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APA declares traditional masculinity pathological

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The Blaatschapen
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Postby The Blaatschapen » Mon Jan 14, 2019 2:52 am

Achidyemay wrote:
Scomagia wrote:The purpose behind the "masculine/feminine tags" is that, although individuals of both sexes can manifest a variety of behaviors, some behaviors are more likely to be found among more members of one sex. Take aggression, for example; while some women are more aggressive than some men, mere observation will tell you that most men are more aggressive than most women. There are physiological reasons for this, namely testosterone and other androgens. So, because aggression is more positively correlated with men, it is useful to describe it as "masculine". That doesn't mean socio-cultural influences don't exist. That's not a claim I'd find credible.

Again, this leads me to a glaring problem with the article, which is that the socio-cultural influences are presented while the biological influences are not. In fact, you can search the text of the paper and find that there are zero references to testosterone, even in the parts of the paper which specifically address aggression and competition, despite the well known effect that testosterone has on both of those behaviors. What use is a guideline for care providers that presents such an obviously one-sided, social constructionist approach?

It's true that the paper doesn't force psychologists to treat in a specific way. However, it is a guideline. That is to say that it is a strong suggestion of how to practice. It certainly will influence the practice of some psychologists to the detriment of some men.


You may be putting the cart before the court a bit more than you realize. Personally, I've never noticed a particular disparity between men and women when it comes to aggression, and there was a statistic I was looking for that showed that half of all domestic arguments are initiated by the woman. But what I found instead was a study that put women in positions of power and they found that versus a control their testosterone levels rose. Basically, whenever culture puts someone in a competitive position of power, humans find it in their best interest to secrete testosterone. This makes sense, testosterone is good for situations involving aggression and competition.
(Van Anders, S., Steiger, J., & Goldey, K. (2015). Effects of gendered behavior on testosterone in women and men. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(45), 13805-13810.)

Liriena wrote:As the post-modern asshole that I am, I'd of course argue that psychology has always been political... but yeah. It's one thing for an emancipatory political movement to try to inject some awareness of long-overlooked intricacies of psychosocial issues into the discipline with the purpose of making therapy more effective at improving the mental health of patients and helping them relieve themselves of deeply ingrained preconceptions that are harmful to others and to themselves. It's another to try to inject that awareness with the explicit intent to turn therapy into an ideological battlefield where the patient is a passive target to be transformed rather than an active agent seeking personal improvement.


Given how many words were in the guide, I don't think it has a problem accomplishing both.

Ostroeuropa wrote:"It is that the individual has within himself or herself vast resources for self-understanding, for altering his or her self-concept, attitudes and self-directed behavior - and that these resources can be tapped if only a definable climate of facilitative psychological attitudes can be provided" (1980, p.115-117).

V

" When working with boys and men, psychologists can address issues of privilege and power related to sexism in a developmentally appropriate way to help them obtain the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to be effective allies "

"Obtain the attitudes" is a statement of gross ethical misconduct from a psychologist. You know how you need years of therapy to ensure your biases don't pollute your clients?

well, apparently, we should just straight up ban feminists from participating it seems.

You are not supposed to do anything but to assist your client self-actualize according to their own ethical standards and belief system. Anything else is malpractice. I would support a patient suing any of these feminist psychologists they second they pulled this shit.


This is probably the most damning argument brought against the guide. I dig the APA citations.


(emphasis added)

Assuming that the statistic was measured in monogamous heterosexual relationships, this is hardly surprising.
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Postby Western Vale Confederacy » Mon Jan 14, 2019 2:52 am

Dumb Ideologies wrote:Psst, Ostro, I know you're right. I'm merely playing the long game of respectably hiding among their midst with scrupulously reasonable posts, gradually opening their eyes before shoving in the red pi-, okay that metaphor didn't work.

edit: OH NO I POSTED THIS RATHER THAN SENDING BY TG, I'VE BEEN EXPOSED.


About as credible as the Mueller report, not gonna lie.

