Kilobugya wrote:Well, sure, mass tourism didn't exist centuries ago, we didn't go to the other side of the world for a few weeks and then back. But mass migration did exist - just look at how many fled UK and Ireland to come to USA. And of course all the slaves that were, unwillingly, brought from Africa to the Americas. And inside Europe we had lot of migrations too. It was a one-time journey you would make only once in your life, risky and complicated, but people did migrate.
That was a modern migration that began in 1845 as a result of the Potato Famine. Similarly, forceful movement of enslaved persons happened previously, albeit on a much greater scale in the early modern era, but still paled in comparison in many cases to what is presently occuring.
Slave ships brought as many as thirteen million enslaved Africans, largely from West Africa, to the Americas over the course of 400 years. This is equivalent to 32,500 people per year on average. The global population was 603 million. This is a movement of .005% of that population.
At least 1.1 million people immigrated to the US in 2016. The global population is 7.4 billion. This is a movement of .01% of that population, and this is before we begin accounting to movements of populations to and from other countries in the Americas.
Mind you, it's an effect of the world becoming more interconnected and travel becoming much, much easier. Beyond that, slaves weren't volunteering to immigrate. A lot of them were war captives taken from their homes and families against their will. These days a decent number of immigrants are making that choice on their own.
But large-scale movements on this scale are unique to modern history to a significant degree, and so is it being an individual pursuit, often motivated by an interest in improving one's economic lot as opposed to something that was imposed by institutions, is different as well.
Forsher also illustrated another important, probably more important in many cases, aspect of this. You cannot have neoliberalism without the large-scale migration of populations since neoliberalism is defined as much by this as it is defined by the large-scale movement of goods and services across international borders.
I don't think it's too excessive to state that neoliberalism and globalization are forces for this sort of migration in the same way that urbanization and industrialization were, albeit on a more local level, in the 1700s and 1800s.