Repulaea Factbook [Closed, MT]

by **Repulaea** » Sat Oct 23, 2010 11:03 am

The Constitutional Monarchy of Repulaea

"Potentia Per Vocem Nostram- Power Through Our Voice"

Directory

1. An Early History
2. Timeline of Modern Events - 20th Century
3. Timeline of Modern Events - 21st Century
4. The Nation
5. Government
6. Military
7. Economy
8. Education
9. Culture

by **Repulaea** » Sat Oct 23, 2010 11:04 am

An Early History

From the earliest Gardisian city states to the vast empires of the south, the Repulaean peninsula has been fraught with the turbulent tides of change. The Gardisians were peoples who ventured from the northern nations and established large states in the early 11th century. King Xande'er I of Kehethsma, the largest of the Gardisian city states, was the first to civilize the Repulaean lands of the south, even before northern explorers took their first steps onto the peninsula, almost two centuries later. Soon, the state of Kehethsma grew and by 1049, Kehethsman settlements stretched far out west beyond the Cordonite borderlands. Little did Xande'er I know that his nation would be the first in a long line of great states of the peninsula.

Early Medieval Repulaea

In the summer of 1056, the Kehethsman and Cordonite armies clashed at Glansburgg, to the far west. With weeks, the settlement had fallen to the Kehethsman forces. With the Cordonite armies in disarray, Xande'er I, now age 72, pressed farther west in an unsuspected offensive. Cordonite King Shajleev III, fell at the battle of Jindray in 1058. With this monumental victory, Xande'er's forces pressed north until they reached the boarder towns of the Gonada region, approximately 40 Miles south of Cordon (now Corton).

Xande'er I died just days before the first battle in Gonada began, in 1058, at the town of Jendora. The reason behind his death remains unclear to this day. On his death bed, Xande'er charged his eldest son of 33 years, Jabeesh, with command of his armies. Though not the military genius his father was, Jabeesh took charge of the army within hours after his father's death. Months passed until the Kahethsman armies broke through the the outskirts of Cordon. Records of the battle go as far back as eyewitness accounts in the old Jakanite and Vormantien holy scriptures.

"Through the old winters did so forth the noble Fesses (Jabeesh) march. The gods smiled upon him and his lords for they were merciful lords and wise. The gods instructed Fesses to flank the enemy line in threes with a forth pair of bowmen and light Halchionites (Elite Horsemen) to the east in reserve. The battle raged for over eighty noons till the gods threw down their hammer and, thus, Fesses did smite the Cordonite armies and their false gods of wrath and burned their city and plundered their misused livestock and freed those who were willing to be freed. So said the gods of truth and let it be told.
~ Vormantien Scripture Alpha - "Kiljond and Fesses 4:8-12"

With the fall of Cordon, and her armies, the Kehethsmans controled the center portion of the peninsula, positioned between the Carolmandians to the north and the Vormantiens to the south. By 1080, Xande'er II, Xande'er I's grandson, established an alliance with the Vormantiens, prompted by their shared religious views. Soon, the Jorventians, Casthians, and Jakanites also joined the vast alliance that now spanned the central and southern regions of the peninsula. By 1100, the Carolmandians and the Vevans had fallen to the north. The Kingdom of Kehethsma was now solidified as the most powerful state on the Repulaean peninsula.

The expansion of the southern lands posed an increasing threat to the nations to the north beyond the peninsula. The Shevadin Kingdom, the largest and most powerful nation in Predum, declared war on the Kehethsman Kingdom in 1176. Backed by over 60,000 troops from the Zedid and Frementian forces, Shevadin vassals, the Shevadins, led by King Gentarus II the Wise, quickly defeated Kehethsman and Vormentien forces in the north. For the next 8 years, war plagued the southern allied kingdoms with Gentarus loosing very few battles. In 1184, Kehethsma met its end at the battle of Freedma. Outnumbered five to one, the Kehethsman forces took refuge in this final bastion city, suffering two years of brutal siege before the walls of the fortress base finally collapsed, thanks to the introduction of heavy cannon by the Shevadins. This was the first recorded example of the use of gunpowder weapons in Repulaean history. King Gentarus, in his delight, allowed his forces free rein to do what they wished to the city and its inhabitants. Freedma was utterly destroyed, as a result. Burned to the ground, it was of no use to the Shevadins and they left the ruins shortly after the victory.

An unknown artist's depiction of the battle of Freedma, painted C.1190-1200?

With nothing left to fight for and devastated at the loss of a city that could have been in his possession, Gentarus ended his campaign early, leaving the smaller southern kingdoms in peace. This would come to be his greatest strategic undoing just decades later.

The Rise of the Repulaean Empires

In 1219, the southern kingdoms, with the exception of the Jakanites and the Porsolans, joined into one united kingdom known as the Southern Repulaean Empire, where the first mentioning of the peninsula's name came into a national context. By 1226, trade had been established with other kingdoms far to the west and north. Seeing a serious threat, Gjauzer V, King of the Silvionis, mobilized the Shevadin armies once again. In 1233, 50,000 men from Gjauzer's southern army, which had been occupying northern Repulaea, approached the Repulaean town of Chorgon. The town was burned to the ground and its mere 6,000 defenders were slaughtered with little resistance. In addition, nearly 12,000 innocent men, women, and children were murdered within a five day period, leaving the town empty and in ruins.

The Repulaean Kingdoms of the south responded with vigor and brutality. On the 17th of March, 1234, the Christian King Dentidine IV of Southern Slevedonia launched a surprise attack on the Shevadin outpost city of Braghl. Within days, the city was penetrated and sacked with over 20,000 dead or captured Shevadin soldiers left in the wake and many thousands of Repulaean Christians liberated after suffering many years of Shevadin persecution. This quick military victory was the courtesy of the 20 heavy cannons bought from foreign lands, mostly Euneian kingdoms to the west. Dentidine, emboldened by his swift victory, prepared to launch a campaign to unite the peninsula under a Christian flag. This would be the catalyst for the Christian surge that took the peninsula by storm. Dentidine is widely seen as the man responsible for bringing Christianity to Repulaea, a new faith from the far western nations of Predum that would quickly usurp the old polytheist religion of Thundrism by the turn of the century.

Convinced that his new found technology was a device for victory, Dentidine IV took command of the Repulaean armies, amassing a grand force of 130,000 strong. From Constwell to Bringathom, Dentidine pushed through Shevadin territory in a string of victories from the summer of 1234 to the winter of 1236. At Brignol, The Repulaean forces swiftly defeated Gjauzer's 19,000 defenders and pushed on across the Sandron Woods. At Jured, Gjauzer lost his son in battle along with another 60,000 soldiers, mostly due to the cold of that winter.

By mid winter of 1236, however, Dentidine had spread his Repulaean armies too thin. In his vicious two year campaign, Dentidine had lost nearly half of his army with Gjauzer taking similar losses. Unfortunately for Dentidine, the winter of 1236 was one of the worst on record taking the lives of some 40,000 Repulaean soldiers in camp over a period of three months. Dentidine had lost as many men in just three months of winter as he had in two years of battle.

Still, it was a race to recover lost ground after winter and Dentidine pressed on his offensive until he could fight no more. His army was halted at the city of Gretenogh in 1237. He ended his war against the Shevadins with less then 40,000 surviving men in contrast to his original number of around 130,000. The conflict would forever be immortalized as "Dentidine's Campaign". King Dentidine IV of Southern Slevedonia died of fever in 1240. Though his costly campaign reclaimed nearly half the Repulaean lands taken by the Shevadins, Dentidine IV would never live to see his empire's golden age. Dentidine IV was canonized a saint in 1927 by the United Archdiocese of Ecclesia Repulaea (the Repulaean Catholic Church) which was founded by Dentidine's brother Kadius Maxian in 1250.

King Dentidine IV of Southern Slevedonia as depicted by Repulaean painter Deonese Gortantus, 1288

In 1276, on the 100th anniversary of the Kehethsman war with the Shevadins, King Jasper of Edenkart set out on his conquest of the ailing Shevadin holdings in Repulaea. By now, The Reulaean Kingdoms of the south were known simply as the Repulaean Empires, all united in the goal to achieve conquest of the whole peninsula. All of the south and former Kehethsman lands were now under Repulaean control and by 1270, official trade routes had been established with the east. The city of Antrohk was the first to fall to the Repulaean armies followed by Gretenogh and then Shentra. With both armies using their gunpowder weaponry to full effect, losses on both sides were staggering. General Lord Eesus' Shevadin army was no match for the onslaught of the Repulaeans, however, and by the winter of 1277, the Shevadins had been completely kicked off the Repulaean peninsula. It was an immense victory that spelled the beginning of the end of the ailing Shevadin Kingdom that spanned much of Predum. Within thirty years, it would fall apart at the hands of civil war.

The United Repulaean Empires (which consisted of the kingdoms of Southern Slevedonia, Slevedonia Minor, Egoa, Shentra, Hart, Coastia, Loris, Praxby, Atabore and Duvanne) now set their eyes on the expansion of trade, territory, and ideology as never imagined before. At the Council of Norslem in 1278, the Empires agreed on official territorial boundaries and to submit to the Southern Slevedonian throne to act as the head of state for the whole united nation. Norslem was also confirmed as the capital of the United Empires, a status which still marks the ancient city's great prestige.

The conflicts of the 13th century had ironically brought an eventual prosperity to the peninsula that would set the stage for the Empire's golden age.

The Repulaean Golden Age

Into the 14th century, the Repulaean Empires' influence spanned the majority of the peninsula. Trade flowed in from the east and other smaller peninsula nations. With a golden age of exploration and wealth setting in, a revolution of scientific ideals flowed with the foreign trade. Gunpowder and cannon became increasingly common among Repulaean military forces by the mid 1300s. At the Empires' height, at least 25% of all Predum trade was controlled by the Repulaeans. The "Master Tradesman", King Repudus I, who is infamous for having his wife, son and five brothers put to death within the span of two years, was key in solidifying Repulaean mercantilism across the continent.

A flurry of new art styles, literature, and the printing press came into play while the Repulaeans forged a vast empire from one end of the land to the other. Catholicism was the dominant religion of the peninsula (and the whole continent) by the early 14th century. In 1340, the newly crowned King Caspuit Derginion, King Repudus' nephew who survived his uncle's cruel purges, commissioned the Universal Catholic Church of Repulaea in order to institute religious reforms and keep the Empires aligned with the Holy See. Religious laws based on scripture were soon implemented throughout the peninsula. Caspuit Derginion was also a famous patron of some of the 14th century's greatest Repulaean artists, sculptors and writers. The King keenly used the flourishing culture of his growing nation to advance and solidify his religious reformation.

By 1344, nearly all of the peninsula was under Repulaean control, with the exception of the far north, then occupied by the Royal Duchy of Yepit, a powerful Repulaean kingdom. Through a series of several campaigns in the 1330s, Casdil Argothos, Earl of Cane, a county north of Norslem, won several brilliantly coordinated victories on land and sea against the Yepitians. However, he failed to bring the whole of the enemy nation into submission before his poor finances and ailing health got the better of him.

Though peace and art were the capital philosophies during the time, war was still practiced regularly. When northern explorers from Yepit led by Duke Cristoph Anestosia, colonized the nearby island of Nedrinn, in 1344, King Caspuit Derginion landed a force of 16,000 soldiers to claim the island under the Repulaean banner. This soon sparked the great Yepitian invasion of the north, forcing the Repulaeans to fight a double fronted conflict.

General Cozma Nedura of Yepit first conquered and leveled the Repulaean city of Grell in 1367 and captured all of the Egoa Kingdom's domains by 1368. He swept southward meeting heavy Repulaean resistance at Nombation, forming the Nombation line. By 1367, the town of Demv was secured by Repulaean troops on Nedrinn, effectively ending the Nedrinn campaign in their favor.

With Nedrinn under Repulaean control, King Caspiut Derginion diverted the bulk of his forces north to meet the Yepitian threat. Prince Haeden of Esroth then gained permanent control of the Anestosian Sea after his well-coordinated victory off the coast of his port city. Despite this, the war persisted with neither side able to completely overcome the other. It was a long a merciless struggle for control of the northern regions that lasted until the year 1389 when a Repulaean seizure of Kranoch finally forced Yepit to come to the negotiating table.

By the end of the Golden Age, the Repulaeans had conquered nearly half of Yepit and seized the major spice trade after numerous sea battles with northerners. Soon, however, the massive war debts instigated an era of economic decay. By 1420, Yepitian raiders had crippled trade from the north while the weakened Repulaean armies could do little but watch. And thus began a rapid decline for the Repulaean Empires that would hold its effects on the peninsula forever.

The United Empires Fall

In 1499, Jestius Padinguard IV became Repulaea's first and last official Emperor. He declared himself Emperor of the Kingdoms on March 4th. Immediately, in one last effort to restore the Repulaean Empire's to their former glory, Emperor Padinguard IV, with support of several military factions from the far south, launched a series of military campaigns against northern nations as Yepit attempted to hold firm.

Few of Padinguard's military engagements were successful. His true victories were in economic policies that benifited the Empires' for the remainder of their unity. Still, the cost of the wars against the north drained the nation's resources and even dried up the Emperor's personal treasury. With the defeat of Padinguard's fleet off Cape Daash, in 1509, their was little hope of a victory. A total of 24 warships and 72 cargo vessels were lost to the depths or seized by a Yepitian force twice the size.

With the Repulaean armies of the north in full retreat, Emperor Padinguard knew his war was lost. In despair, he retreated to his underground cellar where he remained in solitude for a whole year, as war raged above. His son, Antony Clement, took over as King's Regent until his father returned. Under Antony Clement, the Last stronghold in the north, Setkejor, held out for 266 days until the Yepitian armies broke through. By that time, the Emperor had returned to leadership, only to be assassinated by an enraged General by the name of Cloothsmus. Antony Clement took the title of King and proceeded to lead (after executing Cloothsmus) for another two and a half months before being stricken down by an unnamed guard in the retreat palace at Gourdenhime (modern day Vorss) to the southeast. With Clement's death, the last hope for Repulaean survival was abolished. Soon, the once strong unity of the peninsula began to fracture. On August 19th 1517 the Repulaean Empires, under the leadership of the privy court, officially dissolved at the Council of Gourdenhime, thus ending the mightiest force to ever settle medieval Repulaea. Instead of repatriating the ten original kingdoms of the Repulaean Empires, however, the council made no provisions for extended unity and stability. What followed was further division and conflict resulting in the formation many new nation states resembling in no way the original kingdoms.

With massive war debts and a peninsula of new fractious states to deal with, Yepit ended the war, retaining its many gains in the north. For the next two centuries, the Peninsula would be heavily divided in an era called the Inter Imperium.

