurement and Development's tradition, and is all its application an equal of the heavier AY1 'Serenity' model's AYTRACK fire control system and electronics. AYTRACK as its associated networking and sensory system was conceptualised and developed by the VMK Bureau of Development and Technological Research Committee to provide state-of-the-art Yohannesian armoured fighting vehicle with the ability to engage hostile mobile targets on the move flawlessly, and thereby increasing its power projectile accuracy and capacity's scope of operational effectiveness and capability within the immediate field of tactical surrounding. With the seemingly unending and ever increasing cold hostility between the multiple present major powers internationally, military development and advancement of research, that within the field of armoured warfare included, has progressed by leap and bound. With the successful development of various multi-day and night twenty-four hour laser ranging sights and the existence of accurate digital tracking target acquisition computer electronics being regarded upon as the future edge over that of raw firepower and armour of an armoured fighting vehicle alone. The VMK Bureau of Development and Technological Research has noted that the development of these computerised systems has reached a level whereby its digital processing capacities were able to accurately track its target on the field of battle, day and night and under some of the most undesirable mobile vibration and situational environmental conditions, to be worrying. And therefore the development of a remotely controlled weaponry networking systems ignoring all its necessary developmental characteristics cost was initiated with great haste, as the VMK Bureau of Procurement and Technology Research has realised that the Kingdom of Yohannes was well behind in terms of its domestic military development to that of other major powers within its rank, categorically regarded as it was as a financial and monetary exchange country, or more simply as an economic powerhouse only, and not a military powerhouse. The AYTRACK was therefore, developed as a direct result of these developments in its developers' mind.

At the most basic level, AYTRACK features electro-optical techniques and electronics which enable the vehicle's gunner to considerably increase the gun's first-strike hit capability in terms of its probability, by measuring automatic error input and replace the value with a post-entered correctional azimuth and elevation signals. These factors will then be recorded into the computer to calculate elevation and lateral co-ordinate position of the gun, which will then automatically invalidate the previously programmed value, drastically increasing the gunner's first hit probability upon the target. Further to increase the AY2-1G's lethality, AYTRACK incorporate a two-axis integral laser range-finder line of stabilised gunner sight, together with a missile guidance information processing capacity and a compensatory automatic drift device. Its gun sight features the application of an Anago-Yohannesian XD1-04 computerised controlled targeting mark, or more specifically a range marking, graticule-calibrated application within its sub-systems, with the capability to point its associated gun's specific form of ammunitions, in conjunction to the axis of the corresponding armoured fighting vehicle's gun barlolel specification. The VMK AG Bureau of Development and Technological Research however identified a certain flaws within the aforementioned system, in which the condition of a constant parameter value could not be achieved in some cases, despite multiple-fix error re-programming, and the revelation that upon the conclusion of a successful target hit, a departure from the aforementioned graticule marking range would be needed in regard to the amount of cumulative variation input identified within the system's parameter. However, recent development has made the discovery whereby the situation in which a range of standard ballistic value, complete with the gun's elevation rate and a computerised arrangement of correlation in regard to the range between the corresponding armoured fighting vehicle to its target possible, consequently propelling the VMK Bureau of Development and Technological Research to develop these additional features towards AYTRACK to further increase its lethality and countermeasure these previous disturbing setbacks. With the ability to utilise an improved graticulated sight, the VMK Bureau of Research and Technological Development team had decided to initiate the programming of an enhanced computer system which will effectively arrange and provide the appropriate range of ballistic effectiveness value to further provide the AYTRACK corresponding armoured fighting vehicle's crews with the ability to calculate the right specification of the corresponding gun elevation exaction, which would be most effectively be initiated upon by the appropriate circumstance's choice of ammunition range involved regarding the differing situation within the immediate field of operational range. The crews will now be able to pre-programme the computer to change the exact type of ammunition needed for the right circumstance, and pending the relatively correct input given in regard to the condition only however, in which the parameter of the gun's atmosphere and barlolel are at the right set value, the AYTRACK will then be able to automatically provide an accurate target hit value in exaction. The fire control system's field of view consists of a kinetic energy stadiametric ranging scale, fragmentary high explosive and chemical energy ammunition information and statistics input, designated as it was as an effective Anago-Yohannesian secondary range finding method in case of an unexpected emergency. The system unable the gunner of its corresponding armoured fighting vehicle to accurately and smoothly track and verified its target within its scope of operational range tactically. Further aiding AYTRACK is the X1A-AY GPS sub-system.

