The Role of YN's Head of State

[Croxoco]

In Croxoco, His Majesty the King serves as the Head of State and the legal fount of all authority and honour within the state. In practice however, the Kingdom of Croxoco is a Parliamentary Democracy with Cabinet Government. Unlike other Constitutional Monarchies, there is no seperate Head of Government or 'Prime Minister' in Croxoco, with the King himself taking the active role of chairing the government. This is because, under the Constitution, the Government is composed of the King and his ministers; it is one, inseperable and indivisible. This would appear to grant the King considerable powers. In reality, the King is always in public agreement with his ministers (though he may privately disagree) as those ministers, though appointed by the King, enjoy the support and confidence of Parliament, the democratically elected legislature of the people. This leaves the King with the following powers:

-Summons, prorogation and dissolution of Parliament (subject to Parliamentary Approval).
- Grant, Deferral (to the Supreme Court) and Refusal of Royal Assent to Laws passed by Parliament
- Appointment (subject to Parliamentary Approval) and Dismissal of Ministers
- Chairing all Cabinet Meetings
- To Advise Ministers and be Consulted by them on the affairs of State
- Granting honours under the Croxoconian Honours System
- On the Advice of the Foreign Minister, corresponding with foreign Heads of State

[Reino do Brazil]

His Majesty The King,

- He appoints the PM based on the result of the general election that happens every 4 years.
- He opens Parliament and delivers the crown Speech as suggested by the Government.
- He is the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces (honorific)
-Laws gain force after royal accent.
-The King assures that the Constitution is being followed.
-The King embodies the unity of the diversity of the country in the Crown.
- The King may grant honorific nobility titles at will.
-The King may grant amnesty.

[Sebourg]

The Princess is the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end. Period.

Seriously, our monarchs wield a great deal of legislative and judicial power. Unlike in other European states like Britain or France, they were able to carry on their absolutism unchanged, for the reason that Sébourg is a tiny non-influential microstate to the likes of Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino.

Powers held by the Princess of Sébourg (non-exhaustive):

• Appoint or remove public servants
• Form or disband government agencies
• Pass, modify, or repeal laws
• Overrule the decision of any court
• Detain or imprison individuals without trial
• Issue pardons and commutations
• Command the armed forces and police
• Approve or reject international agreements
• Anything else she pleases

[Gandoor]

Unlike in most countries operating under parliamentary systems of government, the Prime Minister of Gandoor serves as the head of state in addition to the head of government, in a system which is sometimes described as a fusion of a parliamentary and presidential system of government.

As a result of this situation, there are no specific roles or powers relating to their position as either the head of state or the head of government, they simply have their roles and powers relating to their position as Prime Minister overall.

The Prime Minister is:
- the Head of the Cabinet
- the Head of the Domestic Council
- the Head of the Security Council
- the Commander-in-Chief of the National Military
- Responsible for the appointment of judges to the High Court [the Forum recommends judges to appoint, although the Prime Minister is not necessarily required to appoint those who are recommended, but it is considered proper procedure to do so]
- Must sign legislation passed by the Forum in order for it to pass into law [can also refuse to sign legislation, which will prevent it from passing unless 60% of the Forum votes to sign it in lieu of the PM]
- Responsible for proposing declarations of war to the Forum [under the Constitution, while the Prime Minister can propose war due to their role as Commander-in-Chief, only the Forum can execute a declaration of war and formally begin a military operation, in order to maintain the full civilian control over the military]
- While not a member of the legislature [being required to resign when appointed Prime Minister], they give a State of the Nation Address to the Forum at the beginning of each new session during which they state their Government's goals until the session ends
- Can issue pardons or commute a sentence for any crime except for treason against the Government of the Democratic Republic

[The Great-German Empire]

The Emperor of the Germans has the following powers:

(Note: Bundesrat is Upper House of state reps, Reichstag is elected lower house)

-May publish Imperial Decrees (akin to Executive Orders)
-May open and adjourn Reichstag and Bundesrat sessions, but only at their request
-May appoint or dismiss Reich Chancellor (said Chancellor may also be deposed via Reichstag-only no confdence
-May veto any parliamentary motion, or force a referendum on the matter (both can be overridden with 2/3 majority)
-May override Bundesrat rejection of a Reichstag law
-May dissolve Reichstag and force a parliamentary vote if a government formation is unlikely or unproductive
-Has exclusive jurisdiction over the Foreign Office and the War Office, and a degree of control over Reichstag committees relating to the same
-May grant amnesty
-Is commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces
-May confer ceremonial noble titles and grant awards
-May authorize or prohibit building of military bases, installations and the like as long as Reichstag-approved budget is not overrun

And some other powers I probably forgot because I'm worse than Araki

[Aikoland]

