Passed General Assembly Resolutions

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Prohibit Private Prisons"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #468
Proposed by: Marxist Germany

Description: General Assembly Resolution #468 "Prohibit Private Prisons" (Category: Social Justice, Area of Effect: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Applauding the efforts of this assembly to improve the standards and conditions of incarceration by prohibiting private prisons in the aforementioned resolution;

Quoting clause 2 which states "Further defines a "private prison" as a prison that is entirely owned and operated or primarily owned and operated by a nongovernmental corporation, a private individual, or any other private actor or actors";

Noting that the aforementioned clause states that a prison can only be considered private if it is wholly or primarily owned by a private proprietor;

Recognising that this therefore means governments can exploit this loophole through purchasing 51% of a private prison to avoid the ban;

Further Noting that a government can own a prison and lease it to a private proprietor as the resolution does not prohibit this;

Further Quoting clause 3 which states "Requires all member states and their political subdivisions, within two calendar years of this resolution's passage and in perpetuity thereafter, to discontinue their use of private prisons for the incarceration of individuals convicted of crimes and serving criminal sentences";

Observing that the aforementioned clause does not ban private prisons in member states but instead, allows them to operate as long as they receive criminals convicted in foreign non-member countries;

Discerning that member states can arrest individuals and place them in private prisons whilst they await their trial due to the aforementioned clause stating "discontinue their use of private prisons for the incarceration of individuals convicted of crimes and serving criminal sentences";

Concerned that the resolution does not prohibit private prisons in member states but only bars member states from incarcerating their own convicts in them;

Believing that this resolution ought to be repealed and replaced by a resolution that regulates private prisons, or prohibits them properly;

Hereby,

Repeals GA#468 "Prohibit Private Prisons".

Votes For: 10 599 (76.0%)
Votes Against: 3 354 (24.0%)

Implemented Fri Sep 27 2019

[GA 470 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Preventing Desertification"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #432
Proposed by: Concrete Slab

Description: General Assembly Resolution #432 "Preventing Desertification" (Category: Environmental, Industry Affected: Agriculture) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The General Assembly,

Acknowledging the dangers desertification poses to member nations,

Applauding the resolution in its attempt to slow the spread of desertification,

Worried that the framework of the resolution only states “removal of vegetation” as a major cause of desertification, not referencing other factors such as climate change, urbanization, and harmful agricultural practices,

Further worried that the resolution does not provide a specific definition for “desertification”, possibly allowing for nations to dodge parts of the resolution by allowing desertification to spread while not citing it as such, leading to further environmental harm,

Acknowledging that, while it is important for member nations to determine their own policies and regulations in preventing desertification, the overall vagueness of the resolution will allow nations to take advantage of the resolution, doing little to stop this process while citing their effort as beneficial,

Noting that Clause 1 is extremely vague in its usage of “reasonable precautions” and ”reasonable regulations”, not specifying what a level of excessive vegetation removal is and allowing member nations to interpret this however they want,

Observing that Clauses 2 and 3 both “encourage” nations to educate workers and take part in reforestation, allowing nations to ignore the clauses if they so choose, posing the risk of uneducated workers harming the environment further rather than aiding it,

Alarmed that Clause 4 is nebulous in the role the WAEC carries in its overseeing of efforts against deforestation, not elaborating on its jurisdiction or role, allowing member nations to dodge regulations and punishment through individual interpretation,

Seeing that subpoint A of of Clause 4 does not specify the extent of effort that is “feasible” or what is “not harmful” regarding efforts of preventing desertification, again allowing nations to employ minimal impact tactics as long as they interpret it as “feasible”,

Further surveying the subpoint’s generalization of each nation’s political structure could have an extremely negative impact on each specific nation’s role in combating desertification within its borders.

Worried that subpoints B and C of Clause 4 are both vague and generalized, not taking into account differing strategies for facilitating reforestation and preventing overgrazing in the different environments of each nation, allowing for member nations to continue deforestation and overgrazing through the ambiguity of the subpoints,

Concerned subpoint D of Clause 4 is also generalized, not referencing the specific water needs of each member nation based on its spread of desertification.

Confused on why subpoint E of Clause 4 does not specify what “records” are to be kept on areas affected by deforestation, such as water levels and area of land lost to desertification each year,

Viewing the extreme vagueness of the resolution has allowed for the exploitation of numerous loopholes,

Hoping the repeal of this resolution will result in the drafting of new legislation much more equipped to combat the disastrous effects of desertification,

Hereby Repeals GA#432 “Preventing Desertification.”

Votes For: 11 639 (86.6%)
Votes Against: 1 797 (13.4%)

Implemented Fri Oct 4 2019

[GA 471 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Ban on Sterilisation of Minors etc [Struck out by GA 516]
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Imperium Anglorum

Description: Whereas the sterilisation of minors or incompetent persons is not prohibited by the legislation of this most excellent Assembly :

And whereas it would be most safe to entrust the authority to make such a determination to independent medical authorities :

Be it enacted by the World Assembly, by and with the advice and consent of the Delegates and Members, in this present session assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows :

1. It is unlawful in all member nations to sterilise, in any way, a person below the age of majority or any incompetent person, without the approval of an independent Institutional Review Board, which has certified after review, the necessity of sterilisation for the long-term health of that person.

2. The WACC may make regulations to clarify upon and enforce this resolution.

Votes For: 10 312 (76.7%)
Votes Against: 3 139 (23.3%)

Implemented Mon Oct 21 2019

[GA 472 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Responsible Land Management
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: Agriculture
Proposed by: Refuge Isle

Description: Understanding, although desertification and erosion have taken place for eons beyond remembrance, where the activities of sapient beings exacerbate those processes or cause the expansion of drylands to take place where they otherwise would not, far reaching negative consequences can result.

Outlining the source of artificially caused desertification to include over-grazing, deforestation, the over-exploitation of soils from farming, and the loss of sufficient moisture in soils to prevent wind erosion after tillage or the removal of vegetation,

Highlighting the effects of artificial desertification to include the destabilisation of the local biosphere, diminished habitability and food production in the affected areas, as well as climate changes in the larger scope of the region when water cannot be dispersed into the atmosphere through transpiration from plants,

This General Assembly, in seeking to avoid such environmental repercussions, hereby:

1. Establishes the Environmental Survey of the World Assembly (ESWA) as a research and advisory department within the World Assembly Scientific Programme, employing an appropriate number of scientists and support staff, and paid for by the WA general fund with no external sources for financial contribution permitted;

2. Instructs the ESWA to:

1. Conduct ground, water, and atmospheric surveys of member nations' territories, as well as accessible international areas in order to collect data on their environmental situations.
   
   
2. Keep and publish records of survey findings, develop estimations to the cause of any changes in a survey area over time, and create predictions of future trends.
   
   
3. Alert member nations to at-risk areas of environmental degradation caused by their sapient inhabitants and issue recommendations for appropriate countermeasures.
   
   
4. Identify areas in member nations’ territories as candidates for reforestation, land reclamation, and rehabilitation, where environmental degradation has been artificially made.
   