The Yohannesian X1A-AY GPS (global positioning system) system of navigation is included to calculate and determine the armoured fighting vehicle's gun barlolel position, and it collected its informational input and surrounding visible surface and statistical data within a state-of-the-art light modulating LCD (liquid crystal display) screen. The X1A-AY is able to give the AYTRACK's corresponding armoured fighting vehicle the ability to observe its immediate surrounding operational condition tactically, and to present a rough and general outline of the vehicle's environmental and physical surrounding. Vehicular radio data furthermore link the corresponding vehicle to the AYTRACK immediate fire control command, which will allow the aforementioned vehicle to initiate its operation upon independent fire-strike missions rapidly once the system has delivered the collected position data of the target. The X1A-AY GPS sub-system further serve to reduce the chance of friendly formational casualties by utilising a Yohannesian X10-A BCIS (battlefield combat identification system). Once the target within the input of the main AYTRACK screen is located within an ideal, if not suitable range of interception, the gunner will then be able to fire the gun by pressing a launch section located within the computerised LCD screen. The development of the AYTRACK fire control system has considerably altered the main disadvantage of the previous heavier AY1 'Serenity''s initial prototype model upon production, which utilised a more basic fire control computing programme, and AYTRACK further enhanced the effectiveness of the AY2. The gun sight of the AYTRACK fire control system is also locked in conjunction with its telescopic axis sight, providing a parallel combined gun system, with one set of azimuthally drives and set of elevation, and another set of azimuthally sensors and elevation rate, assisted by the utilisation of a gyroscope gun stabilisation system which further enhanced the associated system's elevation and lateral sensor capability, and in finality, considerably altered the capability of the system to control its corresponding armoured fighting vehicle's gun line of sight. The AYTRACK fire control system features a gunner's operated thermal imaging sight as well as a commander's active control and monitor panel, allowing both of the commander and gunner to retroactively detect, engage, and verified targets at long range, with a high rate of accuracy, and under some of the most unfavourable weather conditions within the battlefield and tactical scope of operation. AYTRACK in general is divided by two stages in which the commander can select either a low-resolution imagery to identify minor threat, to be followed if necessary by an infra-red, high resolution and radar integrated imagery to provide a more thorough analysis of the target's position, and range. An AYTRACK sub-system commander-operated anti-aircraft sight allows the commander of the AY2 to subsequently engage air targets by utilising the AY2's AY02-MG from within the safety of its turret. AYTRACK's internally operated target acquisition networking and management systems, infrared and laser ranging controlled data are initiated by controlling its stabilised networking, gunner-operated device to automatically aim the AY2's main gun towards any visible mobile and stationary target, with a twenty four hour day and night capability coverage, providing an accurate ballistic elevation and azimuth offset field position whilst providing a systematic informational gathering input essential upon the accuracy and capability of an effective modern fire control system. By utilising the features of a combined sensors sight, in conjunction with its application internally within the AYTRACK computerised fire control system, the AY2 has acquired the ability to effectively countermeasure the ever-growing air threats coming from opposing enemy air support aircraft and ground projectile threat, in finality targeting the aforementioned threat from within its combined sensors sight, and thereby to aim its power projectile capability against the aforementioned threat.

The VMK Bureau of Acquisition and Application Management has recently observed as the availability and discovery of state-of-the-art sensors, combined with a range of previously unavailable micro electronics and computerised development has made the realisation of an advanced multi-threat targeting sight enveloped together within a unitary sensor, possible. After two years of developmental research and quantum, the VMK Head of Procurement and Development Research, Dr. Siti Subrono has decided that the incoming AY2 project, alongside the heavier AY1, would utilise the aforementioned technology, thereby increasing the armoured fighting vehicle's direct projectile effectiveness and surveillance platform capability against opposing rotorcraft, land-based power projectile threat, and of course, hostile combat personnel. Utilising the latest AYD0B active ballistic computer, the system features the ability to automatically verified angular crosswind and target speed input, course angle, and target range. AYD0B ABC act as a mean of informational input firing statistics data storing within the AYTRACK, and is mainly processed to approximately determine and track ballistic informational data, in-between that of the already stored information and the main collectible data. The flexibility of the AYD0B active computer system enable the AY2's personnel to manually utilise the system's ability to track the associated ambient air temperature and barlolel wear air pressure, and the ability to calculate with accuracy the necessary time that high-explosive, fragmentary projectile controlled detonation should be initiated over an identified and verified target. The AYD0B computerised system detected multiple ballistic ammunition and projectile types, and its categorised informational input includes the verified target's drift signals, flight time, and super-elevation. AYD0B computer system operates by utilising a large collection of several sub-channels which will then transmit the collected operational data through several wires simultaneously, and used together in conjunction with an adjustable first operational amplifier which indicate with striking accuracy and precision the information and range of the tracked and verified target.