The Emperor or Empress of Aikoland has the following powers and authorities:
- Appoints the leader of the largest party in the Chamber of Deputies (lower chamber of Parliament) to the office of Prime Minister (constitutionally, the Prime Minister could also come from the Senate, but no one has come from that chamber of Parliament since Emmanuel Aveline left office in 1906)
- Formally appoints the members of the Prime Minister's Cabinet after they have been approved by the Chamber of Deputies to form His or Her Majesty's Government
- Is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces
- Formally opens and dissolves both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate (there are different electoral schedules for both chambers of Parliament: elections for the Chamber of Deputies occur six years following the previous election or earlier if a motion of no-confidence passes and Her Majesty's Government does not resign or earlier if 75% of Deputies vote in favour of an early dissolution; elections for the Senate occur every two years with 1/3 of the Senate going up for election each time) (The sovereign formally retains the authority to dissolve both chambers of Parliament and force a simultaneous election at-will, although no sovereign has done so since Empress Jeanne II dissolved Parliament in 1903)
- Delivers an annual Speech from the Throne to a joint session of Parliament
- Grants royal assent to all laws (can also refuse to grant royal assent, but no sovereign has done so since Emperor Auguste II, who famously refused to grant assent to the law passed by the United Assembly under duress dissolving Aikoland and integrating it into the French Empire in 1812)
- May grant amnesty
- May confer titles of nobility or awards to citizens of Aikoland, including the creation of new titles of nobility at will

[An Islamic World]

The President is both head of state and head of government and he has effectively unlimited powers as he can dissolve Parliament at will and govern without them.

[The MilkyWay]

The head of state, or our leader, is mostly there as a representative. They have just as much power as people, but are put there to represent and lead the Human Race.

[Vespertia]

The queen acts like the president of a republic.

[New Rothera]

-

[The Ktathrian Empire]

The Ktathrian Emperor/Empress is the head of state and has total control over the legislative process, deployment of the armed services, fiscal governance of the Empire and indeed basically everything else. Emperors sometimes appoint viceroys and such to control economic minutae that they can't personally be bothered with, but that's entirely at their own discretion.

[Kynor]

The Kynoran head of state is the Emperor. Their power is absolute and they have supreme authority over the empire and its military as the Emperor is also the Supreme Commander of the Imperial armed forces of Kynor.

[Quebec-Libre]

That depends on what government, as we're in a civil war (yeet.)

In the Quebec Government, the Kasulist Autarchy of Quebec, there are literally 2 position, The Patriarch and the Autarch. The Patriarch is the head of state but does practically nothing. The Autarch on the other hand has nearly absolute powers. Raises taxes, Abolish the last weak string of democracy, round up minorities, erect concentration-like camps, you name it, he likely already did it twice.

In the Rochelleville (RL Victoria, British Columbia) Government, it's more complicated than that.

There's an emperor, a President, And a Prime Minister. How does that work?

Well, The Emperor is the Head of State. He holds the right to appoint or dismiss the Prime Minister, who is his direct representative at the Imperial Diet (Upper House) and National Assembly (Lower House) meetings. He can also dismiss the President, but he has to call for a referendum within the populace to do so. His Highness has the right to mandate the arrestation of everyone in the Upper Criminal Record List (UCREL), which includes murderers, arsonists, traitors to the state and other extreme crimes, without consulting the Judiciary Branch. He can Veto against proposed laws, propose new ones, abolish current ones, and lastly, The Emperor can Dismiss the Upper House, as they are not elected but chosen by the President.

[Zhouran]

Following a unique Zhouranese form of stratocracy, the head of state of the People's Republic of Zhouran is the President of the State Presidium. The responsibilities of the President is tied to the State Presidium, a small-but-powerful political body that guides the Supreme Assembly, thus the President has oversight of legislation and decision-making in the Supreme Assembly. However, since the Zhouranese have always preferred collective leadership over autocracies, the President of the State Presidium does not have total control since leadership power is equally shared with the Premier of the Central Council (head of government) and Chairman of the People's Defense Council (head of military).

[TURTLESHROOM II]

The Great Bountiful Empire of TurtleShroom is a constitutional monarchy, specifically described as "semi-constitutional", as royal power continues to actually exist. The three Tsars of TurtleShroom, acting collectively as the legal person of the Crown of TurtleShroom, maintain actual power.

The Crown's most important job is its exercise of veto power. The Crown can, at any time, call the Congressional Duma to convene when it's not in regular session, and while the Crown can directly propose bills in the legislature, they cannot pass laws or actually enact bills without Congress. When Congress passes a bill, it goes to the Crown for Royal Assent. Royal Assent requires two of the three Tsars to sign it, which requires the bill to be stamped by the Imperial Seal. It is now law. If two of the three Tsars reject the bill, the bill is vetoed and is then dead. Congress cannot override an imperial veto.

