Your nation's political system

[Mobius and the Biscay]

Mobius is a federal parliamentary constitutional semi-elective monarchy. It has a bicameral legislature with the lower house being democratically elected using proportional representation while the upper house is indirectly elected by the regional upper houses who in turn are indirectly elected by the regional lower houses who in turn are democratically elected using proportional election. Elections happen every four years with the leader of the ruling party becoming Prime Minister whose executive powers are invested to them by the monarch.

The monarch has reserve powers and can declare a royal dictatorship in the event of an extreme crisis with the expectation that the monarch will relinquish power back to the parliament after said crisis is done. The monarch is elected using an instant runoff vote and is elected for life or until they abdicate. Candidates for the monarch are limited to the descendants of the first monarch, and they can opt-out if they wish.

[Dallona]

We're a representative republic. Representatives are elected to the Assembly by the people. Representatives then elect the Chair, who has sole authority to appoint/dismiss the Lead Representatives & open/close the Assembly from among their members. The Chair then appoints the leader(s) of the largest party in the Assembly to the office of Lead Representative, the leader(s) of the executive branch.

[Cisairse]

Cisairse is a unitary bicameral parliamentary republic.

The head of state is the President, and the head of government is the Chancellor, who presides over the lower house (Conclave) of the Cisairse Parliament.

[Ko-oren]

We have four branches:
- Legislative branch
- Auditory branch
- Judicial branch
- Executive branch

The Legislative branch consists of the ministries, a meritocratic system. The Auditory branch is the parliament, which consists of 144 seats and can accept or reject laws and budgets, and is in charge of keeping the meritocracy in check.

Parliament is not that powerful, the focus is on the meritocracy.

[Spaincio]

We have a Senate but also give our president more power than USA

[Lillorainen]

Lillorainen practices its unique political system, called Federative National Meritocracy. The executive branch consists of the President and his/her ministers; the legislative branch consists of two parliament chambers on national/federal level. The judicial branch consists of the Federal Supreme Court, as well as several other independent Federal Courts.
The two parliament chambers are the Meritocratic Council and the Chamber of States - the former being a 'self-appointing' legislature admitting its members after a thorough examination process, where applicants get tested on their expert knowledge on various fields as well as personal merits on behalf of the Lillorainian society. The Chamber of States, on the other hand, is a representative chamber consisting of partially democratically elected and partially appointed Members of the State Governments. Both chambers have legislative initiative, and both also have to approve any proposal prior to it becoming a law. The Meritocratic Council also requires membership of the Meritocratic Unity Party of the Federation of Lillorainen (MUPFL), whereas Members of the Chamber of States may be independent.
The President is appointed by the Meritocratic Council, which he/she necessarily has no be a member of, and approved by the Chamber of States. He/she also appoints the Ministers, who have to be Members of the Meritocratic Council as well. Together, they form the executive branch; however, the President has to approve and sign any law made by the parliament chambers, and also has legislative initiative (should seem logical, given he/she must be a MMC). The President is also Supreme Commander of the Federal Armed Forces. He/she cannot declare a state of emergency on their own without parliamentary approval, unless the Meritocratic Council and the Chamber of States are unable to operate.
The judicial branch is headed by the Federal Supreme Court, consisting of judges appointed by MC and CoS (however, like all judges, they have to be independent, which, in other courts, is ensured by barring judges from having any history of political activity, including Party membership, whereas for the FSC, it's sufficient to not be holding a political office by the time of appointment). They can repeal any legislation they consider unconstitutional, and also have the power to rollback court decisions by lower courts in such a case. They also solve legal disputes between the Federation and state governments. Other Federal Courts are assigned specific branches (FC of Administration, FC of Labor, FC of Commerce, Federal Military Court etc.).
Similar structures may exist in the 14 States of Lillorainen; however, it varies from state to state. For the prevention of conflicts between federal and state governments, there is a Federal Ministry of Affairs of the Chamber of States for mediation.

[Tinhampton]

Tinhampton is a constitutional multiparty republic with three major parties and a load of minor parties, none of which have ever won an outright majority of seats in the city's Assembly (149 elected through closed-list PR). The Mayor is both head of state and head of government.