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Postby Ostroeuropa » Mon Jan 14, 2019 2:53 am

Dumb Ideologies wrote:Psst, Ostro, I know you're right. I'm merely playing the long game of respectably hiding among their midst with scrupulously reasonable posts, gradually opening their eyes before shoving in the red pi-, okay that metaphor didn't work.

edit: OH NO I POSTED THIS RATHER THAN SENDING BY TG, I'VE BEEN EXPOSED.


Oh no. Now we cannot debate and cause the center ground to be between our views. This is terrible
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There is an out of control trolley speeding towards Jeremy Bentham, who is tied to the track. You can pull the lever to cause the trolley to switch tracks, but on the other track is Immanuel Kant. Bentham is clutching the only copy in the universe of The Critique of Pure Reason. Kant is clutching the only copy in the universe of The Principles of Moral Legislation. Both men are shouting at you that they have recently started to reconsider their ethical stances.

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Postby Blueflarst » Mon Jan 14, 2019 3:15 am

Tahar Joblis wrote:This hit the fan a few days ago, but strangely, I don't see any threads on it.

The APA recently released a new set of clinical guidelines for psychologists, in particular focused on men and boys. (For reference, a similar set of guidelines for women and girls was first issued eleven years ago.)

These guidelines talk about negative outcomes for men and (particularly unusually in a document intended to provide guidance for treating men and boys) talk about ways in which men and boys may negatively impact the lives of others around them. The guidelines controversially identify "traditional masculinity" (or, in some later parts of the text, simply "masculinity") as the source of all the problems particular to men, and do so while citing highly questionable research.

Guidelines include numerous assertions about what sort of psychological "science" - or more correctly, gender ideology wrapped in a scientific veneer - clinical psychologists should believe in.
  1. Clinical psychologists should be social constructivists.
  2. Clinical psychologists should be intersectionalists.
  3. Clinical psychologists should buy into the importance of microaggressions.
  4. Clinical psychologists should believe in male privilege.
  5. Clinical psychologists should be trying to push for change "institutional, cultural, and systemic" level.

Summary of problems from one expert insider who pointed out the problems with this in the draft version: https://www.scribd.com/document/3853476 ... n-and-Boys
From one Psychology Today writer: https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1083 ... 67137.html

The short version: This is bad science and essentially an entirely ideological document that will, if embraced by practitioners, continue to drive men away from seeking help for psychological problems and fail to cause them help. It's driven by a political agenda, a clear attempt to conscript clinical psychologists into being soldiers of cultural change - a role that is at odds with providing effective therapy to men and boys.

For a pointed example on the quality of the science, microaggression research is extremely weak from a scientific perspective.

This is not to say that 100% of the document is bad, but what we have here is something that has more to do with feminist ideology than with either psychological research or good clinical practice.


Tha ideology is corrupt and they now want to corrupt the psicology as science if they corrupt the studies of the soul people will not care about having it and they will more easily be corrupted and will merge with others in impure sexuality acts without knowing they are merging their souls with theeir 'companions
Such an example of how the gender ideology is like boubonic plague
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Postby Vassenor » Mon Jan 14, 2019 3:29 am

Blueflarst wrote:
Tahar Joblis wrote:This hit the fan a few days ago, but strangely, I don't see any threads on it.

The APA recently released a new set of clinical guidelines for psychologists, in particular focused on men and boys. (For reference, a similar set of guidelines for women and girls was first issued eleven years ago.)

These guidelines talk about negative outcomes for men and (particularly unusually in a document intended to provide guidance for treating men and boys) talk about ways in which men and boys may negatively impact the lives of others around them. The guidelines controversially identify "traditional masculinity" (or, in some later parts of the text, simply "masculinity") as the source of all the problems particular to men, and do so while citing highly questionable research.

Guidelines include numerous assertions about what sort of psychological "science" - or more correctly, gender ideology wrapped in a scientific veneer - clinical psychologists should believe in.
  1. Clinical psychologists should be social constructivists.
  2. Clinical psychologists should be intersectionalists.
  3. Clinical psychologists should buy into the importance of microaggressions.
  4. Clinical psychologists should believe in male privilege.
  5. Clinical psychologists should be trying to push for change "institutional, cultural, and systemic" level.

