{WA Proposal} The International Space Coöperation Act

[Oryxburg]

The International Space Coöperation Act

Category: Education & Creativity / International Security
Proposed by: The Imperial Arch-Duchy of Oryxburg

The World Assembly,
RECOGNISING that outer space represents an immense frontier for scientific discovery, technological advancement, and peaceful coöperation between nations;

ACKNOWLEDGING the contributions of space science to astronomy, meteorology, communications, navigation, environmental monitoring, and the understanding of the universe;

AFFIRMING that the exploration and use of outer space should be conducted for peaceful purposes and for the benefit of present and future generations;

CONCERNED that unequal access to scientific knowledge, astronomical facilities, and space-related expertise may restrict the ability of less technologically developed nations to participate in the exploration of space;

RECOGNISING FURTHER the potential dangers posed to all nations by near-Earth asteroids and other naturally occurring astronomical phenomena;

DESIRING to encourage peaceful scientific competition while expanding opportunities for international cooperation;

HEREBY ENACTS:

Section I: International Space Research

Establishes the World Space Science Exchange, a voluntary framework through which Member States may share publicly releasable scientific data obtained from: a. astronomical observations;
b. planetary missions;
c. Earth-observation satellites;
d. space-based telescopes; and
e. other peaceful scientific space missions;
Encourages Member States, universities, research institutions, and private organisations to participate in international astronomical research programmes;
Encourages Member States possessing advanced space capabilities to provide educational and technical assistance to nations seeking to develop peaceful space-science programmes;

Section II: Protection of Earth

Establishes the International Near-Earth Object Observation Network, through which participating Member States may share observations of asteroids and other objects whose trajectories could potentially bring them into significant proximity with Earth;
Encourages Member States to contribute astronomical observations to the Network where doing so does not compromise legitimate national-security interests;
Directs the World Assembly's relevant scientific bodies to periodically publish publicly accessible assessments of significant near-Earth objects identified through the Network;
Encourages international scientific cooperation concerning methods of detecting, tracking and, where scientifically feasible, mitigating the threat posed by hazardous near-Earth objects;

Section III: Education and Public Participation

Encourages Member States to expand educational opportunities in astronomy, astrophysics, aerospace engineering and related scientific disciplines;
Encourages universities, museums, observatories and scientific institutions to provide public programmes designed to increase understanding of astronomy and space exploration;
Encourages the establishment of international student competitions and research programmes relating to astronomy and space science;

Section IV: Peaceful Exploration

Affirms the right of Member States to conduct peaceful scientific exploration of outer space in accordance with applicable World Assembly law;
Encourages nations conducting major scientific space missions to make non-sensitive scientific findings available to the international scientific community;
Encourages cooperative robotic missions to the Moon, planets, asteroids and other celestial bodies for scientific purposes;
Urges Member States to preserve scientifically significant astronomical data, mission records and other historical records relating to humanity's exploration of space;

Section V: Sovereignty and Implementation

Clarifies that participation in programmes established or encouraged by this resolution shall not require a Member State to disclose classified information, military capabilities, proprietary technology, or other information protected under its domestic law;
Affirms that this resolution does not establish a supranational space agency or otherwise restrict the sovereign right of Member States to determine their own national space policies;
Encourages Member States to cooperate voluntarily in fulfilling the objectives of this resolution;
Calls upon the World Assembly and its relevant institutions to periodically review developments in space science and recommend additional measures where appropriate.

[The Crusader Kings]

A: This is arguably the longest proposal I've ever seen. Enough characters to fill 2 submissions.

B: Literally unenforceable. "Encourages Member States," "Urges Member States", while yes, Sovereignty is a very easy line to cross over, at least have SOME enforcement.

B2: Section I explicitly defines the World Space Science Exchange as a "voluntary framework," and Section II allows nations to withhold tracking data whenever it "does not compromise legitimate national-security interests. Define "Legitimate" for me. I compromise the favorite sandwich joint that all my researchers go to, so I don't have to give you anything?