Crew Compartment and Comfort

Commonality and Yohannesian systems tradition has also seen the AY2's utilisation of the AY1 Serenity's AY09 AFEDSS (AY09 Automatic Fire and Explosion Detection and Suppression System). AY09 AFEDSS is a fully automatic combat operational detection, control, and suppression system, instantaneous and flexibly adjustable to that of a normal and combat mode setting, to be altered as to the circumstances involved within the operational and tactical surrounding of the AY2. The development was a result of the then requirement essentially needed by the Yohannesian Wehrmacht following its poorly planned participation within the Santa Serrifian territorial sovereignty during the Santa Serriffe Civil War of 1981, when the proportionally needless casualties as a result of the Santa Serriffan rebel faction detachments' utilisation and initiation of its collective HEAT (High Explosive Anti-Tank) weapon rounds upon the rank of its operational opposing Yohannesian formations tactically. Therefore some of the utmost requirements needed by the Imperial & Royal Army following a lengthy general staff debate were the increasing survivability chance of its crew and vehicle, and the availability of an add-on modular design, which consequently enable the factors of commonality and interchange-ability between combat vehicles of the Wehrmacht. Various cases were experienced upon whereas a sizeable number of Yohannesian tank crews were either injured or killed when the aforementioned crews' respective vehicles was damaged, and enveloped in fire. The primary reason behind the AY09 AFEDSS's development by the VMK Bureau of Design Committee was solely based by virtue upon the AY09's potency to provide a projectile penetration combat protection to AY2's three crews and engine on the battlefied by instantly discharging and suppressing fire and/or explosions. AY09 AFEDSS also features the ability to detect the rise and fall of temperatures within the compartment of the engine by utilising an overheat wire detector, systematically detect and verified a first-degree pressure shock-capable explosion and/or fire within 3.1 ms and suppress it within 100 ms, by utilising its optical fire detection and protection system against HEAT and/or KE (kinetic energy) round penetration, and an operational dual mode automatic status indicator which systematically provide a backing capability in the event of a major malfunctioning of the system. Furthermore, the AY2 features a central air cooled crew compartment system and a liquid heater based on the engine to accommodate the crew compartment with heating during any possible operations conducted within the period of winter season, which additionally reduce the AY2's engine heat signature based system. An NBC protected water tank sub-system is also connected to the liquid heater, which can be used for the AY2 crew's necessary personal use of cold and/or hot waters in time of need. The presence of easily-accessible small armaments storage within the AY2's turret is designated towards the respective crew members' defensive need on the likelihood of any unfavourable scenarios, and a higher rate of survivability was reached by significantly reducing vehicular exposure and pressure shock with the application of AYX47-B1 fibreoptic connections towards the AY2-1G's electronics.

Posts · by **Yohannes** » Wed Apr 20, 2011 12:57 am

To : Representative of Trekóúm Marigerseir.
From : Alice Williams. Governmental entity representative. VWK AG.
Subject : AY1 MBT.

Dear sir and/or madam

This letter has reached your desk for your order upon the acquisition of ten AY1 Serenity main battle tank has been accepted. The total cost of the aforementioned battle system order is US$138,000,000.00 (one hundred and thirty eight million universal standard dollar). The fund is to be wired electronically to the VMK AG's account at Yohannesische Bundesbank, or any other alternative of banking institutions of your represented entity's own choosing.

Protocol of the VMK AG has stated that while any future modification made by your represented entity, once the battle system has been cleared, granted, and payment wired, would be categorically regarded as that of your represented entity's full right(s).

As to be noted however, that VMK AG will not and shall not accept any blame and/or responsibility for any possibility of performance and technical problems associated with any modification made by your represented entity upon the aforementioned order of ten AY1s.

The said addition of battle system order shall be concluded by approximately two days' time, to be delivered safely and in-full by the associated Anago-Yohannesian K.u.K.Kriegsmarine Oceanic Maritime Trading Co., to the designated major port within the territorial sovereignty of Guiana Arpeso.

We gratefully thank you for your interest, and we would love to hear more from you, and your represented entity in the future. Feel free to inquire more whenever deemed as such by your represented entity, sir and/or madam. We hope that the aforementioned battle system order will be met with satisfaction by your represented entity.

Cordially

Governmental entity representative

VMK (OOC: Historical)

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