In addition, all drug courts and courts dealing with marriage law and divorce are directly appointed by the Crown or are delegated by the Crown to someone else to appoint them. The Judgemaster of TurtleShroom serves as both Speaker of the Congressional Duma and Chief Justice of the High Imperial Court. All other empire-level (national/confederal) judges in TurtleShroom are directly elected by the citizens of the Empire.

As with Congress and parishonal legislatures, the Crown has the authority to grant noble titles, both hereditary and honorary, at is pleasure. The principle noble title in TurtleShroom is Boyar, which comes with special sumptuary privileges, a special outfit with hat, and representation in nobleman councils on the imperial and parishonal level. The Crown cannot revoke Congressional or parishonal titles.

The Crown and Congress can also grant special charters to plots of land and towns, making them either an Imperial Boyardom or Imperial Free City. This requires one or more of the following: the consent of Congress, or the consent of the parish, or the consent of the population living in the proposed location.

Areas with an Imperial Boyar Charter or an Imperial Free City Charter are accountable directly to the Crown and are considered sovereign, private, and separate from their home parish. Charters are not required to hold any form of election for lawmaking or executive power and do not have to have a legislature, but they are required to have either a directly elected judiciary or submit to the judiciary of their former Parish. Once granted, a Charter can only be revoked by Congress, and even then, only for a reason outlined by law. Common reasons for revocation of a Charter include peasant oppression, corruption, or denial of due process to the peasantry. On the imperial level, only certain officials can arrest a Boyar or Burger Master. Parish officials cannot arrest those in Charter lands.

[Charellia]

The Chief Executor, as the name might suggest, is the chief officer of the executive branch and has considerable influence over national policy, being able to issue directives to the military, law enforcement and the civil service within the confines of the law. The constitution is intentionally vague about the extent of the Chief Executor's powers, leaving them to the National Council to define based on the needs of the day. Among the Chief Executor's current powers are the delegation of various aspects of governance to cabinet officials and the appointment of senior civil servants and diplomatic officials. The Chief Executor can veto any judicial appointment made by the Head of the National Council, although this is rare. The Chief Executor must also give assent to any bills passed by the National Council. Although they can refuse assent to bills that they don't feel are in the national interest, this does not constitute a formal veto. The bills remain passed, and can be implemented by any future Chief Executor. Additionally, the Chief Executor has the power to pardon anybody accused or convicted of a crime.

On a day-to-day basis, however, the Chief Executor's role pertains primarily to setting government policy and managing the affairs of state.

Although the Chief Executor has extensive power over the executive branch, the Head of the National Council has the authority to charge them with misgovernment if they appear to be abusing it. This charge, if supported by 2/3 of the National Council will result in the Chief Executor being removed from office and an impromptu election called. To date this mechanism has only been used three times.

[Purpuriae]

The Queen of Purpuria enjoys a cult-like following among her loyal subjects, and she loves every minute of it. To go against her would be an unimaginable sacrilege and detractors frequently end up dead or missing, especially if they're high-profile officials.

[Raikus]

The Prince of Raikusa is the head of state and the head of government. As sovereign, he has significant political powers, although under the present Constitution he has delegated most of these to the Cabinet and the Legislative Council. No treaty, international agreement will bind the country without it being ratified by the Prince. No bill becomes a law unless with the assent of the Prince. If a bill from the Legislative Council is vetoed, the bill is defeated. The Prince appoints a majority of the senior officials in government. Although the Chief Minister and the other senior officials of the executive branch belong to the ruling party of the Legislative Council, it is the Prince who decides whom to appoint. The Prince is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, all soldiers swear allegiance to him. The Prince has the power to declare war and make peace, subject only to the requirement that the Legislative Council must be notified of such declaration within 48 hours. He can grant amnesties, pardons and commute sentences.

[Pacomia]

The Premier is both the head of government and head of state. Similarly to a U.S. president, the premier has pretty much no ceremonial duties as head of state, this being seen as a pointless tradition.

[UIS Leviathan]

Captain James W. Richard acts as the Admiral of the fleet. His job is to ensure the survival and success of the fleet, and to make sure everyone will be able to get home.
Simple on paper, harder in practice.

[Shalotte]

The Domnaeni of Shalotte is a hereditary monarch, first formed in 109 A.D. when the five major clans of Shalotte sought to unify the islands after centuries of periodic inter-clan warfare. Intended to be both a unifier and a ruler, the Domnaeni possesses supreme authority over all matters, and, since being given a permanent seat on the Draeryn in 203 A.D., has a degree of control over spiritual matters too.