C: Section V states that participation shall not require revealing information "protected under its domestic law," and explicitly affirms that it does not "restrict the sovereign right of Member States to determine their own national space policies."
I hereby enact a law, saying "This GA resolution says we don't have to reveal certain info, so we won't reveal ANYTHING! And nobody in TCK is bound by it anyway, plus there's no enforcement"...

D: I'm not sure if this would count as house of cards, but it toes the line at least: "Affirms the right of Member States to conduct peaceful scientific exploration of outer space in accordance with applicable World Assembly law;"

E: "c. Earth-observation satellites;" Did I just see somebody forgetting that the GA has galaxy spanning members with Star Systems as colonies? And you're mentioning EARTH??

Yeah, no. I'm not voting for this, if it somehow makes it to consensus. Fix those things, and I MIGHT approve it.

Decent idea though. There are no categories in the GA, I thought.

Edit: I was right, there are no categories. Also, we can see that you made it, no need to mention yourself in the proposal.

[Llan]

A: This is arguably the longest proposal I've ever seen. Enough characters to fill 2 submissions.

You’re right about this, this is enough to fill a dispatch, if this could even get quorum it would be the longest WA proposal that made it to quorum, and longer proposals are more detailed and more likely to have less loopholes, I think this is a solid resolution.

[Lipizia]

A good resolution but too week, how the Crusader Kings said:

B: Literally unenforceable. "Encourages Member States," "Urges Member States", while yes, Sovereignty is a very easy line to cross over, at least have SOME enforcement.

B2: Section I explicitly defines the World Space Science Exchange as a "voluntary framework," and Section II allows nations to withhold tracking data whenever it "does not compromise legitimate national-security interests. Define "Legitimate" for me. I compromise the favorite sandwich joint that all my researchers go to, so I don't have to give you anything?

C: Section V states that participation shall not require revealing information "protected under its domestic law," and explicitly affirms that it does not "restrict the sovereign right of Member States to determine their own national space policies."
I hereby enact a law, saying "This GA resolution says we don't have to reveal certain info, so we won't reveal ANYTHING! And nobody in TCK is bound by it anyway, plus there's no enforcement"...

and another truth revealed from The Crusader Kings is:

E: "c. Earth-observation satellites;" Did I just see somebody forgetting that the GA has galaxy spanning members with Star Systems as colonies? And you're mentioning EARTH??

But if you fix the proposal you will got my vote.

And don't worry if it's long.

[Oryxburg]

A: This is arguably the longest proposal I've ever seen. Enough characters to fill 2 submissions.

B: Literally unenforceable. "Encourages Member States," "Urges Member States", while yes, Sovereignty is a very easy line to cross over, at least have SOME enforcement.

B2: Section I explicitly defines the World Space Science Exchange as a "voluntary framework," and Section II allows nations to withhold tracking data whenever it "does not compromise legitimate national-security interests. Define "Legitimate" for me. I compromise the favorite sandwich joint that all my researchers go to, so I don't have to give you anything?

C: Section V states that participation shall not require revealing information "protected under its domestic law," and explicitly affirms that it does not "restrict the sovereign right of Member States to determine their own national space policies."
I hereby enact a law, saying "This GA resolution says we don't have to reveal certain info, so we won't reveal ANYTHING! And nobody in TCK is bound by it anyway, plus there's no enforcement"...

D: I'm not sure if this would count as house of cards, but it toes the line at least: "Affirms the right of Member States to conduct peaceful scientific exploration of outer space in accordance with applicable World Assembly law;"

E: "c. Earth-observation satellites;" Did I just see somebody forgetting that the GA has galaxy spanning members with Star Systems as colonies? And you're mentioning EARTH??

Yeah, no. I'm not voting for this, if it somehow makes it to consensus. Fix those things, and I MIGHT approve it.

Decent idea though. There are no categories in the GA, I thought.

Edit: I was right, there are no categories. Also, we can see that you made it, no need to mention yourself in the proposal.

