2024: A Political RetrospectiveArturo Pangilinan - 6th of January, 2025MANILA, MAHARLIKA — 2024 marked a political turning point in Maharlika, as for the first time in over 30 years, the presidency slipped from the grip of the Partido Liberal. The long-dominant party, whose influence had shaped modern Maharlika, suffered a historic loss to the populist Partido ng Sambayanang Maharlika (PSM).
For decades, President Julio Martinez stood as a central figure in Maharlika's political landscape, serving five terms and becoming synonymous with national stability. Under his leadership, the Partido Liberal pursued aggressive centralization policies aimed at curbing regionalism, dismantling entrenched political dynasties, and pushing for widespread industrialization, especially in rural provinces. His administration was praised for modernizing infrastructure and boosting urban GDP, particularly in Southern Luzon and Metro Manila. However, outside the capital and its surrounding regions, Martinez's government was viewed with increasing suspicion, often seen as meddling and elitist, undermining local customs, governance, and agrarian lifestyles.
His sudden death in 2021 threw the Liberal Party into chaos. Power was passed to Vice President Dino V. Chua, a political moderate with little grassroots support. Dino’s tenure was marred by indecision and compromise. As industries replaced farmlands in rural regions, countless uneducated farmers found themselves jobless, unable to afford or complete the expensive retraining programs required for industrial work. In their place, a wave of educated Manileños swept in to take the new positions, stoking tensions and accusations of urban encroachment and cultural erasure.
Riots broke out in provinces like Pangasinan, Cebu, and Zamboanga, some local governments even threatened secession unless economic and political control were returned to local hands. Instead of asserting authority, President Chua opted for concessions and half-measures, further damaging the Partido Liberal’s credibility.
It was in this volatile environment that the Partido ng Sambayanang Maharlika surged to power. Branding themselves as the true voice of the countryside, the PSM promised to restore dignity to the provinces. Their platform centered around empowering local leaders, preserving regional cultures and languages, and defending conservative, agrarian lifestyles. Fiercely populist, they pushed back against centralization and foreign influence, accusing the Liberal government of turning Maharlika into a playground for capitalists and technocrats.
The 2024 election wasn’t just a referendum on economic policy, it was a cultural reckoning. Rural voters, long marginalized and mocked as “backward” by urban elites, found their champion in PSM. Their rallying cry, “Buhay Probinsya, Buhay Maharlika” (Provincial Life, Maharlikan Life), resonated deeply in regions that had long felt voiceless under Manila’s shadow.
The 2024 Elections
2024 presidential election resultsIn a stunning political upset, Senator Jose Gregorio Ibarra of the Partido ng Sambayanang Maharlika (PSM) has won the 2024 Maharlikan presidential elections, defeating the ruling Partido Liberal for the first time in three decades. Ibarra claimed victory with 53.21% of the national vote (38,936,781 votes), outpacing incumbent President Dino V. Chua, who garnered 35.12% (25,643,343 votes). Trailing far behind was Governor Joan Sarita Natividad, representing Bisayang Bayan, who received 5.08% (3,711,035 votes), despite her regional popularity and moderate leanings.
Ibarra’s rise reflects growing dissatisfaction with Manila-centric policies and perceived Liberal elitism. A long-time senator and vocal critic of the Liberal-dominated political order, Ibarra campaigned on a platform of regional empowerment, economic decentralization, and cultural preservation.
His rhetoric, unapologetically populist and often critical of “imperial Manila”, resonated across Visayas and rural Mindanao, where communities felt marginalized by decades of centralized governance.
2024 vice presidential election resultsIn a stunningly narrow and hotly contested vote, Ysabella Ferrer of the Partido Liberal has been elected Vice President of Maharlika with 41.21% of the vote (29,968,674 votes), narrowly defeating Pablo Luna of the rising Partido ng Sambayanang Maharlika (PSM), who secured 39.82% (28,504,020 votes). Emilio Katindig, representing Repormang Pangmasa, took 15.30% (10,968,924 votes), drawing significant support from Zamboanga and moderate regions of Mindanao.
Known for her work in the Senate on welfare, education, and healthcare, Ferrer has long been viewed as the compassionate face of the Partido Liberal, a sharp contrast to the more technocratic or centralist elements of the party under Martinez and Chua.
Ferrer’s reputation as a non-combative, service-oriented lawmaker likely helped her edge out Luna, particularly in urban centers and among women and youth voters. But with her victory comes an unexpected burden: she is now the most powerful Liberal in the nation, and is expected to lead the rebuilding of the party after its first major defeat in 30 years.