Domnaeni are the highest court of appeal in Shalotte, and can (theoretically, at least, if not in practice) pass laws arbitrarily. The Domnaeni must approve all land transfers, making Shalotte technically a feudal state, and grants permission for all Shalottes to live and work within the archipelago. She can also bestow citizenship upon any individual at her discretion. In matters spiritual, she is regarded as a permanent member of the Draeryn, giving her a say in all decisions relating to religious conduct and canon, and she can both officiate and annul marriages. The latter is something that Domnaeni have rarely involved themselves in; on the rare occasion when a Domnaeni has conducted a marriage, it has been considered one of the highest honours any Shalotte can receive.

The authority of the Domnaeni is absolute, and this is an inherent function of the title, meaning that she is, technically, both head-of-state and head-of-government.

However, for the last couple of centuries, modern Domnaeni have concerned themselves more with the spiritual and emotional, rather than political, leadership of the nation, often describing Shalottes as 'their children' and being described in turn as 'mothers of the people'. While technically retaining the full breadth of their political power, they leave the democratically-elected Gaeltyn to govern 'in trust', having devolved many of their powers to them, and only intervening when absolutely necessary - such as in rare cases of corruption or demonstrable incompetence.

The Gaeltyn is now chiefly responsible for governance, and while they must still seek Domnaeni approval to pass laws, in modern times this has become little more than a formality. The Domnaeni retains the right to dissolve her Gaeltyn and/or dismiss its leaders, but outside of elections (when the Gaeltyn is traditionally dissolved to make way for the next) she exercises this right only in cases of crisis. The last Domnaeni to dissolve the Gaeltyn outside of elections was Braé IV, in 1975, when the incumbent Mon'gaeltyn was found to be corrupt and refused to stand down. Braé IV stripped the Mon'gaeltyn of his title, sending in her Executors to ensure his compliance, dissolved the Gaeltyn, and issued a new Call of the Tyrrns (the Shalotte term for elections), which technically left her in charge of the country until a new Gaeltyn was formed two months later.

The most notable power the Domnaeni continues to exercise regularly is her power to resolve inter-clan disputes. One of the original functions of the title, intractable disagreements between clans - particularly the major clans - continue to be resolved by Domnaeni rulings, which all clans (including Selgovae, her own clan) must abide by.

[Bagong Luzon]

As absolute monarch, His Philippine Majesty is both Head of State and Head of Government, wielding absolute political power. Among his responsibilities are (not exhaustive):

1. Appoint or remove public officials at the Royal Level
2. Form, modify, or disband government agencies
3. Pass, modify, or repeal laws
4. Overrule the decision of the Royal Supreme Court
5. Issue pardons and commutations
6. Assume command of the Royal Armed Forces of New Luzon
7. Approve or reject international agreements

While as absolute monarch, King Ferdinand II is entitled to rule the Kingdom as he pleases, in practice he delegates power to local officials; in 2008, those local officials became the aristocracy.

[Great Nortend]

The King holds numerous roles and wields numerous powers as Sovereign of the Realm of Nortend, Cardoby and Hambria. These include, inter alia:
1. Wielding legislative power through Parliament, proclamations and orders.
2. Wielding executive power through his ministres and officers.
3. Wielding prerogative power.
4. Wielding judicial power through judgments of his justices.
5. Wielding temporal power as feudal lord paramount over certain tracts of land.
6. Wielding ecclesiastical power as Governour of the Church and Vicar of Christ.
7. Wielding military power as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces and Fleet.

Of these seven traditional powers, the prerogative is the one most commonly exercised by the King himself. This encompasses a wide range of miscellaneous powers, including, inter alia, the power to:

1. Appoint ministres and privy counsellours
2. Create peers of the realm
3. Assent to legislation
4. Enter into international treaties and conventions
5. Declare war
6. Summon Parliament
7. Prorogue Parliament
8. Dissolve Parliament
9. Remove ministres and privy counsellours
10. Appoint royal justices
11. Remove royal justices
12. Grant mercy to those convicted
13. Do justice unto all
14. Dispense with laws in general
15. Suspend laws
16. Levy taxation
17. Sentence to death
18. Raise a militia
19. Command attendance at court
20. Expel a tenant
21. Appoint bishops
22. Remove bishops, prelates and clergymen

Despite the existence of these royal prerogatives, the convention that successive monarchs, since Edward I in 1052, renounce certain royal prerogatives by swearing to the Carta Erboniæ Libertatum means that many are no longer exercisable without breaking the oath. The exact prerogatives renounced differ from monarch to monarch, but usually include those for dispensing with laws, levying taxation without Parliamentary consent, expelling tenants without just cause and passing sentences personally in cases without appeal to the King.

[Luziyca]

The Mambo of Rwizikuru is an absolute monarch, but he is expected to serve as a dignified representative of the Rwizikuran nation.

[Wochaystein]

The Kaiser is has a ceremonial role and also serves as the religious head of the Church of Wochaystein. The closest analog to Earth would be the Japanese Emperor.