Okay, thank you for the criticism, here is a better draft. The Crusader Kings, Llan, Lipizia

The World Assembly,

RECOGNISING that the observation and scientific study of celestial bodies provides knowledge of the universe and contributes to the advancement of science and technology;

NOTING that celestial objects capable of causing catastrophic damage to inhabited worlds constitute a potential threat to members of the World Assembly regardless of their political boundaries or technological development;

CONCERNED that inadequate coordination between astronomical observatories and space agencies may prevent potentially hazardous objects from being detected or accurately characterised in sufficient time;

RECOGNISING the value of international cooperation in the collection and dissemination of scientific astronomical observations;

DESIRING to establish a permanent mechanism through which Member States may contribute observations and receive information concerning potentially hazardous celestial objects;

HEREBY ENACTS:

Section I: World Astronomical Observatory Network
Establishes the World Astronomical Observatory Network (WAON) as a World Assembly institution responsible for: a. collecting astronomical observations submitted by Member States; b. maintaining a central catalogue of observed celestial objects; c. calculating and publishing publicly accessible orbital data for potentially hazardous objects; and d. coordinating the exchange of non-sensitive astronomical observations between participating observatories.
Requires Member States possessing astronomical observatories capable of accurately observing near-world objects to submit observations of objects meeting technical criteria established by WAON.
Requires WAON to establish and publish objective technical standards determining which observations must be submitted under Clause 2.

Section II: Protection of Inhabited Worlds
Requires WAON to maintain a catalogue of celestial objects whose calculated trajectories indicate a significant probability of collision with an inhabited world.
Requires WAON to publish, upon confirmation of a potentially hazardous object, available information concerning: a. its estimated trajectory; b. its estimated size; c. the estimated probability of collision; d. the estimated time of any potential impact; and e. the uncertainty associated with these calculations.
Requires WAON to notify Member States possessing inhabited territories located within a scientifically established potential impact region of any object meeting the criteria established under Clause 4.
Establishes an international scientific advisory panel within WAON to assess proposed methods of mitigating confirmed planetary-impact threats.

Section III: Scientific Cooperation
Requires WAON to make non-restricted astronomical observations submitted under this resolution available through a publicly accessible scientific database.
Permits Member States to designate individual observations as restricted where disclosure would reveal: a. military operations; b. classified military technology; c. intelligence-gathering capabilities; or d. other specifically identified information whose disclosure would directly compromise national security.
Requires a Member State invoking Clause 9 to identify the category of information being protected and to submit the affected observation to WAON in a redacted form where technically feasible.
Prohibits the use of Clause 9 solely to withhold ordinary astronomical measurements or scientific findings.

Section IV: Scientific Development
Establishes an international programme through which Member States may exchange: a. astronomical research data; b. observational techniques; c. publicly releasable software and scientific models; and d. educational materials relating to astronomy and planetary science.
Requires WAON to maintain educational resources explaining basic astronomical phenomena and the methods used to detect potentially hazardous celestial objects.
Permits Member States, universities and scientific institutions to participate in cooperative astronomical research conducted through WAON.

Section V: Enforcement
Requires WAON to publish an annual compliance report identifying Member States that have failed to submit observations required by Clause 2.
Requires a Member State identified under Clause 15 to provide WAON with an explanation for its non-compliance.
Authorises the World Assembly to impose sanctions available under existing World Assembly law against Member States that repeatedly and deliberately fail to fulfil mandatory obligations established by this resolution.
Establishes that the mandatory provisions of this resolution supersede conflicting domestic legislation to the extent permitted by World Assembly law.

[Too opressive]

A: This is arguably the longest proposal I've ever seen. Enough characters to fill 2 submissions.

B: Literally unenforceable. "Encourages Member States," "Urges Member States", while yes, Sovereignty is a very easy line to cross over, at least have SOME enforcement.

B2: Section I explicitly defines the World Space Science Exchange as a "voluntary framework," and Section II allows nations to withhold tracking data whenever it "does not compromise legitimate national-security interests. Define "Legitimate" for me. I compromise the favorite sandwich joint that all my researchers go to, so I don't have to give you anything?

C: Section V states that participation shall not require revealing information "protected under its domestic law," and explicitly affirms that it does not "restrict the sovereign right of Member States to determine their own national space policies."
I hereby enact a law, saying "This GA resolution says we don't have to reveal certain info, so we won't reveal ANYTHING! And nobody in TCK is bound by it anyway, plus there's no enforcement"...