   
5. Allow volunteer scientists with relevant expertise to assist with ESWA research under supervision.

3. Instructs member nations to develop and implement curricula as a comprehensive component of existing education in geological sciences for their nation’s youth in order to understand the causes, consequences, and solutions for artificial desertification;

4. Requires member nations to prohibit over-grazing and, instead, employ sustainable, targeted grazing practices, defined as the rotation of livestock between pastures with fallowing periods sufficient to allow plants to recover, unless the livestock is being used to maintain a controlled conservation area for the purposes of improving biodiversity, or unless the livestock is temporarily used to fertilise and prepare farmland;

5. Orders member nations to install or plant windbreaks around farm fields in areas designated by the ESWA to be “at-risk” of wind erosion, in sufficient intervals to be effective;

6. Requires member nations develop and implement legislation prohibiting the excessive removal or destruction of vegetation, defined as such removal or destruction resulting in exposed, unprotected soils creating a threat of artificial desertification or contributing to existing desertification in the local area;

7. Mandates that member nations implement water control measures on their landscapes made artificially vulnerable to ecologically damaging levels of water erosion, with such measures able to channel surface runoff into swales, contour trenches, or other systems that preserve water, soil, and vegetation fertility;

8. Recommends that member nations work in harmony to develop and contribute to reforestation projects in areas identified by the ESWA to be targets for rehabilitation.

Votes For: 11 351 (76.9%)
Votes Against: 3 409 (23.1%)

Implemented Fri Oct 25 2019

[GA 473 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Financial and Economic Education
A resolution to promote funding and the development of education and the arts.

Category: Education and Creativity
Area of Effect: Educational
Proposed by: Imperium Anglorum

Description: The World Assembly,

Recognising its past actions in GA 80 "A Promotion of Basic Education" which establishes a requirement for member nations to give their citizens knowledge or awareness "of financial mathematics and concepts, currency and economics that is appropriate to the economy of their nation" and

Convinced that simply being aware of the existence of taxation and financial investments, as well as sources wherein one can find more information on those topics, is insufficient, hereby:

1. Defines "personal finance products" to mean products and services which an average inhabitant of a member nation could reasonably be expected to encounter in adult life which includes, in those nations where that is the case, but is not limited to, products or services which:

1. extend credit, service loans,
2. lease or purchase personal property,
3. engage in deposit-taking or investment activities,
4. provide payments and transaction services, including cheque or bill of exchange liquidation services,
5. analyse and disseminate customer report information for the purposes of evaluating creditworthiness,
6. collect against obligations made by any product mentioned in this section, and
7. all other products which that member nation defines as a personal finance product for the purposes of this resolution;

2. Requires member nations to truthfully educate all of their inhabitants on core personal finance topics, which shall include but is not limited to:

1. setting and managing a personal budget,
2. protection of their identity against possible identity theft,
3. the method and means of filing tax forms which those inhabitants can reasonably be expected to file,
4. management of personal savings or long-term investment accounts based on the best available evidence,
5. the means of establishing and evaluating personal finance products,
6. the existence and benefits of available preferential governmental schemes for certain purposes;

3. Further requires member nations to truthfully educate all of their inhabitants on general economic topics, which shall include but is not limited to:

1. the means of production in their society,
2. issues associated with those means of production,
3. their nation's fiscal state and determinants thereof,
4. the determinants of economic growth,
5. the causes and policy responses to economic downturns,
6. financial intermediation, rent-seeking behaviours,
7. public goods, collective action problems, and inflation.

Votes For: 11 435 (84.0%)
Votes Against: 2 185 (16.0%)

Implemented Tue Oct 29 2019

[GA 474 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Promoting Natural Sciences in Schools
A resolution to promote funding and the development of education and the arts.

Category: Education and Creativity
Area of Effect: Educational
Proposed by: Kenmoria

Description: The General Assembly,

Aware that all children deserve a balanced and varied education covering different disciplines, in order to gain a wide breadth of knowledge,

Highlighting the sciences as subjects crucial to the development of informed thinking and worldviews, due to being the area of education that concerns the natural world of member nations’ children,

Understanding how an education in science enables a child to pursue far more careers than they would be able to otherwise, as a direct result of the universality of the skills gained by studying the sciences;

Acknowledging the lack of currently-active, comprehensive legislation on the topic of allowing the children of member nations to freely learn about this vital area, and

Wishing to promote a scientific education in all member states, whilst remaining mindful of differing traditions and religions,

Hereby,

1. Defines the following, for the purposes of this resolution:

1. a ‘school’ is an institute of education for minors, excluding both those that specialise in a particular subject and are in addition to standard education, for example performing arts schools, and those that are for minors of a very young age; and
   
   
2. the ‘natural sciences’ are those subjects consisting of information gained from empirical evidence or logical deductions about natural phenomena, such as biology, geology, chemistry or physics;

2. Mandates that all schools under the jurisdiction of member states must either offer classes in multiple branches of the natural sciences, or a series of general classes in science as a whole, to its students, and that these classes must be of a non-trivial length of time, and contain relevant educational content;

3. Further mandates that any adults within member nations that are undergoing education of a very similar nature to that of schools, either due to receiving poor results upon completion of standard education or due to never having been taught basic subjects, must also be offered science in fulfilment with the principles of clause 2;

4. Encourages member nations to make these science classes mandatory for students to learn at early levels of education;

5. Prohibits any school within a member nation from deliberately disseminating false information in science classes, excluding abstractions or simplifications which aid learning;

6. Clarifies that subjects other than science are not covered by this resolution, and emphasises specifically that religious education may cover whatever beliefs are chosen by the schools or member states;

7. Requires that all member nations fund the science classes mandated by this resolution to a degree that enables appropriate learning opportunities, unless the school is of a private nature, in which case funding is urged but not mandated; and

8. Authorises the World Assembly General Fund to provide money to member states’ governments if they are genuinely unable to fully fund science classes, while still fulfilling the basic obligations of state, in accordance with the above clause, with the condition that member nations must still provide the highest degree of funding they are reasonably able to, and that requests must be logged and frivolous or unnecessary requests of funding denied.

