[THIRD DRAFT] Air Marshal Act

[The Lowlands and Saxony]

A resolution to ensure safe transport between nations

Category: International Security
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: The Lowlands and Saxony

The World Assembly,

REALIZING the importance of expanding and improving international co-operation among WA States, on a bilateral and multilateral basis, which will contribute to the elimination of acts of international terrorism and their underlying causes and to the prevention and elimination of this criminal pest,

RECOGNIZING terrorism as a major threat to the lives and well-being of civilians and non-combatants;

CONDEMNING the loss of life and harm that result from terrorist acts;

REALIZING that international terrorism can be in the from of plane hijacking,

FURTHER REALIZING that a hijacked plane can be used as a weapon against the people;

RESOLVING to address the dangers of international terrorism, to protect the civilian populations of member states;

A) DEFINES “terrorism” as the use of violence by non-state actors for the purpose of creating fear or terror, to achieve a social, political, or religious outcome, and either committed with deliberate disregard or specific targeting of civilians or non-combatants.

B) DEFINES “civilians”, for the purpose of this resolution, as "persons who are not members of their nation's armed forces or police."

C) DEFINES “terrorist(s)” as a person or persons whose acts fall under the definition of “terrorism”.

D) DEFINES “terrorist act(s)” as an act committed by a person falling under the definition of a “terrorist” whose cause is to achieve social, political, or religious ends through violence knowingly targeted at civilians or non-combatants.

E) DEFINES "hijacking" as "an act to take control of a vehicle by force", in this resolution to be used for terrorism.

Hereby:

REQUESTS member states in regions with political instability such as civil unrest or armed conflict(s), to employ armed agents called "Air Marshals" in both domestic and international flights both originating or headed for said region, to prevent hijackings from taking place.

FURTHER REQUESTS member states to congregate and discuss the use of Air Marshals in international flight between the two nations.

RESERVES the power to deem the use of Air Marshals necessary, to the WA member state.

STRONGLY encourages member states to employ Air Marshals if the state or region is subject to civil unrest or involved with one or multiple conflicts.

A resolution to ensure safe transport between nations

Category: International Security
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: The Lowlands and Saxony

The World Assembly,

REALIZING the importance of international co-operation among World Assembly member states in an attempt rid the world of terrorism,

RECOGNIZING terrorism as a major threat to the regional stability and the inhabitants of these regions,

CONDEMNING the loss of life and harm that result from terrorist acts;

REALIZING that international terrorism can be in the from of plane hijacking,

FURTHER REALIZING that a hijacked plane can be used as a weapon against civilians ;

RESOLVING to secure international flights against the danger of international terrorism, to protect the civilians both in planes and on the ground;

A) DEFINES “terrorism” as "the use of violence by a person or organization not belonging to a state government for the purpose of the person's or organization's political, ideological or religious goals. This can be with the use of or disregard of civilian lives."

B) DEFINES “civilians”, as "Inhabitants of a nation that do not act as a government-official nor serve their nation's police or armed forces."

C) DEFINES “terrorist(s)" as "One or multiple individuals not serving their state as a government-official or in their nation's police or armed forces, who use violence to achieve their political, ideological or religious goals."

D) DEFINES “terrorist act(s)” as a violent act, often with the use of or disregard for civilian lives, in an attempt to further the terrorist's cause."

E) DEFINES "hijacking" as "an act to take control of a vehicle by force", in this resolution to be used for terrorism.

Hereby:

REQUESTS member states in regions with political instability such as civil unrest or armed conflict(s), to employ armed agents called "Air Marshals" in both domestic and international flights both originating or headed for said region, to prevent hijackings from taking place.

FURTHER REQUESTS member states to congregate and discuss the use of Air Marshals in international flight between the two nations.

RESERVES the power to deem the use of Air Marshals necessary, to the WA member state.

STRONGLY encourages member states to employ Air Marshals if the state or region is subject to civil unrest or involved with one or multiple conflicts.