D: I'm not sure if this would count as house of cards, but it toes the line at least: "Affirms the right of Member States to conduct peaceful scientific exploration of outer space in accordance with applicable World Assembly law;"

E: "c. Earth-observation satellites;" Did I just see somebody forgetting that the GA has galaxy spanning members with Star Systems as colonies? And you're mentioning EARTH??

Yeah, no. I'm not voting for this, if it somehow makes it to consensus. Fix those things, and I MIGHT approve it.

Decent idea though. There are no categories in the GA, I thought.

Edit: I was right, there are no categories. Also, we can see that you made it, no need to mention yourself in the proposal.

Okay, thank you for the criticism, here is a better draft. The Crusader Kings, Llan, Lipizia

The World Assembly,

RECOGNISING that the observation and scientific study of celestial bodies provides knowledge of the universe and contributes to the advancement of science and technology;

NOTING that celestial objects capable of causing catastrophic damage to inhabited worlds constitute a potential threat to members of the World Assembly regardless of their political boundaries or technological development;

CONCERNED that inadequate coordination between astronomical observatories and space agencies may prevent potentially hazardous objects from being detected or accurately characterised in sufficient time;

RECOGNISING the value of international cooperation in the collection and dissemination of scientific astronomical observations;

DESIRING to establish a permanent mechanism through which Member States may contribute observations and receive information concerning potentially hazardous celestial objects;

HEREBY ENACTS:

Section I: World Astronomical Observatory Network
Establishes the World Astronomical Observatory Network (WAON) as a World Assembly institution responsible for: a. collecting astronomical observations submitted by Member States; b. maintaining a central catalogue of observed celestial objects; c. calculating and publishing publicly accessible orbital data for potentially hazardous objects; and d. coordinating the exchange of non-sensitive astronomical observations between participating observatories.
Requires Member States possessing astronomical observatories capable of accurately observing near-world objects to submit observations of objects meeting technical criteria established by WAON.
Requires WAON to establish and publish objective technical standards determining which observations must be submitted under Clause 2.

Section II: Protection of Inhabited Worlds
Requires WAON to maintain a catalogue of celestial objects whose calculated trajectories indicate a significant probability of collision with an inhabited world.
Requires WAON to publish, upon confirmation of a potentially hazardous object, available information concerning: a. its estimated trajectory; b. its estimated size; c. the estimated probability of collision; d. the estimated time of any potential impact; and e. the uncertainty associated with these calculations.
Requires WAON to notify Member States possessing inhabited territories located within a scientifically established potential impact region of any object meeting the criteria established under Clause 4.
Establishes an international scientific advisory panel within WAON to assess proposed methods of mitigating confirmed planetary-impact threats.

Section III: Scientific Cooperation
Requires WAON to make non-restricted astronomical observations submitted under this resolution available through a publicly accessible scientific database.
Permits Member States to designate individual observations as restricted where disclosure would reveal: a. military operations; b. classified military technology; c. intelligence-gathering capabilities; or d. other specifically identified information whose disclosure would directly compromise national security.
Requires a Member State invoking Clause 9 to identify the category of information being protected and to submit the affected observation to WAON in a redacted form where technically feasible.
Prohibits the use of Clause 9 solely to withhold ordinary astronomical measurements or scientific findings.

Section IV: Scientific Development
Establishes an international programme through which Member States may exchange: a. astronomical research data; b. observational techniques; c. publicly releasable software and scientific models; and d. educational materials relating to astronomy and planetary science.
Requires WAON to maintain educational resources explaining basic astronomical phenomena and the methods used to detect potentially hazardous celestial objects.
Permits Member States, universities and scientific institutions to participate in cooperative astronomical research conducted through WAON.

Section V: Enforcement
Requires WAON to publish an annual compliance report identifying Member States that have failed to submit observations required by Clause 2.
Requires a Member State identified under Clause 15 to provide WAON with an explanation for its non-compliance.
Authorises the World Assembly to impose sanctions available under existing World Assembly law against Member States that repeatedly and deliberately fail to fulfil mandatory obligations established by this resolution.
Establishes that the mandatory provisions of this resolution supersede conflicting domestic legislation to the extent permitted by World Assembly law.