Votes For: 13 316 (91.4%)
Votes Against: 1 246 (8.6%)

Implemented Sun Nov 3 2019

[GA 475 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Protecting Borrower Rights
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: Imperium Anglorum

Description: The World Assembly,

Believing that the Assembly has a vested interest in protecting the liberty of those individuals who did nothing wrong but fall hopelessly into debt,

Observing that debtors' prisons, debt bondage, and associated punishments are generally punitive against honest but unlucky debtors, serving little more than detaining and punishing the poor,

Seeing that some persons in member nations are incarcerated merely for failing to repay debt obligations undertaken, and believing that this:

1. both reduces the ability for that person to earn income to repay such obligations and does little to induce repayment,
2. creates significant disincentives for entrepreneurs to take risks and invest in new business opportunities, and
3. leads to borrowers moving away from formal borrowing institutions, which can be subject to the protections of the formal legal system, and into the pockets of loansharks to escape the possibility of imprisonment, and

Concerned about policies which disproportionately impact the poor simply because they are poor, hereby, subject to past and future World Assembly resolutions:

1. Defines 'debt' as a non-contingent private obligation to render a sum or sums of money to another person under contract; defines a person with debt as a 'borrower';
   
   
2. Prohibits member nations from criminalising, or taking into consideration for purposes of sentencing, the state of being a borrower; forbids member nations from imposing any punishment against borrowers or classes of borrowers by enacting legislation or mass judgement via bill of attainder or similar instruments; frees immediately all persons currently incarcerated and expunges the sentences of all persons currently serving punishment for such reason;
   
   
3. Prohibits the holding of any person to labour for the repayment, origination, or discharge of any debt; frees immediately all persons so held; further prohibits member nations from allowing the inheritance of debts incurred after the passage of this resolution, unless (a) those debts are explicitly incurred with such a provision and (b) such a provision is not prohibited under national or international law;
   
   
4. Provides to any person, natural or juridicial, an effective remedy against creditors wherein they can discharge or renegotiate all debts incurred, contingent on the liquidation of their assets or development of a credible and suitable plan of payment to those creditors; requires member nation courts to waive court fees from non-vexatious litigants who would suffer undue hardship from being required to pay them;
   
   
5. Bars member nations from invoking a person's debts, financial obligations arising from previous state of captivity, fines, or fees as reason to deprive that person of the right to vote in any election, referendum, or plebiscite in which they would otherwise be eligible;
   
   
6. Clarifies that this resolution does not prohibit member nation court systems from, with a court order, garnishing wages for repayment of debts or imprisoning persons for contempt of a court order, so long as such judgements are only for coercive and non-punitive purposes; and further clarifies that, for the purposes of this resolution, tax liabilities are not included in any definition of debt or financial obligation.

Votes For: 11 637 (79.4%)
Votes Against: 3 020 (20.6%)

Implemented Thu Nov 7 2019

[GA 476 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Convention on Animal Testing [Struck out by GA 479]
A resolution to modify universal standards of healthcare.

Category: Health
Area of Effect: Bioethics
Proposed by: Marxist Germany

Description: The World Assembly,

Concerned by the lack of legislation regarding the treatment of testing animals,

Recognising that animals deserve to be properly treated during and after testing,

Noting that mistreatment of animal test subjects may lead to severe distress for the animal and inaccurate research results, and

Seeking to establish regulations on the treatment of animal test subjects,

Hereby,

1. Defines, for the purposes of this resolution:
   1. A "research facility" as any facility, private or public, which engages in animal testing for any scientific purpose, including consumer safety and weapons testing;
   2. A "test animal" as a sentient but not sapient animal in the custody of any research facility for scientific purposes;
   3. "Ethical testing", and all derived terms, as testing carried out on an animal in a way that is not maliciously intended to cause severe distress or harm to the animal;
2. Establishes the World Assembly Board of Bioethics (WABB), which will be tasked with the following:
   1. Overseeing scientific experimentation in member states to ensure animal testing is being carried out ethically and in accordance with all relevant WA law;
   2. Reporting instances of noncompliance with the ethical requirements mandated in this resolution to the local authorities for penalisation;
3. Dictates that member states must reasonably and proportionally penalise research labs upon receiving a report about unethical testing from the WABB;
   
   
4. Mandates that all research facilities in member states that carry out testing on animals:
   1. Report all procedures carried out on animals, and euthanisations in their custody to the WABB;
   2. Carry out solely ethical testing, as defined in section 1c;
5. Requires that when a research facility is finished using an animal in its experiments:
   1. The animal is returned to the wild if it was captured from the wild, has a good chance of being returned to its natural habitat successfully, and if it poses no risk to the environment it is being released into, such as carrying diseases; or;
   2. The animal is given to a legal entity capable of taking care of it for the rest of its lifespan; if:
      1. it is expected to live for over a year after its adoption,
      2. it is healthy, not sick, and of good disposition, and,
      3. it is unable to survive without help, or is of a species commonly kept as pet or livestock;
   3. If the animal is unable to be adopted or released into the wild then it may be humanely euthanised;
6. Clarifies that an animal can still be adopted even if it is unable to live for over a year, and;
   
   
7. Prohibits the intentional killing of a test animal in a cruel manner, in addition to forbidding the killing of a former test animal before the viability of its adoption or release into the wild has been examined, and it has been found unsuitable for both.

Co-authored by United States of Americanas

Votes For: 7 621 (51.0%)
Votes Against: 7 310 (49.0%)

Implemented Tue Nov 19 2019

[GA 477 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Ensuring Commercial Vessel Navigation
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Transportation
Proposed by: Terttia

Description: The World Assembly,

Realizing the dangers of sea travel in the absence of proper navigational tools and techniques,

Hoping to improve international safety standards on sea travel,

Hereby,

1. Defines

1. "nautical routes" as routes allocated for commercial vessels to travel through a given area of sea,
   
   
2. "nautical charts" as maps that show the shape of the shoreline, the underwater topography, tidal changes in water depth, nautical routes, major currents and specific localized dangers to sea travel,
   
   
3. "nautical instrumentation" on a commercial vessel to include
   
   
   1. some way to determine one's coordinates and direction of travel,
      
      
   2. some way to determine the local status of tide, and
      
      
   3. some way to communicate with other vessels and nearest authorities
   
   
4. ”commercial vessels” as non-military vessels that transport cargo and/or passengers for hire;

2. Mandates that member states

1. create and frequently update nautical charts of their territorial waters and exclusive economic zone,
   
   
2. share their nautical charts with commercial vessels that have the right to enter these areas;

3. Requires that all commercial vessels registered in a member nation carry and utilize up-to-date nautical charts and nautical instrumentation;

4. Mandates that all crews of commercial vessels registered in a member nation

1. acquire the necessary nautical charts before leaving port,
   
   
2. have their planned route pre-approved by the member states whose waters they will be traversing,
   
   
3. when feasible, stay on nautical routes,
   
   
4. obey the local authorities when it comes to additional temporary regulations applied to all commercial vessels in that area,
   
   
5. communicate with the nearest authorities and other vessels, if they must for one reason or another depart from their pre-approved traveling plans, and
   
   
6. carry nautical charts for the areas they intend to pass through.

