Passed General Assembly Resolutions

[Imperium Anglorum]

Responsible Handling of Toxic Materials
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: All Businesses - Strong
Proposed by: The Ice States

Text: Whereas many toxic materials are necessary raw materials for chemical industry, or the immediate side-products thereof; and

Whereas the irresponsible handling of toxic materials can be grossly harmful to the health of both persons and the environment, such that international action should be taken to regulate the handling of toxic materials in member nations;

The World Assembly enacts as follows.

1. For the purposes of this resolution, a material shall be considered "toxic" in an environment or a quantity such that said material would pose, directly or via contamination of surrounding environments, a significant risk to health or of causing environmental degradation.
   
   
2. No toxic material may be disposed of or otherwise stored in a manner which may contaminate surrounding environments with said material, unless that material is first processed as to minimise its ability to contaminate the surrounding environment. Where said material, after such processing, would still pose a risk of contaminating the surrounding environment, the material may not be disposed of or otherwise stored without being surrounded by an effective physical barrier preventing said toxic material from contaminating the surrounding environment.
   
   
3. Any site in which toxic material is disposed of, processed, produced, or stored must have its immediate surrounding areas regularly tested for toxic material originating from said site.
   
   
4. The Toxic Materials Commission (TMC) is established. Upon the detection of an environment being contaminated by toxic material during storage, production, or disposal of the same, the entity responsible for said incident of contamination must promptly report that incident to the TMC, as well as the member nation of jurisdiction.
   
   
   1. The TMC shall publish the occurrence of said incident without undue delay. Further, should that incident threaten the environment of another nation, the TMC shall provide to that nation a recommended means for minimising or resolving harm, as a result of said incident, to that nation's environment. This shall not include harm sufficiently minimised by 4b efforts which have occurred, are occurring, or are to occur.
      
      
   2. The member nation responsible for said incident shall, to the best of its ability, collaborate with the TMC to remove said toxic material from areas under member or consenting non-member nation jurisdiction contaminated with that material as a result of said incident; except where the TMC has received clear and factual evidence that such removal will cause greater harm to that nation's environment than whatever harm is mitigated by such efforts. No member nation or entity therein may wilfully obstruct such removal efforts.
   
   
5. Member nations need not take action against isolated, de minimis violations of Sections 2 - 4, where the quantity of toxic material involved is negligible enough to pose no cognisable hazard to the environment or public health.
   
   
6. All research and data from the jurisdiction of a member nation vis-à-vis the toxicity of materials, or alternatives to toxic materials, must be shared with the TMC, by that member nation or any entity with intellectual property rights over said research or data.
   
   
   1. Such information need not be provided where that nation or entity lacks practical access to such research or data; that research or data has already been received by the TMC; or the accessing, provision, or distribution of that information is demonstrably likely to compromise national security or personal privacy.
      
      
   2. The TMC shall materially compensate any entity with intellectual property rights over said research or data no more or less than necessary to minimise any financial or other material losses which would be otherwise incurred by said entity as a result of the provision or Section 7 distribution of said research or data.
   
   
7. The TMC shall provide to member nations information it has received per Section 6, where such information is likely to help said nations replace, address the dangers of, or reduce toxic materials, except where providing said information is likely to compromise national security or personal privacy.
   
   
8. Previous World Assembly resolutions shall take precedence over this one in the case of contradiction.

Co-author: Heavens Reach

Votes For: 13 339 (85.3%)
Votes Against: 2 304 (14.7%)

Implemented Mon 20 Feb 2023

[GA 645 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Suppress International Piracy"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #20
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Description: General Assembly Resolution #20 "Suppress International Piracy" (Category: International Security, Strength: Significant) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Acknowledges the efforts of the target resolution to combat piracy;

Concerned that Clause 1 of the target introduces the concept of ”privateers” but without specifying their relationship with the government (if any), resulting in substantial ambiguities in the application of the resolution when, for example, member states are at a stage of undeclared war, or if governments give tacit but not explicit approval to piracy activities, or other ambiguous circumstances;

Dismayed that clause 7 of the target “that anybody who is accused of having served knowingly as crew aboard any vehicle being used by international pirates, but who can not be linked to any specific offences, shall be subject to appropriate charges of criminal conspiracy" and that "proof of that service shall constitute adequate proof for conviction on those charges, unless they prove that they were forced into that crew on pain of death and served only as a non-combatant" create a travesty of judicial principles in requiring that the burden of proof of the lack of a conspiracy (or the requirement of a threat of "pain of death" but not other forms of threats) has to come from the accused, thus indirectly deeming the accused guilty of an offence unless proven innocent;

Hereby repeals GAR#20 “Suppress International Piracy”.

Votes For: 12 794 (83.5%)
Votes Against: 2 533 (16.5%)

Implemented Fri 24 Feb 2023

[GA 646 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Action on Period Poverty
A resolution to reduce income inequality and increase basic welfare.

Category: Social Justice
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Text: Concerned that many member states have not yet acted to expand access to menstrual products, which has led to menstruating students missing out on billions of hours of education every year (which can severely affect their life prospects) and low-income menstruators often having to use ineffective substitutes or even steal menstrual products, to name just two examples, and

Recognising the need to end this travesty once and for all in developed and developing nations alike...

The General Assembly hereby:

1. mandates that:
   
   1. all hospitals in member states provide menstrual products for patients in genuine need who request them and staff,
   2. all educational establishments in member states that do not solely educate or employ non-menstruators provide menstrual products for staff and students,
   3. all employers in member states with toilet facilities which they expect to be used by menstruators provide menstrual products in those toilets for employees and customers,
   4. all other operators of public toilet facilities likely to be used by menstruators in member states provide menstrual products in those toilets,
   5. those menstrual products described in this Article be accessible, usable as intended by any menstruators foreseen to need them, free of charge, and first made available within six months of the passage of this resolution, and that
   6. locations providing menstrual products under Articles a(i-iv) also provide bins designed for the safe disposal of those products,
2. requires each member state to:
   
   1. raise awareness among its inhabitants of Article a's provisions,
   2. provide that those students receiving a curriculum which contains every element of a basic education learn about periods in terms of biology, society, and physical and mental health, and
   3. ensure that those entities within their jurisdiction described in Articles a(i-iv) comply with Article a; including by providing logistical and financial assistance to help them comply, and
3. recommends that members consider funding or otherwise supporting the provision of free and accessible menstrual supplies in other contexts, and
   
   
4. encourages members to work with civil society to end the stigmas surrounding periods.