This is much better. I recommend addressing the issue of military activities in space by saying something along the lines of "Please don't store a million nukes on the moon"

[The Crusader Kings]

A: This is arguably the longest proposal I've ever seen. Enough characters to fill 2 submissions.

You’re right about this, this is enough to fill a dispatch, if this could even get quorum it would be the longest WA proposal that made it to quorum, and longer proposals are more detailed and more likely to have less loopholes, I think this is a solid resolution.

I just died BC I couldn’t breathe. Use a period once in a while.

This is much better. I recommend addressing the issue of military activities in space by saying something along the lines of "Please don't store a million nukes on the moon"

Too Oppressive, see my previous point:

E: "c. Earth-observation satellites;" Did I just see somebody forgetting that the GA has galaxy spanning members with Star Systems as colonies? And you're mentioning EARTH??

Which Moon? There are millions in the vast multiverse of the WA. Some member states have space craft looking like smith out of WH40K. Who are you to say I can’t put nukes on my Moons?

Lipizia I agree. while there are flaws, if the author fixes them, I might vote for this.


Oryxburg. A: tagging people in forum doesn’t give them a notice, just so you know . I’m too tired RN to look at your new draft, but it looks decent. I will be voting for this, and if you submit it, I will approve it.

[Lipizia]

Very better, but nobody noticed that clause 9 DOESN'T EXIST.

[Oryxburg]

Very better, but nobody noticed that clause 9 DOESN'T EXIST.

I mean operative clause 9, so I was referring to the line that comes after second bold word in Section III:

Permits Member States to designate individual observations as restricted where disclosure would reveal: a. military operations; b. classified military technology; c. intelligence-gathering capabilities; or d. other specifically identified information whose disclosure would directly compromise national security.

So when I mention a "clause 5" for example, just count the bold printed words at the beginning of the sentences starting from the first one Section I, until you reach the stated number. I'll number them in my final submission to make it easier to navigate.

[Oryxburg]

The World Assembly,

RECOGNISING that the observation and scientific study of celestial bodies provides knowledge of the universe and contributes to the advancement of science and technology;

NOTING that celestial objects capable of causing catastrophic damage to inhabited worlds constitute a potential threat to members of the World Assembly regardless of their political boundaries or technological development;

CONCERNED that inadequate coordination between astronomical observatories and space agencies may prevent potentially hazardous objects from being detected or accurately characterised in sufficient time;

RECOGNISING the value of international cooperation in the collection and dissemination of scientific astronomical observations;

DESIRING to establish a permanent mechanism through which Member States may contribute observations and receive information concerning potentially hazardous celestial objects;

HEREBY ENACTS:

Section I: World Astronomical Observatory Network
Establishes the World Astronomical Observatory Network (WAON) as a World Assembly institution responsible for: a. collecting astronomical observations submitted by Member States; b. maintaining a central catalogue of observed celestial objects; c. calculating and publishing publicly accessible orbital data for potentially hazardous objects; and d. coordinating the exchange of non-sensitive astronomical observations between participating observatories.
Requires Member States possessing astronomical observatories capable of accurately observing near-world objects to submit observations of objects meeting technical criteria established by WAON.
Requires WAON to establish and publish objective technical standards determining which observations must be submitted under Clause 2.

Section II: Protection of Inhabited Worlds
Requires WAON to maintain a catalogue of celestial objects whose calculated trajectories indicate a significant probability of collision with an inhabited world.
Requires WAON to publish, upon confirmation of a potentially hazardous object, available information concerning: a. its estimated trajectory; b. its estimated size; c. the estimated probability of collision; d. the estimated time of any potential impact; and e. the uncertainty associated with these calculations.
Requires WAON to notify Member States possessing inhabited territories located within a scientifically established potential impact region of any object meeting the criteria established under Clause 4.
Establishes an international scientific advisory panel within WAON to assess proposed methods of mitigating confirmed planetary-impact threats.