Co-authored by Araraukar

Votes For: 11 876 (85.2%)
Votes Against: 2 056 (14.8%)

Implemented Tue Dec 24 2019

[GA 478 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Convention on Animal Testing"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #477
Proposed by: Concrete Slab

Description: General Assembly Resolution #477 "Convention on Animal Testing" (Category: Health, Area of Effect: Bioethics) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: This august World Assembly,

Believing that GAR #477, “Convention on Animal Testing,” is well-meaning in its attempt to place ethical restrictions on the use of animal test subjects,

Noting, however, that the definition of “ethical testing” in Clause 1, Section C, limits the scope of the resolution to preventing testing that is maliciously intended to cause harm or distress to animals,

Realizing that it is difficult and laborious to prove whether an individual intended to maliciously harm a test animal or if the harm was caused by negligence or carelessness,

Further realizing that an administrator of a facility could order an employee to carry out a procedure that causes more harm to the animal than necessary, leading to the employee causing harm while not maliciously intending to, making conviction impossible because the administrator has the malicious intent while the employee actual carries out the procedure,

Convinced that the World Assembly Board of Bioethics is almost useless, as its main purpose is to report instances of noncompliance by member nations through the resolution’s definition of “ethical testing,” which member nations can easily dodge by taking advantage of the resolution's narrow scope,

Further convinced that the definition of “ethical testing” allows for animals to experience significant distress and harm as long as tests are not done in a malicious manner or that the harm and distress during the tests is “moderate,”

Noting that the division between “severe” distress or harm and moderate distress or harm is not made objectively measurable in any way at all in the target resolution, allowing member nations to set an arbitrary and undesirably high threshold for severity,

Believing that Clause 3 is rendered null, as, given the resolution’s definition of “ethical testing”, the WABB is unable to create reports of unethical testing; it is impossible to prove a researcher’s or facility’s intent,

Horrified that Clause 4 Section A’s ambiguity in using the term “procedures” allows for testing facilities to adopt the definition of said term that is most favourable to them and thus avoid reporting crucial matters, including instances of abuse of test animals,

Worried that Clause 5 does not provide a time frame for when a research facility is “finished” with a test animal, allowing nations to keep abusing animals by claiming their negligence through the vagueness of “ethical testing,”

Further worried that Clause 7 is rendered almost useless, as test animals can be killed in a non-cruel manner before reaching “former test animal” status, as killing test animals is only prohibited after experiments on them are concluded,

Anxious that, in addition to this, Clause 7 even gives research facilities the incentive to find a way to kill no longer needed test animals within the course of animal testing, so as to avoid having to support them and attempt to adopt them out,

Concluding that the clear potential for evading the requirements apparently imposed by the target resolution render it ineffective,

Hoping that the repeal of GAR #477 will lead to an effective replacement being passed in its place,

Hereby repeals GAR #477 “Convention On Animal Testing.”

Co-authored by Maowi.

Votes For: 11 532 (90.6%)
Votes Against: 1 193 (9.4%)

Implemented Wed Jan 1 2020

[GA 479 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Wartime Healthcare Protections
A resolution to slash worldwide military spending.

Category: Global Disarmament
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Maowi

Description: The World Assembly,

Acknowledging previously passed basic protections for medical facilities inside areas of conflict;

Believing that these protections are not sufficiently comprehensive;

Appalled by the thought of attacking people in need of or providing medical care;

Seeking to ensure that such people are safeguarded against unnecessary violence even during a war;

Approving of similar measures already protecting civilians stipulated in GAR #317;

Hereby,

1. Defines, for the purposes of this resolution,

1. a non-civilian as someone in the employment of a nation's military forces,
   
2. a patient as a non-civilian suffering from a medical ailment requiring the attention of medical professionals,
   
3. medical personnel as those who provide medical treatment or triage, who are either unarmed or bear light arms exclusively for protection of themselves and patients currently under their care, and
   
4. a medical facility as a site used for medical treatment or triage, and the associated infrastructure, which bears clearly visible markings indicating its status as such;

2. Makes it a war crime to attack a medical facility, while knowing of its existence, in a manner that is damaging and has the potential to cause fatalities, except where the medical facility is also used for military acts of war;

3. Forbids member nations' military forces from:

1. using violence against non-civilian medical personnel providing medical treatment or triage in a medical facility, or against patients being provided with medical treatment or triage in a medical facility, or
   
2. 1. preventing a patient from accessing a medical facility,
      
   2. removing a patient from a medical facility, or
      
   3. preventing medical personnel from treating a patient in a medical facility,
   where inability to receive medical treatment or triage would endanger the patient's life, unless doing so is necessary for preservation of the patient's long-term health; and

4. Forbids the calculated use of medical personnel or patients as living shields to protect a strategic military target.

Co-authored by Araraukar.

Votes For: 9 966 (74.9%)
Votes Against: 3 340 (25.1%)

Implemented Sun Jan 5 2020

[GA 480 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Data Protection Accord
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Consumer Protection
Proposed by: Marxist Germany

Description: The World Assembly,

Lauding the efforts of this assembly to protect privacy rights through previous legislation such as GA #213 Privacy Protection Act,

Recognising every individual's right to reasonable privacy,

Believing that collecting essential data without consent is a violation of the right to privacy,

Noting that most minors are not fully capable of comprehending the risks associated with decisions made on matters of privacy,

Hereby,

1. Defines the following for the purpose of this resolution:
   1. An "organisation" as an entity that collects data from its users, and and is not run by the government of the nation which the individual whose data the entity collects is from;
   2. A "minor" as a person under the age of majority not going through a transitional period into adulthood, as determined by the home member-state of the minor;
   3. A "guardian" as an individual legally responsible for the protection and care of a minor;
   4. "personal data" as data that can be used to identify an individual;
   5. A "user" an individual who is not a minor; who uses or has used the services of, or is a member or has been a member of, an organisation;
2. Prohibits:
   1. Organisations from collecting or storing the personal data of any minor without the explicit consent of their guardian except when the guardian cannot be contacted and it is not in the best interests of the minor to do so, such as cases of child abuse, or unless the business is unable to verify the age of the user;
   2. Organisations from collecting or storing personal data of any non-minor individual without their explicit consent except for crime prevention, such as CCTV cameras, unless the individual cannot consent and the personal data is required for an emergency, or unless the data is used exclusively for journalistic purposes;
   3. Organisations from using personal data collected from any individual to intentionally and maliciously cause harm or severe distress to the individual the data belongs to;
   4. Governments of member states from viewing the personal data of a minor, or user without explicit prior consent from both the organisation in possession of the personal data and the guardian of the minor, or user to which the data belongs, unless the user has consented to their personal data being shared with authorities as necessary, as a condition to use the services of the organisation and the personal data collected was for crime prevention, or a judicial order has been issued;
3. Mandates that organisatons:
   1. Provide fully detailed information on how they will use or share a user or minor's personal data to the user or their guardian explicitly when they interact with the organisation for this first time and when a major change to the data collection or usage policy has been made, except when the organisation has no means of communicating with the user or guardian;
   2. Enable individuals to view the personal data that the organisation holds on them unless the release of the personal data would compromise the privacy or well-being of others;
   3. Remove personal data from their database if the personal data is no longer relevant to the services used by the user or minor, or if the user or minor ceases to use the services of or ceases to be a member of the organisation, unless the user, or the minor's guardian, consents to that explicitly and clearly, or unless there is a clear and compelling safety or disciplinary reason to do otherwise such as loans, transactions, or disciplinary records;
   4. Allow users or guardians to request the removal of their personal data, or their minors' personal data, and act upon these requests, unless it falls under an exception mentioned in clause 3c above;
   5. Remove personal data of a user or minor if the organisation is aware of the user or minor's death, subject to exceptions in clause 3c;
   6. Allow users or guardians to request that data stored on them or their minor by the organisation be edited, and act upon these requests, if the data stored is incorrect;
   7. Take reasonable measures to ensure the personal data being stored by the organisation is not accessed by unauthorised persons, such as persons not working in the organisation or persons inside the organisation but are unauthorised to access the data;
   8. Take reasonable measures to ensure the transfer of personal data to another organisation under a user's, or guardian's request is performed in a reasonable time frame, subject to national legislation;
4. Declares that an organisation can prohibit an individual from using the services of or joining the organisation if the individual or their guardian does not consent to the personal data collection policy of the organisation, or if the individual provides falsified personal data.