A resolution to ensure safe transport between nations

Category: International Security
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: The Lowlands and Saxony

The World Assembly,

REALIZING the importance of international co-operation among World Assembly member states in an attempt rid the world of terrorism,

RECOGNIZING terrorism as a major threat to the regional stability and the inhabitants of these regions,

CONDEMNING the loss of life and harm that result from terrorist acts;

REALIZING that international terrorism can be in the from of plane hijacking,

FURTHER REALIZING that a hijacked plane can be used as a weapon against civilians ;

NOTING that airports and airspace are outside of national jurisdiction;

RESOLVING to secure international flights against the danger of international terrorism, to protect the civilians both in planes and on the ground;

A) DEFINES “terrorism” as "the use of violence by a person or organization not belonging to a state government for the purpose of the person's or organization's political, ideological or religious goals. This can be with the use of or disregard of civilian lives."

B) DEFINES “civilians”, as "Inhabitants of a nation that do not act as a government-official nor serve their nation's police or armed forces."

C) DEFINES “terrorist(s)" as "One or multiple individuals not serving their state as a government-official or in their nation's police or armed forces, who use violence to achieve their political, ideological or religious goals."

D) DEFINES “terrorist act(s)” as a violent act, often with the use of or disregard for civilian lives, in an attempt to further the terrorist's cause."

E) DEFINES "hijacking" as "an act to take control of a vehicle by force", in this resolution to be used for terrorism.

Hereby:

REQUIRES member states in regions with political instability such as civil unrest or armed conflict(s), to employ armed agents called "Air Marshals" in international flights both originating or headed for said region, to prevent hijackings from taking place.

REQUESTS member states to congregate and discuss the method of operations with the use Air Marshals in international flight between the two nations.

RESERVES the power to deem the use of Air Marshals necessary, to RAMBO ( Regional Air Marshal Board for Operations), a newly appointed third party organisation in cooperation with the World Assembly.

CONDEMNS member states who willingly fail to comply to this resolution. Such action shall be seen as a crime against the people.

[Hirota]

You've got the wrong category there ambassador. This would be an International Security proposal based on the contents of the draft.

[Wrapper]

You've got the wrong category there ambassador. This would be an International Security proposal based on the contents of the draft.

And, we would say, the wrong strength for IS. If all you're doing is requesting and urging, it should be mild. We'll let others make a more detailed critique.

[Imperium Anglorum]

So the only thing it does is put security guards on planes? Yea, that's Mild right there.

[Kaboomlandia]

I've actually had an idea like this before, but never got around to writing it. Cursory look, but why is this really an international issue?

[Imperium Anglorum]

I've actually had an idea like this before, but never got around to writing it. Cursory look, but why is this really an international issue?

Yes! Why does the World Assembly have to place security guards on planes? Is it that national governments cannot do so or something?

[Tinfect]

I've actually had an idea like this before, but never got around to writing it. Cursory look, but why is this really an international issue?

Yes! Why does the World Assembly have to place security guards on planes? Is it that national governments cannot do so or something?

"Of course, if they are World Assembly personnel, then would it not run afoul of GAR 2?"

[Imperium Anglorum]

Yes! Why does the World Assembly have to place security guards on planes? Is it that national governments cannot do so or something?

"Of course, if they are World Assembly personnel, then would it not run afoul of GAR 2?"

Parsons: Yes, but isn't it quite clear Sir Alexander, that the restriction is ignored by having member nations fund and commission these 'Air Marshals'?

[Tinfect]

Parsons: Yes, but isn't it quite clear Sir Alexei, that the restriction is ignored by having member nations fund and commission these 'Air Marshals'?

"Further reading of the Proposal reveals you are correct, apologies. Still, I fail to see how this proposal is in any way necessary."

[Imperium Anglorum]

Parsons: Yes, but isn't it quite clear Sir Alexei, that the restriction is ignored by having member nations fund and commission these 'Air Marshals'?

"Further reading of the Proposal reveals you are correct, apologies. Still, I fail to see how this proposal is in any way necessary."

OOC: Whoops, got the name wrong.

[Frisbeeteria]

why is this really an international issue?

Because nation law doesn't cover international flight?

It's a little thin, and probably needs to be more focused on international flights at the expense of internal travel. I'd rewrite it as a convention on permissible actions of Air Marshals on transnational flights, rather than the more treaty-based two-nation way it currently reads. Probably toss in some standards about cockpit cabin doors, use of transponders, and the possibility that suspicious international flights running without transponders could be shot down legally. I'd consider adding material on flights that cross national airspace but do NOT land as well. There's lots of potential international stuff there.