Section III: Scientific Cooperation
Requires WAON to make non-restricted astronomical observations submitted under this resolution available through a publicly accessible scientific database.
Permits Member States to designate individual observations as restricted where disclosure would reveal: a. military operations; b. classified military technology; c. intelligence-gathering capabilities; or d. other specifically identified information whose disclosure would directly compromise national security information.
Requires a Member State invoking Clause 9 to identify to WAON, the general category of information being protected, without requiring disclosure of the protected information.
Prohibits the use of Clause 9 solely to withhold ordinary astronomical measurements or scientific findings.

Section IV: Scientific Development
Establishes an international programme through which Member States may exchange: a. astronomical research data; b. observational techniques; c. publicly releasable software and scientific models; and d. educational materials relating to astronomy and planetary science.
Requires WAON to maintain educational resources explaining basic astronomical phenomena and the methods used to detect potentially hazardous celestial objects.
Permits Member States, universities and scientific institutions to participate in cooperative astronomical research conducted through WAON.

Section V: Enforcement
Requires WAON to publish an annual compliance report identifying Member States that have failed to submit observations required by Clause 2.
Requires a Member State identified under Clause 15 to provide WAON with an explanation for its non-compliance.
Clarifies that this resolution does not require Member States to disclose information concerning the design, operation, funding, objectives, or capabilities of space programmes except where such information constitutes an astronomical observation required under this resolution.

[Canadianers]

The International Space Coöperation Act

Category: Education & Creativity / International Security
Proposed by: The Imperial Arch-Duchy of Oryxburg

The World Assembly,
RECOGNISING that outer space represents an immense frontier for scientific discovery, technological advancement, and peaceful coöperation between nations;

ACKNOWLEDGING the contributions of space science to astronomy, meteorology, communications, navigation, environmental monitoring, and the understanding of the universe;

AFFIRMING that the exploration and use of outer space should be conducted for peaceful purposes and for the benefit of present and future generations;

CONCERNED that unequal access to scientific knowledge, astronomical facilities, and space-related expertise may restrict the ability of less technologically developed nations to participate in the exploration of space;

RECOGNISING FURTHER the potential dangers posed to all nations by near-Earth asteroids and other naturally occurring astronomical phenomena;

DESIRING to encourage peaceful scientific competition while expanding opportunities for international cooperation;

HEREBY ENACTS:

Section I: International Space Research

Establishes the World Space Science Exchange, a voluntary framework through which Member States may share publicly releasable scientific data obtained from: a. astronomical observations;
b. planetary missions;
c. Earth-observation satellites;
d. space-based telescopes; and
e. other peaceful scientific space missions;
Encourages Member States, universities, research institutions, and private organisations to participate in international astronomical research programmes;
Encourages Member States possessing advanced space capabilities to provide educational and technical assistance to nations seeking to develop peaceful space-science programmes;

Section II: Protection of Earth

Establishes the International Near-Earth Object Observation Network, through which participating Member States may share observations of asteroids and other objects whose trajectories could potentially bring them into significant proximity with Earth;
Encourages Member States to contribute astronomical observations to the Network where doing so does not compromise legitimate national-security interests;
Directs the World Assembly's relevant scientific bodies to periodically publish publicly accessible assessments of significant near-Earth objects identified through the Network;
Encourages international scientific cooperation concerning methods of detecting, tracking and, where scientifically feasible, mitigating the threat posed by hazardous near-Earth objects;

Section III: Education and Public Participation

Encourages Member States to expand educational opportunities in astronomy, astrophysics, aerospace engineering and related scientific disciplines;
Encourages universities, museums, observatories and scientific institutions to provide public programmes designed to increase understanding of astronomy and space exploration;
Encourages the establishment of international student competitions and research programmes relating to astronomy and space science;

Section IV: Peaceful Exploration

Affirms the right of Member States to conduct peaceful scientific exploration of outer space in accordance with applicable World Assembly law;
Encourages nations conducting major scientific space missions to make non-sensitive scientific findings available to the international scientific community;
Encourages cooperative robotic missions to the Moon, planets, asteroids and other celestial bodies for scientific purposes;
Urges Member States to preserve scientifically significant astronomical data, mission records and other historical records relating to humanity's exploration of space;

Section V: Sovereignty and Implementation

Clarifies that participation in programmes established or encouraged by this resolution shall not require a Member State to disclose classified information, military capabilities, proprietary technology, or other information protected under its domestic law;
Affirms that this resolution does not establish a supranational space agency or otherwise restrict the sovereign right of Member States to determine their own national space policies;
Encourages Member States to cooperate voluntarily in fulfilling the objectives of this resolution;
Calls upon the World Assembly and its relevant institutions to periodically review developments in space science and recommend additional measures where appropriate.