Votes For: 9 195 (57.8%)
Votes Against: 6 715 (42.2%)

Implemented Sat 4 Mar 2023

[GA 647 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Drug Decriminalization Act"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #577
Proposed by: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Description: General Assembly Resolution #577 "Drug Decriminalization Act" (Category: Civil Rights, Strength: Significant) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Respecting the goal of the resolution to decriminalise the simple possession of psychoactive drugs, with the criminalisation thereof being an inefficient policy proven to cause massive societal harm and punish victims, instead of actually reducing drug addiction and use,

Dismayed that the resolution's definition of a "drug" excludes any substance with "recognized medical purposes", a very broad criterion which includes many recreational drugs such as morphine or fentanyl, thus opening up recreational users of such drugs to the harms the resolution aims to prevent,

Further noting that 1b.i of the resolution does nothing to prevent member nations from setting a broad rebuttable presumption that any quantity of drugs is "for the purposes of monetary or material gain", with such presumptions usually being very difficult or impossible to rebut, further allowing member nations to de facto criminalise simple drug possession,

Believing that these problems significantly weaken the resolution's protections, such that they should be repealed and replaced with stronger legislation on the subject,

Repeals the "Drug Decriminalization Act".

Co-author: Imperium Anglorum

Votes For: 13 175 (82.2%)
Votes Against: 2 848 (17.8%)

Implemented Wed 8 Mar 2023

[GA 648 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Legal Equality Act
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Strong
Proposed by: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Text: Recognising the importance of equality under the law in ensuring justice and stability in society,

Concerned by the lack of legislation or mechanisms to enforce the rule of law since "Equal Justice Under Law" was repealed,

Determined to ensure that the principle of equality under law is maintained in all member nations, in order to deliver equity and justice to their subjects,

The World Assembly enacts as follows, subject to relevant past World Assembly resolutions still in force.

1. All individuals and juridical persons under the jurisdiction of a member nation, as well as that member nation itself, must be held fully accountable under all applicable laws of that member nation.
   
   
2. Where allowed under past or future standing World Assembly law and regardless of Section 1, member nations may
   
   
   1. enact measures such as commutations and pardons, including refraining from prosecuting a case, where said measures demonstrably protect a public interest which (i) outweighs the public's interest in accountability under the law and (ii) clearly necessitates the enactment of such measures;
      
      
   2. grant immunity to actions which are conducted in the scope of legislative or judicial activity, such as casting ballots, testifying in court, or adjudicating on a trial, yet excluding criminal prosecution; or
      
      
   3. allow entities tasked with conducting public functions to engage in otherwise-unlawful acts which are demonstrably necessary for said entities to be able to effectively conduct said functions.
   
   
3. Administrative and political subdivisions of member nations must comply with this resolution as member nations.

Co-author: Chipoli

Votes For: 12 849 (81.6%)
Votes Against: 2 889 (18.4%)

Implemented Sun 12 Mar 2023

[GA 649 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Restrictions on Hydraulic Fracturing"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #417
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Description: General Assembly Resolution #417 "Restrictions on Hydraulic Fracturing" (Category: Environmental, Industry Affected: All Businesses - Strong) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Acknowledging the Assembly’s efforts to protect member states’ environment, ensure a safe water supply (GAR#223, GAR#441, GAR#453), and regulate oil drilling activities (GAR#95, GAR#409 and GAR#510);

Concerned that the targeted resolution, GAR#417 "Restrictions on Hydraulic Fracturing" fails to adequately regulate fracturing as a method of oil and gas extraction, and left open loopholes that impair effective regulations and impede proper governance, including the following key issues:

1. The target only covers fracturing that uses "pressurized liquids" and thus allowing any producer to adopt new technologies in non-liquid fracturing such as using natural gas, nitrogen, propane stimulation and pneumatic fracturing;
   
   
2. The target “[p]rohibits the practice of hydraulic fracturing… which are in or within close range of land inhabited” but with a significant qualifier on the said prohibition on its applicability "to the extent of that the practice" (i) “poses a demonstrably significant threat of contamination”, (ii) “harms the water resources demonstrably neccessary to ensure the health of local communities” and/or (iii) “poses significant risk of other strongly detrimental health effects”, without defining key terms such as "close range", “demonstrably significant threat” or water resources “demonstrably necessary” for health, and what constitutes “strongly detrimental health effects”;
   
   
3. The said resolution prevents member states from negotiating transboundary solutions on fracturing that would be mutually beneficial to states tapping into fields on both sides of a boundary, and forces members bordering non-members to restrict their own operations while allowing those non-members to frack at will;

Thus believing that conditions imposed by the target impede the Assembly from considering enhanced rules on oil and gas drilling, allow producers to easily get around existing rules, calling the effectiveness of the resolution into serious questions;

Hereby repeals "Restrictions on Hydraulic Fracturing."

Votes For: 11 112 (78.0%)
Votes Against: 3 128 (22.0%)

Implemented Mon 20 Mar 2023

[GA 650 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Foreign Copyright Recognition"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #232
Proposed by: Heidgaudr

Description: General Assembly Resolution #232 "Foreign Copyright Recognition" (Category: Free Trade, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The General Assembly,

Believing that freedom of artistic expression is a cornerstone of a healthy society;

Recognizing the need for artists to receive due compensation for their work; however,

Contending that GA#232 "Foreign Copyright Recognition" works contrary to these fundamental beliefs;

Aggrieved that member nations are permitted to institute policies that are destructive to both artists and member nations alike;

Finds the following:

1. Article 3's minimum length requirement and lack of any maximum length requirement leads to nonsensical outcomes. For the former, domestic copyright may lapse long before the foreign copyright has. In the latter, a work can remain copyrighted long after the artist and their immediate family are deceased. In either extreme, members are disadvantaged with no justification for doing so.
   
   
2. Article 3 is furthermore troublesome as a nation may change its copyright laws for the express purpose of economically damaging other member nations. Such a form of economic warfare is antithetical to the World Assembly's mission and as such should not be tolerated.
   
   
3. Article 4's limitations and exceptions to copyright when doing so "are clearly in the public interest" are incredibly vague, creating a chilling effect wherein people who might be entitled to use the work under these exceptions refrain from doing so out of fear of litigation.

For these reasons, hereby repeals GA#232 "Foreign Copyright Recognition".