[Socialist European Republics]

We are a Semi-Presidential Parliamentary Socialist Federal Republic.
Our President in directly elected every 10 years, with a mid term referendum to determine whether his government is still suitable. If the referendum returns in the Presidents favor then he will serve the rest of his term, if not then a new election will be called.
The President Appoints the General Secretary, who is equivalent to the Russian Prime Minister.
The Legislature, the Congressional Council, is split into 3 houses; State Council, Council of the Republics and the Council of the People. The State Council is much like a senate, while the Council of the People is the lower house. The Council of the Republics is the middle house and is not elected by the people, but rather members of the CoR are nominated by the governments of the Republics to represent their interests.
The legislature is ultimately more powerful than anything else in the country, with the power to remove or replace any member of government.
The political system is a moderately free system, allowing for a multi party system with completely independent opposition parties, however, parties on the right of the political spectrum are prohibited by law.

[Eikotomi]

Eikotomi is a constitutional monarchy with a representative democratically-elected legislature.

The National Diet has a term lasting 5 years though early elections can be called. Parties are allocated seats based on a mixed system of FPTP for constitutional seats as well as a Party List system that runs by prefecture.

The Prime Minister is chosen by members of the House of Representatives who nominate and confirm the particular Representative as the PM. This honour is usually given to the leader of the largest party in the House though in odd circumstances differences may occur, such as in 1992 where the LDP-allied smaller party known at the time as the Royalist Party was given the position of Prime Minister.

The House of Councillors is also elected in 5 year terms in line with the House of Representatives.

The Monarch largely holds a ceremonial position though he is responsible for approving laws passed by the Diet, and is also able to veto laws he views to be incompatible with the country and its vision.

The political system is transparent with donations to parties made public, though the LDP remains the dominant party in the country, serving as the governing party in all but 3 years since 1955. The LDP's name of "Liberal Democratic" stems from its belief in democracy and an economically liberal society, and understandably the name has caused confusion outside of Eikotomi due to the LDP being the largest conservative force in the country.

[DeVare]

DeVare is a federal parliamentary republic

[Wochaystein]

It's a constitutional empire. The closest analog will be Japan.

[-San Cristobal-]

The Republic of San Cristobal is a unitary parliamentary republic. The head of government is the Prime Minister, the head of state is the President of the Republic, and the legislature is Parliament, which is divided into the House of Commons and the Senate.

The House of Commons has the most power, as they appoint the Prime Minister (the leader of the largest party in the Commons), create and pass legislation and the annual government, can create amendments to the Constitution, and can call for a motion of no-confidence.

The Senate, conversely, only has the limited power to veto legislation which has passed the Commons and is therefore intended as a check on the lower chamber.

HOWEVER certain acts require the consent of both chambers of Parliament. Under the current laws, the follow actions require a majority vote in both the Commons and the Senate:
- the affirmation of the Prime Minister's Cabinet and selection for the President of the Republic
- the passing of a proposed constitutional amendment
- the passing of a motion of no-confidence
- declaring war against another sovereign state

[Republica Federal de Catalunya]

Semipresidentialist Republic. The President is elected in Parliamentary elections for a 4 years term. There is a double round. Unless in the first election the winning party has 50%+1 seats or +40% direct vote.
In another case there is another election between the 3 most voted candidates.

The winning candidate has to get qualified majority in the first votation or simple in second votation in the Parliament. If the winning candidate cannot obtain enough supports after second round if another canditate has enough votes to win in simple votation becomes President. The President Chooses the Prime Minister and they choose the Cabinet. In generally the President has role as head of state and the Premier as the head of Government.

[New-Bornholm]

New Bornholm is a unitary parliamentary republic, with a President and a Prime Minister. The President is directly chosen by voters in a two-round election, and serves for a six-year term. He or she is the commander-in-chief of the New Bornholm Defence Forces, and has the power to dissolve Parliament and appoint the Prime Minister. Beyond this, the position of President is mostly ceremonial.

The Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Assembly and the Senate. The House of Assembly is the lower house, and is elected every four years (or less than four years if a snap election is called) using the STV method. Usually, no party wins enough seats to form a majority government, so coalitions are the norm. The member who is deemed most capable of commanding the confidence of the House is appointed by the President to serve as Prime Minister. Both the Prime Minister and his or her cabinet must be approved by the House. The cabinet are responsible for most of the day-to-day running of the country. The Senate is the upper house; its members are appointed by the President, and serve for life, or until they retire. The main responsibility of the Senate is to scrutinise legislation passed by the House. They do not have the power to veto bills, but can send them back to the House to be amended. Once passed by the Senate, a bill becomes an Act of Parliament after it has received presidential assent. In practice, a President has never withheld assent for a law, as this would be extremely controversial. If this were to happen, the President could be overruled by a 2/3 majority in Parliament.

[A Great King]

Kingdom. The King has complete and total power to do as he pleases. There's no parliment or government, just a representative representing different constiuencies and states. They appeal to the king if they want something changed, but they have to be careful as he has been known to order executions if he found an idea offensive.

[Diopolis]

It's complicated, but we officially don't have a government. Unofficially, senior nobles, military officers, clergy, businessmen, and high ranking bureaucrats in tax-funded NGO's make up a council with the military serving the executive role.

[Dominioan]

Semi-Presidential Representative Republic.


Head of State: King/Queen, currently King George Narnius XVI

Prime Minister-Executive

Parliament-Legislative

The Hegemonic Court of Dominioan-Judicial

The Monarch is the Head of State, the eldest child of the former monarch. They are but a figurehead, having no real power except being the person who represents the nation, and selecting half of the Ministers. The real power is in the PM. The Prime Minister (elected by national popular vote), who can dismisses Ministers and heads government. The PM also selects the Hegemons (justices of the Court). They have the supreme executive power. They also lead Parliament, and are advised by the King and Council. They have this Council, the group of Ministers which advises and heads departments. Half of them are elected by the Commons, while the other half are selected by the King. The Parliament has legislative power, and is the most powerful branch. It is divided into two houses, the Commons (parliamentary district, lower house) and the Senate (province, upper house). The Commons can propose bills and elect the Prime Minister, while the Senate can approve or veto them and make committees. The Senate and the Commons must both agree to impeach the PM however. The judicial power is rested in the Hegemonic Court, the highest court in the nation. Selected by PM, they can determine if laws are unconstitutional, and remove them entirely. They also handle cases of leaders from toppled regimes or cases that are deemed fit for their time.

Elections:

Parliament
-Senate: 2 years, last 2020
-Commons: 2 years, last 2020

Prime Minister
-Every 4 years, last 2016

[Hobbes Dystopia]

Hobbesian Totalitarian Epistocracy. Basically, only people with a certain degree of education and knowledge can vote. How, their vote changes nothing, as the AI in power acts as an omnipresent deep state. The Science Court serves as a parliament where only the brightest minds will have a seat. It is kind of weird. See the overview Factbook for a better explanation.

[Champagne Socialist Sharifistan]

An absolute monarchy (but soon to be a constitutional one) ruled by Prince-Regent Khalid Suleiman Khan and with a bicameral parliament that has a democratic house and an aristocratic one.

[Steampunk France]

A constitutional monarchy, with a complex system of checks and balances, demonstrated by the diagram below.



The system is based on democratic ideals but with a strong aristocratic and authoritarian element which regulates and checks the elected bodies. The Emperor appoints judges on the advice of the Senate from the list of qualified individuals prepared by the departmental and communal electoral colleges. Whilst power is shared between the executive, judicial and legislative branches, it is the executive which dominates, the constitution being fashioned to deliberately facilitate the political intervention of the Emperor.

[Talatorrum]

Talatorrum is an absolutist imperial thearchy with hereditary succession. The land is comprised of different states which are ruled by Magathor, his sons and his descending family. Magathor's sons have differing levels of authority over each other based off of their rank of succession with the eldest being only second to Magathor and the youngest being the least powerful of the divine lineage.

[Free Stalliongrad]

Free Stalliongrad is a Communist Republic. Its "parliament" is the Supreme Soviet and it is unicameral. It is made up of 250 deputies called Members of the Soviet or simply Soviets. To become a member of the Soviet one must be at least 25 years old and registered with the Stalliongradian Communist Party, after which the candidacy will be approved or denied by the others by majority (it is more likely that ponies with high merits are nominated than ordinary ponies). Same procedure for a possible dismissal.
Each Member has the right to speak which he can use to propose, discuss, approve or disapprove laws or resolutions in progress. When it comes to the vote, the proposal that will reach the majority will become law.
Each assembly is chaired by the General Secretary, Head of State, Government and Party, who has the duty to regulate discussions within the Soviet. In his absence, a member of the Soviet is elected by lot at each meeting.
The General Secretary can also propose laws and discuss them. War decisions and resolutions to serious crises are an exception, since they can be issued by the General Secretary without going through the Supreme Soviet.
A General Secretary governs for life unless dismissed by the Supreme Soviet. But to get to this solution you need to reach 2/3 of the votes, which is quite difficult to obtain.