First critique: some of the formatting could be improved, e.g, the letter list in Section 1. Section 1 has no teeth: it's basically an encouragement to foreign aid, which will barely help with the scientific advancement of underdeveloped nations. The same applies to Section 2, 3, and 4. dditionally, how does the mentioned International Near-Earth Observation Network get established? I wouldn't vote for this because frankly it's a waste of money and time, although that’s opinion.

[Lipizia]

Ok, now I will vote for. But Cooperation Is with oo, not oö.

[Oryxburg]

The International Space Coöperation Act

Category: Education & Creativity / International Security
Proposed by: The Imperial Arch-Duchy of Oryxburg

The World Assembly,
RECOGNISING that outer space represents an immense frontier for scientific discovery, technological advancement, and peaceful coöperation between nations;

ACKNOWLEDGING the contributions of space science to astronomy, meteorology, communications, navigation, environmental monitoring, and the understanding of the universe;

AFFIRMING that the exploration and use of outer space should be conducted for peaceful purposes and for the benefit of present and future generations;

CONCERNED that unequal access to scientific knowledge, astronomical facilities, and space-related expertise may restrict the ability of less technologically developed nations to participate in the exploration of space;

RECOGNISING FURTHER the potential dangers posed to all nations by near-Earth asteroids and other naturally occurring astronomical phenomena;

DESIRING to encourage peaceful scientific competition while expanding opportunities for international cooperation;

HEREBY ENACTS:

Section I: International Space Research

Establishes the World Space Science Exchange, a voluntary framework through which Member States may share publicly releasable scientific data obtained from: a. astronomical observations;
b. planetary missions;
c. Earth-observation satellites;
d. space-based telescopes; and
e. other peaceful scientific space missions;
Encourages Member States, universities, research institutions, and private organisations to participate in international astronomical research programmes;
Encourages Member States possessing advanced space capabilities to provide educational and technical assistance to nations seeking to develop peaceful space-science programmes;

Section II: Protection of Earth

Establishes the International Near-Earth Object Observation Network, through which participating Member States may share observations of asteroids and other objects whose trajectories could potentially bring them into significant proximity with Earth;
Encourages Member States to contribute astronomical observations to the Network where doing so does not compromise legitimate national-security interests;
Directs the World Assembly's relevant scientific bodies to periodically publish publicly accessible assessments of significant near-Earth objects identified through the Network;
Encourages international scientific cooperation concerning methods of detecting, tracking and, where scientifically feasible, mitigating the threat posed by hazardous near-Earth objects;

Section III: Education and Public Participation

Encourages Member States to expand educational opportunities in astronomy, astrophysics, aerospace engineering and related scientific disciplines;
Encourages universities, museums, observatories and scientific institutions to provide public programmes designed to increase understanding of astronomy and space exploration;
Encourages the establishment of international student competitions and research programmes relating to astronomy and space science;

Section IV: Peaceful Exploration

Affirms the right of Member States to conduct peaceful scientific exploration of outer space in accordance with applicable World Assembly law;
Encourages nations conducting major scientific space missions to make non-sensitive scientific findings available to the international scientific community;
Encourages cooperative robotic missions to the Moon, planets, asteroids and other celestial bodies for scientific purposes;
Urges Member States to preserve scientifically significant astronomical data, mission records and other historical records relating to humanity's exploration of space;

Section V: Sovereignty and Implementation

Clarifies that participation in programmes established or encouraged by this resolution shall not require a Member State to disclose classified information, military capabilities, proprietary technology, or other information protected under its domestic law;
Affirms that this resolution does not establish a supranational space agency or otherwise restrict the sovereign right of Member States to determine their own national space policies;
Encourages Member States to cooperate voluntarily in fulfilling the objectives of this resolution;
Calls upon the World Assembly and its relevant institutions to periodically review developments in space science and recommend additional measures where appropriate.