Votes For: 14 154 (95.0%)
Votes Against: 738 (5.0%)

Implemented Fri 24 Mar 2023

[GA 651 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Military Freedom Act"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #132
Proposed by: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Description: General Assembly Resolution #132 "Military Freedom Act" (Category: Furtherment of Democracy, Strength: Significant) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Praising the ostensible goal of the resolution to protect conscientious objectors from being subject to forced military service, and accordingly noting that a replacement has already been fully drafted as to protect this goal upon repeal of the target, yet

Saddened that the resolution's definition of a "war of aggression" requires that said war be "initiated by the conscientious objector's nation", thus allowing member nations to force conscientious objectors to serve in combative roles to assist unjust wars of aggression by other nations,

Further noting that Article III, Section 4 also creates a major loophole, as it authorises member nations to force objectors to continue to serve in combative military duties for the rest of the original terms which they were assigned to serve for, so long as this is less than six months, which is plainly counterproductive to the protection of conscientious objectors,

Finding that coercing conscientious objectors to serve in military duties, even if for a limited period of time, is rarely helpful to a nation's military goals, as it would weaken the general morale of its armed forces and thereby hinder military goals, and

Believing that, as resolutions cannot be amended, the only way to address these problems is by repealing and replacing the target,

Repeals the "Military Freedom Act".

Votes For: 12 880 (88.6%)
Votes Against: 1 661 (11.4%)

Implemented Sat 1 Apr 2023

[GA 652 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Prevention of Identity Theft
A resolution to improve world security by boosting police and military budgets.

Category: International Security
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Chipoli

Text: The World Assembly,

Believing identity theft to be a global problem that if not addressed, can lead to serious consequences for all those who fall victim to this shameless act,

Recognizing that identity theft can occur through a variety of means, including the theft of personal information, the use of stolen personal information to commit fraud, and the use of altered or counterfeit identity documents,

Noting that while past resolutions were passed in this august assembly with good intentions (GA Resolution 110, “Identity Theft Prevention Act” and GA Resolution 576, "Preventing Identity Theft"), their flaws rendered them ineffective at combating this problem, and thus replacement legislation is required,

Determined to prevent identity theft and protect the victims from its consequences,

Hereby enacts the following into World Assembly Law:

1. Defines “Identity Theft” as the acquisition of another person's identifying or financial information to use their identity for financial gain without their consent.
   
   
2. Establishes the World Assembly Identity Database (WAID) to log and track stolen identities.
   
   1. Law enforcement organizations in member states and member state governments are given full access to all of WAID's identity data within their nation. All data must be kept confidential and encrypted from any person or organization that isn't explicitly allowed access to the data.
      
      
   2. Those entrusted with using WAID must undergo training to gain knowledge and understanding about using the database. Staff must be ensured to have passed the training before receiving access to the database.
      
      
   3. Any individual that believes themselves to be a victim of identity theft and other agencies may submit their information to the database. All submitted information must be reviewed by administrators at WAID to verify their legitimacy and importance.
      
   4. Depending on the severity, WAID itself may impose sanctions on any organization or person who abuses the database. In serious instances, the offender can be forbidden from using the database.
      
      1. The WAID commission shall not leak or sell any identity data from the WAID.
         
3. Member states may share WAID data to apprehend the suspect(s).
   
   
4. All businesses and institutions that save personal data are urged to implement updated anti-identity-theft technology to counter any possible identity theft.
   
   
5. The act of identity theft or aiding someone in committing identity theft, shall be outlawed in all member states effective immediately.
   
   1. Member states must combat identity theft as much as they possibly can within the scope of their jurisdictions by investigating identity theft reports, responding to them, and cooperating with identity theft victims.

Votes For: 10 863 (72.8%)
Votes Against: 4 053 (27.2%)

Implemented Wed 5 Apr 2023

[GA 653 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

The Civil Charter of the World Assembly
A resolution to restrict political freedoms in the interest of law and order.

Category: Political Stability
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Text: Whereas there exists an ominous silence surrounding a charter resolution to codify the role of the World Assembly and its relationship with its many member nations;

And whereas a governing charter of the World Assembly, formally codifying the rights, lefts, obligations, and freedoms of member nations in peacetime, would facilitate the ability of the World Assembly to take a strong, collective stance for the rights and dignities of sapient beings around the world, and also against a certain goblinoid menace which occasionally rampages against this grand bureaucracy; be it hereby declared as follows—

1. Each World Assembly member nation shall be recognised as a sovereign power, both by the World Assembly and by its individual member nations. To that end, no member nation shall be restricted in its ability to determine its own affairs, including its own system of government, its own borders, and its own legislation, subject to the limitations of relevant international law, including that of the World Assembly.
   
   
2. Likewise, each member nation shall have the right to freely conduct its international relations and activity, subject to the limitations of relevant international law, including that of the World Assembly.
   
   
3. In accordance with its sovereignty, each member nation has consented to being subject to World Assembly law by virtue of its membership in this august body. As a result, every member nation must fully comply with all active World Assembly law, including this resolution, in good faith, to the very best of its ability, and without any preventable delay. This shall apply regardless of any other law binding that member nation, whether subnational, national, or international.
   
   
4. The World Assembly shall have the ability to, via resolution, directly and indirectly enforce penalties upon any member nation which fails in its duty under Section 3, including through measures such as fines and trade sanctions.
   
   
5. Every member nation should be treated fairly under World Assembly law, as this supremacy grants this assembly great power over its member nations. Therefore, member nations shall maintain full equality under all World Assembly law.

Co-author: Kenmoria

Votes For: 8 888 (65.8%)
Votes Against: 4 629 (34.2%)

Implemented Sun 9 Apr 2023

[GA 654 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Combating International Piracy
A resolution to improve world security by boosting police and military budgets.

Category: International Security
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Concerned for the need to protect the safety of ships at sea due to deliberate harm, such as piracy, sabotage, or other activities;

Noting that crimes that interfere with shipping frequently transcend national borders and interfere with inter-national trade, for which the WA has a clear interest and provides a suitable forum for resolving issues arising from such crimes;

Hereby defines:

“Privateering” means any ship authorized by a state explicitly for the purpose of looting ships from another state;

“Ships” means any vessel of any type, including (as examples) submarines and offshore drill platforms, excluding any vessels acting under the authority of a state and used for war, national defense and/or civil defense purposes;

For the purposes of this resolution, a “state” means any state (regardless of whether it is a member of WA) and a “member state” means a state that is a member of WA;

1. Hereby deems anyone intentionally committing (or attempting to commit), with malicious intent, any of the following on any ships to be guilty of an offence:
   
   1. seizes, exercises control (through munity or other means) a ship, its equipment, its passengers/or its cargo by force or the threat of force; and/or
   2. damages or otherwise harms a ship, its equipment, its passengers and/or its cargo to the extent that it endangers the operation and/or safety of the ship;
   3. the participation by any of its citizens in privateering on behalf of one state against another state, except when acting on behalf of a state that is in a status of war (declared or otherwise) with the said other state;
   4. the aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring of the aforesaid activities in clauses (1a) to (1c) by anyone;
2. Hereby affirms that a member state shall have priority of jurisdiction over any of the offences in clause 1 of this resolution if the said offence was committed (or allegedly was):
   