And yeah, Mild for sure.

[Imperium Anglorum]

why is this really an international issue?

Because nation law doesn't cover international flight?

It's a little thin, and probably needs to be more focused on international flights at the expense of internal travel. I'd rewrite it as a convention on permissible actions of Air Marshals on transnational flights, rather than the more treaty-based two-nation way it currently reads. Probably toss in some standards about cockpit cabin doors, use of transponders, and the possibility that suspicious international flights running without transponders could be shot down legally. I'd consider adding material on flights that cross national airspace but do NOT land as well. There's lots of potential international stuff there.

And yeah, Mild for sure.

But if we were to do that, wouldn't we run into the same problems which plagued the proposal International Aircraft Safety?

[The Lowlands and Saxony]

Dear fellow Ambassadors of the World Assembly,

First of al I would like to thank you all for giving your insight on this matter. It helps me in improving this draft so that it can be put up for vote. Please bear with me as the nation I am representing has only recently hatched out of it it's isolationistic shell and therefor brings little experience to the international stage. This is the very first proposal I can present on behalf of the Grand Duchy of The Lowlands and Saxony.

I believe this is a international issue as terrorism in the form of plane hijacking can take place on both domestic and international flights. If an airliner form nation A is used in an act of terrorism in nation B, a international crisis will arise. We can not allow this from happening as diplomatic relations can deteriorate because of this(something that might be the goal of a terrorist organization).

Considering the strength of the resolution and which body of the World Assembly: I have looked in the archive and based this proposal on the implemented General Assembly resolution 25 "WA Counterterrorism Act". This resolution was handled by the General Assembly and as such I found the GA capable enough to handle the proposed draft.

If needed, I can change the draft to demand the use of Air Marshals. The costs to employ these armed agents should be financed by the nations affected by this proposal.

[Imperium Anglorum]

If an airliner form nation A is used in an act of terrorism in nation B, a international crisis will arise.

OOC: I don't really believe that any nation would be so stupid to attribute a terrorist attack to another nation when it is clearly a terrorist attack. The only way this would happen is if Nation B was complicit in doing so, and if they are complicit, then there is a bigger problem than the terrorist attack already.

[Herby]

Considering the strength of the resolution and which body of the World Assembly: I have looked in the archive and based this proposal on the implemented General Assembly resolution 25 "WA Counterterrorism Act". This resolution was handled by the General Assembly and as such I found the GA capable enough to handle the proposed draft.

Indeed. One word of caution, be careful not to duplicate GA#25 in your draft. This does look promising. Unless...

If needed, I can change the draft to demand the use of Air Marshals. The costs to employ these armed agents should be financed by the nations affected by this proposal.

...unless you do something like that. There are nations that have outlawed weapons. They will never support a resolution that mandates armed personnel within their borders.

[The Lowlands and Saxony]

If an airliner form nation A is used in an act of terrorism in nation B, a international crisis will arise.

OOC: I don't really believe that any nation would be so stupid to attribute a terrorist attack to another nation when it is clearly a terrorist attack. The only way this would happen is if Nation B was complicit in doing so, and if they are complicit, then there is a bigger problem than the terrorist attack already.

OOC:
DEFINES “terrorism” as the use of violence by non-state actors for the purpose of creating fear or terror, to achieve a social, political, or religious outcome, and either committed with deliberate disregard or specific targeting of civilians or non-combatants.

So the case I am describing is: Terrorists hijack a plane of Saxon Air (My nation's airliner) and flies that plane into the city center of a city in your nation. Thousands die and you get angry at me because it is my airplane. This of course is just an example but that is what I meant

[Imperium Anglorum]

So the case I am describing is: Terrorists hijack a plane of Saxon Air (My nation's airliner) and flies that plane into the city center of a city in your nation. Thousands die and you get angry at me because it is my airplane. This of course is just an example but that is what I meant

OOC: I don't really believe that any nation would be so stupid to attribute a terrorist attack to another nation when it is clearly a terrorist attack. The only way this would happen is if Nation B The Lowlands and Saxony was complicit in doing so, and if they are complicit, then there is a bigger problem than the terrorist attack already.