First critique: some of the formatting could be improved, e.g, the letter list in Section 1. Section 1 has no teeth: it's basically an encouragement to foreign aid, which will barely help with the scientific advancement of underdeveloped nations. The same applies to Section 2, 3, and 4. dditionally, how does the mentioned International Near-Earth Observation Network get established? I wouldn't vote for this because frankly it's a waste of money and time, although that’s opinion.

Read the third draft

[Canadianers]

The World Assembly,

RECOGNISING that the observation and scientific study of celestial bodies provides knowledge of the universe and contributes to the advancement of science and technology;

NOTING that celestial objects capable of causing catastrophic damage to inhabited worlds constitute a potential threat to members of the World Assembly regardless of their political boundaries or technological development;

CONCERNED that inadequate coordination between astronomical observatories and space agencies may prevent potentially hazardous objects from being detected or accurately characterised in sufficient time;

RECOGNISING the value of international cooperation in the collection and dissemination of scientific astronomical observations;

DESIRING to establish a permanent mechanism through which Member States may contribute observations and receive information concerning potentially hazardous celestial objects;

HEREBY ENACTS:

Section I: World Astronomical Observatory Network
Establishes the World Astronomical Observatory Network (WAON) as a World Assembly institution responsible for: a. collecting astronomical observations submitted by Member States; b. maintaining a central catalogue of observed celestial objects; c. calculating and publishing publicly accessible orbital data for potentially hazardous objects; and d. coordinating the exchange of non-sensitive astronomical observations between participating observatories.
Requires Member States possessing astronomical observatories capable of accurately observing near-world objects to submit observations of objects meeting technical criteria established by WAON.
Requires WAON to establish and publish objective technical standards determining which observations must be submitted under Clause 2.

Section II: Protection of Inhabited Worlds
Requires WAON to maintain a catalogue of celestial objects whose calculated trajectories indicate a significant probability of collision with an inhabited world.
Requires WAON to publish, upon confirmation of a potentially hazardous object, available information concerning: a. its estimated trajectory; b. its estimated size; c. the estimated probability of collision; d. the estimated time of any potential impact; and e. the uncertainty associated with these calculations.
Requires WAON to notify Member States possessing inhabited territories located within a scientifically established potential impact region of any object meeting the criteria established under Clause 4.
Establishes an international scientific advisory panel within WAON to assess proposed methods of mitigating confirmed planetary-impact threats.

Section III: Scientific Cooperation
Requires WAON to make non-restricted astronomical observations submitted under this resolution available through a publicly accessible scientific database.
Permits Member States to designate individual observations as restricted where disclosure would reveal: a. military operations; b. classified military technology; c. intelligence-gathering capabilities; or d. other specifically identified information whose disclosure would directly compromise national security information.
Requires a Member State invoking Clause 9 to identify to WAON, the general category of information being protected, without requiring disclosure of the protected information.
Prohibits the use of Clause 9 solely to withhold ordinary astronomical measurements or scientific findings.

Section IV: Scientific Development
Establishes an international programme through which Member States may exchange: a. astronomical research data; b. observational techniques; c. publicly releasable software and scientific models; and d. educational materials relating to astronomy and planetary science.
Requires WAON to maintain educational resources explaining basic astronomical phenomena and the methods used to detect potentially hazardous celestial objects.
Permits Member States, universities and scientific institutions to participate in cooperative astronomical research conducted through WAON.

Section V: Enforcement
Requires WAON to publish an annual compliance report identifying Member States that have failed to submit observations required by Clause 2.
Requires a Member State identified under Clause 15 to provide WAON with an explanation for its non-compliance.
Clarifies that this resolution does not require Member States to disclose information concerning the design, operation, funding, objectives, or capabilities of space programmes except where such information constitutes an astronomical observation required under this resolution.

Pretty good draft! I don’t have much time to look over this but it looks good!