An early statue of Emperor Padinguard IV in modern day Norslem by master sculptor Casmer Ithictus

Uncertain Times: The Inter Imperium

With Repulaea again scattered into many of city states and principalities, the Peninsula returned to its base state of division prompting people to begin looking to the leaders of Repulaea's Christian churches. A new religious resurgence arose, despite the chaos that plagued the rest of the 16th century. Yepitian occupiers to the north suffered from the multitude of rebellions and a civil war (which began in 1518) while international trade with the peninsula came to a halt. In 1520, just a mere 3 years after its momentous victory of the Repulaean Empires, the Royal Duchy of Yepit crumbled under the wight of its multilateral civil war that ultimately gave birth to many of the northern peninsula's larger principalities. the division of Inter Imperium Repulaea was now complete.

In the wake of the fall of Yepit, the last vestige of unity on the peninsula, poverty was rampant. The expansion of the Lapoli Empire in modern day Serany and Silvion saw frequent attacks on Repulaean interests. The infamous "Plague of White" broke out across the south in the winter of 1542, killing over ten million people in less than three years. The Plague of White is to date the deadliest epidemic of disease in Repulaean history.

In this 1543 painting by Juliar Granes, a heavenly host prays for Christian leaders who look on helplessly as the Plague of White takes its toll.

In 1570, the Council of Remenarus established new laws declaring the sanctity of sovereign territorial boundaries in the central kingdoms and states. This effort to restore some sense of unification and peace persisted until the start of the War of the Central Kingdoms in 1588. The costly conflict, which weakened many of its belligerents, ended in 1612 with the Treaty of Febia, the outcome being that of status quo ante bellum. Most of the Inter Imperium's smaller conflicts shared similar outcomes to the detriment of local economies and infrastructure.

The War of 1620 brought even less prosperity as the east was thrown into turmoil. The Kingdom of Sall under Richmond IV and the Prince-Bishopric of Notokia under Archbishop Lars Leesol battled for control of the Moralitin trade routes after several Seran and Silvioni kingdoms reopened trade with the Repulaean coastal states. Notokia was supported by Emperor Alin XI of the Lapoli Empire, who was a claimant to the throne of Sall. This struggle remained largely seaborne for much of the war, though Lapoli troops landed on the Sall coast on two occasions (1621 and 1625), both times being defeated. Notokian armies too suffered major defeats at Carlile and Sunn, two small townships within the Sall domain. With the war proceeding in his favor, Richmond IV decided to launch a daring invasion of Notokia in 1626 at the Ram Gulf, north of Cape Ram. There, however, Richmond's entire invasion fleet was destroyed. With both sides crippled, a treaty was signed in Norslem in 1627 to the avail of no party in the conflict.

The deadliest conflict of the 17th century again involved the growing Lapoli Empire. Lapoli forces under the direct command of Emperor Alik III launched a sudden invasion of the Sall Kingdom by sea in 1688, initiating what would become the Nine Years' War. Alik III sought to secure his grandfather Alin XI's ancient claim to the Sall throne. The Notokians were quick to resurrect their old animosities toward Sall and join the Lapoli cause. The Lapoli invasion was so widespread that the conflict spilled over into several other regions, drawing more and more peninsular states into the conflict for or against the Lapoli Empire. By 1690, the Lapoli Empire controlled most of the Sall kingdom, except its capital at Norslem which was under siege at the time. The Cento Union, a powerful neutral state centered in modern day Vorss, who was typically an adversary of the Sall Kingdom, joined the Peninsular States after the son of Cento Chancellor Julius Julian was murdered while he was a hostage at the Lapoli court. The grief stricken chancellor's campaign of vengeance breathed new life into the war effort and, by 1691, the siege at Norslem had been broken.

Over the next few years, campaigns raged on land and sea with no decisive outcome. Though the Lapoli advance had been steadily curtailed, they were not defeated. The Battle of Rembok in 1696, the deadliest single battle ever fought on Repulaean soil, took the lives of over 145,000 soldiers total and nearly 200,000 civilians when the city was sacked by the Peninsular States. The capital of the Prince Bishopric of Notokia was now in ruins and the Lapoli forces were in retreat. They only barely halted the Peninsular States' at the Battle of Orna'n a month later where another 30,000 men fell. With a stalemate again at hand and the Lapoli Emperor dangerously ill, the Peace of Orna'n was agreed to in March of 1697, ending the Nine Years' War that took some two million lives, the single bloodiest conflict ever fought on Repulaean soil. Before the end of the peace conference, however, Emperor Alik III died on his flagship at the age of 72, leaving his only daughter, Alina, on the Lapoli throne. Though the costly war pitted many Repulaean states against each other, the coalition efforts of the conflict paved the way for future unification attempts on the Peninsula.

Rise of Antesia and the Cadian Dynasty

In 1728, Leonad Cadius, Duke of Norslem, a direct descendant of Padinguard IV's cousin Gaudium II, seized the thrown of Sall (modern day Norslem) from his tyrannical uncle Redrin and established a new kingdom called Antesia, the name itself being derived from Leonad Cadius' claim to several dukedoms around Norslem collectively called Antesia. This began what is known today as the Cadian Dynasty, the dynasty of the current Royal Family of modern Repulaea. Within a year of securing his throne, Leonad undertook a war against the last Lapoli holdings on the Repulaean peninsula, all of which were on the Sall coast. With the Lapoli Empire distracted by its costly war against the rising Silvioni League, Leonad ousted them from Sall within five years. In 1740, Leonad I's successor, King Cepman I, ascended to the throne and established his famous alliance pact with the Cento Union. Just five years later, Cento, weakened by numerous civil wars, would be rapidly occupied by the northern kingdom of Gentoa. In retaliation, Cepman I began his war of liberation in Cento. This would begin what would forever be known as the Antesian Wars.

In the Summer of 1745, five corps of Antesian ground troops campaigned to liberate the Cento capital of Hegrane. After nine weeks, the capital, and all surrounding regions, had been liberated. With the counter-invasion of Gentoa underway, Cento was soon absorbed into the Antesian kingdom. On April 17th 1750, the northern port of Balbodana was captured by the Antesian navy, giving the navy a new resupply station further into Gentoan seas. By 1752, the Gentoan navy was no longer a sizable fighting force.

With the death of King Cepman I in 1753, King Catican I took the thrown and ended the Antesian Wars with the capture of the Gentoan capital city of Shreshma in May of 1754. Over 100,000 people perished during the Wars. Almost a quarter of which were due to starvation alone. Now, the kingdom was battered by gargantuan war debts that would plague the nation for decades. King Catican II took to seizing the merchant ships of Euneian traders in 1760. In 1764, he won a brilliant naval victory off the coast of Euneia, known as the Battle of Eunus Harbor. Though the "King of the Seas" had claimed his rule over the ocean, he did little to curb the Antesian debt. Relations with foreign neighbors were also strained. To keep up with the debt, Antesia once again looked to foreign trade to be their saving grace. It would end up being just that. In 1780, Queen Esthia I settled nearly one third of all current debts due to the nation's surpluses in the treasury. Her efforts in colonization were also successful. In 1781, the Ketirine Islands, under Prince Feildman II, were colonized in the southeastern Moralitin ocean. The Island group was named for Princess Natalina Ketirine, the Prince's sister, who died of cancer at the age of ten just three years earlier. Similarly, Georgus Kelmihyne, a prominent explorer, colonized Repulaean Fyllmora, on the uninhabited spice and mineral-rich Fyllmoran subcontinent which was discovered in 1777 by explorer Julian Fyllmora. Two months later, Sir Ronald Mallik founded Christobol Parish in Southwestern Fyllmora. It would be the precepts for the Stavinova colony.

The economic prosperity of Antesia, in the late 18th century, was so great that all remaining debts were payed within the next five years after Esthia I's death in 1789. In 1790, the First Spice War commenced with the invasion of Repulaean Fyllmora by Seran mercenaries under the banner of the Silvioni League. Within two years, the majority of the enemy forces had been defeated and, with the defeat of the Silvioni fleet off Port Dynyr in 1793, there was little hope of a Silvioni victory. In the Silvioni withdrawal in 1795, thousands of foreign troops were left in Fyllmora, inciting further conflicts. Still, by the 19th century, Antesia dominated the spice trade across the Moralitin Ocean. With the Antesian economy booming and nearly a third of the Peninsula under Antesian control, the Antesian crown now joined the long line of Repulaean states who have looked to total unification of the peninsula.

A Unified State

The 1800s were relatively quiet and prosperous times for the Antesian Kingdom. Still, another three Spice Wars were fought with the Silvioni League (1803-1805, 1808-1810, 1816-1818) until the dissolution of the Silvioni League in 1822, giving way to the modern day Federation of Silvion. The Federal Republic of Euneia, founded in 1791, also opened prosperous trade relations with the Antesians. With the economic situation now well under control, the Antesian Crown focused on its ultimate goal; the unification of all peninsula nations. In 1846, under King Jurgon Vehl II, the Supreme Council of Common Nations was established in the Antesian capital of Norslem. The Council's goal was to establish a full sovereign state consisting of all Repulaean nations formerly under the Repulaean Empires' flag.

Over the next two decades, the Council received more and more member states, even those who were never officially under the Imperial banner. Progress was slow and tedious over the years of debate. The Rebellion of Genda (1867), in the southwest, put a halt in the Antesian agenda as thousands of peninsula troops were sent to secure the valuable city. This would soon prove to be an asset to King Jurgon Vehl's plan for unity. The Rebellion of Genda would see the largest massing of allied troops against a single foe in Repulaean history. The Antesian Coalition of 12 nations was the largest single military force ever amassed on the Repulaean Peninsula, 200,000 men strong. After only 6 months of siege, the rebellion at Genda was crushed with fewer than 2,000 Coalition deaths. By the time the Council resumes in 1869, All but two nations of the peninsula were affiliated. By 1870, the two rogue states, Nantuus and Benz, had reluctantly joined the congregation of states. The Compromise of 1871 then arranged the remaining 17 Repulaean nations into four great powers; Antesia, Neslin, Nedrinn and Telemy. These would later become the four initial provinces of unified Repulaea. Vast new strides would take place in order to assure that all nations would hold power under the Repulaean Crown, agreed to be that of Antesia. All other royal courts were adopted by the royal family as principality orders. The nation of Iyees in the Annadoa Region was the only Repulaean nation to reject the Council entirely after a coup by twenty-year-old Lord Idiay Castroph who, upon taking control of the country, promptly pulled out of the negotiations in 1871.

The Council officially ended on January 17th 1872, after 26 years, the longest government council session in Repulaean history. Still, the peninsula would not be officially unified for years. Despite this, all nations of Repulaea enjoyed mutual respect, commerce, protection, and security under the overall Antesian royalty.

On the 23rd of October 1910, at the dawn of a new century, the final bill left over from the unified council was signed and ratified by the newly formed Repulaean parliament. The Indenture of Unity was signed by all of the four Council nations of the peninsula, officially unifying the peninsula into one sovereign power. King Remond I oversaw the signing with his newly appointed Chancellor Arthur Ancot, soon to be the country's first president. A distant cousin of the King's sister, the Douchess of Portalk, President Ancot was sworn in on December 1, 1910 as the nation's first president. He is the only president in Repulaean history to be of noble blood. The new constitutional monarchy would employ the ideals of Remond I's long awaited republic while relieving the Crown of many official government duties.

President Arthur Ancot, 1910, age 35

Within the next century, Repulaea would emerge as an immense international power. A millennium of civilizations rising and falling gave way to the newest of sovereign forces in a fully unified effort to ensure the prosperity of the peninsula.