[The Lowlands and Saxony]

Considering the strength of the resolution and which body of the World Assembly: I have looked in the archive and based this proposal on the implemented General Assembly resolution 25 "WA Counterterrorism Act". This resolution was handled by the General Assembly and as such I found the GA capable enough to handle the proposed draft.

Indeed. One word of caution, be careful not to duplicate GA#25 in your draft. This does look promising. Unless...

If needed, I can change the draft to demand the use of Air Marshals. The costs to employ these armed agents should be financed by the nations affected by this proposal.

...unless you do something like that. There are nations that have outlawed weapons. They will never support a resolution that mandates armed personnel within their borders.

Thank you for your insight. I used GA #25 as a reference since it is terrorism related. The definition used there is quite clear and I hope the other explanations I gave helps in seeing what I mean. So you say I shouldn't demand it. I do request and encourage it as it is now but if you have any additions, I am keen to hear them.

[Herby]

I used GA #25 as a reference since it is terrorism related. The definition used there is quite clear and I hope the other explanations I gave helps in seeing what I mean.

OOC: Ooh, ahh, hadn't noticed that -- you can't copy wording from another resolution. That's plagiarism, and is against the proposal rules. If you submit this, then not only could the moderators strike it down, but they can also strip your nation of WA membership for plagiarism.

Normally you could ask the author of a resolution to post explicit permission to use their wording, but in this case the author ceased to exist five years ago, and the co-author three years ago.

You'll need to write your own definitions.

[The Lowlands and Saxony]

So the case I am describing is: Terrorists hijack a plane of Saxon Air (My nation's airliner) and flies that plane into the city center of a city in your nation. Thousands die and you get angry at me because it is my airplane. This of course is just an example but that is what I meant

OOC: I don't really believe that any nation would be so stupid to attribute a terrorist attack to another nation when it is clearly a terrorist attack. The only way this would happen is if Nation B The Lowlands and Saxony was complicit in doing so, and if they are complicit, then there is a bigger problem than the terrorist attack already.

I do not see how the country that owns the airliner would be complicit. This would mean that if an unprotected Air France plane is flown into the pyramids by a terrorist group so to say, France would be complicit. They did not exactly order the attack. The only way France could be held responsible is for the lack of security on the airport and on the plane. This proposal addresses that issue by asking for the use of Air Marshals

[The Lowlands and Saxony]

I used GA #25 as a reference since it is terrorism related. The definition used there is quite clear and I hope the other explanations I gave helps in seeing what I mean.

OOC: Ooh, ahh, hadn't noticed that -- you can't copy wording from another resolution. That's plagiarism, and is against the proposal rules. If you submit this, then not only could the moderators strike it down, but they can also strip your nation of WA membership for plagiarism.

Normally you could ask the author of a resolution to post explicit permission to use their wording, but in this case the author ceased to exist five years ago, and the co-author three years ago.

You'll need to write your own definitions.

OOC: ah... Good to know before this ever came up to vote. I will rewrite the copied pieces tomorrow then. For now I will keep replying to explain the purpose or to hear to adjustments or additions to the proposal.

[The Lowlands and Saxony]

Dear Ambassadors,

With the use of your opinions and insight, I have thus written a second draft of the proposal.

I am looking forward to any comments on the draft so that I can improve it further before putting it on the GA floor.

Kind regards,
Richard van Dongen,

Chief-Adviser on Foreign Affairs
Advisory Agency for Foreign Affairs of the Grand Duchy of The Lowlands and Saxony

[Caracasus]

We will examine this proposal in more depth at a later date ambassador. So far it looks promising. We would suggest though changing Air Marshals to Security Personnel - merely to represent the fact that many different nations may call their security forces something other than air marshals. A minor point, we realise.

[Hirota]

I don't have the time to look over this in depth at the moment, but on first glance this appears to be a well written draft, especially for a first time draftee.

International terrorism and security is something Hirota has helped legislate on in the past, so we are keen to add our feedback as soon as we can.

[Separatist Peoples]

"The cost of putting an armed officer on every single flight, even the little two-sweater puddle jumpers and freight carriers, is prohibitively expensive. Besides, private airways have a vested interest in not being hijacked, and will protect their own assets without governmental assistance. Heartily opposed."