Pablo Luna, grandson of the famed revolutionary General Antonio Luna, ran on a fiery and militaristic platform, branding himself a defender of regional rights and "true national strength." A decorated lieutenant general of the Maharlikan Marines, Luna embodied the PSM’s more radical faction, one that favors discipline, sovereignty, and a strong federal military response to internal unrest.
The closeness of the race has left Luna bitter. While the Electoral Commission confirmed Ferrer’s win, Luna has demanded a full recount, claiming irregularities in several Luzon provinces. He has not yet conceded.
2024-2030 senatorial seatsRiding high from President Jose Gregorio Ibarra’s landslide win, the PSM made major inroads into the Senate, winning 9 seats outright (Bright Red) and picking up the backing of at least one more independent with regional PSM ties (Dark Red).
While this marks a historic high for the party, it still leaves them short of a working majority, forcing Ibarra to negotiate with local power blocs and populist independents to pass key legislation. Several of the PSM-aligned senators are more radical and militarist, advocating federalist reforms, stronger national defense, and expanded support for local industries and farming.
Partido Liberal, despite its worst performance in recent history, still holds 7 seats (Light Blue) and commands influence through three more Liberal-aligned independents (Dark Blue), mostly veteran politicians from Luzon and urban centers who maintained their seats under the PL's broader coalition.
The PL's senate bloc, now led by seasoned centrist Margarita Domingo, is expected to pivot toward checks and balances, aiming to hold off radical reforms and reestablish institutional credibility. Ferrer’s vice presidency gives them a moral foothold in national politics, even as the party regroups in opposition.
Four seats are held by locally aligned or ideologically flexible independents (Yellow), many representing ethnic, rural, or provincial movements. These include Mindanaoan agrarian voices, Visayan nationalists, and even a senator from the Cordilleras advocating for indigenous autonomy.
These senators may swing votes either way depending on concessions to their regions, giving them outsized influence over national legislation.
Analysts believe that Katindig's Repormang Pangmasa movement, though unsuccessful in the presidential race, may find traction here through behind-the-scenes coordination.
2024-2030 House of Representatives seatsWith a combined 183 seats under its banner or informal coalition, the PSM now enjoys an unassailable majority in the House. This will allow President Ibarra to fast-track legislation aligned with his platform of regional empowerment, federalist transition, agrarian reform, and military strengthening, all without needing to negotiate with Partido Liberal leadership.
The PSM’s rural and provincial base came out in force, with victories in the Visayas, Mindanao, and Northern Luzon far outpacing expectations. In many districts, Liberal incumbents were swept aside by younger, more militant or populist candidates pledging to “bring power back to the provinces.”
The Partido Liberal retained its dominance in urbanized Southern Luzon, Metro Manila, and parts of Central Visayas, keeping 73 seats and commanding an additional 11 through coalitions or independents. This gives them a strong minority bloc of 84, but far short of the power needed to block PSM legislation without third-party support.
There are growing internal calls for the PL to undergo a full restructuring after back-to-back electoral defeats in the executive, senate, and now the lower chamber.
33 seats remain in the hands of independents, localist parties, and regional blocs with unclear loyalties. Some represent ethnic minorities, economic protest movements, or traditional political clans. While a few are expected to align with PSM or PL for political capital, others may remain true wildcards, extracting concessions for infrastructure, autonomy, or economic perks.
The 2024 General Elections will be remembered as the most seismic political upheaval in the republic’s modern history. With the Partido Liberal’s 30-year hold on the presidency broken, and the upstart Partido ng Sambayanang Maharlika (PSM) now in firm control of the executive and the lower house, Maharlika stands at a crossroads, between regionalist populism, uncertain governance, and looming fragmentation.
Since the 1990s, the Partido Liberal has shaped Maharlika’s identity: centralized governance, technocratic policies, and an unyielding focus on urban-industrial development. Under Julio Martinez, the country enjoyed economic growth and state consolidation, but often at the expense of rural livelihoods and regional autonomy.
The cracks began to show after Martinez’s sudden death in 2021, and under President Dino V. Chua’s uninspiring and crisis-prone leadership, those cracks turned to fissures. Riots, rural disenfranchisement, and Mindanao's restlessness all escalated, eroding public trust.
Whether PSM can actually govern effectively, or simply ride its momentum into paralysis, remains the defining question of this new era. Its leaders are charismatic and well-supported, but their lack of technocratic experience, inflammatory rhetoric, and militarized approach could just as easily backfire.