by **Repulaea** » Sun Oct 24, 2010 8:09 pm

Timeline of Modern Events - 20th Century

October 1910: The official state of the Constitutional Monarchy of Repulaea is established through the Indenture of Unity, also known as the Repulaean Constitution.
December 1910: King Remond I appoints his first national president, Arthur Ancot, to run the nation's political affairs.
February 1911: The Marchra is adopted as the national currency, though, due to its low value, integration into the new Repulaean economy is difficult, giving way to the Value Crisis.
March 1911: President Ancot begins the construction of the nation's capital city, Aiesra. The case of Marsby v. Kelis upholds President Ancot's appointment by Remond I.
April 1911: A fascist coup by the young Seran General Matho Drye leaves the entire Royal Family of Serany dead and throws the country into a six month civil war which divides the country into the fascist South and the republican North, leaving deeply-rooted tensions for decades. Repulaea cuts off diplomatic ties with South Serany.
May 1911: The Central Monetary Fund (CMF), Repulaea's central bank, is officially established.
June 1912: A national defense militia is constructed, merging the independent militias of the four provinces and creating a blueprint for a national army.
July 1912: The Predum United Stock Exchange opens in Euneia and replaces the Euneian Stock Exchange as the largest on the continent.
April 1913: Ancot appoints his new cabinet who work to form Repulaea's unicameral legislature, the Unified Congressional Council, also known simply as The Council or Congress. The Conservative Party is born.
July 1913: The Value Crisis ends with new prosperity in emerging markets.
January 1919: The Liberal Party is formed in Congress and grows to encompass most of the opposition.
June 1919: The capitol city of Aiesra is generally complete after about 8 years of construction. The city continues to grow.
July 1919: The first aircraft in Repulaea is constructed by the Southwestern Agricultural Consortium for crop dusting craft.
October 1921: The official Armed Forces of the Repulaean Crown (AFRC) is established.
February 1922: The AFRC branches off into the Repulaean Royal Army Corps, the first of three branches.
February 1923: King Remond I takes overall command of the military.
January 1925: The second branch of the AFRC, the Repulaean Navy, is established under Councilor Richard Selem Woodfield's "Advocates for the Navy" program.
March 1925: The first official Repulaean naval vessel is built. C.R.S. Commodium is the first in a series of Commodium class destroyers.
January 1926: The colonies are given representation in Congress. They are allowed only 15 representatives. For the next two decades, colonials fight for equal representation in Congress.
April 1926: The military purchases Repulaea's first combat capable aircraft, the Vespa A-1/26
May 1928: President Ancot begins trading with nearby regions in the hopes of increasing the value of the Marchra.
June 1928: The Dictatorship of Iyees, in the Annadoa Region just across the Repulaean northwestern border, launches a series of aggressive raids against Repulaean border settlements. President Ancot responds by mobilizing 13,000 troops, under General Rickerd Alfinsor, thus beginning the Annadoa War, also known as the Iyeesian War or the Summer War. At the President's urging, Congress declares Bellum Geremus, an official declaration of war, for the first time ever. This Latin phrase translates into "We will wage war". Congress also passes the first ever national draft.
July 1928: The Repulaean 1st division engages Iyeesian forces at the town of Tesroosa, establishing the first Repulaean victory of the conflict.
August 1928: Aircraft are used for the first time in combat at the battle of Aenium, just south of Sren. The 1st aviator brigade would be the precepts of the eventual Repulaean Air Force.
August 1928: The Battle of Sren ends after a week of fighting. Nearly 1,000 Iyeesian troops are killed to a Repulaean loss of only 72 dead and 250 wounded. It is the bloodiest single battle of the war.
August 1928: President Ancot authorizes the establishment of a naval blockade of the coast of Iyees, involving 32 frigates, cruisers, and destroyers, over half the Repulaean navy at the time.
August 1928: The fist and only sea engagement of the war takes place off the Masstira coastline. A small Repulaean patrol fleet engages the outdated Iyeesian naval squadron, sinking 6 of its 8 destroyers. The Repulaean destroyer C.R.S. Boris Wells (NCR-34) is lost with 82 of her 112 crew.
August 1928: With the aid of Repulaean army troops, rebel forces within Iyees overthrow the nation's brutal dictator of 57 years, Lord Idiay Castroph, and his ruling cabinet of nobles. The new provisional government of Iyees soon turns the country over to Repulaea for annexation.
October 1928: President Ancot declares the official annexation of former Iyees, ending the war. The annexation of Annadoa, once occupied by the Iyees Regime, added the final northwestern region of land to the united peninsula as well as two major cities, Sren and Masstira. Roughly 400 Repulaean servicemen were killed, with about 1,000 wounded, while an estimated 10,000 Iyeesian troops were killed.
March 1929: Congress, at the urging of King Remond, passes the Royal Redominance Act which declares that male issue are no longer given preference in ascension to the throne because of sex. Rather age alone will dictate the legitimacy of an heir's right to ascendancy. Thus, 21 year old Princess Esthia is made heir apparent to the throne of Repulaea above her 14-year-old brother Leo.
January 1930: The Repulaean Central Exchange (REPEX) is established in Estia as the nation's first stock exchange.
February 1930: President Ancot begins a series of large government funded business programs in create job growth in the recently captured Annadoa region. This stimulates Ancot's goal for a capitalist economy.
March 1930: King Remond I, first Monarch of the Constitutional Monarchy, dies of a heart attack at age 59.
April 1930: Esthia II succeeds her father as Monarch of Repulaea at just 22 years of age.
July 1930: The Annadoa Region officially joins Repulaea as the country's 5th province, adding one final star on the Repulaean flag.
May 1931: The Repulaean air force is officially established, initially headed by General Lucas Oswahld, who would act as the Royal Airforce Chairman on the Royal Military Board from 1934 until his death in 1952 at the age of 79. Today, he is hailed as a pioneer of Repulaean military aviation.
March 1932: Congress passes the first ever peacetime draft to boost dwindling military numbers.
December 1932: Prince Leo Cadius, the younger brother of Queen Esthia, dies at age 17 of a lung infection. His death dramatically affects the Queen for many years and sends her into a year of painful mourning.
July 1933: The Repulaean Air Force purchases the first Repulaean all metal fixed-wing aircraft, the PT-27A Winghawk. Soon more private industries begin selling to the air force in mass quantities.
June 1935: An ammunition storage bay explodes aboard the cruiser flagship C.R.S. Ithictus (NCR-99) while in dock at Port Klois, killing its entire crew of 1309 men. It is the greatest maritime disaster in Repulaean history.
January 1936: The Predum Continental War begins with South Serany's invasion of Silvion. With the aid of many Silvioni insurrectionists, they seize the capital. Euneia and North Serany soon join the war against South Serany. Repulaea declares its neutrality but simultaneously begins a lend-lease program for the Predum Coalition, the force opposing South Serany's expansion. Within a month over half of Silvion is under Fascist control and South Serany has invaded the North.
August 1938: President Arthur Ancot dies at age 68 due to heart difficulties. The Nemix v. Norburn case asserts that the Monarch may no longer appoint presidents. Rather, they are to be elected directly by the people. Thus, citizens of 18 years or older vote for the president the first time.
January 1939: President Arliegh Corslem (L) is the first president to be popularly elected to office as well as the first Liberal.
February 1939: C.R.S. Council(BR-160) becomes the first in a line of five new Council class battleships. They are, at the time, the most powerful battleships in Predum and will continue to serve the Repulaean navy for decades.
June 1939: At the President's urging, Congress declares Bellum Geremus against South Serany in order to intervene in the bloody Predum conflict, joining with the Predum Coalition to defeat the South Seran aggressors. Just weeks later, unprepared Repulaean troops push into Silvion where a bitter, unsuccessful campaign begins.
July 1939: A South Seran invasion force of over 50,000 troops lands in the Modatone Gulf in the colony of Stavinova marking the only foreign ground invasion of united Repulaea and opening the Colonial Front of the Continental War.
August 1939: Through the case of Paulus v. Crown, the Judicial Forum rules that the Monarch no longer holds complete control over the military and is severely limited when attempting to interfere in Federal or provincial matters, igniting a incendiary feud between the Federal Government and the Crown. A new brass of military command is appointed in the meantime to oversee normal military operations. To this day, it is still technically "the crown's military".
October 1939: After numerous skirmishes on the seas, the Repulaean navy engages in the largest naval battle to date with the South Seran expeditionary fleet heading for southern Silvion. After a two day engagement at the Battle of the Aeron Sea (off Silvion's northeastern coastline), the Repulaean second fleet withdraws after loosing the C.R.S. Monarch (CRV-28) and a dozen other ships. Monarch is the only Repulaean carrier to ever be lost in combat.
October 1939: After the bloody defeat at the Battle of Adrakno, Repulaea pulls out of Silvion, marking the end of the First Silvion Campaign, Repulaea's worst military defeat ever. Over 25,000 Repulaean casualties were suffered. Within two weeks, all of Silvion, other than the far western mountainous regions on the Euneian Front, is under Fascist control. The outmatched Repulaean air force fights desperately over the skies of Southern Silvion to repel the South Seran air forces before they can strike Repulaea itself. Now there are genuine fears of attacks on Repulaea. It is the closest the Repulaean homeland ever comes to being attacked.
November 1939: Congress introduces a nation-side draft to bolster troops numbers for the war.
January 1940: The South Serans capture Christoph in Stavinova and begin to besiege Pique Point by sea and land.
January 1940: The Repulaean capital city of Aisra is renamed Ancot, in honor of the late President Arthur Ancot and to reinvigorate national pride in the face of many recent military defeats.
February 1940: In Operation: Majesty, Repulaea sends 500,000 ground troops across the Silvioni border to push back the South Serans while North Serany pushes from their northern front and Euneia pushes from the west. A new front has opened up again and momentum is delivered to the Coalition forces.
March 1940: A Repulaean task force steams into the Modatone Gulf to rescue the beleaguered colony of Stavinova. The Battle of the Modatone Gulf is the single largest naval battle of the war. 38 Seran ships are destroyed including its only aircraft carrier the Trak. Repulaea looses only 2 destroyers, a cruiser and some 40 aircraft. The tide of the Colonial Front begins to turn.
April 1940: The Siege of Pique Point is lifted and Repulaean forces move on the Seran IV Corps at Christoph.
May 1940: The last 38,000 men of the Seran IV Corps surrender at Christoph and the city is liberated. The Colonial Front closes at last.
June 1940: After a fierce month-long battle, the Silvioni capital city of Nera is liberated. South Seran forces begin a full retreat from Silvion. The Battle of Nera is the costliest of the war, taking 70,000 South Seran Lives, 20,000 Coalition lives and 300,000 civilian lives. Just days later, North Seran forces break through the Fascist lines and begin driving them out of the North. The tide of the war turns.
July 1940: The National Inflation crisis begins when inflation rises to a stunning 28%, the highest in Repulaean history.
October 1940: The Coalition forces invade South Serany from north and south in Operation: Passage. The South Seran army is sent into disarray.
February 1941: Congressman Gunther Rose spearheads the passage of the Naval Safety Act to prohibit another C.R.S. Ithictus-type incident.
March 1941: The South Seran capital of Ganings falls to Coalition forces. A week later, dictator Matho Drye is deposed and executed while his chief minister, General Kithum Kralin, officially surrenders. Drye is widely regarded as one of the most brutal despots in Predum history. His "political cleansing" campaign killed over 2,000,000 people. South Serany is absorbed into the North, ending 30 years of independent existence to form one unified Seran Republic. About 10,000,000 people continent-wide perished during the war, 100,000 of whom were Repulaean soldiers, the Constitutional Monarchy's bloodiest war.
January 1942: President Corslem signs the Public Welfare Act which establishes the Public Welfare Commission (PWC) and the Repulaean Commission on Pensions (RCP), now the Social Insurance and Pension Commission (SIPC). It is the single largest social welfare effort in Repulaean history at that time and completely redesigns the Repulaean political and bureaucratic landscape.
May 1943: President Corslem signs the Provisional Sovereignty Act, a landmark act that officially declares and affirms the monarch's role as purely symbolic. The Crown is instead taken under the wing of the Federal Government which sees to its maintenance through funding and protection.
June 1942: The Inflation crisis ends with a steep drop in hyperinflation as Repulaea begins to see the dawn of a new age as the continent's most economically and militarily powerful nation.
January 1943: In the wake of the Continental War, Repulaea adopts the Corslem Doctrine which solidifies an isolationist, non-aggressive stance in foreign and defense policy. Under the Doctrine, military action is only justified in self-defense.
April 1944: Under President Edgar Mundae, Repulaean Fyllmora is declared an official colony of the Constitutional Monarchy. For hundreds of years, western Fyllmora had been settled by Repulaeans but had not been officially claimed since the 14th century. This sparks the largest colonization boom in Repulaean history, now called the Eastern Rush.
February 1945: President Mundae is shot to death by a crazed gunman outside the capitol building. He becomes the first and only President of Repulaea to be assassinated. He is succeeded by his vice-president, Vincent Tilsa.
April 1945: Spurred by Congressman Joshua Crispen, Repulaea signs the Repae-Euneian Pact officiating the alliance between both countries.
May 1945: The United Broadcasts News Network (UBNN) is founded. It will become the largest and most trusted news venue in Repulaea.
June 1945: The colony of Stavinova is officially established in Fyllmora.
January 1946: The colonies are given equal representation in Congress to the home provinces.
January 1949: CMF Chair Dorian Kale, after having won his bid for the Presidency of Repulaea, resigns his position the day before he is sworn in as President.
January 1948: The Repulaean Royal Air Force acquires its first jet engine fighter aircraft, the Vehnt AR-12 Privateer.
January 1955: The Repulaean National Football Team is formed and begins training for the first triennial Predum Cup.
June 1955: The first ever Predum Cup begins. Repulaea goes on to win the tournament.
February 1958: The President of Serany, Drako Mask is murdered in a military coup by Seran General Vestus Therall. President Dorian Kale orders naval strikes on the eastern coastal fortifications of Seran troops. It is code named Operation: Warsnipe. After two relatively unsuccessful weeks, Repulaea withdraws from what is now known as the East Coast Conflict, leaving Serany in a two-year-long civil war which would eventually separate the republican North from the newly repatriated fascist South. Fascist Serany is born again. President Kale comes under intense political fire for an apparent breach of the Corslem Doctrine.
April 1958: Shots are fired between a Repulaean cruiser, C.R.S. Hoyall (NCR-221), and a Seran-sponsored pirate frigate, the Gord, off Cape Daash. After the 20 minute battle, the pirate vessel of about 60 sinks but two Repulaean naval officers perish. This begins a month long sporadic naval conflict with Seran privateers in which four Seran frigates and seven armed freighters are destroyed. By the end of the month, the remaining privateers withdraw from Repulaean waters.
June 1958: Congress passes the Maritime Defense Act, increasing protection of all Repulaean interests on the high seas from future incursions by state-sponsored Seran privateers.
January 1964: Osthisia Grant becomes the nation's first female president.
May 1965: President Grant signs the Humane Conduct Act which forever outlaws the death penalty in Repulaea.
February 1966: The Congressional Council passes the Northern Aid Resolution, giving the president the power to train the supply the North Seran military.
January 1967: Repulaea commissions its first nuclear submarine, the Magistrate class. It will be succeeded in 2002 by the Padinguard IV class nuclear submarine making it the longest serving submarine class in the Repulaean Royal Navy.
April 1968: The Repulaean Royal Space Agency (RSA) is established.
June 1968: The massive 1968 Recession hits the continent of Predum. Job growth is in rapid decline.
July 1968: The Recession hits its trough. Unemployment is at 9%.
August 1968: Congressman Phyllian Worsol is found guilty of extortion and racketeering. He is sentenced to twelve years in prison.
January 1969: President Grant creates a permanent social insurance agency via executive order and merges it with the Repulaean Commission on Pensions to form the Social Insurance and Pension Commission (SIPC).
January 1970: In a Clairvoyant anticipation of Fascist Seran aggression, President Grant institutes the Grant Corollary to the Corslem Doctrine which permits interventionist military action by Repulaea if it is conducted within the boundaries of Predum in the interest of national or allied security.
March 1972: The Repulaean Royal Football League (RRFL) is established, starting with just four club teams. Its size greatly increases throughout the years.
February 1972: The Recession finally ends with a sudden surge in job growth and economic activity. Within a year, unemployment drops by 5%. In terms of unemployment, the 1968 Recession was the worst in Repulaean history.
March 1972: The Seran Regime War begins following a five-year territorial dispute between South Serany and Euneia over mining rights in the Killow Isles. Dictator of South Serany, General Vestus Therall, launches an amphibious military incursion into the Euneian owned Killow Isles. Repulaean President Osthisia Grant orders the 4th corps to the region with a task force code named "Hawkeye".
April 1972: The Seran task force is destroyed offshore after a five hour carrier skirmish. All fourteen Seran ships (including Serany's only small escort carrier) are destroyed along with 50 aircraft. One Repulaean auxiliary destroyer, C.R.S. Prince (DRD-193), is lost with a total of 4 Repulaean fighter aircraft. It is the first Repulaean ship to be lost in battle since the Continental War. 147 naval personnel die. Repulaean and Euneian troops then begin landing on the Killow Isles to liberate them.
June 1972: The Killow Isles are liberated from South Seran occupation. A total of 1,200 Serans were killed in the campaign with 242 Repulaean dead and 302 Euneian dead. A week later, North Serany declares war on the South, beginning what is known to the Serans as "The Unification War".
July 1972: President Grant deploys 75,000 troops on the western coast of Serany to help oust the dictator and pushes the nation's fourth ever conscription act through Congress. The draft would last until the end of the war.
September 1972: Heavy fighting breaks out in the Kerina Province of Serany. The stalemate lasts until March of the next year.
May 1973: General Maxwell Kern's 4th Army Command steamrolls across South Serany while the Euneian 1st and 3rd Infantry divisions advance from the eastern coast. The North Seran army pushes from the North toward the South Seran capital of Ganings.
August 1973: The Repulaean death toll hits record highs while, back in Ancot, the Congressional Council begins to study the validity of the war. President Grant authorizes heavy strategic bombing of Southern Seran military and industrial targets to speed up the war.
January 1974: President Ross Junctia (C) takes office, being the first Repulaean president to take command of the country while it is involved in a military conflict. He immediately authorizes Operation: Heartbreak, a series of large unopposed amphibious landings on the east Seran coast.
May 1974: President Junctia appoints Liliana Rill as his vice president after the sudden death of Jacob Ranus in a car accident. Rill is the first female vice president in Repulaean history.
June 1974: After nearly two months of fighting, the Battle of Kingsly Ridge ends. 12,000 entrenched Seran Regime troops were killed with 752 Repulaean deaths.
July 1974: Capt. Graham Teeles becomes the highest scoring Repulaean aerial ace of the Seran War with 25 Seran kills under his belt. He is seconded only by Major Marcus Max's Continental War record of 49 confirmed kills.
August 1974: Coalition troops finally reach the capital region of South Serany, trapping in it 145,000 Regime forces and their dictator. It is agreed that the North Serans are to be the one's to liberate their people and will lead the assault into the capital. It is a grueling struggle that takes them almost two months.
October 1974: The Seran Regime War finally ends with the ouster and later execution of General Vestus Therall. The whole country rejoices as it is finally reunited for the first time since 1958. About 517,000 Serans perished in the two year-long war. The conflict ended with 16,529 Repulaean KIA. Repulaea and Euneia now work to stabilize their northern neighbor.
February 1977: The Odysseus I rocket is the first Repulaean rocket to be launched to space.
June 1977: The Veta I rocket launches Colonel Richard Kets and Major Eden Kaehl who are the first Repulaeans to launch to space.
January 1978: After the longest confirmation process in Repulaean history, Eden Talian, having been nominated in August 1977, is confirmed by Congress to be the chief justice of the Judicial Forum. He is the youngest person to ever be confirmed to this position.
June 1979: The Crown Arch Energy Industrial Company is founded.
July 1979: President Ross Junctia and his Maritime Defense Foundation found the Naval Officers Academy in the colonial city of Port Dynyr. It is the first naval school in the colonies and will be renamed Junctia Naval Officers Academy (JNOA) in 1995.
November 1980: The 1980 Financial Crisis begins, market values drop significantly. Within months, unemployment soars.
March 1982: The RRSA establishes the Royal Satellite Program.
June 1983: Repulaea acquires basing rights in Euneia.
April 1983: Unemployment piques at 5.5%. Soon however, the Financial Crisis begins to taper off.
December 1983: The Financial Crisis abates at last. It was the worst Repulaean recession since the 1968 crisis. The Repulaean economy now begins an explosive expansion that will not end until 2004.
June 1984: A bomb explodes at the Repulaean Law Enforcement Convention in South Woodros killing 539 people. Just two days later, the two perpetrators, members of a radical anarchist terror group from Annadoa Province called "Dawnshine", are apprehended. The South Woodros RLEC Bombing is to date the deadliest domestic terror attack ever carried out on Repulaea soil. A national state of emergency was declared for 6 days after the attacks.
August 1985: The Repulaean economy reaches an all time high, stock markets flourish.
May 1986: The Repulaean Royal Aerospace Museum officially opens. It is the largest museum of its type in Predum.
May 1989: President Adam Casdin dies from a heart attack in office at age 62. Vice President Marcus Reeves takes office shortly thereafter.
June 1990: President Marcus Reeves signs the Predum Compact thereby establishing the Compact Organization of Sovereign Predum Nations (COSPN), officially solidifying the continent of Predum in mutual alliance between its four nations, Repulaea, Euneia, Silvion, and Serany.
July 1990: The colonial population level hits an all time high when it reaches 75 million people.
October 1990: The latest Federal agency for the defense of Repulaea and her colonies is commissioned; DIADAM (Direct Intelligence Agency for the Defense and Armament of the Monarchy) Soon, it absorbs the old General Intelligence Agency (GIC) to become the most powerful intelligence agency in Repulaea.
May 1993: The Repulaean government begins an alternative fuel program, offering bonus grants to car manufacturers as incentives.
June 1993: After a fierce two-year long battle in the Congress, President Marcus Reeves is finally able to sign the Subsidized Care Act into law, implementing Repulaea's first ever universal healthcare system. Conservatives continue to fight back.
November 1993: DIADAM introduces Repulaea's first stealth fighter aircraft, the RS-8 Nightingale.
January 1994: The first personal computer is created by Cordin Electronics.
July 1994: Heir apparent to the Repulaean throne Prince Godfried is killed in a plane crash in Stavinova during a tour of the colonies. His son, Marcus Remond Cadius, becomes the next in line to the throne.
October 1996: Queen Esthia II dies suddenly of heart failure at the age of 88. Her 66 year reign is the longest in Repulaean history. She is widely regarded as the most popular monarch in Repulaean history. She is succeeded by her grandson Marcus I.
April 1997:The military undergoes a vast modernization program costing billions of Marchras.
January 1998: The Subsidized Care Act is repealed by Conservatives after a vicious battle in the Congress. After only five years as a law, the Act barely saw implementation before it was ousted, a defeat that left many Liberals bitter.
August 1999: The outdated Catican II class aircraft carrier is decommissioned and replaced by the Eternity class fleet carrier and a new fleet of escort carriers.
December 1999: Massive celebrations erupt across the country to mark the start of a new millennium.

