NationStates

By inheritance. Or if the emperor dies without an heir, then by vote for a new line of emperors.

The kingdom of Jajal is an electoral monarchy and a new king is chosen by citizens when the old one dies. Political parties are abolished and every candidate runs as an independent. The king doesn't have to be male, but they are prohibited from having children.

Pharaoh Mau was chosen by the Sun. She will reign on for as long as the Sun passes the Horizon or until she tires of being the Sun. Then her children will take command.

a giant prize wheel but instead of it being prizes on the wheel its the names of people who want to become leader. if it lands on you then you get the job

Someone residing in, working in, or a citizen of the nation/area passes a test to determine if mature enough to be considered of legal age. Then they may vote in national or local referenda. The referenda are used for every governmental decision, although anyone who works will vote for their manager and petitions (which can be signed at a lower maturity level/legal age equivalent) can also cause another referendum.

Whoever is next in line to the throne when the Emperor dies. If a replacement isn't available, then the Shadow Emperor takes the Emperor's place until a replacement is available.

Head of state is a British King but the Governor General is indirectly elected by the people through Electoral Assembly. Head of government, the Prime Minister is chosen in his party who have won the election as the biggest party.

1. President
Candidates for the presidency must have 15% of parliamentary support. After a 3 months long campaign season (this greatly benefit the incumbent), citizens will go to the polls and elect a president in a score runoff vote.

2. Chancellor
Chancellor is appointed by the president and rely on the confidence of the parliament. (In reality, as long as the president command the majority the chancellor can be anyone that the president wants).

Well, seeing as a nation I am typing this for is supposed to be anarcho-primitivist, it has no leader. Sorry for the response.

The Sovereign of Great Nortend is ordained by God. The Crown passes down the familial line following male-preference primogeniture. The Prime Minister is appointed by the King as the Lord High Treasurer. He is usually the peer with the confidence of Parliament.

Upon the previous leader's death, abdication, exile, etc a new leader will be chosen via direct democracy. Everyone gets to vote on who gets to become the next leader and can vote on anyone... we're still working out the kinks because Abbas probably has a couple of more decades.

After the death, execution, removal, etc of a previous leader, officials and the previou's rulers family and capable officials are chosen. They debate over their policies and character for 40 days while strict background checks are done. Eventually there is a public and government vote which are averaged out after a non-lethal public duel between all candidates. The new leader is chosen; they and their family are moved onto the federal estates within 4 days.

We conduct a series of trials and challenges where chosen members of the nation's elite compete to demonstrate endurance, precision of judgement and willingness for personal sacrifice. Even the slightest hesitation often leads many candidates to either fall into their demise, or be stripped of all previously held status. The one who remains after all others have been eliminated are declared worthy to ascend to leadership.

Since Davinhia is in a new timeline;

Currently the interim leader has been selected by a committee of just shy of one hundred people who were the driving force behind independence. Every member drafted a few candidates and then everyone voted from the top five. Davin Hue has currently been selected with 36 votes

In the coming legislation, the nation will figure out exactly how to elect a leader. The new legislation will figure out who the leader will be. The current leading option is whoever leads the majority party; however, others suggest a direct election in a presidential system rather than a prime minister based system

The leader of Ghost Land has been King Warlock Ghost VI since the nation's founding in 2014, and no provisions have been made as to what happens if he dies or retires. However, if he doesn't access the Administration Room in his massive castle for 28 days, the nation will implode. Thankfully this is where he spends a couple of hours every day.

In 60s Music, when the leader (currently Dictator Tim Grooves since 2010 [RP] or 2018 [IRL]) dies or retires, the next leader will be chosen by consensus among the ranks of government. The next dictator as of 2019 is slated to be current WA Ambassador Chad Microwave when Grooves dies or retires.

On each election, The People of Parnello will vote for one candidate from each prefecture to represent their region for the National Elections.

Our leader isn't chosen, they have been ruling the union ever since it's existence, and likely to stay that way.
Our leaders are chosen based on merit, depending on how well they performed as planetary leaders, rebel commanders etc, they can be met by a Void wanderer or an advisor ranking high in the order, it depends on many, many factors.

The Divine Emperor is decided by the Primogeniture of the previous one!

"Generally speaking there is no set way for how an Imperator is chosen, the Council is another thing.

Due to the Genre of my Nation being a mixture of both Science Fantasy, and regular old Fantasy. An Imperator has the only two criteria that are always met, he/she/it always comes from Earth, and they are always there when their predecessor dies. A mixture of luck and destiny fate or otherwise at play.

Often when someone assumes the position it is because their predecessor has screwed up badly, and now the opportunistic ass who took over has two options, sink or swim. If they pull out alright, where the former failed, then they might actually stand a chance. If the lucky man/woman/it survives the first thousand years of suddenly seizing power over a massive empire, the Council will concede and formally recognize him her or it.

There is an actual system to choose an Imperator... but it's been used all but like 10 or 12 times, and there have been over 600 successful Imperators (failures don't get talked about or recorded as they usually survive for decades at the most).

Now, on the other hand, the Council is chosen via a collection of elections that are held through the entire Republic, but I am lazy now and will explain those later."

-OOC

Originally by democratic election but the current president was doing so well with the highest approval in history. So the Constitution was aminded to allow no turn limits, so as long as the people support you u can be elected until death or retirement.

Caleonia’s Emperor- Inherited title, the only such one in Caleonia.
Caleonia’s Prime Councilor- Elected by the Senate; they like to elect one of their own. Infinite term length, can not resign, but can get impeached.
Caleonia’s Senators- Popular Vote. Their terms last 6 years and they have a maximum of three terms.
Caleonia’s Cabinet of Ministers- Each senator has a cabinet of their own that comes into use when they get elected.

The Grand Emperor is chosen hereditarily, it is always the oldest child of the previous Grand Emperor unless there is a succession crisis/no remaining royal family in which case the House of Nobles gets to decide who the new Emperor will be (happened with Geronimo XIII).

The Grand Chancellor (similar to a Prime Minister), on the other hand, must win at least 50% support in the House of Parliament and be confirmed by the Grand Emperor. The GC can be an elected MP, or anyone sitting on a Parliamentary Council/Committee. This rule applies to the current Grand Chancellor, who wasn't an elected MP, but a Grand Marshal sitting on the Parliamentary Military Council (they are allowed to keep their military rank as well).

The Prime Minister is chosen by election. Creslonia has two political parties: National (centre-right) and Liberal (centre-left). Liberal is currently in power under Jack Wyodi. A voter votes first for a municipal representative and then for a political party. The leader of the winning party becomes the PM and the seats are portioned out in Parliament per percentage of votes.

In Brilliania the Lehendakari is elected using the two-round system. Presidential elections are held every 4 years, although it may be called earlier if the sitting Lehendakari resigns and the position of Vice-Lehendakari is vacant. This has only occured once, after Lehendakari Haran Elexalde resigned after a scandal regarding a mail-order bride. The Vice-Lehendakari died in a terrorist attack perpetrated by the left-wing extremist Batasuna Beltza in October 2018.

Ganschenland is organized into semi-independent communes, which are then divided collectives runs by labor councils. The collectives would elect a delegate to be sent to the federal government to form the Federal council. From this pool, a Chairman would be picked by the delegation by a open ballot vote.