   1. physically within the waters of the said member state, and/or
   2. on a ship under the flag of the said member state, and/or
   3. by or against a citizen of the said member state; and/or
   4. on a ship carrying cargo belonging to a member state, its citizens or its duly incorporated legal persons;
3. Hereby declares that, for the purpose of the offences in clause 1:
   
   1. anyone who commits such offence(s) commits an offence against all member states;
   2. any member state shall have the right to stop the happenstance of such an offence and to prosecute anyone accused of such an offence;
   3. the principle of aut dedere aut judicare applies and all member states must, subject to due process, prosecute anyone reasonably accused of such offence(s) (and penalize anyone duly convicted thereof) where no other member state has requested extradition;
4. Hereby clarifies:
   
   1. a member state may not authorize any privateering activities against ships under the flag of another state except in times of war against that state;
   2. that this resolution does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction exercised in accordance with national law;
   3. in case of disputes between member states on this resolution (including claims on jurisdiction or extradition (or lack thereof) as per clause 2 and/or clause 3c), such disputes shall be subject to the binding arbitration of the WA Nautical Commission.

Votes For: 11 752 (79.0%)
Votes Against: 3 126 (21.0%)

Implemented Thu 13 Apr 2023

[GA 655 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Protecting Public Domain Dedications
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Text: Convinced that while domestic copyright owners have fundamental moral rights to their work, they should be free to waive those rights before the copyright would normally expire, allowing others to freely share and build on that work, and

Believing that, when copyright of a work is waived by its creators, foreign member states should reciprocate that waiver in the interests of fairness...

The General Assembly hereby:

1. defines a "copyrighted work" in a member state as a work created within, and protected by copyright in, that member,
   
   
2. declares that anybody who owns the copyright of a copyrighted work in the member state it was created in may irreversibly waive the copyright of that work in that member, so long as all the owners of that work's copyright agree to the waiver,
   
   
3. requires that all members other than the member it was created in immediately and irreversibly waive whatever copyright they may have recognised of any work whose copyright has been waived in the member it was created in pursuant to Article b, and
   
   
4. encourages members to follow Article c in the case of:
   
   1. works created in a non-member state whose copyrights have been waived in that non-member, and
   2. works created in a member state which does not recognise copyrights for domestically-produced works (so long as all the creators of that work agree to such a waiver), but
5. clarifies that this resolution:
   
   1. merely sets out legal procedures for members and does not advise any copyright owner to sustain or waive their moral rights,
   2. does not require any member to institute copyright protections, and
   3. does not prevent any member from allowing the copyright of a work to be transferred to another entity, so long as all its current copyright owners agree.

Votes For: 9 492 (73.8%)
Votes Against: 3 373 (26.2%)

Implemented Mon 17 Apr 2023

[GA 656 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

World Psychoactive Drugs Act
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Text: Believing that drug criminalisation, as previously declared by this chamber, has been an ineffective policy, which, instead of actually reducing drug addiction and use, punishes victims and causes harm to society writ large,

The World Assembly enacts as follows, subject to past World Assembly law still in force.

1. In this resolution, a "psychoactive drug" is a substance consumed recreationally in order to induce psychoactive effects.
   
   
2. No member nation may prosecute, punish, or penalise any individual for their possession of a psychoactive drug, except where
   
   
   1. said drug is used, and can be successfully used, to incapacitate another individual as to facilitate the commission of violence against that individual, and the individual possessing said drug is demonstrably aware that they are possessing said drug; or
      
      
   2. that member nation can provide clear and convincing evidence that the possession of said drug is for the purpose of providing or otherwise distributing said drug to another individual or entity.
3. No member nation may prosecute, punish, or penalise any individual for their consumption of a psychoactive drug, so long as such consumption occurs in private and does not pose a clear, specific, and imminent danger to the health or safety of other individuals.
   
   
4. The confiscation of a psychoactive drug from an individual shall not be prohibited under this resolution. Any conviction, punishment, or sentence which violates the terms of this resolution must be immediately rescinded; and no member nation may commence, continue, or resume enforcement of any such conviction, punishment, or sentence. Political and administrative subdivisions of member nations must comply with this resolution as member nations.

Co-author: Greater Cesnica

Votes For: 9 668 (68.7%)
Votes Against: 4 397 (31.3%)

Implemented Fri 21 Apr 2023

[GA 657 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Borderzone Mining and Drilling
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: All Businesses - Mild
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly,

Acknowledging the Assembly’s efforts to protect member states’ environment, ensure a safe water supply (GAR#223, GAR#441, GAR#453), regulate oil drilling activities (GAR#95, GAR#409 and GAR#510), and mining (GAR#148, GAR#263, GAR#346)

Noting that no regulation covers cases where land based mining, drilling and other forms of extraction of natural resources occur near national borders;

1. Hereby requires:
   
   
   1. A member state that proposes approving mining, drilling and dredging activities ("mining state") (and, hereafter, for convenience, collectively referred to as "mining") wholly within its national land borders must seek the approval of any member state(s) ("bordering member state(s)") that share a land border with the mining state if either the mining state or any of the bordering member state(s) reasonably believes that the mining activities conducted by the mining state will affect the environment (including natural and/or cultural environment) of the bordering member state(s) or the health and well-being of their citizens;
      
      
   2. Any mining activities that transcend the borders of more than one member state (either above ground or underground) require the approval of all of the member states affected by such activities;
      
      
   3. A bordering member state may require a mining state to conduct such environmental impact studies and other assessments as the bordering member state (and the mining state) together deem appropriate, with all costs to be borne by the mining state (and if mining activities involve multiple member states, such costs and benefits to be allocated based on mutual negotiations)
      
      
   4. A bordering member state may require a mining state to assess the costs of any remedial measures as the bordering member state deems appropriate on any mining and drilling activities that affect the bordering member state, and for the mining state to determine whether such activities are ultimately beneficial (in all aspects to the well-being of both the mining state and the bordering member state and not merely financial well-being) prior to the commencement of any mining activities, and for the mining state to fully indemnify the bordering member state(s) for any remedial costs incurred;
      
      
   5. Hereby requires that any disputes between member states concerning this resolution shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Environmental Survey of the World Assembly;
2. Hereby encourages member states to negotiate similar arrangements if they share a land border with a non member state;
   
   
3. Hereby clarifies that for the purpose of this resolution:
   
   
   1. the terms "land based", "land borders" or similar terms also include partially submerged tidal flats, marshlands, and very shallow waters and other similar geological features applicable to individual member states;
      
      
   2. the term "mining" includes drilling (as a matter of convenience in wording as defined in the preamble), plus dredging and other technologies used in the extraction of natural resources, and includes all of exploratory, scientific/research-related and commercial mining.