Summary of problems from one expert insider who pointed out the problems with this in the draft version: https://www.scribd.com/document/3853476 ... n-and-Boys
From one Psychology Today writer: https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1083 ... 67137.html

The short version: This is bad science and essentially an entirely ideological document that will, if embraced by practitioners, continue to drive men away from seeking help for psychological problems and fail to cause them help. It's driven by a political agenda, a clear attempt to conscript clinical psychologists into being soldiers of cultural change - a role that is at odds with providing effective therapy to men and boys.

For a pointed example on the quality of the science, microaggression research is extremely weak from a scientific perspective.

This is not to say that 100% of the document is bad, but what we have here is something that has more to do with feminist ideology than with either psychological research or good clinical practice.


Tha ideology is corrupt and they now want to corrupt the psicology as science if they corrupt the studies of the soul people will not care about having it and they will more easily be corrupted and will merge with others in impure sexuality acts without knowing they are merging their souls with theeir 'companions
Such an example of how the gender ideology is like boubonic plague


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Nolo gap
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Postby Nolo gap » Mon Jan 14, 2019 3:40 am

male of female, gay or streight, ALL gender roles are the lamest excuses for thoughtlessness ever invented, and not a damd thing else.

of course that's just my purrsonal opiniation, but what is there to prove about it, or disprove, and how in the heck would you go about doing so?

other then, not sure how to design the experiment, but obvious thing is to compare levels of harm caused with and without,
the non-obvious thing though is defining levels of harm.

but i think that can be durived from how pleasent/unpleasent the resulting world is/would be, to live in.

anyway, there are many places where logic IS preferable to emotion, and this is one of them.

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Postby Regal Georgia » Mon Jan 14, 2019 6:25 am

Nolo gap wrote:male of female, gay or streight, ALL gender roles are the lamest excuses for thoughtlessness ever invented, and not a damd thing else.

of course that's just my purrsonal opiniation, but what is there to prove about it, or disprove, and how in the heck would you go about doing so?

other then, not sure how to design the experiment, but obvious thing is to compare levels of harm caused with and without,
the non-obvious thing though is defining levels of harm.

but i think that can be durived from how pleasent/unpleasent the resulting world is/would be, to live in.

anyway, there are many places where logic IS preferable to emotion, and this is one of them.

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Postby West Leas Oros 2 » Mon Jan 14, 2019 8:40 am

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Postby New haven america » Tue Jan 15, 2019 5:16 pm

Nolo gap wrote:male of female, gay or streight, ALL gender roles are the lamest excuses for thoughtlessness ever invented, and not a damd thing else.

of course that's just my purrsonal opiniation, but what is there to prove about it, or disprove, and how in the heck would you go about doing so?

other then, not sure how to design the experiment, but obvious thing is to compare levels of harm caused with and without,
the non-obvious thing though is defining levels of harm.

but i think that can be durived from how pleasent/unpleasent the resulting world is/would be, to live in.

anyway, there are many places where logic IS preferable to emotion, and this is one of them.

Most LGBT relationships actually don't involve gender roles and a lot of LGBT are baffled at why straight people have them.
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Postby Kombinita Socialisma Demokratio » Wed Jan 16, 2019 8:57 pm

If someone tries to change mannerisms to represent a stereotype or ideal regardless of anything, then there is a risk of it being harmful to them and others, if it is not already harmful.
Some other (oftentimes/usually/sometimes) harmful mindsets, such as the incel culture and trying to be macho, seem to have a correlation with what society considers masculine (both biological and societal constructs), although that correlation does not necessarily imply that one causes the other. Both of those examples are at the very least potentially unhealthy mentally, emotionally, or physically for the people involved, and some extreme interpretations of the later are manifested quite dangerously in some individuals (not necessarily all of them, but those who it is dangerously manifested are more memorable to me).
An example of something that society may consider masculine and can also be either helpful or harmful is determination/competitiveness (particularly in instances where it requires much straining). Yes, the determination can be quite helpful in survival, but its other side is quite harmful when people cannot not try to do a dare (such as one involving a dangerous activity, like the knife game) or cannot stop trying to lift something until they pop a hernia.
The parts of masculinity constructed by society should at the very least not be encouraged/discouraged for a certain gender more, and should be encouraged regardless for the both non-harmful and helpful parts, and should be heavily discouraged for the dangerous parts. People should not feel encouraged or discouraged to do something simply because society considers it feminine or masculine, because society's opinion of femininity/masculinity of an activity in and of itself does not determine whether or not something is kind, safe, wise, harmful, or dangerous.