by **Repulaea** » Thu Nov 04, 2010 9:30 pm

Timeline of Modern Events - 21st Century

January 2000: The Repulaean military receives the Stringer E-I2A Nightfire, the first stealth aircraft approved for production by a private firm.
February 2000: Under President William Gadon, the Repulaean military undergoes a large overhaul, expansion and modernization program.
May 2000: The secretive nuclear program is initiated by the President in the hopes of establishing a nuclear arsenal for Repulaea.
June 2000: On the 10th anniversary of the signing of the Predum Compact, all four COSPN nations sign the Predum Free Trade Agreement establishing the COSPN Free Trade Zone.
October 2000: On the 90th anniversary of of the founding of the Constitutional Monarchy, the new United Chamber of the Congress officially opens, the old one being converted into the Museum of Congress.
September 2004: The Energy Crisis begins with the great shortage of oil reserves.
October 2004: In an unprecedented move, President William Gadon drops out of the race for president. After suffering a minor stroke, the 64 year-old Gadon did not feel he was physically able to lead the country through the recession. His vice president Aaron Carth took over the campaign on short notice and would remarkably win the presidential ticket.
December 2005: Repulaea is forced to rely on cheap oil from communist nations through contracts.
January 2006: The MACEDON IV satellite is launched. It is the largest and most expensive Repulaean satellite in space.
February 2006: Following a secret Congressional investigation supported by reporters from the Peninsular Press, President Aaron Carth is publicly suspected in the 2005-2006 Bond Scheme which siphoned over 5 billion marchras from bond purchasers over the course of a year. Other charges included bribery, disregard for campaign finance regulations, and numerous smaller connections to fraudulent investors. Almost all the illegally obtained money was accumulated for a secret trust that was to be liquidated and dolled out to the campaigns of 25 Conservative congressmen running against their Liberal incumbents in the upcoming midterm election. Their success would have invariably affected the balance of power in the Congress.The President repeatedly denies his involvement in the scandal.
October 2006: After lengthy Congressional proceedings, 22 of the 25 Conservative Congressmen who received money from President Carth were charged with campaign finance violations and fraud conspiracy. Only one of the 25 was elected to Congress. President Carth himself is implicated in the Bond Scheme and the numerous other offenses along with a secret committee of four Conservative congressmen and his Minister of the Treasury, Delvin Kurr. President Carth's refusal to step down or to even address the allegations forces Liberals in Congress to call for impeachment, leaving most Conservatives bewildered.
November 2006: The impeachment process begins for President Aaron Carth shortly after the resignation of Treasury Minister Delvin Kurr and the four other Congressmen who were a part of the President's secret committee. By the end of the proceedings, the evidence is undeniable to both sides and the Impeachment Resolution passes unanimously in Congress.
December 2006: As per the passage of the Impeachment Resolution of 2006, President Carth is forced to resign on January 1st. His Vice President, Andrew Barr, will succeed him. On the night of December 20th, President Carth publicly admits to all the charges and agrees to resign on New Year's Day. Carth's is the greatest single political scandal in the Constitutional Monarchy's history. It leaves the nation with damaging wounds.
January 2007: Andrew Barr (C) takes the presidential oath of office in the capitol. He hopes to move on from the Carth Scandal and continue former President Gadon's Conservative agenda to the best of his abilities. According to the Constitution's ambiguous Term Refreshment Clause, replacement executives are allowed a fresh term after if their predecessor is impeached. Therefore, Andrew Barr is allowed to serve an entire five-year term from his inauguration date. After outrage over this fact, the Judicial Forum ruled, in the case of Kalkus v. Summers, that same month that this portion of the Constitution was to be repealed, though Andrew Barr was allowed to retain his one full term.
March 2007: As per the mandate of the Kalkus v. Summers case, Congress passes the 10th Amendment to the Indenture of Unity which repeals the Term Refreshment Clause.
December 2008: The Congressional Council passes the Naval Administration and Advancement Act (NAAA) just before Winter recess.
July 2009: All naval vessels are upgraded with links to the MACEDON IV satellite.
October 2009: The energy crisis begins to simmer as reserves begin to pool once again and energy company stock prices rise. At its height, the crisis saw an 8.8% unemployment rate, making it the second most damaging recession in Repulaean history, next to the 1968 Recession. Its effects, however, would linger until 2012, making for the slowest recovery in Repulaean economic history.
December 2009: The Repulaean debt gap grows wider with a 15% increase. Government spending has hit a 25% expenditure rate per month.
January 2010: Repulaea signs a mutual defense pact with Vibrosestan in order to protect the eastern colonies from threats posed by the expansionist Darkened Legion government.
December 2010: Crown Arch Energy Industrial Corp opens up its international storefront for the first time.
December 2010: Repulaea creates its first operable nuclear weapon after the first successful test in the deserts of northern Repulaea. As part of a secretive program called Strategic and Tactical Arms for Repulaea (STAR), IBN-10 ELDER I ICBMs go under production. Within a few years, the newly redesignated Agency for the Strategic Arms of Repulaea, a Federal agency, will oversee the explosive proliferation of Repulaea's nuclear stockpile to over 2,000 warheads.
December 2010: The Repulaean National Football Team plays at its first international competition, the 2nd Ebyrian International Open Cup. Repulaea would later be halted at the Quarter finals.
March 2011: Amid a slow economic recovery, the Barr Administration unexpectedly and against all precedent refuses to nominate CMF Chair Damian Benerus for a third term. Instead, Adrian Cline, former CMF Chief Policy Liason, was nominated and quickly confirmed by Congress.
March 2011: The Puerto Rican Standoff begins when a communist coup in NS Puerto Rico costs the lives of thousands of capitalists. In response, Repulaea joins a coalition of capitalist nations in establishing a blockade around Puerto Rico in preparation for a no-fly zone.
April 2011: After a brief civil war, the communist regime is brought down from within and the original Puerto Rican government is restored. The crisis effectively ends.
April 2011: A Repulaean military transport carrying humanitarian supplies is shot down over Kazakhstan Krai, forcing Repulaea to enter the Kazkhstan Krai Conflict.
April 2011: Repulaean expeditionary forces launch Operation: Caspian Spring in an effort to oust insurgent forces from Atyrau city and surrounding areas. After 24 hours of continuous strikes, Repulaean ground troops secure Atyrau with few losses.
April 2011: After 3 weeks, the Kazakhstan Krai conflict ends through the settlement of the Ancot Accords.
April 2011: Crown Arch Energy Industrial's world headquarters building, Rossman Tower, in Ancot is finally complete. Being the tallest building on the continent of Predum, it stands at 1,498 feet.
May 2011: With Repulaea's colonial population in the many millions, the Unified Council passes the "Colonial Stimulation Bill" to upgrade colonial production by 50% over the next five years.
June 2011: Minister of Commerce, George Corsel dies at 61 from a heart attack just 9 days after his birthday.
June 2011: The Colonial civilian tanker Attain suffered from an explosion on the ship's lower decks, killing 78 people and wounding 102. The ship limps into port a day later at Port Dynyr.
July 2011: Eastern Stavinova is rocked by a series of three magnitude 6 earthquakes that cause significant damage to local infrastructures. A total of 312 people are reported killed with at least 1,400 more injured, the deadliest earthquake in colonial history.
August 2011: The Castaway III rocket launches into space establishing the first of a series of 6 planned S-2 Advanced Tracking and Information Satellites (ATIS). This one is known as ATIS I.
August 2011: Repulaea signs A Non-Aggression and Commerce Pact with The Confederate States of The West Coast formulating a loose alliance between the two nations.
August 2011: The Unified Council manages to pass the massive "Second Colonial Education Act" to improve funding for the colonial public education system and construct an additional 50 schools, 3 universities, and other educational facilities over the next eight years.
September 2011: The International Statutes Act is passed giving the Executive Branch increased power in escalating International affairs but limits its ability to intervene directly in the affairs of foreign sovereign countries.
January 2012: President Christoph Tannas (L) takes the oath of office after a viciously contested election the previous year, ending 18 years of Conservative administration. At 44, he is the youngest man to take the office since Arthur Ancot. He now faces a Conservative-dominated Congress.
February 2012: In a surprising move, President Tannas appoints Conservative Sir Alexander Cane as his Minister of Defense. Cane was the Chief of the Royal Military Board and President of the Royal College of Commanders under the former Administration. He retains the latter position with his new appointment.
September 2012: Repulaean involvement in The Dalsiph Region Crisis ends when, through a majority vote session, Congress bars President Tannas' executive power in the crisis so as to avoid an escalation to military conflict. Only Repulaea's original humanitarian mission remains.
September 2012: The oil tanker S.R.S. Myriad Mile is destroyed by an underwater attack, most likely a submarine, in the middle of the Moralitin Ocean. The Blackhelm Confederacy's Griffincrest Oil corporation is suspect in this attack due to threats made just days earlier. Overall, 401 civilians are lost with 8 men wounded on the frigate C.R.S. Royal Charge (FGA-1092), making it the bloodiest single Repulaean incident at sea since the loss of the C.R.S. Ithictus. Diplomatic relations are strained with the Confederacy and patrols are increased. Oil and gas prices spike.
October 2012: The October Inquiry begins to ascertain the nature of the Myriad Mile attack. The Tannas Administration comes under severe scrutiny.
November 2012: The Repulaean embassy in Mallaska is attacked by Keymoan special forces, drawing Repulaea into the Gavran War. Ultimately, 24 Repulaeans are killed in the attack including Ambassador Daniel Verian, the first ever Repulaean diplomat killed overseas. A day later, at President Tannas' prompting, an emergency session of the COSPN Security Council votes to deploy a united coalition of 140,000 troops to be deployed to the Gavran Islands. It is the first ever unified COSPN military effort. Soon, the Port Hejarta Military Summit is carried out between Coalition leaders, to decide the strategies and goals of the conflict.
November 2012: Coalition troops land on Mira Island, beginning Operation: Blue Siege.
January 2013: Operation: Blue Siege ends with the capture of Mira Island after the Battle of Markoh, the island's capital. To Repulaea's horror, 553 Repulaeans die in the campaign with COSPN deaths totaling over 1,000. Now, with Repulaea's largest troop surge of 50,000 men, the Coalition prepares to invade the East Gavran mainland itself.
March 2013: After a brutal air campaign, the coalition launches Operation: Minerva, the invasion of East Gavra at Port Utoria. After the capture of the port, coalition forces engage in the most terrible fighting of the war at the Utorian Line. The horrendous fighting there prompts President Tannas to sign into law the Fifth Conscription Act, the first such act since 1972. The following month, the largest troop surge of the war occurs with the President's plan to have half a million Repulaean troops in country.
May 2013: The East Gavran capital of Kemmonabative is captured by Coalition forces. Over 1,000 Repulaeans died in the East Gavran campaign. Now, strategic bombing commences over Keymoa and Central Gavra to cripple the former and force the latter to the negotiating table. Meanwhile, the Battle of the West Keymoan Sea begins when the bulk of the coalition navy engages the two prime fleets of the Keymoan navy. It is the largest single naval battle in Repulaean history.
June 2013: The Battle of the West Keymoan Sea ends in a Coalition victory. Repulaea loses two frigates and 300 personnel. The Coalition launches the final invasion of Keymoa. Named Operation: Archipelago, it is the largest military action of the war involving the largest airborne and amphibious operations in Repulaean military history.
September 2013: With the war in the Gavran Islands drawing to a close, President Tannas and his allies in Congress introduce the General Care Act, nicknamed Repucare, a groundbreaking reintroduction of universal healthcare into the country after the bill's previous incarnation, the Subsidized Care Act, was repealed by Conservatives in 1998.
October 2013: After years of straying from the antiquated Corslem Doctrine, President Tannas officially abandons the policy, embracing what is known as the Tannas Doctrine. Under the new doctrine, interventionist policies on political, humanitarian, economic and military plains are adopted at a global level. To protect and expand the influence and interests of Repulaea and her allies, global interventionism is sanctioned by the Tannas Doctrine. The Tannas Doctrine is the single greatest official change to Repulaean foreign policy since the Grant Corollary of 1970.
November 2013: Repulaea finally joins the World Assembly. Also, after losing a political battle in Congress, Conservatives agree to disband the Special Committee on War Powers and Drone use, a committee, many say, that was formed specifically to harm the President's image during the war.
November 2013: The Gavran War officially comes to an end with the signing of the Markoh Resolution at the Markoh Conference on Mira Island. It ends one year to the day that Repulaean entered the war. In total, 3,623 Repulaeans were killed in the brutal year long conflict known to many veterans as the "Year of Hell". Now the Joint Coalition Alliance of Gavra (JCAG) assumed reconstruction duties in the region with COSPN given occupational duties of East Gavra. Regional reconstruction begins in the region under the Tash Plan, named for the strategy's chief architect Foreign Minister Eliot Tash. Also, an interdiction zone is established over Central Gavran airspace. After a fast-paced, bloody conflict which ended the lives of about 300,000 people region-wide, Repulaean troops are finally able to come home and the Fifth Conscription Act is repealed the day after the signing of the Markoh Resolution.
December 2013: The Repulaean Congress passes two landmark bills. The first, the General Care Act, institutes the first universal healthcare system in Repulaea, called Repucare, which will begind preliminary enrollment periods for low income people in 2014 and will take full effect in 2015. The second bill, the Marital Equality Act, legalizes same sex marriage in Repulaea. Both were passed only with slim Liberal majorities.
December 2013: In the postwar Gavran Islands, the Repulaean Royal Air Force launches a limited air campaign against pro-regime insurgents in Regina Province of East Gavra to support an East Gavran government offensive there. After just four days, the insurgency is crushed and order is restored to Regina Province.
December 2013: The Predum Financial Crisis in Silvion, Euneia and Serany hit new lows with the stock market plunge of Red Wednesday on the 18th. It is the single largest economic downturn in Predum history since 1968. Though Repulaea's growing economy remained largely unaffected, it continues to be the continent's chief creditor nation in the crisis.
December 2013: The United Archdiocese of Ecclesia Repulaea officially joins the Urceopolitan See under Pope Urban IX after years of de facto separation from the Holy See. Former Archbishop Albert Joshuana is made a cardinal and the Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops.
January 2014: In response to the start of the Civil War in Keymoa and to aid its Mallaskan allies fighting to retain the new democratic government there, Repulaea launches Operation Boar's Snout, a limited campaign of air strikes and special forces operations against the pro-regime Keymoan Liberation Army (KLA).
February 2014: After citing heart health problems, Arthur Tule officially steps down from the vice presidency at 66. He is replaced by former Congressional Majority Leader Alexa Trent.
March 2014: President Christoph Tannas is killed in a dual bombing by two KLA extremists at a veteran's fundraiser in Estia. An assassination of a Repulaean president had not been seen since 1945. The intelligence and security failure prompts many resignations from the Executive Security agency, including its chief Martin Roose. 17 people in total were killed in the deadliest terror attack on Repulaean soil in 30 years. Alexa Trent, after being Vice President for an astounding 8 days, is sworn in as President. She declares a national state of emergency, the first time this has happened since 1984, and sends troops into Keymoa as the nation mourns the loss of a largely popular president. Trent is only the second female president in Repulaean history.
May 2014: KLA sponsored bombings occur at a Repulaean Royal Navy hospital in the Killow Isles and at Southman Bank Tower in Anstrona killing 47 and 817 people respectively. The Southman Tower bombing is the deadliest single terror attack on Repulaean soil, marking an escelation of the Keymoan Civil War and tensions with Central Gavra who is accused of harboring the KLA leadership.
June 2014: With the indirect support of JCAG, pro-democracy rebel forces launch a swift coup in Central Gavra, ousting the longtime dictator Jektras Helm to evaded prosecution for crimes against humanity after the Gavran War. The country now joins the other nations in the Gavran region under JCAG's wing of reconstructive aid.
July 2014: Just days following the caputre of the KLA leader Markos Draniv, the Coalition combat mission in Keymoa is declared over and after seven months, the Keymoan Civil War ends. JCAG now prepares for socioeconomic reconstruction at a regional level while Repulaea draws down troop levels in Keymoa and East Gavra.
August 2014: Chief Justice of the Judicial Forum Eden Talian dies at the age of 90. His 36 years in the position are more than any other chief justice in Repulaean history.
September 2014: Associate Justice Elia Pantar of the Judicial Forum's 15th Seat becomes the first woman ever confirmed to the position of Chief Justice.
November 2014: President Trent signs Executive Order 1213 which establishes the Ministry of Social Welfare to centralize public welfare services such as CIAD and PWC under one organization.
March 2015: the Ministry of Social Welfare is established and Christine Maxen, former domestic policy advisor under Presidents Tannas and Trent, is confirmed as the first Minister of Social Welfare.