Votes For: 11 140 (73.6%)
Votes Against: 3 993 (26.4%)

Implemented Sat 29 Apr 2023

[GA 658 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Medical Standards
A resolution to modify universal standards of healthcare.

Category: Health
Area of Effect: Healthcare
Proposed by: Merni

Text: The World Assembly,

Acknowledging several extant resolutions on specific issues relating to healthcare,

Lamenting that no resolution exists to ensure that member states ensure general medical standards,

Noting that patients are often misled into believing that an unqualified person is a qualified medical practitioner,

Observing that many medical drugs and devices are advertised and prescribed which are unsafe or ineffective,

Declaring that good-quality and ethical medical care is a basic necessity and a civil right, and

Agreeing that medical standards are a subject on which significant variation exists between member states, and that the imposition of a single set of standards across the World Assembly is not practical,

hereby:

Defines, for the purposes of this resolution:

1. a "medical practitioner" as a person who purports to practice medicine or otherwise treat sapient species with a view to improving their health,
2. a "medical institution" as an institution whose primary purpose is to impart medical care to patients, including but not limited to hospitals, and
3. a "medical drug" as any substance advertised to treat or alleviate the symptoms of any illness, disease or disorder, or to improve the health of a sapient species, and a "medical device" as a device advertised for such purposes;

Directs each member state to designate an authority or authorities (hereinafter a "medical authority"), staffed by impartial medical experts, with the following powers:

1. certification of medical practitioners who have demonstrated sufficient knowledge and skill of medicine,
2. regulation of all medical institutions, to ensure that sufficient facilities are available to safely treat patients, and
3. approval of medical drugs and devices, to ensure that they are of good quality and that the contents thereof and any known side effects, contra-indications, allergens, etc. are disclosed to any person to whom they are sold, dispensed, distributed or prescribed;

Mandates medical authorities to act in good faith for the improvement of public health, and not in an arbitrary, discriminatory or routine manner;

Prohibits any person from wilfully misrepresenting themselves as a medical practitioner certified by the medical authority;

Requires all medical practitioners, whether certified or not, to act in the interests of the overall health of their patients while imparting medical care, and not to engage in treatment which they know to be insufficient, excessive, or ineffective, or upon which they have insufficient knowledge, except with the informed consent of the patient, or when providing sufficient treatment is inconsistent with the responsible management of communal resources;

Bans any person from wilfully misrepresenting a medical drug or device as being approved by the medical authority;

Forbids any person from manufacturing, marketing, selling, distributing or prescribing a medical drug or device which they know is likely to be ineffective or harmful, except in the context of clearly disclosed and consensual scientific research, unless the drug or device is prescribed by a medical practitioner with the informed consent of the patient when no better option is available;

Urges member states to establish distinctive titles, styles, insignia or other words or symbols for the exclusive use of (i) certified medical practitioners and (ii) approved medical drugs or devices, in order to clearly distinguish certified medical practitioners and approved drugs or devices from others;

Encourages medical authorities to liaise with the World Health Authority and with their counterparts in other nations, to gain the benefits of scientific advancements;

Declares that the provisions of this resolution shall apply to all systems of medicine, including both traditional and modern systems; and

Clarifies that nothing in this resolution shall prohibit uncertified medical practitioners from practicing medicine, or unapproved medical drugs or devices from being manufactured, sold, distributed or prescribed, but reserves to member states the right to enact such prohibitions.

Votes For: 11 826 (78.4%)
Votes Against: 3 267 (21.6%)

Implemented Sun 7 May 2023

[GA 659 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Protecting Objectors In Combative Military Service
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Text: Believing that individuals have the right not to be forced to participate in combative roles in an armed conflict despite holding conscientious, moral, or religious objections against such participation,

Further noting that conscripted conscientious objectors not only are likely to be demoralised themselves, but also demoralise the rest of the armed force in which they are conscripts, thus providing little to no advantage as soldiers,

The World Assembly enacts as follows.

1. No member nation may coerce, require, or otherwise compel any individual to serve in any role in an armed conflict wherein said individual would be required to attempt to directly cause physical harm or injury to any other individual, should that individual have expressed a bona fide conscientious, moral, or religious objection against serving in that role.
   
   
2. Such an objection may only be voided by the individual in question. Further, no person may be penalised for expressing, holding, or failing to void, such an objection.
   
   
3. This resolution does not prohibit member nations from enforcing forced military service in compliance with Sections 1 and 2. Yet, regardless of the other provisions of this resolution, the World Assembly shall maintain the power to further restrict forced military service by resolution.

Votes For: 11 149 (74.8%)
Votes Against: 3 766 (25.2%)

Implemented Thu 11 May 2023

[GA 660 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Voting Rights Guarantees
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Defining:

1. "bod(ies)" to mean any body/bodies of government in a WA member state with legislative, judicial, consultative, or other powers (substantive or otherwise) at national and/or all sub-national levels;
   
   
2. "election(s)" to mean elections for representatives to the said bod(ies), including any preliminary elections, or consultative meetings for choosing representatives such as caucuses;
   
   
3. "voters" to mean anyone who is eligible to participate in the said elections, notwithstanding that a registration process may be required by a member state prior to participation;

Hereby requires:

1. No one in any WA member state that is otherwise eligible to be a voter shall be denied the right to vote (and/or to register to vote), for any bod(ies) on account of the following immutable characteristics:
   
   1. Current status of incarceration (including work release, parole, half-way houses and home confinement);
      
   2. Previous records of incarceration (including parole) and criminal conviction;
      
   3. Failure to repay any debts due in full or in part (including liens, fines, penalties, taxes and fees payable pursuant to any legislation or regulation at any level of government);
2. Any interpretation of this resolution by the judiciary of a WA member state shall be for the benefit of anyone who would otherwise be denied the aforesaid rights.

Co-author: Millenhaal

Votes For: 11 764 (79.3%)
Votes Against: 3 071 (20.7%)

Implemented Mon 15 May 2023

[GA 661 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Public Endangered Species Table
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: All Businesses - Mild
Proposed by: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Text: Believing that a public database of endangered species would

• promote awareness regarding endangered organisms whose endangerment would otherwise be overlooked, in turn encouraging conservation action;
  
• help member nations tailor their conservation efforts to be more efficient, as knowledge of endangered organisms would be more available; and
  
• aid further research regarding endangered organisms, in turn further facilitating conservation thereof;

Excited by the further benefits of the World Assembly engaging in its own research vis-a-vis endangered species, which would facilitate member nations' own conservation and research efforts;

The World Assembly enacts as follows, subject to past World Assembly law still in force.