Co-authored by Kenmoria

Votes For: 11 297 (79.7%)
Votes Against: 2 875 (20.3%)

Implemented Tue Jan 14 2020

[GA 481 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Ensuring Safe Syringe Use [Struck out by GA 488]
A resolution to modify universal standards of healthcare.

Category: Health
Area of Effect: Healthcare
Proposed by: Sylvai

Description: The World Assembly,

Concerned with the high likelihood of transmitting communicable disease through the reuse of inadequately sterilized syringes;

Aware that higher disease transmission rates in any nation place the international community at risk of an outbreak, especially when they result from unsafe treatment;

Acknowledging that previous healthcare legislation has neglected to address the incredible importance of safe syringe use;

Hereby,

1. Directs the Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response Center to develop international standards to
   
   1. utilize new, sterile syringes in place of used syringes when possible OR
   2. adequately disinfect used syringes for reuse;
   3. safely discard syringes that are no longer safe to reuse;
   4. determine when a syringe is no longer safe to use and therefore must be discarded;
2. Mandates that all healthcare organizations and medical personnel follow these international standards or utilize new, sterile syringes when treating or preventing disease with the use of syringes;
   
   
3. Charges healthcare organizations with training any medical personnel who treat disease on proper syringe usage and disposal in accordance with this resolution and retrain them should EPARC substantively change the noted international standards.

Votes For: 13 592 (86.9%)
Votes Against: 2 041 (13.1%)

Implemented Fri Jan 24 2020

[GA 482 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Promotion of Recycling [Struck out by GA 507]
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: All Businesses - Mild
Proposed by: Greifenburg

Description: The World Assembly,

Recognizing that improved manufacturing processes often lead to an increased waste production due to cheaper products indirectly promoting a use and throwaway culture;

Understanding that technological limitations and economical concerns can lead to reservations regarding waste reduction programs;

Troubled, however, that many waste products contain materials that require significant amounts of time to decompose or are of toxic nature;

Concerned that unregulated accumulation of refuse inevitably leads to negative environmental effects due to contamination of water, air and soil and thus poses a danger for sapient species, animals and ecosystems;

Further concerned that uncontrolled increases of waste squanders valuable, rare and energy-intensive resources;

Thus believing that a reduction of waste would benefit all nations and their inhabitants;

Hereby,

1. Defines for the purpose of this resolution:


a) "Recyclable waste material" as a waste material, item or object that can be reprocessed into materials fit for manufacturing;

b) "Recycling" as a process in which a recyclable waste material is converted into a state that is reusable for production;

c) "Salvageable object" as a complex waste product that can, due to disassembly, yield recyclable materials;

d) "Salvaging" as a process in which a salvageable object is disassambled into recyclable waste materials;

2. Mandates:


a) the introduction of recycling and salvaging as a means of waste reduction in all member nations in accordance to their technological and economical capabilities, unless such is already introduced and active;

b) the implementation of an easily accessible system for the collection of recyclable materials and salvageable objects in said nations, unless such is already in place;

3. Requires its member nations to encourage participation in recycling and salvaging, and the usage of through recycling recovered materials with the means of legislation, incentives or penalization;

4. Clarifies that this resolution does neither prevent nor discrourage the implementation of other waste reduction methods before or after recycling takes place.

5. Encourages its member nations to support the research of new recycling and waste reduction techniques to further reduce waste production.

Votes For: 12 338 (78.7%)
Votes Against: 3 334 (21.3%)

Implemented Fri Feb 28 2020

[GA 483 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Disease Naming Compact [Struck out by GA 485]
A resolution to modify universal standards of healthcare.

Category: Health
Area of Effect: Bioethics
Proposed by: Tinhampton

Description: Noting that both novel and recurring communicable diseases affect a diverse array of species in many member states, and that names for these diseases (as well as their vectors) can offer consistency and clarity whenever used,

Dismayed that there is no international consensus on the naming of novel communicable diseases, in particular those which could cross borders, and thus no single reference point for them; so imperiling the safety of those infected and the sanity of doctors who have to slug through pages of bureaucracy simply to find out what is to be treated, and

Committing to confidently cut down the currently cumbersome, copious compilations of confusing classifications which can crop up continually in the catalogue of communicable conditions...

The General Assembly hereby:

1. creates, within the Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response Center (EPARC) of the World Health Authority, an Agency for the Branding of Communicable Diseases (ABCD),
2. tasks ABCD with proposing in short order to EPARC's Medical Ethics Board names for those communicable diseases with no suitable name in common use, which have not previously been detected in sapient species and are likely to lead EPARC to confirm an international outbreak; and publicising those names once speedily confirmed by that Board to be appropriately informative,
3. requires member states and healthcare organisations to use ABCD-publicised names for particular diseases when communicating about them to the public (but encourages other entities to use such names as intended); and to refrain from funding internal attempts to name such diseases where ABCD can do so efficiently, speedily, and on an international scale, and
4. clarifies that this resolution does not affect the naming or taxonomy (such as binomial nomenclature) of disease vectors.

Votes For: 8 493 (54.1%)
Votes Against: 7 204 (45.9%)

Implemented Mon Mar 16 2020

[GA 484 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Disease Naming Compact"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #484
Proposed by: Gorundu

Description: General Assembly Resolution #484 "Disease Naming Compact" (Category: Health, Area of Effect: Bioethics) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Understanding the intention of the resolution to create an international standard for naming novel diseases,

Skeptical, however, of the resolution's premise that "there is no international consensus on the naming of novel communicable diseases" and that it would "[imperil] the safety of those infected and the sanity of doctors",

Asserting that it is very likely, in the scenario of a novel disease being discovered, that an unofficial international consensus would be formed on its naming due to the need for clear communications between governments,

Noting that even if there is no international consensus on the name of a disease, it is unlikely that doctors would have to "slug through pages of bureaucracy simply to find out what is to be treated", as foreign names of diseases would be public knowledge in its country of origin and thus easily identifiable,

Finding it ironic that the resolution proposed to solve the supposed problem of bureaucracy by establishing a worldwide bureaucracy,

Recognising that it would be extremely difficult to create a name that is "appropriately informative" for all member states, as languages and writing systems vary widely and many words may not have suitable translations in other languages,

Concerned that the requirement on member states to "refrain from funding internal attempts to name such diseases" may inadvertently restrict support for necessary research, such as work that involves identifying and categorizing disease-causing viruses or organisms, or that seeks to improve public health communication

Concluding that this level of micro-management is unnecessary for the World Assembly,

Hoping for future efforts to promote international cooperation on vital matters that necessitate coordinated government action, rather than micro-managing member states or imposing top-down policies on issues best addressed independently by the medical and scientific community.

