The Technocratic nations are a Group of nations dedicated to the advancement of the world through Science , Progressive thinking , and the belief that something that is used to determine the truth is a viable application of government. After heavy consideration they have come up with the idea to terraform the planet Mars
The Head of astronomy has also created a report on the matter and on the advanteges and disadvantages of this project
DISADVANTEGES
The Martian environment presents several terraforming challenges to overcome and the extent of terraforming may be limited by certain key environmental factors.
The surface gravity on Mars is 38% of that on Earth. It is not known if this is enough to prevent the health problems associated with weightlessness.[4]
Additionally, the low gravity (and thus low escape velocity) of Mars may render it more difficult for the planet to retain an atmosphere when compared to the more massive Earth and Venus.[5] Earth and Venus are both able to sustain thick atmospheres, even though they experience more of the solar wind that is believed to strip away planetary volatiles. Continuing sources of atmospheric gases on Mars might therefore be required to ensure that an atmosphere sufficiently dense for humans is sustained in the long term.
Mars lacks a magnetosphere, which poses challenges for mitigating solar radiation and retaining atmosphere. It is believed that fields detected on the planet are remnants of a magnetosphere that collapsed early in the planet's history.
The lack of a magnetosphere is thought to be one reason for the planet's thin atmosphere. Solar wind-induced ejection of Martian atmospheric atoms has been detected by Mars-orbiting probes. Venus, however, clearly demonstrates that the lack of a magnetosphere does not preclude a dense atmosphere.
Earth abounds with water because its ionosphere is permeated with a magnetosphere. The hydrogen ions present in its ionosphere move very fast due to their small mass, but they cannot escape to outer space because their trajectories are deflected by the magnetic field. Venus has a dense atmosphere, but only traces of water vapor (20 ppm) because it has no magnetic field. The Martian atmosphere also loses water to space. Earth's ozone layer provides additional protection. Ultraviolet light is blocked before it can dissociate water into hydrogen and oxygen. Since little water vapor rises above the troposphere and the ozone layer is in the upper stratosphere, little water is dissociated into hydrogen and oxygen.
The Earth's magnetic field is 31 µT. Mars would require a similar magnetic field intensity to similarly offset the effects of the solar wind at its distance further from the Sun. The technology for inducing a planetary scale magnetic field does not currently exist.
The importance of magnetosphere has been brought into question. In the past, Earth has regularly had periods where the magnetosphere changed direction and collapsed for some time yet life has continued to survive. A thick atmosphere similar to Earth's could also provide protection against solar radiation in the absence of a magnetosphere
ADVANTAGES
According to modern theorists, Mars exists on the outer edge of the habitable zone, a region of the Solar System where life can exist. Mars is on the border of a region known as the extended habitable zone where concentrated greenhouse gases could support the liquid water on the surface at sufficient atmospheric pressure. Therefore Mars has the potential to support a hydrosphere and biosphere.
It has been suggested that Mars once had an environment relatively similar to that of Earth during an earlier stage in its development.[7] While water appears to have once existed on the Martian surface, it now only appears to exist at the poles and just below the planetary surface as permafrost. The lack of both a magnetic field and geologic activity on Mars may be a result of its relatively small size, which allowed the interior to cool more quickly than Earth's, though the details of such a process are still not well understood.
The soil and atmosphere of Mars contain many of the main elements needed for life.
Large amounts of water ice exist below the Martian surface, as well as on the surface at the poles, where it is mixed with dry ice, frozen CO2. Significant amounts of water are stored in the south pole of Mars, which, if melted, would correspond to a planetwide ocean 11 meters deep.[8] Frozen carbon dioxide (CO2) at the poles sublimates into the atmosphere during the Martian summers, and small amounts of water residue are left behind, which fast winds sweep off the poles at speeds approaching 400 km/h (250 mph). This seasonal occurrence transports large amounts of dust and water vapor into the atmosphere, giving potential for Earth-like cirrus clouds.
Most of the oxygen in the Martian atmosphere is present as carbon dioxide (CO2), the main atmospheric component. Molecular oxygen (O2) only exists in trace amounts. Large amounts of elemental oxygen can be also found in metal oxides on the Martian surface, and in the soil, in the form of per-nitrates.[9] An analysis of soil samples taken by the Phoenix lander indicated the presence of perchlorate, which has been used to liberate oxygen in chemical oxygen generators. Electrolysis could be employed to separate water on the planet into oxygen and hydrogen if sufficient liquid water and electricity were available.
THE STEPS TO TERRAFORM MARS
Terraforming Mars would entail three major interlaced changes: building up the atmosphere, keeping it warm, and keeping the atmosphere from being lost to outer space. The atmosphere of Mars is relatively thin and has a very low surface pressure. Since its atmosphere consists mainly of CO2, a known greenhouse gas, once the planet begins to heat, the CO2 may help to keep thermal energy near the surface. Moreover, as the planet heats, more CO2 should enter the atmosphere from the frozen reserves on the poles, enhancing the greenhouse effect. This means that the two processes of building the atmosphere and heating it would augment one another, favoring terraforming.
The tremendous air currents generated by the moving gases would create large, sustained dust storms, which would heat the atmosphere (by absorbing solar radiation).