1. Database: The Endangered Species Database Institution (ESDI) shall be formed as a subcommittee of the WA Endangered Species Committee and shall carry out the following tasks to the best of its ability,
   
   
   1. Compiling and regularly updating a database, known as the Public Endangered Species Table and hereinafter referred to as the "Table", of all extant and recently extinct species, subspecies, and populations, and all data substantially relevant to past, current, or potential future conservation efforts thereof, including but not limited to natural habitat, diet, threats to survival, predators, genetic details, likelihood of extinction or endangerment, location, and sightings, based on objective information of clear demonstrableness from research, reports, or other evidence practically available to and publicly documented by the ESDI.
      
      
   2. Publishing the Table in full, such that the Table can be accessed for free and breadth of public access to the Table is maximised.
      
      
   3. Using funds from the WA General Fund to complete tasks assigned to the ESDI in this resolution if necessary to do so.
   Researchers working for or in member nations are strongly encouraged to use any relevant information in the Table to facilitate their research vis-a-vis endangered species.
   
   
2. ESDI research: The ESDI may conduct its own research to find new data that would significantly aid in updating the Table within member or consenting non-member nations.
   
   
   1. Each member nation where such research is occurring must, to the best of its ability and in good faith, comply with all requests for information in regard to that research by the ESDI, except for such requests for information whose accessing, provision, or publication is demonstrably likely to compromise national security or personal privacy.
      
      
   2. ESDI access for such research may only be denied to areas within a member nation to which access is restricted for all national residents without specific authorisation for protection of national security or public health or safety, or that area's status as private property, a quarantined area, or a vulnerable culturally or environmentally significant site, by that member nation or an entity therein in charge of preventing unauthorised access to that area, unless the ESDI can clearly demonstrate that such access is to the minimal extent necessary to achieve the aim of that research. If the ESDI does enter such an area, it shall take sufficient precautions to duly minimise or prevent risk to national security, public health or safety, or damage to that private property or culturally or environmentally significant site.
      
      
   3. No member nation or entity therein may wilfully otherwise obstruct the due course of any such research, via action or lack thereof.
   
   
3. Provision of information: Member nations must, to the best of their ability and in good faith, provide the ESDI with all research and factual data respectively published or discovered within their jurisdiction that they have practical access to, has not already been received by the ESDI, and is substantially relevant to any past, present, or future conservation efforts, unless the accessing, provision, or publication of that information is demonstrably likely to compromise national security or personal privacy. The ESDI shall duly compensate any entity's contribution of said research and data to the ESDI for internal use and maintenance of the Table.
   
   
4. Protection of sensitive information: Regardless of the other mandates of this resolution, the ESDI shall not place in the Table, make public, or otherwise distribute any information in a manner likely to compromise national security or personal privacy. Nor shall the ESDI place in the Table or itself publish research for which an entity maintains intellectual property rights, absent the informed consent of said entity. For the purposes of this Section, research does not include factual data or information contained therein. This resolution shall not restrict any intellectual property rights of contributing entities to any other use of Section 3 research.

Votes For: 11 767 (79.8%)
Votes Against: 2 979 (20.2%)

Implemented Fri 19 May 2023

[GA 662 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

World Assembly Official Merchandise [Struck out by GA 675]
A resolution to reduce barriers to free trade and commerce.

Category: Free Trade
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly (WA),

Noting the WA's popularity across member states throughout the multiverse;

Dismayed that such popularity has not been leveraged to help fund the initiatives of the WA by selling merchandise to citizens of member states and fans of the WA across the multiverse;

Hereby defines:

"WA merchandise" as products of all kinds carrying WA IP and authorized for sale by WATCH;

"WA IP" as all intellectual property associated with the World Assembly and its constituent committees, including their names, logos, mascots, and other symbols deemed as such by WATCH;

"WATCH" to mean the WA Trust for Cultural Heritage;

1. Hereby requires WATCH to:
   
   
   1. Authorize businesses within member states to produce and ship WA merchandise in a fair and transparent process;
      
      
   2. Encourage individual member states to license (for valuable consideration) their own national symbols, important books and works of art, and other items deemed significant to their culture for use as WA merchandise;
      
      
   3. Ensure that all WA merchandise meet quality, environmental protection, safety, reliability and other requirements applicable;
      
      
   4. Ensure that all WA merchandise sold in an individual member state meet the technological, cultural, social, and other requirements, norms and practices of the said individual member state;
      
      
   5. Promote exports of WA merchandise to non member states;
      
      
   6. Arrange for retailing of WA merchandise in such manner as WATCH deems appropriate across all member states, tailored to the customary methods of retailing of each member state across the multiverse;
2. Hereby requires the WA General Accounting Office to monitor the profits generated from WA merchandise, and further specifies that such profits be used:
   
   
   1. Firstly, to fund the humanitarian activities of the WA;
      
      
   2. Secondly, if any funds remain, for the benefit of the WA General Fund;
3. Hereby encourages member states' government agencies (including sub-national governments and agencies) to purchase WA merchandise for their use as well as for the benefit of its citizens.

Votes for: 8 334 (55.56 pc)
Votes against: 6 666 (44.44 pc)

Implemented Wed 24 May 2023

[GA 663 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Limiting Animal Pathogens"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #609
Proposed by: Gemeinschaftsland

Description: General Assembly Resolution #609 "Limiting Animal Pathogens" (Category: Environmental, Industry Affected: Agriculture) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Aware of the need for international measures to challenge the increasingly universal problem of zoonotic disease, including regulations on the import, export, and sale of live animals and animal carcasses,

Concerned that General Assembly Resolution #609 “Limiting Animal Pathogens,” in seeking to accomplish this worthwhile goal, is unfortunately burdened with many substantial and quite frankly unacceptable oversights, in particular:

1. Finding Clause 2d's requirement that "Any person who tests positive [for a zoonotic disease] under this paragraph may not work at any wet market until such person reliably tests negative for the same zoonotic disease" to be particularly imprudent, not only in that it does not necessarily require that the most reliable tests available be used, but also insofar as it could disbar wet market employees from such work indefinitely (if not permanently) in cases where they are unable to consistently test negative for zoonotic diseases, even when this would pose little to no risk to public health, such as:
   
   
   1. Scenarios in which the only available methods of testing have an unacceptable level of accuracy and where there is a high probability of potentially devastating false diagnosis. The issue is only broadened by the lack of any provision requiring that the most reliable tests be those used. Ultimately, all kinds of wet market workers may very well find themselves unable to "reliably [test] negative for the same zoonotic disease", thus preventing them from returning to work and putting their well-being at risk.
      