Hereby repeals GA#484 "Disease Naming Compact".

Co-authored by Kelssek

Votes For: 12 939 (86.6%)
Votes Against: 2 006 (13.4%)

Implemented Sun Mar 29 2020

[GA 485 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Prevention of Forced Sterilisation
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Maowi

Description: The World Assembly,

Appalled at the unnecessary cruelty inherent in sterilising an individual against their will;

Shocked that forced sterilisation takes place nonetheless within the jurisdiction of several member nations;

Adamant that forced sterilisation as a punishment for sexual offenders is both purposeless and immoral, given the severe and long-term depression and anxiety it often causes;

Similarly determined that, in addition to its inherent cruelty, forced sterilisation used for the reduction of population sizes of minorities or the disabled is a dangerous tool in the hands of despotic regimes that can lead to devastating consequences for the groups they target;

Resolving to abolish this abominable practice;

Hereby,

1. Defines, for the purposes of this resolution, "reproductive ability" as the ability to reproduce naturally without extensive medical intervention and "sterilisation" as the removal of an individual's reproductive ability;
   
   
2. Prohibits the sterilisation of any individual without their informed consent given free from external material incentives, subject to previous extant World Assembly legislation;
   
   
3. Requires that member nations:
   
   
   1. carry out thorough and regular investigations into all sterilisation services within their jurisdiction to detect any instances of illegal sterilisation;
      
      
   2. reasonably punish individuals responsible for any sterilisation illegal at the time of its occurrence under World Assembly law;
4. Tasks the WACC with overseeeing Institutional Review Board decisions to ensure that sterilisations of minors or other non-legally competent peope are approved if and only if the necessity of sterilisation for the long-term health of that person has been certified;
   
   
5. Urges member nations to offer and, where accepted, provide financial reparations or psychological therapy to victims of forced sterilisation.

Co-authored by Marxist Germany and Imperium Anglorum

Votes For: 20 764 (87.4%)
Votes Against: 2 989 (12.6%)

Implemented Fri Apr 24 2020

[GA 486 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Ban On The Administration Of Unwanted Substances
A resolution to enact uniform standards that protect workers, consumers, and the general public.

Category: Regulation
Area of Effect: Safety
Proposed by: Morover

Description: The World Assembly,

Believing in the rights of every sapient individual to have full bodily autonomy,

Knowing that the involuntary administration of certain drugs, medications, or other substances, can infringe on this right to bodily autonomy,

Wishing to regulate the involuntary administration of these substances so as to prevent a severe violation of natural sapient rights,

Hereby,

1. Defines, for the purposes of this resolution, an "undesirable substance" as any drug, medication, or other substance, whose primary intent in administration can be reasonably assumed to not be desired by the individual to whom it is being administered;
   
   
2. Subject to other World Assembly Legislation, bans the administration of undesirable substances to any sapient individual of legal competence who has not freely consented to the administration, except in the following circumstances:
   
   
   1. the individual poses a reasonable threat to themselves or others, and must be sedated;
      
      
   2. the individual is undergoing a medical procedure and needs to receive emergency medications, where consent is not able to be received;
      
      
   3. the undesirable substance is being administered as capital punishment, lethal, non-painful doses must be administered in order to induce a humane death;
      
      
   4. substances deemed necessary for the widespread public health of either the nation or the world at large must be administered, even if there are skeptics who are vocally opposed to such substances being administered;
3. Clarifies that, even under these exceptions, adverse effects that are not deemed necessary shall be minimized to the greatest extent which is possible.

Votes For: 14 543 (61.5%)
Votes Against: 9 120 (38.5%)

Implemented Wed May 6 2020

[GA 487 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Ensuring Safe Syringe Use"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #482
Proposed by: Morover

Description: General Assembly Resolution #482 "Ensuring Safe Syringe Use" (Category: Health, Area of Effect: Healthcare) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Noting the good intentions of GAR#482: "Ensuring Safe Syringe Use";

Believing that, despite these good intentions and eloquence of the target, it does have some significant issues, which most notably include the following:

1. The use of the term "syringe" in place of "needle", the intended issue of GAR#482, which makes nearly all of the clauses obsolete, given that they have no actual significant effect on actual syringes, as syringes need significantly less disinfection than needles;
   
   
2. The ambiguous use of the word "OR" in clause 1(a) which could lead to some confusion among the actual goal of the Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response Center;

Knowing that, as a result of these issues, the target resolution doesn't actually accomplish its goals effectively;

Wishing to replace GAR#482 with a resolution that does actually accomplish the noble goal that the target was initially intended to do;

Hereby repeals and strikes out "Ensuring Safe Syringe Use".

Votes For: 19 244 (83.6%)
Votes Against: 3 770 (16.4%)

Implemented Fri May 22 2020

[GA 488 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Ethical Treatment of Animals in Research
A resolution to modify universal standards of healthcare.

Category: Health
Area of Effect: Bioethics
Proposed by: Maowi

Description: The World Assembly,

Appalled at the unnecessary infliction of severe pain and distress on animals in the name of science,

Aware of the all too high frequency of such occurrences,

Acknowledging that there are, unfortunately, circumstances in which society as a whole greatly benefits from the use of animal experimentation in scientific research and product development,

Hoping to reduce the harm inflicted on these animals to the minimum necessary to obtain such benefits,

Hereby enacts the following:

1. For the purposes of this resolution,
   
   
   1. an "animal" is defined as a non-sapient being with a nervous system or equivalent system by which it is naturally able to experience pain;
      
      
   2. "animal experimentation" is defined as the use of animals for scientific experimentation or product development; and
      
      
   3. an "animal research institute" is defined as any organisation which carries out animal experimentation.
   
   
2. 1. Animal research institutes may not harm animals physically or psychologically beyond the extent to which doing so is necessary to:
      
      
      1. achieve a scientific or product development aim, subject to clause 2.b. of this resolution, or
         
         
      2. avoid the infliction of comparable physical or psychological harm on a sapient to achieve a scientific or product development aim.
      
      
   2. Animal research institutes may not develop products whose main purpose is to harm animals physically or psychologically unless the product minimises the suffering of an animal harmed or killed for a lawful purpose or its function is of material benefit to its sapient owner.
      
      
   3. Animal research institutes may not conduct animal experimentation on animal species at risk of extinction, unless in order to aid conservation efforts of the animal species.
   
   
3. The World Health Authority Animal Experimentation Board (AEB) is established, and charged with researching alternatives to animal experimentation and making any findings derived from said research available, free of charge, to animal research institutes.
   