by **Repulaea** » Thu Nov 04, 2010 9:30 pm

The Nation

The Home Continent

The Home Country
(Pop. 418,000,000)

Colonial Possessions

The Colonial Flags:

The Ketirine Islands

Repulaean Fyllmora (New Repulaea)

Stavinova

Gavran Occupation

Since the end of the Gavran War in 2013 and subsequent conflicts, Repulaea, as part of the Joint Coalition Alliance of Gavra (JCAG), oversees the restoration and stability of the Gavran continent (sometimes called the Gavran Islands) as it reconstructs. With the occupational duties of the thinning JCAG troops levels slowly winding down, there are still about 30,000 Repulaean troops in East Gavra and another 30,000 in Keymoa. COSPN largely provides the security for East Gavra, the country being divided into four zones of jurisdiction, while Mallaska and some Repulaean forces oversee Keymoa in the wake of its Civil War. JCAG advisers have also been deployed to Central Gavra after their revolution in June of 2014 which saw the ouster of longtime dictator Jektras Helm. The headquarters for COSPN forces in the region as well as Repulaea's Gavran Command (under Vice Admiral Jared Tanson) are at Port Utoria, East Gavra. Overall, JCAG works to establish peace and stability in the region after a tumultuous few years so that one day the Gavran states may be able to make for themselves sturdy and prosperous countries. For now, however, the governments and armed forces of East Gavra and Keymoa are still largely under the supervision of JCAG while Central Gavra is allotted a bit more independence.

Top 10 Largest Repulaean Cities
1. Anstrona (Pop. 20,000,000)
2. Norslem (Pop. 15,000,000)
3. Estia (Pop. 11,000,000)
4. Christobol Parish (Pop. 10,000,000)
5. Esroth (Pop. 9,000,000)
6. Corton (Pop. 8,000,000
7. Gellai (Pop. 7,000,000)
8. Ancot (Pop. 6,000,000)
9. Strent (Pop. 5,000,000)
10. Hegrane (Pop. 4,000,000)

by **Repulaea** » Thu Nov 04, 2010 10:45 pm

Government

Structure and Operation

The Federal Government of Repulaea was formed to be a separate government entity from the Crown. Since the death of President Arthur Ancot in 1938 and the Republican Movement of the 1930s, the Federal Government evolved to near republican status in a political environment that now completely negates the legal power of the Sovereign and recognizes the Monarch only as the symbolic head of state. Structurally tantamount to a typical republican federal framework, Repulaea's Federal Government is headed by an executive with a unicameral legislature and judiciary as well. Commonly (and somewhat informally) called a "republican monarchy", Repulaea is a republic in all but name.

Branches

Executive: Officially known as the Royal Ministerial Executive, the executive branch encompasses the President and his/her cabinet. Unlike most constitutional monarchies, Repulaea prides itself on maintaining a president rather than a prime minister, conveying an inclination to uphold the republican values the nation holds most dear. In light of this, the president has the duty of fostering relations between the monarchy and the Federal Government as well as controlling much of the Federal Government's bureaucracy. The president has the power to veto any bill put forth by the Congressional Council and to force rulings by the judiciary to be reexamined (in most cases). The president also hones the power of the executive privilege, which protects the president's right to withhold information from the nation, even the monarch, if it pertains to cabinet operations or national security. One of the executive's most potent abilities is his/her power to use the executive order which mandates the performing of a swift action specified by the president for purposes of national security and stability. It can be used to force Congress to come to a decision on an issue and to enforce instant but temporary reforms to Federal budget. It has also been the excuse of many executives to engage in offensive military action without consulting Congress regarding an official declaration of war or Bellum Geremus. In fact, only twice has a Bellum Geremus ever been officially declared in Repulaean military history, the rest of the conflicts owing to an executive order. The current executive is Alexa Trent, the 16th President of Repulaea. The next presidential election is in 2017.

Control: Liberal

Legislative: Officially known as the Unified Congressional Council (UCC), but most commonly referred to as just the Congress, the legislature of Repulaea is the unicameral governing body which passes bills, resolutions, declarations and initiatives for the good of the people. There are 650 seats in Congress, 50 from each of Repulaea's 5 provinces and 150 from the combined colonies (50 from each). Each congressman or congresswoman, representing their respective congressional district (each province and colony is divided into 50), holds a seat for two years and may serve a maximum of 10 terms. After every election, the majority party caucus elects (or retains) the Speaker of the Congressional Council, the most powerful single position in the Congress. This position, along with the majority and minority leaders, whips and caucus chairpersons, runs the Congressional leadership from within. The Congressional majority is always likely to shift. Only once in the nation's history (the 2nd Congress in 1913) was the whole congress divided evenly. The division, however, was engineered that way by President Arthur Ancot to ensure stability. Congress has the power to oppose both judicial and executive actions. It also carries the power to declare Bellum Geremus, to impeach the executive, impeach a member of the Judicial Forum, to pass tax legislation and to pass any other laws that fall under the protective blanket of constitutionality. Generally, the Congress has supremacy over the individual provinces and colonies. General Federal Education, however, though it is based in the legislature's power, is controlled and carried out by the provinces' five separate educational systems as well as the colonial education systems. Congress also has the responsibility to approve all executive appointments to major positions with the exception of the Vice Presidency which is at the total discretion of the executive. The current Congress is the 52nd. The next Congressional election is in 2016.

Control of the 52nd Congress: Liberal - 398/252 - Conservative

Judicial: The Judiciary of Repulaea consists of the Judicial Forum, a large supreme court body of 25 justices, 24 of which are elected by Congress for 6 year terms. Each justice may only be elected once. Each judicial election is carried out every six years by the Congress in which a new "bench" of associate justices are elected. One chief justice is nominated by the President (but is still subject to Congressional approval) to act as an objective balancing force in the body. He/she is the only member of the Judicial Forum allowed to abstain from a vote on an issue and is the only member of the judiciary who is not elected by Congress. Also, unlike the associate justices in the Forum, the chief justice may hold his/her position for life. The judicial branch has the power to oppose the actions made by both the executive and legislative branches as well as to stop actions made by one for or against the other. The judiciary has the power to proclaim any action made by any branch unconstitutional should it seem to meet the criteria for such. Then, by process of judicial review, the Forum has the right to determine the action's constitutionality. The Judicial Forum may ratify amendments to the Indenture of Unity's Constitution and may alter or abolish laws for the sake of legality. The court also has the right to make judicial judgments on key national issues brought fourth before its body. The next judicial election cycle is in 2018.