      
   2. Scenarios where a qualifying zoonotic infection (of which there are many) may be treated to the point of safety and nontransmissibility but remains persistent or latent in a host; infected wet market workers, despite posing no further danger to themselves or others, may find themselves unable to ever consistently receive negative test results, permanently preventing them from providing for themselves and their loved ones.
      
      
   3. Situations where, even though a disease can be cured and relevant tests may be broadly accurate, the only available testing (such as serology tests) can still return positive results in the weeks, months, and even years after an infection has been effectively cured, thereby preventing afflicted wet market employees from returning to their trades for a significant, or permanent, stretch of time.
2. Appalled by Clause 4a.'s grossly unreasonable demand that "every animal" intended for import or export be tested (as opposed to the random testing required by Clause 2 in wet market contexts) for qualifying zoonotic illnesses, which could, and almost certainly would, cause member states undue financial and logistical stress, given that livestock and other animals are often transported in bulk and that many requisite tests require substantial time and effort for each sample taken, altogether potentially leading to delays, cost overruns, and economic disaster for WA member states;
   
   
3. Baffled that, throughout Clauses 2 and 4, all rules and regulations fail to take into account the fact that many such zoonotic illnesses lack any adequate testing whatsoever. The resolution's provisions, in failing to carve out exceptions for these diseases, risk locking WA member states into narrow, restrictive, and potentially ineffective public health responses due to mandated misallocation of national resources;

Judging that the pantheon of issues enclosed within this resolution’s provisions more than justifies their immediate removal from extant international law,

Hereby repeals General Assembly Resolution #609 “Limiting Animal Pathogens”.

Co-author: Tinhampton

Votes For: 12 796 (88.2%)
Votes Against: 1 706 (11.8%)

Implemented Sat 27 May 2023

[GA 664 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Minimum Standard of Living Act
A resolution to reduce income inequality and increase basic welfare.

Category: Social Justice
Strength: Strong
Proposed by: New Kowloon Bay

Text: Believing that a minimum standard of living should be granted to all individuals,

The General Assembly:

1. Defines the “minimum standard of living”, for the purposes of this resolution, as the necessary amount of food and nutrition and adequate access to hygiene, housing, transport, and appropriate utilities and conditions of care which a person needs to live with health and dignity.

2. Asserts that all member states of this Assembly must provide this minimum standard of living to those living within their territory.

3. Encourages member states to promote this guarantee via providing incentives, financial or otherwise, to companies which assist in this guarantee.

4. In the case where a government is unable to provide the minimum standard of living, authorizes the World Assembly Compliance Commission and the Independent Adjudicative Office to determine the culpability of the member nation.

4.1. In the case where a government is unable to provide the minimum standard of living, but is not found to be culpable, the WA Development Foundation may, on that government's request, work with that government to improve infrastructure in order to provide the minimum standard of living as soon as possible.

Votes For: 10 828 (75.4%)
Votes Against: 3 529 (24.6%)

Implemented Wed 31 May 2023

[GA 665 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Convention on Law Enforcement for Heinous Crimes [Struck out by GA 680]
A resolution to improve world security by boosting police and military budgets.

Category: International Security
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: Magecastle Embassy Building A5

Text: Whereas, given the heinous nature of crimes against humanity and other similar acts, member nations should cooperate with each other to bring those responsible to justice; and

Whereas such cooperation is effectively promoted by facilitating comity between member nations in dealing with heinous crimes;

The World Assembly enacts as follows, subject to past World Assembly law still in force.

1. For the purposes of this resolution, a "heinous crime" means an act which World Assembly law explicitly or implicitly designates as a war crime, a crime against peace, or a crime against humanity, regardless of what jurisdiction takes up a case regarding that act.
   
   
2. Where an individual charged or convicted for a heinous crime in a World Assembly member nation remains under the jurisdiction of another member nation, the latter member nation must make a bona fide review to determine whether to extend comity over the case, if such comity is not already extended or to be extended. Such a review must be presided over by a court or other tribunal.
   
   
   1. In such a review, the tribunal must consider, at minimum, (i) any past trials of said individual for the heinous crime in question; (ii) the likelihood that the individual is guilty of the heinous crime; (iii) any state or public interests against or in favour of extending comity; and (iv) the nature of the relevant charges or conviction against the individual.
      
      
   2. The World Assembly Judiciary Committee may, with the consent of the reviewing member nation, supply judicial officials to participate in the tribunal or proceedings thereof.
   
   
3. Comity may be extended either through the resumption or commencement of judicial proceedings against the individual in question for the relevant heinous crime; or through the extradition of the individual in question to the member nation which has charged or convicted the individual in question for said heinous crime.
   
   
   1. No member nation or entity therein may wilfully obstruct the transportation of an individual between member nation jurisdictions for the purposes of such extradition.
      
      
   2. The enforcement of a judicial sentence shall be considered a form of judicial proceedings in this resolution.
   
   
4. The International Enforcement Commission, or IEC, is established. Where a member nation has elected to extend comity via extradition under Section 3, the IEC may supply armed defensive support, in the form of law enforcement officers and with the consent of the extraditing member nation, to facilitate the delivery of the extradited individual to the relevant member nation's jurisdiction. IEC officers acting per this mandate may use armed force only as necessary to ensure that the individual is safely delivered to the relevant member nation. The World Assembly shall reserve the power to, by resolution, expand the authority of the IEC to carry out additional law enforcement actions.

Votes For: 7 567 (59.1%)
Votes Against: 5 232 (40.9%)

Implemented Sun 4 Jun 2023

[GA 666 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

In-Ovo Sexing of Chicks
A resolution to restrict civil freedoms in the interest of moral decency.