   
4. Animal research institutes must provide the AEB with accurate and comprehensive reports on all animal experimentation they carry out; the AEB must review these reports and submit them to the WACC where they find evidence of noncompliance with this resolution.
   
   
5. 1. Animal research institutes may petition the World Assembly General Fund for funding, which must be granted where the animal research institute is in genuine need of it for the minimisation of harm to animals during animal experimentation and the government of which the animal research institute is a subject refuses or is unable to provide sufficient funding.
      
      
   2. Animal research institutes must use all funding thus obtained from the World Assembly General Fund for the minimisation of harm to animals during animal experimentation only.
   
   
6. When not undergoing animal experimentation, animals in animal research institutes must be provided with, at minimum:
   
   
   1. sufficient nutrition for the preservation of the animals' long-term physical health,
      
      
   2. a hygienic living space, and
      
      
   3. a sufficiently uncrowded and spacious living space so as to avoid distress on the animals' behalf.
   
   
7. Animal research institutes may not kill animals they have used for animal experimentation, unless as a result of lawful animal experimentation, except as stipulated in clause 8 of this resolution.
   
   
8. When an animal research institute no longer needs an individual animal for animal experimentation,
   
   
   1. it must return the animal to the habitat in which it was captured, if it was initially captured for animal experimentation, the habitat is not private property, it is able to survive independently for the long term in the habitat, and it poses no risk of destroying this habitat; otherwise,
      
      
   2. it must hand over custody of the animal to a person or body which will provide it with the necessities described in clause 6 of this resolution, and must make a substantial and meaningful effort to locate such a person or body; where none is located,
      
      
   3. it must keep the animal, continuing to abide by the regulations of clause 6 of this resolution, or kill the animal, causing it as little pain and distress as possible.

Votes For: 18 363 (83.3%)
Votes Against: 3 675 (16.7%)

Implemented Tue May 26 2020

[GA 489 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Military Identification Tag Act [Struck out by GA 497]
A resolution to improve world security by boosting police and military budgets.

Category: International Security
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Alba and Cymru

Description: The General Assembly,

Aware that the whereabouts of many military personnel of various nations of the General Assembly remains unknown,

Appalled at the absence of medical treatment to recovered, yet unresponsive military personnel due to lack of identification,

Lamenting that many soldiers who are killed-in-action remain unidentified,

Wishing to reunite those who are killed-in-action with their loved ones for proper funeral services,

Knowing that military identification tags lend tremendous help in seeking missing-in-action or killed-in-action military combatants,

Acknowledging the significant role of military identification tags in the treatment of unconscious or unresponsive military personnel,

Noting that the bodies of deceased military personnel must be correctly identified in order to inform loved ones of loss, conduct funerals, as well as properly bury or cremate deceased combatants based on the wishes of the deceased,

Hereby,

1. Defines a military identification tag as any durable item worn by military personnel for the purpose of identifying a deceased or unconscious body of a military combatant,

2. Requires that all members of the World Assembly issue military identification tags to all registered military combatants and field personnel with the following correct and legible identification categories:

- Full legal name, including middle initial or name and suffix,
- Military identification number,
- Blood type, indicating blood type letter and Rh factor,

3. Allows member nations to include any other information deemed necessary,

4. Requires that all member nations issue each tag with a duplicate in order to identify the bodies of deceased combatants for initial identification and later recovery,

5. Allows member nations to provide the resources required to produce military identification tags to other member nations if said nation has a lack thereof.

6. Advises member nations from issuing military identification tags to unregistered combatants with public funding,

7. Prohibits the intentional destruction or displacement of active or salvaged military identification tags by any means,

8. Allows member nations to re-purpose the materials in military identification tags after they have been decommissioned.

Votes For: 18 296 (85.0%)
Votes Against: 3 235 (15.0%)

Implemented Sat May 30 2020

[GA 490 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Rights of the Employed [Struck out by GA 529]
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Civil Rights
Strength: Strong
Proposed by: The Greater Soviet North America

Description: Co-authored by Tinhampton

The World Assembly,

Taking note of the numerous national and international laws that recognize a range of rights for workers;

Noting with regret that, despite all the rights that cover the previously cited laws, the workforce is still struggling to assert those rights;

Deeply concerned that this governing body does not have a resolution explicitly stating the rights of workers in their place of employment;

1. Defines a "worker" as an individual who currently has a contract with an employer which entails carrying out particular tasks for that employer with the expectation of a regular monetary reward, including those individuals who are currently shadowing workers or are working as interns for that employer;
   
   
2. Declares accordingly that this resolution, although not an exhaustive list of the rights possessed by all workers, is intended to ensure that they are aware of the rights they hold by law, as well as any protections from the unjust treatment they may be subjected to;
   
   
3. Further declares accordingly that this resolution shall be applicable to all workers, except for Article E(3), which applies only to workers of lactating species such as humans and cows;
   
   
4. Clarifies that workers in Member States shall enjoy protection from:
   
   
   1. dismissal, suspension from work, discrimination, and salary reduction as a result of childbirth or claiming maternity, paternity, and adoption leave ("parental leave");
      
      
   2. discrimination on the grounds of gender identity, gender expression or sexual identity, including pay discrimination and unfair dismissal;
      
      
   3. being subject to hostile, offensive or intimidating behavior (including sexual harassment, domestic violence, and other unwanted approaches) as a condition of becoming or remaining employed, or otherwise in the course of their employment; and
      
      
   4. being retaliated against by their employer for participating in a trial or tribunal regarding discriminatory employment practices;
5. Further clarifies that each worker in Member States:
   
   
   1. shall have the right to claim at least eight weeks of parental leave, during which they must receive their full expected wage from their employer, upon childbirth or adoption of a child below the age of majority;
      
      
   2. shall have the right to claim at least four weeks of this parental leave after childbirth or adoption of a child below the age of majority;
      
      
   3. who can prove to their employer that they cannot avoid breastfeeding their children in the workplace shall be entitled to:
      
      
      1. a private, safe, hygienic and ventilated area in that workplace, separate from any toilets that may exist on-site, which shall be reserved for the sole purpose of breastfeeding; and
         
         
      2. a period of the working day set aside for breastfeeding; which shall be equal to one-eighth of their working day, may also be divided into two or three equal periods and must be guaranteed for up to one year after the end of their parental leave;
6. Encourages employers to promulgate policies on sexual harassment in the workplace, including by establishing fair and effective internal tribunals to deal with complaints thereof.

Votes For: 11 828 (53.9%)
Votes Against: 10 133 (46.1%)

Implemented Sun Jun 7 2020

[GA 491 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Proper Hygiene for Medical Instruments
A resolution to modify universal standards of healthcare.