Aggression, which is apparently associated to masculinity by society, should not be associated to masculinity, because it is always bad for all involved. Subgroups of society which promote masculinity often also encourage aggression instead of empathy, humility, kindness, and being tender/kind hearted, all of which are far more noble values to promote.

The widespread belief that being a 'softie' is bad and unmasculine is horrible and surely discourages many from being better people. Society should not discourage anyone from being a 'softie', and definitely should not consider it an insult instead of a complement. The same goes for showing mercy/empathy, thinking through the dangers of that 'cool' dare, and being the better person by refusing to fight; all of these things are considered unmasculine by society, and that discourages them, which is a true pity.
Last edited by Kombinita Socialisma Demokratio on Thu Jan 17, 2019 8:15 pm, edited 2 times in total.
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Postby Arlenton » Wed Jan 16, 2019 9:07 pm

Well shit I guess doing guy stuff like shooting stuff, camping, fishing, working out, and banging hot Asian women make me psychotic. Gimme the pills doc.

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Postby Ostroeuropa » Thu Jan 17, 2019 11:28 pm

Harvard is now facing a title 9 lawsuit over their relation to the APA, their counselling services operating by APA guidelines, and their textbooks being selected by APA and so on and so on. The basis of the lawsuit is over these guidelines.

If successful, it will mean universities will be forced to sever ties with the APA, which would effectively kill the organization.
Last edited by Ostroeuropa on Thu Jan 17, 2019 11:28 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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There is an out of control trolley speeding towards Jeremy Bentham, who is tied to the track. You can pull the lever to cause the trolley to switch tracks, but on the other track is Immanuel Kant. Bentham is clutching the only copy in the universe of The Critique of Pure Reason. Kant is clutching the only copy in the universe of The Principles of Moral Legislation. Both men are shouting at you that they have recently started to reconsider their ethical stances.

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Postby The Lone Alliance » Thu Jan 17, 2019 11:36 pm

They're just trying to create maximum job security.

If everyone is fucked in the head according to them then everyone needs to give them money!
Last edited by The Lone Alliance on Thu Jan 17, 2019 11:38 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Postby Western Vale Confederacy » Thu Jan 17, 2019 11:51 pm

The Lone Alliance wrote:They're just trying to create maximum job security.

If everyone is fucked in the head according to them then everyone needs to give them money!


Thing is, isn't everybody fucked in the head one way or the other?

There is no standard for what exactly constitutes a supposedly "normal" mental state.

For all we know, the schizos could be the wokest of us all.

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Postby Ostroeuropa » Thu Jan 17, 2019 11:57 pm

Western Vale Confederacy wrote:
The Lone Alliance wrote:They're just trying to create maximum job security.

If everyone is fucked in the head according to them then everyone needs to give them money!


Thing is, isn't everybody fucked in the head one way or the other?

There is no standard for what exactly constitutes a supposedly "normal" mental state.

For all we know, the schizos could be the wokest of us all.


The humanistic psychology standard comes pretty close though it can lead to some absurdities like proclaiming a murdering psychopath is perfectly healthy because they have good self-actualization and a lack of cognitive dissonance and so on. Their "Needs" are fulfilled, they don't suffer from anxiety or poor self-esteem or a self-image problem, and so on.

Probably best to approach it with a combination of biomedical and humanistic imo.

If we can literally see how your brain is broken by scanning it, you're not well. Otherwise, humanism, boost self-actualization and let the person do as they please without condemning odd behavior, beliefs, or ideas.
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There is an out of control trolley speeding towards Jeremy Bentham, who is tied to the track. You can pull the lever to cause the trolley to switch tracks, but on the other track is Immanuel Kant. Bentham is clutching the only copy in the universe of The Critique of Pure Reason. Kant is clutching the only copy in the universe of The Principles of Moral Legislation. Both men are shouting at you that they have recently started to reconsider their ethical stances.