Category: Moral Decency
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Simone Republic

Text: The World Assembly,

Noting that some member states in the multiverse engage in industrial farming of chicks, ducklings, goslings and other species for consumption of their eggs and/or meat (hereafter, collectively for convenience, "chicks" for all newborn and younger members of such species);

Concerned that in industrial farming, chicks of a particular sex are frequently culled after birth for economic reasons through techniques that may be considered inhumane, such as maceration, cervical dislocation and asphyxiation, and that alternatives such as raising male chicks for egg-laying breeds to full grown size may not be economical against breeds of bigger cocks specifically grown for meat;

Noting that recent advances in technologies regarding low-cost in-ovo sexing (the determination of the sex of chicks inside the egg prior to hatching) in some member states allow eggs that are not viable commercially to be destroyed before hatching, thus substantially reducing concerns over the welfare of chicks;

1. Hereby requires any member state that engages in industrial farming of chicks that has gained access to in-ovo sexing technologies, or other more advanced technologies that reduce animal suffering, to:
   
   
   1. start adopting such technologies as soon as reasonably practicable after it gains access; and
      
      
   2. to phase out the use of post-hatching chick culling techniques (including, but not limited to, maceration, cervical dislocation, asphyxiation and other less humane culling techniques), in favour of in-ovo sexing technologies, or other more advanced technologies, as soon as reasonably practicable;
2. Further, hereby encourages:
   
   
   1. Any member state that has in-ovo sexing technologies or other more advanced technologies to license or transfer such technologies to other member states lacking such technologies on reasonable commercial terms;
      
      
   2. Any member state that has not yet gained access to such technologies to acquire or license such technologies, as soon as reasonably practicable;
      
      
   3. Further research by member states into new technologies that improve animal welfare in industrial farming;
3. Hereby clarifies that this resolution does not affect any culling of chicks on the grounds of affecting public health and hygiene.

Votes For: 10 742 (76.1%)
Votes Against: 3 369 (23.9%)

Implemented Mon 12 Jun 2023

[GA 667 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Ending Domestic Abuse
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Legal Reform
Proposed by: Barfleur

Text: The World Assembly,

Applauding prior action taken by this body to combat sexual offenses, crimes against children, and domestic abuse,

Concerned about the potential for victims of domestic abuse to be prosecuted either as accomplices or under theories of failure to protect others, without regard for the particular nature of such abuse which makes failure to protect near-impossible,

Desiring to add teeth to existing orders of protection and to facilitate the issuance of new orders, and

Committed to protecting victims and survivors of domestic abuse from future retaliation by their abusers,

Hereby enacts as follows:

1. Requirements for criminal prosecution. A person may not be convicted of an offense of enabling, or failing to protect a child or other vulnerable person from, physical violence, sexual abuse, or neglect, if the defendant:
   
   1. reasonably believed their own life or safety to be in danger as a result of the same person or persons who engaged in the underlying conduct the failure to protect from which constitutes the instant offense;
   2. was under the influence of any mind-altering substance not voluntarily consumed, and was therefore incapable of effectively protecting such child or other vulnerable person;
   3. was not actually present in the same location, and did not have a reasonable opportunity to become present, at a time when the defendant had a reasonable opportunity to protect such child or other vulnerable person; or
   4. was not physically able, due to restraint or confinement, or due to bodily condition, to render meaningful aid to the degree required to purge criminal liability in the absence of this clause.
2. Applicability of section 1. Section 1 applies retroactively, without regard to the stage of the criminal proceedings at the time of enactment of this resolution. Any person convicted of an offense of failing to protect a child or other vulnerable person from physical violence, sexual abuse, or neglect, where the conviction is subject to appeal or has become final at the time of enactment of this resolution, may petition the court having jurisdiction of the offense to reopen the case, and the court shall grant such petition on a showing that:
   
   1. the defendant intends to raise any point described in section 1; and
   2. given the facts of the case and the evidence known to the court, such a defense has a colorable claim and a reasonable possibility of success on the merits.
3. Mitigation. Where a person is convicted of a violent or sexual offense against a person who, at the relevant time, was a child, lineal or lateral descendant, spouse, civil partner, legal ward, or cohabitant of the defendant, and such conviction relied on any theory of criminal liability involving a person other than the defendant, the court shall permit the defendant, before sentencing, to offer evidence that:
   
   1. the defendant engaged in the criminal conduct as a result of the actual or threatened actions of such other person; and
   2. such actions, if actually carried out, would be expected to be worse or of a more serious character than the offense for which the defendant has been convicted.
4. Protective orders. Where a person is convicted in a member nation of a violent or sexual offense against a person who, at the relevant time, was a child, lineal or lateral descendant, spouse, civil partner, legal ward, or cohabitant of the defendant, the court may, in addition to any punishment imposed by virtue of the conviction, issue an order imposing such restrictions on the defendant as it deems necessary to ensure the victim's protection from the defendant or from any person associated with the defendant. The court shall presumptively issue such an order, unless of the belief that doing so would be manifestly unnecessary in light of all the circumstances. Such order shall be for a term sufficient (but not greater than necessary) to prevent further abuse, and the beneficiary of such order shall have a legally-recognized interest in its enforcement. In the event that the underlying conviction is set aside, the order shall be quashed.
   
   
5. Housing and benefits for victims. The victim of a violent or sexual offense shall, if a cohabitant of the defendant, be provided with housing separate from and independent of the defendant on request. In any such case, the victim shall not be liable to the defendant or an agent of the defendant for any fee arising from early termination of a lease, or any similar penalty. And no such victim shall lose any government-granted benefit granted to or by virtue of the convicted abuser.

Votes For: 12 540 (91.0%)
Votes Against: 1 244 (9.0%)

Implemented Fri 16 Jun 2023

[GA 668 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Museums of Musical Heritage"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #86
Proposed by: The serendipitous

Description: General Assembly Resolution #86 "Museums of Musical Heritage" (Category: Education and Creativity, Area of Effect: Cultural Heritage) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Whereas the efforts to catalog music of local, national, and international importance set out by General Assembly Resolution #86, "Museums of Musical Heritage", have now been in place for over a decade,

And whereas the target has no binding clauses, only suggesting that nations and entities within nations contribute music,

And whereas having no mandates makes the resolution toothless, as any entity trying to destroy culture by prohibiting music can simply not allow the donation of relevant materials,

And whereas the resolution fails to properly address access to the musical museums themselves, instead suggesting the dissemination of the database, which falls short in the preservation of these heritage artifacts, which may still be readily withheld from public knowledge,

And whereas the manner in which the resolution attempts to accomplish its goals is largely inefficient, with the creation of two bureaucratic entities in order to accomplish its goals, wasting the precious resources this assembly has on a process that is largely unnecessary in order to truly preserve musical heritage, and that this inefficiency prevents further funding into other subject areas, including fundamental human rights and safety mandates,

And whereas any resolution that simultaneously does not accomplish its goals and prevents the World Assembly from achieving its more pertinent tasks does not deserve to stay on the books,

Therefore, be it resolved by the World Assembly that General Assembly Resolution #86, "Museums of Musical Heritage", is repealed.

Votes For: 10 969 (78.5%)
Votes Against: 3 007 (21.5%)

Implemented Tue 20 Jun 2023

[GA 669 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]