Category: Health
Area of Effect: Healthcare
Proposed by: Morover

Description: The World Assembly,

Noting that certain medical instruments require proper sterilisation in order to prevent the spread of infectious disease,

hereby,

1. Defines "susceptible medical instrument" (SMI) as an apparatus used in a healthcare setting and with a material potential to carry and spread communicable disease to an individual;
   
   
2. Tasks the Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response Center (EPARC) with creating and keeping up-to-date safe and effective standards of
   
   1. sterilization and disposal of each type of SMI;
   2. determining the amount of reuse each type of SMI may undergo before disposal is needed;
   3. determining the amount of reuse each type SMI may undergo before sterilization is needed;
3. Requires sterilization, disposal, or both to be done once needed in accordance with EPARC standards whenever SMIs are used in a healthcare setting;
   
   
4. Urges medical practitioners to use their best judgment, informed by EPARC protocols, to prevent the spread of disease via SMIs without specific standards established by EPARC;
   
   
5. Demands all SMIs which do not presently have up-to-date standards established by EPARC to be reported immediately to the committee so that standards can be established or updated in a timely manner; and
   
   
6. Mandates that all individuals working in healthcare with an SMI of any kind be adequately trained to carry out the standards established by EPARC for the kind of SMI which they use and continue to receive training to maintain competency as to the latest standards.

Co-Authored by Imperium Anglorum

Votes For: 18 256 (91.0%)
Votes Against: 1 803 (9.0%)

Implemented Thu Jun 11 2020

[GA 492 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Language and Education Rights for Deaf Individuals
A resolution to promote funding and the development of education and the arts.

Category: Education and Creativity
Area of Effect: Cultural Heritage
Proposed by: Morover

Description: The World Assembly,

Noting the existence of deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals,

Further noting that these individuals can experience discrimination that are otherwise unknown in a populace of hearing individuals,

Hoping to bring attention to this discrimination, and attempts to relieve it,

And reaffirming that deafness is no more insurmountable than any other natural characteristic which makes an individual unique,

Hereby,

1. Defines, for the purpose of this resolution:
   
   
   1. "deafness" and any linguistic variations thereof as the condition of having partial or total lack of hearing which directly impairs one's ability to communicate using verbal or audial language;
      
      
   2. "hearing" as the state of not being deaf;
      
      
   3. "non-audial language" as any method of communication capable of demonstrating complex thought and having a distinct grammatical structure that does not use verbal or audial speech, especially using gesticulatory motions;
      
      
   4. "community of non-hearing individuals" (CNHI) as any community consisting of deaf individuals and those related to them, with a distinct culture that is centered around the celebration of ones deafness;
      
      
   5. "child of a deaf adult" (CODA) as any individual under the age of majority who is hearing, but is under the primary guardianship of one or more deaf adults;
      
      
   6. "school for the deaf" as any school, classroom, or other educational facility which specializes in the education of deaf children, especially using a popular local non-audial language;
   
   
2. Establishes the International Institution of Non-Audial or Sign Languages (IINASL) as a subcommittee of the World Assembly Language Society, and tasks the IINASL to:
   
   
   1. directly work with national and international CNHIs in order to determine modern and historical non-audial languages and create a database of these languages, which shall note the grammatical and linguistic structure of the language, as well as common local and international vernacular variations that have arisen from them;
      
      
   2. create easily accessible resources that can help newly-deaf individuals and educators of the deaf to learn or teach these languages;
   
   
3. Requires one or more school for the deaf to be established in every member-nation, which shall be granted the same supplies and resources of other schools in the nation, with alterations made as needed in order to maximize the effectiveness of the education towards the deaf children, with sufficient capacity to hold all deaf children or CODAs that wish to attend them;
   
   
   1. Directs member-nations to supply funding, transportation, and housing for deaf students to attend these schools, as well as their families, should the distance or cost of the schools be overly burdensome on the deaf children or their families;
      
      
   2. Forbids member-nations from making these schools for the deaf difficult to access, or to put an undue burden on deaf children who will attend it or their families, so as to prevent attendance to these schools;
      
      
   3. Recommends that these schools for the deaf use the IINASL database of non-audial languages as an aid in education;
      
      
   4. Exempts nations which have no deaf individuals within their nation, but, should deaf individuals become present in the nation, that these schools are to be established in a timely manner;
4. Requires that schools for the deaf have a class or period which students may opt into which shall teach deaf students how to speak audial languages;
   
   
5. Forbids nations, schools, or other organizations from requiring deaf students to learn how to speak audial languages, unless explicitly opted in to by the relevant deaf student;
   
   
6. Subject to World Assembly legislation, allows parents of deaf children to decide where their children will go to school, but strongly urges them to consider sending their deaf children to a school for the deaf;
   
   
7. Subject to World Assembly legislation, allows parents of CODAs to determine where their children will go to school, even if they wish for their child to attend a school for the deaf, provided that it does not deprive the CODA of normal lingual development;
   
   
8. Affirms that deafness is not grounds for discrimination, and that deaf individuals are granted the same immunity under national and international laws as hearing individuals;
   
   
   1. Clarifying, however, that in a setting of employment, employers may decide that a deaf individual is not suitable for the job at hand, so long as the deafness will provide reasonable threat of physical or psychological harm to either the deaf individual or other people, or where hearing is an absolute necessity for the sake of the job;
9. Requires national and international announcements and edicts to have either a transcription of the text of the announcement, or a translator present who will translate the text of the announcement into a common locally-known or internationally-known non-audial language.

Votes For: 17 814 (93.6%)
Votes Against: 1 221 (6.4%)

Implemented Mon Jun 15 2020

[GA 493 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Regulating Desalination
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: All Businesses - Mild
Proposed by: Honeydewistania

Description: The World Assembly,

Observing that desalination is used by several member nations as a method of obtaining fresh water for their people;

Acknowledging that when used in an environmentally-safe manner, desalination is a very effective method for providing potable water to freshwater deficient member nations with access to saltwater;

Aware that improperly managed desalination can lead to irreversible environmental damage, such as release of highly concentrated pollutants into the environment or possible contamination of natural freshwater sources with salt;

Hoping to prevent these negative environmental impacts, while continuing to enable the use of desalination as a way to obtain potable water;

Hereby:

1. Defines, for the purposes of this resolution, "desalination" as the process of obtaining freshwater from saltwater through one or more purification methods;

2. Requires member nations to dispose of any waste products from the desalination process in a manner that does not pose a significant degree of threat to any natural environment;

3. Encourages member nations to research and, when possible, utilize a combination of desalination and salt-recovery for industrial and commercial use;

4. Mandates that desalination plants and their operations must not cause irreversible damages to any ecosystem, and that effective environmental damage mitigation plans are in place to be enacted in the case of an accident;

5. Urges member nations with access to large quantities of saltwater to use desalination as a new source of water, instead of tapping into pristine freshwater reserves;

6. Encourages member nations to adopt energy-efficient strategies for desalination, and if possible, use renewable energy during the process of desalination;

7. Clarifies that nothing in this resolution discourages the use of other methods of alleviating water shortage, such as water use reduction policies.

Co-authored by Kenmoria

Votes For: 11 930 (65.2%)
Votes Against: 6 378 (34.8%)

Implemented Fri Jun 19 2020

[GA 494 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]