Important Judicial Forum Rulings

Marsby v. Kelis (1911):

Nemix v. Norburn (1938):

With the death of President Arthur Ancot and no vice president to assume his office, Queen Esthia scouted for new replacements. She seemed to settle upon Matthew Maddox Nemix, a hard line Conservative civil parliamentarian in Neslin and sometime congressional activist. Antony Norburn, the proud Liberal governor of Telemy, however, opposed this decision, Nemix being a bitter rival of his. He demanded that a Federal election be held instead by members of the Congress. When the Crown seemed sure to disregard his demands, he took the matter to the Fudicial Forum, claiming that the Monarch's ability to appoint presidents deprived the people of their natural right to partake in a free election which was common place for almost every level of civil government except the highest; the presidency of the Constitutional Monarchy. He also argued that it invoked the influence of majority rule with a biased Monarch who would almost assuredly chose a Conservative candidate, despite the vastly growing Liberal and republican sentiment in the country and Congress."What is a constitutional monarchy if it is neither constitutional nor representative of the people's will in any sense?" claimed Norburn in his initial appeal to the Judicial Forum. "Is this country not just a Monarchy with two heads? i.e. those being the President's and Her Majesty's." A spiteful Nemix fought back, arguing for the Indenture of Unity's expressed decree that the Crown chose the head of the Federal Government, an sentiment that already was losing support throughout the country, even among many Conservatives. Nemix, therefore, found few friends, save the Crown.

On August 29, 1938, the Judicial Forum ruled in favor of Norburn, a shocking turn of events that surprised the whole nation. The ruling was made on the grounds that the royal appointment of a president contradicted the Free Election and Public Franchise Clause of the Indenture of Unity. No longer could the Monarch appoint presidents of the Federal Government. However, there was a catch for Norburn. The election would not be held in the Congress by its representatives, most of whom expressed support for Norburn. Rather, the people themselves were given the right to directly elect the president, following the Euneian republican model of a similar framework. All citizens, man or women, of eighteen years or older were allowed to vote for the first time in the Constitutional Monarchy's first presidential election one month later. Ironically despite all the effort he put into the effort to obtain an election, Norburn lost his party's nomination to fellow Liberal Arliegh Corslem. The ruling became the basis for the 1st Amendment to the Indenture of Unity which established direct presidential elections and struck down the legitimacy of the Marsby v. Kelis case of 1911, affirming once and for all that the presidency of Repulaea was no longer a royal appointment but a public office open to election. Nemix v. Norburn remains a watershed case which opened the door to even more reforms that helped spur on the republican sentiment of the late 1930s and early 1940s.

Paulus v. Crown (1939):

With Repulaea's entrance into the Continental War in June 1939, a vast mustering of the nation's already scanty military force began. General Trevors Anuew, quartermaster general of the Repulaean Army, made an official request to President Arliegh Corslem to loosen restrictions of military operations by the government. When tampering with this issue in the court, the President and his Liberal supports touched upon the matter of the official supremacy of the Monarchy over many Federal operations, including the dispatch of military forces and national conscription. Already injured by the Nemix v. Norburn case in 1938, Queen Esthia II opposed the notion of a totally Federal military force and took the matter to the Judicial Forum in an effort to save the waning power of her throne. She was the first ever Repulaean monarch whose interests have been decided by commoners in a Federal court. Thadian Paulus, a Liberal congressman from Nedrinn, took up the case for the Federal government. Esthia countered Paulus' assertion that "A free military is an efficient one" with her own assertion that President Corslem's war was being waged through extralegal means since, unlike President Ancot in 1928, President Corslem did not consult with the Monarch before going to war. This took the case on an entirely new course, ultimately questioning the power of the Federal Government against that of the Monarch as well as the allowed powers of the President's own office. Much hinged on the decision. Few could imagine the Federal Government having sole responsibility for the military and fewer thought the Federal Government could manage such a responsibility without the legitimacy of the Crown. Also, if the President's war was to be declared invalid, the court, as well as bitter Conservatives in the Congress, could push for the withdraw of Repulaean forces, surely damning the aspirations of the Predum Coalition's war effort.

In light of these facts, the Court made its landmark ruling on August 12, 1939. The Judicial Forum ruled almost totally in favor of Thadian Paulus. Firstly, the President's deployment of troops and the Congress' Bellum Geremus was deemed lawful and constitutional, giving the Federal Government free reign with the military under the new confines of the law. This decision was made in light of the overwhelming international issues that would arise in the event of a sudden Repulaean withdrawal from the war. In addition, the court upheld the right of the executive branch to use the executive order for military purposes (citing the many executive orders used in the deployment of troops and allocation of resources during the Continental War), revoked the Crown's total control over the military, designated the whole military as "an element under the entire authority of the banner of the Federal State", and severely limited the Monarch's ability to influence the Federal Government, effectively rendering the monarch a figurehead and a head of state in name only. The case is one of the most influential in Repulaean history and forever charged republican sentiment. Queen Esthia's popularity in her early reign dropped and a schism opened between the Federal Government and the crown that would not be mended until President Edgar Mundae in the mid 1940s. Despite this ruling, the Repulaean military is still technically referred to as "The Crown's Military" or "The Royal Military" to this day, embodying the national pride that comes with traditional fealty to the Crown.

Danalaeus v. Keet (1946):

After the Eastern Rush of the mid 1940's, including the establishment of the Repulaean Fyllmora and Stavinova colonies, the colonial lobbying interests in Repulaea grow in power. With each colony only holding as many 5 representatives, dissatisfaction began to mount among the rapidly growing colonial population. Soon, many colonials begin pushing for colonial inclusion in the Equal Apportionment Clause of the Indenture of Unity. President Mundae, who was in favor of equal representation since his congressional days in the late 1930's, had worked closely with colonial lobbying efforts. With his assassination in 1945, the effort to equalize representation fell on the shoulders of the new President Vincent Tilsa. He worked tirelessly to push a the Equal Colonial Apportionment and Representation Act through the Congressional Council. With the Act's passage in late 1945, the debate entered a new phase. The Liberal Party who, at the time, had only a small voting base in the colonies (since they were predominantly Conservative up until the mid 1980's) was vehemently opposed to the bill and worked it through the proper channels toward the Judicial Forum to determine its constitutionality. Two Ancot attorneys, Joseph Danalaeus and Danial Keet faced off in the courts. The former was a member of the Liberal Democratic Forum while the latter was vice chair of the Colonial Apportionment League (not to be confused with the radical Colonial Sovereignty League, which lead to much confusion and controversy regarding Keet's involvement in the case proceedings). After two weeks of deliberations, including a failed attempt be Mr. Danalaeus to bribe Chief Justice Albert Kras Holding, the Forum voted unanimously in favor of the Keet's case to uphold the legitimacy of the Equal Colonial Apportionment and Representation Act. As a result, all Repulaean colonies were given equal representation in Congress with the home provinces. Each colony, like the home provinces was redistricted into 50 congressional districts and apportioned 50 seats in Congress, raising the total number of congressional seats to 650 where it still stand today.

Kalkus v. Summers (2007):

Political Parties

Leaders and the Current Administration

Presidents of the Constitutional Monarchy [ † = Died in office, ‡ = Assassinated, * = Resigned ]
Arthur Ancot -C- (1910-1938) †
Arliegh Corslem -L- (1939-1944)
Edgar Mundae -C- (1944-1945) † ‡
Vincent Tilsa -C- (1945-1949)
Dorian Kale -L- (1949-1959)
Davis Keenes -C- (1959-1964)
Osthisia Grant -L- (1964-1974)
Ross Junctia -C- (1974-1984)
Adam Casdin -L- (1984-1989) †
Marcus Reeves -L- (1989-1994)
Adrian Maekin -C- (1994-1999)
William Gadon -C- (1999-2004)
Aaron Carth -C- (2004-2007) *
Andrew Barr -C- (2007-2012)
Christoph Tannas -L- (2012-2014) † ‡
Alexa Trent -L- (2014-Present)

The Executive and Current Cabinet

Senior Executive Staff
Chief of Staff: Adam Drale
Deputy Chief of Staff: Carner Wrally
Director of Executive Affairs: Ronald Trace
Director of Executive Communications: Midian Morwright
Deputy Director of Executive Communications: Lily Kalis
Executive Press Secretary: Lewis Drake
Director of Speechwriting: Jonathan Drespus
Deputy Director of Speechwriting: Annabelle Thess
Chief Policy Advisor: Adam Rosebard
Senior Domestic Policy Advisors: Lewis Crane, Lilian Jilus, Lana Crey
Senior Foreign Policy Advisors: Brad Shaelus, Mark Corinth, Isabelle Wreath, Jack Davinus
Senior Economic Advisors: Marcus Dess, Jacqueline Traynus
Senior Security Advisors: Justin Panitarus, Michael Kaeyl, Patricia Vesterian
Legislative Liason: John Carnow
Public Liason: Bernice Croffer
Director of Advance: Julian Cramus
Director of Media Management: Ana Lunus
Senior Executive Counsel: Janice Traynard
Deputy Executive Counsel: Daniel Drine

Additional Appointments

The Monarchy

Since the republican reforms of the late 1930's, the Crown has held almost no official governmental power and acts only in a figurehead role as the head of state. The monarch's duties are entirely to the nation, its well-being, its morale and its spirit. Despite the fact that all legislation still requires royal assent, monarchs since the republican reforms have been compelled to approve all laws passed by the people's representatives. Though the monarch is still technically invested with the power to refuse assent, no Monarch has ever used that power . Queen Esthia II threatened to refuse to give assent to the Provisional Sovereignty Act in 1943 but was advised against it in light of her unpopularity with the people.

The monarch meets with either the President or his/her cabinet on a weekly basis to discuss maters of importance and coordinates with the government in all public matters, however the Crown's role remains purely symbolic. The Federal Government is closer to a republican entity than a ministerial body and remains separate from the Crown. The ruling house of the monarchy is the House of Cadius which has been in existence since 1728, making it the longest continuously ruling royal dynasty on the continent of Predum.

Note: Since the Royal Predominance Act of 1929, male issue no longer take presidence over females when it comes to ascension to the throne. Rather, presidence comes from age alone. Thus, the eldest of a monarch's issue is considered the legitimate heir to the throne, regardless of sex. Esthia II was the first monarch to benefit from this statutory change in royal inheritance which marked an end to Repulaean primogeniture. The heir to the throne would have otherwise been Esthia's fourteen year old brother Leo.

Reigns of the Monarchs of the Cadian Dynasty
Leonad I (1728-1738)
Cepman I (1738-1753)
Catican I (1753-1760)
Catican II (1760-1771)
Esthia I (1771-1789)
Jurgon Vehl I (1789-1832)
Cepman II (1832-1838)
Jurgon Vehl II (1838-1899)
Remond I (1899-1930)
Esthia II (1930-1996)
Marcus I (1996-Present)

The Royal Family († = deceased)

Monarch: Marcus I (Marcus Remond Cadius; born January 5, 1970)
Consort: Princess Cornelia, Dutchess of Strent (Nora Cornelia Soren; born March 15, 1971)
Issue: Esthia Nora (17), Magnolia Nora (12), Jonathan Marcus Remond (10)
Siblings: Princess Ella Esthia Ray, Dutchess of Corton, Prince Reold Hower, Earl of Estia †
Predecessor: Esthia II †

by **Repulaea** » Thu Sep 27, 2012 8:21 pm

Military

The Seal of the Royal Armed Forces of Repulaea

The Royal Army

General Information
Founded: February 2, 1922
Motto: "Ut Servo Flos Quod Populus Illic" - "To Serve the Crown and all the People Thereof"
Active Numbers: 1,200,000 personnel (350,000 Reserves)
Special Subdivision: Pathfinder Corps
Chief of Staff: General Zachary Marcer
Standard Infantry Weapons:

RM-10B assault rifle
RM-8 tactical carbine
SNM-97 Submachinegun
SOG-1 Breacher combat shotgun
RM-100 .50 caliber sniper rifle
P-796 flamethrower
RM-130 light squad support machine gun
PC-230 combat pistol
Guardsmen C-7 honor rifle (ceremonial)

Main Vehicles:
RTMWV-8 Kodiak light infantry transport vehicle; .50 cal MG, 7.92mm MG, Dualshock missile deployment system, AN-99 rocket pod
NT-11 Regal main battle tank; 150mm cannon, 7.92 MG x2, .50 cal MG, GB-99 grenade launcher, 20mm cannon x2
ANT-5 Serpent amphibious tank; 102mm cannon, P6 grenade launcher, 30mm cannon, 20mm cannons x2, .50 cal MG
ENT-3 Wasp expeditionary tank; 80mm cannon, p6 grenade launcher, .50 cal MG x2
ERTA-11 Lightening infantry assault vehicle; 80mm cannon, 20mm chain gun, p6 grenade launcher, .50 cal MG x2
RTA-450 Master infantry fighting vehicle; 50mm chain gun turret, 20mm MG, .50 cal MG x2
RT-267 Penance armored fighting vehicle; 60mm chain gun, 20mm MG x2, .50 cal MG
RT-280 Venom reconnaissance tank; 100mm cannon, 20mm cannon x2, GB-99 grenade launcher, .50 cal MG
AE-55 Hunter tank destroyer; 120mm cannon, 20mm chain gun, P6 grenade launcher, 7.92 MG, .50 cal MG
MT-16 Hammer mobile artillery platform; 200mm B-12 cannon, .50 cal MG
Vespa-Airlight LAH-50A Dactyl/LAH-50B Super Dactyl attack helicopter; 30mm BB-22 chain gun, TL-89 air-to-ground missiles, DD-40 air-to-ground rockets (LAH-50A) - 40mm BB-26 chain gun, TL-89 air-to-ground missiles, DD-45 air-to-ground rockets (LAH-50B)
Kinsbrock ACT-15 Skylark combat utility helicopter; 2 .50 caliber machine guns, 2 MP-99 Missile pods, 8 AG-55 anti-armor missiles
Levin ACH-22 Wolverine heavy utility helicopter; 1 .50 caliber machine gun (rear bay)

Uniforms:
Standard Combat
Standard Mountain Combat
Airborne Combat
Pathfinder Corps Combat
Standard Dress
Officer Dress
Pathfinder Dress

Pay Grades/Ranks:

The Royal Navy

General Information
Founded: January 5, 1925
Motto: "Navigare et Pugnare" - "To Sail and To Fight"
Active Personnel Numbers: 400,000 personnel (200,000 Reserves)
Elite Subdivisions: Marine Seawolf Corps, Aquatics Corps (part of Seawolf Corps as of 2014)
Chief of Staff: Admiral Franklin Woasar
Number of Active Vessels: 780
Registration Codes: Fleet Carrier-CRV, Escort Carrier-ERV, Cruiser-NCV, Destroyer-DRD or DRDS, Frigate-FGA, Submarine-RVSS, Transport/medical ship-AANS, Amphibious assault ship-AAV, ACS-Amphibious command ship, Auxiliary/tanker-TTAS or TRV, battleship-BR
Squadron Designations: VCAW-carrier air wing, CVNF-carrier fighter, CVNB-carrier bomber/ground attack, CVNI-carrier interceptor, RV-reconnaissance, SVP-maritime patrol, VT-training, VTE-electronic warfare, VEW-early warning, VLS- logistics, VCC-fleet composite, VRN-maritime search and rescue, HUN-helicopter utility, HCN-helicopter countermeasures, HSN-helicopter anti-submarine, HSS-helicopter strike
Uniforms:
Standard Duty
Standard Working
Specialist Working
Seawolf Combat
Standard Dress
Officer Dress
Seawolf Dress

Pay Grades/Ranks:

Main Aircraft:
Raeboult FAR-196D/E Seawahld multirole fighter (409 active)
Codean AF-53 Virgo V/STOL interceptor (88 active)
Vespa-Airlight NT-45 Shark combat trainer (253 active)
Coswell Aviation NV-70 Castaway (376 active)
Multiple Avionics OI-1 Harbinger combat UAV (118 active)
Codean SI-10A/C Codex surveillance/cyber warfare drone (104 active)
Kinsbrock NCT-13 Mako combat utility helicopter; 2 .50 caliber machine guns, 4 PCL-101 maritime strike missiles, (921 active)
Kinsbrock NCH-19 Orca heavy utility helicopter; 1 .50 caliber machine gun (rear bay), 2 DP-2 depth charge launchers (445 active)

Active Vessel classes:

Eternity class nuclear fleet carrier
Ship's company: 5,500
Numbers active: 9
Active Vessels: C.R.S. Eternity (CRV-101), C.R.S. Valiant Royalty (CRV-129), C.R.S. Fidelity (CRV-181), C.R.S. Pinnacle (CRV-133), C.R.S. Adamant (CRV-117), C.R.S. Serenity (CRV-199), C.R.S. Destiny (CRV-200)*, C.R.S. Prince Hower (CRV-201), C.R.S. Infinite (CRV-202)
Max. operable aircraft: 90
Armament: 20 DIADAM A-40 defense missiles and/or 17 Sealine-80 defense cannons + aircraft armament, 12 anti-missile platforms, 4 cruise missile launchers
Length: 350 meters
Speed: 31 knots

Norslem class escort carrier
Ship's company: 800-1,000.
Numbers Active: 15
Max. operable aircraft: 40
Armament: 10 DIADAM A-10 defense missiles and/or 5 Sealine-80 defense cannons + aircraft armament, 10 anti-missile platforms
Length: 176 meters
Speed: 29.3 knots

Predum class heavy cruiser
Ship's company: 450
Numbers active: 20
Max. operable aircraft: 2 medium-sized helicopters
Armament: 2 Mk 101 5 in. turrets, 2 Mk 2 defense turrets, 6 Seacrane D-45 SAMs, 4 RT-850 Raptor torpedo tubes, 4 Mk 13 or 4 Mk 16 long range attack missiles, 8 anti-missile platforms
Length: 173 meters
Speed: 30.2 knots

Junctia class guided missile cruiser
Ship's company: 325
Numbers active: 12
Max. operable aircraft: 2 medium-sized helicopters
Armament: 2 Mk 101 5 in. turrets, 6 Mk 3 defense turrets, 6 Seacrane D-45 SAMs, 2 RT Raptor torpedo tubes 10 Mk 16 long range attack missiles, 4 Mk 19 vertical launch systems, 8 anti-missile platforms
Length: 188 meters
Speed: 30.2 knots

Earl Cane class guided missile destroyer
Ship's company: 300
Numbers active: 25
Max. operable aircraft: 1 medium sized helicopter
Armament: 1 Mk 101 5 in. turret, 2 Mk 3 defense turrets, 4 Seacrane D-45 SAMs, 4 Mk 8 medium torpedo tubes, 4 class 68-c missile platforms, 5 anti-missile platforms
Length: 151 meters
Speed: 30 knots

Richard S. Woodfield class destroyer
Ship's company: 300
Numbers active: 34
Max. operable aircraft: 1 medium sized helicopter
Armament: 1 Mk 101 5 in. turret, 2 Mk 3 defense turrets, 4 Seacrane D-45 SAMs, 8 Mk 9 medium torpedo tubes, 4 class 118-f missile platforms, 5 anti-missile platforms
Length: 144 meters
Speed: 30 knots

Annadoa class destroyer
Ship's company: 320
Numbers active: 31
Max. operable aircraft: 1 medium sized helicopter
Armament: 1 Mk 101 5in. turret, 2 Mk 2 defense turrets, 6 Seacrane D-45 SAMs, 5 Mk 8 medium torpedo tubes, 4 class 65-c missile platforms, 5 anti-missile platforms
Length: 141 meters
Speed: 30 knots

Estia class frigate
Ship's company: 185
Numbers active: 42
Max. operable aircraft: 1 medium-sized helicopter
Armament: 1 Mk 101 5 in. turret, 1 Mk 3 defense turret, 4 A-42 SAMs, 4 Mk 8 torpedo tubes, 4 class 68-c missile platforms, 5 anti-missile platforms
Length: 135 meters
Speed: 34.2 knots

Leviathan Crown class frigate
Ship's company: 135
Numbers active: 21
Max. operable aircraft: 1 medium-sized helicopter
Armament: 1 Mk 101 5 in. turret, 2 Mk 3 defense turrets, 5 A-42 SAMs, 4 Mk 8 torpedo tubes, 2 RADION L-3 anti-ship missiles, 4 class 123-r missile platforms, 5 anti-missile platforms
Length: 129 meters
Speed: 35.5 knots

Remnant class missile frigate
Ship's company: 100-120
Numbers active: 38
Max. operable aircraft: 1 medium-sized helicopter
Armament: 1 Mk 101 5 in. turret, 2 Mk 3 defense turrets, 6 A-42 SAMs, 4 Mk 8 torpedo tubes, 8 class 123-r missile platforms, 5 anti-missile platforms
Length: 118 meters
Speed: 33.8 knots

Gunther Rose class auxiliary supply and transport ship (ASTS)
Ship's company: 450 crew + 1,000 troops
Numbers active: 136
Max. operable aircraft: 4 operable large-sized helicopters + more in storage
Armament: 5 Mk 3 defense turrets, 10 anti-missile platforms
Length: 220 meters
Speed: 20 knots

Cape Ram class amphibious transport dock
Ship's company: 300 crew + 600 troops
Numbers active: 227
Max. operable aircraft: 4 operable helicopter + more in storage
Armament: 3 Mk 3 defense turrets, 8 anti-missile platforms
Length: 200 meters
Speed: 25.3 knots

Falcon Class Dock Landing Ship
Ship's Company: 350 crew + 600 troops/additional personnel
Numbers Active: 152
Max. operable aircraft: 4 helicopters
Armament: 2 Mk 3 defense turrets, 5 anti-missile platforms, 2 50mm cannons
Length: 190 meters
Speed: 23 knots

Halchionite Class amphibious command ship
Ship's company: 520 + 1,000 troops
Numbers active: 19
Max. operable aircraft: 8 helicopters
Armament: 2 5 in. turret, 8 cruise missile launchers, 8 lateral defense turrets, 3 missile pods, 4 depth charge launchers, 4 50mm cannons
Length: 275 meters
Speed: 30 knots

Continental class amphibious assault ship
Ship's company: 1,000 crew + 2,000 troops
Numbers active: 25
Max. operable aircraft: 20 helicopters operable + more in storage, 10-15 operable fighter aircraft
Armament: 2 Mk 3 defense turrets, 10 anti-missile platforms, 4 lateral defense guns, 4 type 98 torpedo tubes
Length: 250 meters
Speed: 25.8 knots

Haeden class fast attack submarine
Ship's company: 75
Numbers active: 20
Max. operable aircraft: 0
Armament: 4 AAT-190 surface attack missiles, 4 Mk 10 torpedo launchers, 8 Mk 18B anti-surface ship torpedo launchers
Length: 99 meters
Speed: 20 knots surfaced, 25 knots submerged

Padinguard IV class nuclear ballistic missile submarine
Ship's Company: 150
Numbers Active: 5
Active Vessels: C.R.S. Padinguard IV (RVSS-6060), C.R.S. Remond I (RVSS-6077), C.R.S. Leonad I (RVSS-6084), C.R.S. Catican II (RVSS-6088), C.R.S. Esthia II (RVSS-6090)
Max. operable aircraft: 0
Armament: 10 AAT-200-A surface attack missile launchers, 3 Mk 10 torpedo launchers, 3 Mk 11 torpedo launchers, 6 RCN-117 ICBM launchers
Length: 135 meters
Speed: 20 knots surfaced, 29 knots submerged

Council Class battleship
[RESERVE STATUS]
Ship's company: 2,000
Numbers active: 5
Vessels: C.R.S. Council (BR-160), C.R.S. Capital (BR-161), C.R.S. Sovereignty (BR-162), C.R.S. Goliath (BR-163), C.R.S. United (BR-164)
Max. operable aircraft: 1 float plane
Armament: 3 16 in. turrets (3 cannons per turret), 6 dual 5 in. turrets, 6 cruise missile launchers, dual anti-missile defense system
Length: 310 meters
Speed: 28.8 knots

The Royal Air Force

General Information
Founded: May 28, 1931
Motto: "Vires Per Illa Caeli" - "Might Throughout These Skies"
Active Numbers: 220,000 personnel (89,000,000 Reserves)
Elite Subdivision: Wolfpack Corps
Chief of Staff: General Adrian Mark
Uniforms:
Standard Flight
Ground Security
Wolfpack Combat
Standard Dress
Officer Dress
Wolfpack Dress

Main Aircraft:

Raeboult FAR-196C/D Oswahld multirole fighter (678 active)
Eastgroup NF-135A/B Pinnacle advanced multi-role tactical combat fighter (80)
Vespa-Airlight TAF-44 Leonov combat trainer (552 active)
McCellin GS-101 Zebra gunship (277 active)
Vespa-Airlight TS-18 Helmfinder light cargo craft (122 active)
Vespa-Airlight TS-23 David transport (52 active)
Vespa-Airlight TS-48 Ecliptico light transport (223 active)
Vespa-Airlight TS-50 Raider light transport (216 active)
Vespa-Airlight TS-53 Nordic heavy combat transport (1,212 active)
Coswell Aviation TS-80 Valiant heavy transport craft (615 active)
Stringer E-89D Odyssey strategic bomber (488 active)
Vehnt-Hesley EB-4B Tantalus supersonic heavy bomber (404 active)
Stringer E-I2A Nightfire stealth bomber (25 active)
Multiple Avionics OI-1 Harbinger combat UAV (538 active)
Codean SI-10A/C Codex surveillance/cyber warfare drone (367 active)

Pay Grades/Ranks:

Notable Retired Aircraft
Vespa A-1/26 (1926-1932)

After the Southwestern Agricultural Consortium produced Predum's first true aircraft in 1919, the Repulaean military still did not see the potential in utilizing aviation for military use. It was not until the Summer of 1924 that an order was placed for a military grade aircraft. Initially, the Royal Army submitted the order to Southwestern Agricultural Consortium's production branch but they failed to produce anything that met the Army's standards. The going in this selection process was difficult due to the fact that there were no aerospace contractors yet in Repulaea or in the whole of Predum. Then, a young entrepreneur by the name of John Vespa, who had founded the Vespa Automobile Repair Company in 1918, took the challenge. Within a year, he had a viable military grade biplane that was designated the PP-1. The next year, it impressed military staff from all over the continent in the first annual Predum Performance Trials for Aircraft. It won first place in speed and maneuverability along with numerous other accolades. One of its pilots that day was none other than the future head of the Repulaean Air Force, then Colonel Lucas Oswahld. The very next month, on April 17, 1926, the military issued its first official order for 55 of these new planes which received the new military designation A-1/26. With the outbreak of the Annadoa War two years later, the A-1/26 saw its first and only bout of combat in the skies over Iyees where, during the Sren campaign, it provided pivotal close air support for Repulaean ground troops. Post-War variants of the A-1/26 include the Royal Army's SA-29 scout plane and the Royal Navy's PA-1 float plane. When King Remond I died in 1930, a flight of 25 A-1/26 fighters flew in formation over his funeral procession as one of the aircraft's final military duties. The A-1 continued to serve into the creation of the Repulaean Royal Air Force until it was retired from service in 1932. During its brief service life, a total of 550 A-1/26's were produced. Today, only two survive intact, one of which is a flyable example housed at the Royal Aerospace Museum in Ancot.

Vespa PT-27 Winghawk (1933-1937)

Stringer YPR-90 Viper (1932-1935)

Danikin-Hayleigh PR-124 Corinth (1934-1942)

Renikin Front CB-2/Vehnt ACB-3 Calypso (1939-1977)

Stringer PR-180 Fury (1940-1945)

In August 1939, just two days after Repulaea's declaration of war on Fascist Serany, the Ministry of Defense issued a contract to construct a brand new fighter aircraft that could match the vaunted Seran i2iC which was introduced that same month. No plane on the continent could yet compare to the power, speed, range and agility of the i2iC, Serany's premier fighter aircraft in the latter half of war. Among many designs was Stringer's XRPR-155 which was selected for immediate testing by the Royal Air Force due to its great promise in early trials. Designated the YPR-180, the air frame was one of the most innovative and sturdy yet seen in Predum aeronautics. Designed by aerospace pioneer Doug "Bull" Kreegs, the YPR-180 was so impressive that the Royal Air Force ordered a total of 10,000 of them, the single largest aircraft order in Repulaean history. The PR-180 Fury, as it came to be officially known, was rushed into production more speedily than any other military aircraft in Repulaean history. By February 1940, the first 1,000 planes were delivered to the Royal Air Force just in time to take part in the Repulaean counteroffensive into Seran occupied Silvion. The introduction and widespread usage of the PR-180 Fury became one of the most important factors in turning the tide of the losing air war with Serany, i2iC fighters being frequently outmatched by the Fury's speed and agility along with its impressive four .50 caliber wing-mounted machine guns. The early A through D models saw largely defensive action in southern Silvion. The most mass produced model, the E, and its sister F design served until the end of the war in a largely offensive capacity with far reaching successes in hunter-killer type tasks or bomber escort missions. The PRAT-10, a converted PR-180D, was also used as a ground attack aircraft throughout the war with nearly 1,000 being built. The later PR-180 models, with their new and improved Type RU-390 superchargers, took to the skies with a vengeance against the now outdated and outmatched Seran air forces. President Ross Junctia, who piloted a Fury throughout the war, said it was "the greatest airplane ever created by man's hands" as it kept him alive in the deadly South Seran skies and earned him ten victories. The PR-180 Fury remains the premier fighter aircraft of the Continental War serving in the air forces of every Coalition power and boasting a stunning 10:1 kill to loss ratio in combat. The Fury was retired in 1945 after a brief but important career and remains the most significant Repulaean icon of the air war over Predum during the Continental War today. A total of 402 Furies still remain intact today, 231 of them being in flying condition. The PR-180 Fury is widely regarded as the best fighter aircraft of the Continental War.