[The Third Duloch]

The Third Duloch is a Fascist Totalitarian National Feudalist De jure One-Party Police State under an Orwellian Theocratic Hierarchal Feudal Absolute Monarchy.

There is no political opposition, as society is divided into a feudalist hierarchy with undesirables at the bottom and The Fuhrquaad(supreme eternal king) at the very top. The Church of Duloch(A Feudalist Totalitarian Medieval Identitarian Religious Movement which is so extreme that they view Salafists as SJW progressive degenerates) is the state religion of the monarchic regime and is very high up the hierarchy with its leaders playing major parts in how society is governed. The Party members(advisors and political officials who are subordinate to Fuhrquaad are high up as well, along with businessmen and landlords. There is no room for opposition as the NazFeud has taken over society and turned itself into a social class, like Ingsoc. Totalitarian control over every single aspect of every second of life takes place since no one is safe from the Eyes of the Fuhrquaad. The position of Fuhrquaad us hereditary, but Fuhrquaad has yet to find a queen to have an heir since he is just so evil.

[The Union of British North America]

The North American Union is a federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy. It's a bit more like a confederation than the real life USA.

The All-Union General Assembly consists of the Grand Council, the General Council of State, and the Crown. The Grand Council is really the only chamber that can propose laws but the General Council of State, an advisory council to the President-General also gets to review bills and recommend to the President-General whether to approve or not (but it does have granted delaying powers for money bills of up to 3 months and all other bills up to one year). The Westminster system is how Ministers and the Prime Minister are legitimized by the Grand Council. The Grand Council has digressive proportionality for distributing seats among the provinces and indigenous federalized protectorates (IFPs). For the General Council of State, each province/IFP gets two seats, which are selected by province-wide advisory elections that have effectively evolved to direct elections. Members of the Grand Council get 4-terms renewable and Members of the General Council of State have 8-year terms with one-forth up for renewal every two years.

The Crown is the linchpin of the constitutional order, and nominal head of the executive. The Prime Minister and Cabinet is the effective leader of the executive. The President-General is the representative of the Crown in the NAU and the effective head of state of the NAU. The General Court of Appeal of America is the supreme court of the NAU, unless certain matters are given leave by said court to be heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London.

There are 51 provinces in the Union along with 5 indigenous federalized protectorates (for all intents and purposes just as autonomous as a province and have more autonomy in domestic affairs), and many provincial native land grants (more integrated with the province and thus subject to more provincial laws). The latter two are in the Union by treaties (general treaties which cover all land grants and IFPs, or particular treaties which are between the general government and the native land grant in question), leading the development of a 'treaty federalism' in the NAU and making it another order of government. Provincial native land grants get their own Member of the Grand Council by custom but is treated as a part of the provincial Grand Council delegation. The 51 provinces are tied to the general government by the Crown.

Provinces and the IFPs have quite a lot of power; they can refuse to commit provincial forces or have their provincial forces federalized by the general government for practically any reason, and can refuse general model laws on matters impacting private law contracts and transactions, giving strong protections for intra-provincial trade regulation in favor of the provinces. But the general government can influence provinces to do certain things through fiscal federalism.

[Qassadia]

The Holy Kingdom of Cassadia is an absolute hereditary monarchy. Obviously that means that the head of state retains most legislative and executive powers, however, those can often be delegated to the co-head of the Royal Cabinet, which is headed by the Royal Prime-Secretary, who is responsible with overseeing the day-to-day administrative and bureaucratic affairs of the Crown-Government as well as regional and local authorities, in so as much the Monarch allows for his power to be delegated with his consent, discretion and with certain framework of guidelines under which they are to operate - as is often the case with my Head of State Empress Relena (I) Von Peacekraft.