Another way to create a martian atmosphere would be to import methane or other hydrocarbons,[12][13] which are common in Titan's atmosphere (and on its surface). The methane could be vented into the atmosphere where it would act to compound the greenhouse effect.
Methane (or other hydrocarbons) could be helpful to increase atmospheric pressure. These gases also can be used to produce water and CO2 for the Martian atmosphere:
CH4 + 4 Fe2O3 → CO2 + 2 H2O + 8 FeO
This reaction could probably be initiated by heat or by Martian solar UV irradiation. Large amounts of the resulting products (CO2 and water) are necessary for photosynthesis, which would be the next step in terraforming.
Hydrogen could be imported for atmosphere and hydrosphere engineering.[14] For example, hydrogen could react with iron(III) oxide from the Martian soil, which would give water as a product:
H2 + Fe2O3 → H2O + 2FeO
Depending on the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, importation and reaction of hydrogen would produce heat, water and graphite via the Bosch reaction. Alternatively, reacting hydrogen with the carbon dioxide atmosphere via the Sabatier reaction would yield methane and water.
Since long-term climate stability would be required for sustaining a human population, the use of especially powerful fluorine-bearing greenhouse gases possibly including sulfur hexafluoride or halocarbons such as chlorofluorocarbons (or CFCs) and perfluorocarbons (or PFCs) has been suggested.[15] These gases are the most cited candidates for artificial insertion into the Martian atmosphere because they produce a strong effect as a greenhouse gas, thousands of times stronger than CO2. This can conceivably be done relatively cheaply by sending rockets with payloads of compressed CFCs on collision courses with Mars.[9] When the rockets crash onto the surface they release their payloads into the atmosphere. A steady barrage of these "CFC rockets" would need to be sustained for a little more than a decade while the planet changes chemically and becomes warmer.
In order to sublimate the south polar CO2 glaciers, Mars would require the introduction of approximately 0.3 microbars of CFCs into Mars's atmosphere. This is equivalent to a mass of approximately 39 million metric tons. This is about three times the amount of CFC manufactured on Earth from 1972 to 1992 (when CFC production was banned by international treaty). Mineralogical surveys of Mars estimate the elemental presence of fluorine in the bulk composition of Mars at 32 ppm by mass vs. 19.4 ppm for the Earth.[15]
A proposal to mine fluorine-containing minerals as a source of CFCs and PFCs is supported by the belief that since these minerals are expected to be at least as common on Mars as on Earth, this process could sustain the production of sufficient quantities of optimal greenhouse compounds (CF3SCF3, CF3OCF2OCF3, CF3SCF2SCF3, CF3OCF2NFCF3) to maintain Mars at 'comfortable' temperatures, as a method of maintaining an Earth-like atmosphere produced previously by some other means.[15]
Mirrors made of thin aluminized PET film could be placed in orbit around Mars to increase the total insolation it receives.[1] This would direct the sunlight onto the surface and could increase the planet's surface temperature directly. The mirror could be positioned as a statite, using its effectiveness as a solar sail to orbit in a stationary position relative to Mars, near the poles, to sublimate the CO2 ice sheet and contribute to the warming greenhouse effect.
BELOW IS THE OFFICAL APPLICATION FORM
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From: The Technocratic Nations board of Science
The Board of science in the Technocratic Nations have come up with a plan that will benefit all nations big and small
This project is to Terraform the planet Mars in order to create more space for the human race
This massive undertaking is going to be VERY expensive and anyone who wishes to join must be in a economically stable state.
This massive coalition of countries will be named the C.T.T.M
The estimated cost of this project is around 250 Trillion Dublins (211 Trillion USD)
To make this process easier we are creating a system of claiming land.
In terms of Costs the Technocracy of Panem and the Technocracy of Rajington will both pay half of the costs and get first claims of Half of the land.
Other Nations will who contribute will get claim to the other unclaimed 50%
Nations (Or Regions ) Who contribute more will get more land (According to how much there percentage of contribution is) and get higher priority to claim land
Contributions are listed as:
1.Financial contributions
2.Workers to work in the VABs and scientists to work on the rockets
3 Giving all Technologies useful to the operation to the C.T.T.J
Please attempt to fill out as much of the APP form as possible
To apply you must list
Name of country/Region :
Head of State:
Head of Sciences or name of Space Department:
Population of Country;
Economic State of Country:
Amount of Money in Govt. Reserve:
Literacy Rate:
Average Science test scores:
Average Physics test scores:
Number of Scientists able to relocate to Technocracy of Panem for Project number and type:
Number of workers able to relocate to Technocracy of Panem for Project number and type:
Amount of Enriched Uranium able to relocate to Technocracy of Panem in tons(It will power the spacecraft):
Materials able to relocate to Technocracy of Panem for Project , number and type:
Hardware , Engines , and Technology's willing to give to Technocracy of Panem:
Quality of items being sent to Technocracy of Panem(Out of hundered):
Plans for your allotted space of land(Not required but please answer):
Number of astronauts willing to be sent to Mars:
Any applications that seem unrealistic will be deemed fake.
All Persons relocated to the Technocracy of Panem will be under Diplomatic immunity unless of extreme circumstance.
Updates on the trip will be posted by me and ask any questions by sending me a telegram
Sincerely,
Hank Green
Head of Scientific operations
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