Vehnt AR-12 Privateer (1948-1969)

Vehnt AR/N-59 Cobra (1952-1965)

Vehnt R-55 Sirius (1955-2008)

Raebolt FAR-83 Tempest (1960-1983)

Stringer E-101 Viper II (1965-1996)

Raebolt FAR-116 Hazard (1979-2006)

DIADAM RS-8 Nightingale stealth strike craft (1993-2013)

Raeboult FAR-118 Turmoil multi-role fighter/Raeboult FAR/N-118D Turmoil multi-role fighter (1989-2014)

In the late 1970s, the Repulaean Royal Air Force began a comprehensive search for a replacement for the Stringer E-101 Viper II. Raebolt, well aware of the fact that its competitors were planning to woo the Air Force with their own designs,composed a totally new air frame in record time. Called the YFAR-10 Jack, it was an exemplary aircraft, surpassing all expectations in early flight and performance trials. By 1985, the aircraft was in full production and now wholly in the race for the empty spot in the air force's two-fighter system. In 1988, the Royal Air Force finally chose the Raebolt design to eventually replace Stringer's Viper II. In early 1989, the first of Raebolt's new FAR-118 Turmoil fighters were delivered to the Air Force. The FAR-118 was a groundbreaking new modern multi-role fighter. Its versatility and ruggedness made it instantly popular with pilots and staff while ground crew universally appreciated the design's modern simplicity. The Turmoil replaced the Viper II in 1994 and assumed its place as the Air Force's second fighter in the two-fighter system alongside the FAR-116 Hazard. Within a year of the Turmoil's delivery to the Air Force, the Royal Navy ordered its own and an entirely new FAR/N seaborne air frame was conceived. The FAR/N-118D entered service with the Royal Navy in 1999. It featured a two-seat configuration with strengthened ailerons and maritime navigational systems. The FAR-118 saw no combat until the last few years of its service life. By 2007, the end of the two-fighter system was already in the works and the older FAR-118 was on the chopping block when compared to its modern FAR-196 Oswahld counterpart which entered service with the Air Force and Navy in 2000. Still, several wings of FAR-118 Turmoils saw combat over Kazakhstan-Krai in 2011, performing well for their supposed age. The Turmoil's moment of glory, however, came during the Gavran war when, in 2012, seven Air Force and three Navy squadrons of Turmoil aircraft were deployed to the Gavran Islands in a combat role. Knowing that the Turmoil was slated for retirement in 2014, the Repulaean military still ran the risk of sending their remaining models into combat. Throughout the war, the Turmoil performed brilliantly in a limited air-to-air role and a very prominent air-to-ground role. They continued to serve through the whole conflict despite their numbers decreasing monthly due to the impending retirement. By the end of the war, only two squadrons of Turmoils remained in the Gavran islands, both being withdrawn within a month. By early 2014, the last of Repulaea's FAR-118 Turmoil fighters were retired from active service, marking the end of Repulaea's two-fighter system and leaving the FAR-196 Oswahld as Repulaea's chief multi-role fighter. Nearly 1,500 Turmoils were built since production began in 1985 (ending in 2010) making it the most produced jet fighter in Repulaean history. The majority of the remaining Turmoils are currently being sold off to foreign militaries and other interests such a museums. Currently, a other COSPN nations operate the FAR-118 in some capacity and a large number are being sold to East Gavra for use in their developing air force. The FAR-118 Turmoil is widely credited as the "come back kid of fighters" as it managed to eek in a considerable combat record just months before it was retired from service. As the chief air-to-ground fighter of the Gavran War, it is widely popular among veterans and military enthusiasts and is regarded today as one of Repulaea's greatest ever combat aircraft.

Notable Enemy Aircraft

Strikeena A 135 (1929-1941)

Saybo i2iB Luro (Hound) (1933-1941)

Saybo i2iC Vákroya (Marauder) (1938-1941)

Gadoya i3iA Suro (Eagle) (1940-1941)

Main Military Decorations
Catican Legion
Blue Star
Royal [Army/Navy/Air Force] Service Cross
Gold Star
Silver Star
Bronze Star
Royal Service Warrant
Royal Service Citation
Combat Service Ribbon
Royal Service Medal
Federal Service Medal
Merit Citation
Royal Unit Citation (For entire units)
Royal Navy Battle Star (For naval vessels)
Royal Vessel Citation (For naval vessels)

Global Regional Commands (GRC)
* Continental Command (CONTCOM)
- Headquarters: Anstrona, Repulaea
- Jurisdiction: Continental Predum
- Combatant Commander: Lieutenant General Mark Reyne

* Moralitin Command (MORCOM)
- Headquarters: Christobol Parish, Stavinova
- Jurisdiction: Moralitin Ocean, Eastern Colonies, Ketirine Islands
- Combatant Commander: Vice Admiral Jace Tammer

* Pinnacle Command (PINCOM)
- Headquarters: Delpha (Killow Isles), Euneia
- Jurisdiction: Pinnacle Ocean, Killow Isles, northwestern Predum coastline
- Combatant Commander: Fleet Admiral Elise Baise

* Gavran Command (GAVCOM)
- Headquarters: Port Utoria, East Gavra
- Jurisdiction: Gavran Region, Gavran Sea
- Combatant Commander: Vice Admiral Jared Tanson

* Special Command (SPECCOM)
- Headquarters: Pestraille, Repulaea
- Jurisdiction: Special forces offices/sub-commands
- Combatant Commander: Major General Andrew Rodrick

* Strategic Command (STRATCOM)
- Headquarters: Hegrane, Repulaea
- Jurisdiction: Strategic offices/sub-commands
- Combatant Commander: Major General Samantha Jills-Cran

* Logistical Command (LOGCOM)
- Headquarters: Portalk, Repulaea
- Jurisdiction: Logistical offices/sub-commands
- Combatant Commander: Major General Luke Crusher

Large-Scale Military Conflicts of the Constitutional Monarchy [ * = Time denotes only Repulaean involvement, † = Bellum Geremus declared]
Predum Continental War (1939-1941)* - 1 year and 8 months - Repulaean/Allied Victory †
Seran Regime War/Predum Continental War II (1972-1974) - 2 years and 6 months - Repulaean/Allied Victory
Gavran War (2012-2013) - 1 year - Repulaean/Allied Victory
Keymoan Civil War (2014) - 7 months - Repulaean/Allied victory

Small-Scale Military Conflicts of the Constitutional Monarchy [ * = Time denotes only Repulaean involvement, † = Bellum Geremus declared]
Annadoa War (1928) - 4 months - Repulaean Victory †
East Coast Conflict (1958) - 2 weeks - Indecisive
Seran Privateer War (1958) - 1 month - Repulaean Victory
Kazakhstan Krai Conflict (2011) - 2 weeks - Repulaean/Allied Victory
Regina Conflict/Operation Maelstrom (2013) - 4 days - Repulaean/Allied victory
Central Gavran Revolution (2014) - 1 day - Repulaean/Allied victory [limited Repulaean involvement]

History of Conscription in Repulaea
Conscription Act of 1928 (1928) - Annadoa War
Mandatory Service Act (1932-1937) - Peacetime
Conscription Act of 1939 (1939-1942) - Predum Continental War
Fourth Conscription Act (1972-1974) - Seran Regime War
Fifth Conscription Act (2013) - Gavran War

Military Staff Sections
1: Personnel
2: Intelligence
3: Operations
4: Logistics
5: Planning
6: Communications
7: Training
8: Finance
9: Civil Affairs
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
G: General Staff (Air Force/Army)
V: General Staff (Navy)
S: Royal Army
A: Royal Air Force
N: Navy
J: Joint Operations

by **Repulaea** » Thu Sep 27, 2012 8:22 pm

Economy

Economic Details

Currency: Marchra (♏)
Exchange Rate: ♏1 = $1.9419 || $1 = ♏0.51
Gross Domestic Product: ♏70,843,027,605,347.25
GDP Per Capita (pop. 500,000,000): ♏43,528.28
Unemployment Rate: 2.89%
Consumption: ♏54,216,274,800,000.00
Government Budget: ♏16,617,130,620,750.00
Government Expenditures: ♏16,450,959,314,542.50
Government Waste: ♏166,171,306,207.50
Imports: ♏8,745,944,816,156.25
Exports: ♏8,921,738,306,960.99
Trade Surplus: ♏175,793,490,804.74

Central Monetary Fund (CMF)

Outlined in the Repulaean Indenture of Unity (1910) and officially established in 1911, the Central Monetary Fund is Repulaea's central bank, handling the country's monetary policies. Based at the Central Monetary Fund Building in Ancot, the CMF handles, among other things, price stability, interest rates and inflationary policies. Its chairman, who is subject to an unlimited amount of 5 year Congressionally confirmed terms, is currently Adrian Kline who was confirmed to the position in March of 2011. He previously served as senior economic advisor to President William Gadon and later Chief Policy Liaison of the CMF from 2003 to 2011. Kline's radically new policies of stimulus and monetary easing have been given much credit for speeding up the initially sluggish post-Energy Crisis recovery.

The CMF's current target rate is .45% though the bank rate is .12%.

Major Economic Crises in Repulaean History:

Value Crisis (1911-1913)
National Inflation Crisis (1940-1942)
Recession of 1968 (1968-1972)
1980 Financial Crisis (1980-1983)
Energy Crisis (2004-2009)

by **Repulaea** » Thu Sep 27, 2012 8:22 pm

Education

Top Private Colleges and Universities

Norslem University
-Norslem, Repulaea
University of The South
- Entsa, Repulaea
Prempton College
- Prempton, Repulaea
University of Memk
-Memk, Repulaea
St. Myers University
-St. Myers, Stavinova
Destington University
-Hegrane, Repulaea
Peets University
-Carolmandia, Repulaea
Sanjin College
-Memk, Repulaea
Kelmihyne College
Ora, Repulaea
Arthur Ancot University
-Ancot, Repulaea

Top Public Colleges and Universities
(RRC - Royal Repulaean College, RUA - Repulaean University of Academics, RCC - Royal Colonial College)

RUA Hegrane
- Hegrane, Repulaea
RUA Febia
-Febia Repulaea
RRC Orna'n
-Orna'n, Repulaea
Cellington-Preyers Provincial University
-Beneveda, Repulaea
Bolton University
-Gellai, Repulaea
RUA Ellia
-Ellia, Repulaea
RRC Strent
-Strent, Repulaea
RCC Elden
-Elden, Stavinova
RUA Oresta
-Oresta, Repulaea
RUA Anestosian
-Nedrinn City, Nedrinn

by **Repulaea** » Sat Jan 19, 2013 10:15 pm

Culture

Football/Soccer

Football, sometimes called soccer, is the most popular and widespread sport in Repulaea as well as in the whole of the continent of Predum. Aside from the Repulaean National Team, which was formed in Janurary of 1955 ahead of the first ever Predum Cup, there are 35 clubs in the Blue League, Repulaea's chief professional league.

Blue League teams
FCA Norslem (Norslem)
FCA Estia (Estia)
Antrohk United (Antrohk)
Delta (Prempton)
Righteous (Carolmandia)
FA New Glory (Masstira)
FA Sren (Sren)
Capital (Ancot)
Gloria (Corton)
FCA Rembok (Rembok)
FCA Orna'n (Orna'n)
New Hope (Genda)
FCA Anstrona Harbor (Anstrona)
FCA Memk (Memk)
Jossa United (Pestraille)
Remenarus Club Ultra (Remenarus)
FCA Hegrane (Hegrane)
FCA Ellia (Ellia)
FCA Ora (Ora)
Nadia (Nadia)
Chorodia Alliance (Chorodia)
Eagle Ray Club (South Woodros)
Ketra (Ketra)
Fireball (Demv)
Nedrinn City (Nedrinn City)
Port Klois United (Port Klois)
Dandra Allied Federation (Dandra)
Brostein (Brostein)
FC Oresta (Oresta)
Telemy United (Coastme)
FCA Vorss (Vorss)
Kenbrous (Kenbrous)
Pirates (Esroth)
FCA Prekarius (Prekarius)
FCA Beneveda (Beneveda)

Repulaean national team lineup (23 players)

Goalkeeper:
#01. Jack Tanus (Starting)
#29. Gerald Henly (Sub)
#35. Dennis Roymenn (Sub)

Defenders:
#02. Julius Robrees (Starting)
#03. Robert Zepintine (Starting)
#06. Deryl Kerik (Starting)
#05. Jonathan Robrek (Starting)
#22. David June (Sub)
#26. David Spatin (Sub)
#50. Adrian Verus (Sub)
#61. Fyll Reyes (Sub)

Midfielders:
#04. Matthew Kaslem (Starting)
#08. Richard Antein (Starting)
#10. Agunta Heins (Staring)
#62. Andrew Veryll (Sub)
#73. Argus Wose (Sub)
#77. Justin Dacus (Sub)

Strikers:
#07. Richard Dethew (Starting)
#09. Sam Rossles (Starting)
#11. Mardrae Powers (Starting)
#33. James Clemese (Sub)
#74. Roderick Carlse (Sub)
#39. Thomas Noudium (Sub)

Predum Cup

The Predum Cup is a major triennial football tournament between the four nations of Predum. For three weeks, it dominates the Predum football scene and has historically the most popular national tournament on the continent. The first ever Predum Cup was held in 1955, organized by the Predum Continental Association of Football (PCAF).

Note: Between 1967 and 1973, PCAF reorganized the Predum Cup tournament structure to accommodate the newly repatriated South Serany, the only period during which the Predum Cup included a fifth contender.

by **Repulaea** » Sat Jan 19, 2013 10:15 pm

[Reserved]

by **Repulaea** » Fri Oct 18, 2013 3:57 pm

[Reserved]

by **Repulaea** » Fri Oct 18, 2013 3:57 pm

[Reserved]

by **Repulaea** » Fri Oct 18, 2013 3:58 pm

[Reserved]

Repulaea Factbook [Closed, MT]

Repulaea Factbook [Closed, MT]

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