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Postby Galloism » Fri Jan 18, 2019 12:03 am

Ostroeuropa wrote:Harvard is now facing a title 9 lawsuit over their relation to the APA, their counselling services operating by APA guidelines, and their textbooks being selected by APA and so on and so on. The basis of the lawsuit is over these guidelines.

If successful, it will mean universities will be forced to sever ties with the APA, which would effectively kill the organization.

I wonder what would happen if APA guidelines were ruled to violate Title IX. The APA would be stuck between a rock and a hard place - either give up access to universities or piss off their constituents main customers.
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Postby Ostroeuropa » Fri Jan 18, 2019 12:06 am

Galloism wrote:
Ostroeuropa wrote:Harvard is now facing a title 9 lawsuit over their relation to the APA, their counselling services operating by APA guidelines, and their textbooks being selected by APA and so on and so on. The basis of the lawsuit is over these guidelines.

If successful, it will mean universities will be forced to sever ties with the APA, which would effectively kill the organization.

I wonder what would happen if APA guidelines were ruled to violate Title IX. The APA would be stuck between a rock and a hard place - either give up access to universities or piss off their constituents main customers.


They would probably repeal or ammend them immediately if it looked like they might lose the case frankly.
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There is an out of control trolley speeding towards Jeremy Bentham, who is tied to the track. You can pull the lever to cause the trolley to switch tracks, but on the other track is Immanuel Kant. Bentham is clutching the only copy in the universe of The Critique of Pure Reason. Kant is clutching the only copy in the universe of The Principles of Moral Legislation. Both men are shouting at you that they have recently started to reconsider their ethical stances.

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Postby Tahar Joblis » Fri Jan 18, 2019 8:01 am

Ostroeuropa wrote:Harvard is now facing a title 9 lawsuit over their relation to the APA, their counselling services operating by APA guidelines, and their textbooks being selected by APA and so on and so on. The basis of the lawsuit is over these guidelines.

If successful, it will mean universities will be forced to sever ties with the APA, which would effectively kill the organization.

Text of the filing. (The actual filing is only 9 pages; the rest is an appendix of the APA guidelines attached as evidence.)

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Postby Ostroeuropa » Fri Jan 18, 2019 8:11 am

Tahar Joblis wrote:
Ostroeuropa wrote:Harvard is now facing a title 9 lawsuit over their relation to the APA, their counselling services operating by APA guidelines, and their textbooks being selected by APA and so on and so on. The basis of the lawsuit is over these guidelines.

If successful, it will mean universities will be forced to sever ties with the APA, which would effectively kill the organization.

Text of the filing. (The actual filing is only 9 pages; the rest is an appendix of the APA guidelines attached as evidence.)


Pretty strong case tbh, especially since this is an explicit part of the dear colleague letter;

This includes situations in which “students are harassed for exhibiting what is
"perceived as a stereotypical characteristic for their sex"

And coupled with;

The Supreme Court prohibits gender discrimination against men. In
Craig v. Boren
, the Supreme Court criticized the use of sex in a statute that prohibited vendors from denying only to males the option to purchase a higher alcohol content beer.
38
The Court found the statute’s reliance on “broad sociological propositions by statistics … a dubious business, and one that inevitably is in tension with the normative philosophy that underlies the Equal Protection Clause.”
39


Basically; "Feminist laws are unconstitutional" pretty much.

The Sixth Circuit of Appeals has clarified that unlawful anti-male bias can be inferred when the overwhelming majority of the impacted parties are male.


Something many feminists and progressives should take to heart, though their ideology is explicitly about rationalizing why this isn't the case.
Ostro.MOV

There is an out of control trolley speeding towards Jeremy Bentham, who is tied to the track. You can pull the lever to cause the trolley to switch tracks, but on the other track is Immanuel Kant. Bentham is clutching the only copy in the universe of The Critique of Pure Reason. Kant is clutching the only copy in the universe of The Principles of Moral Legislation. Both men are shouting at you that they have recently started to reconsider their ethical stances.

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Postby Liriena » Fri Jan 18, 2019 8:15 am

Tahar Joblis wrote:
Ostroeuropa wrote:Harvard is now facing a title 9 lawsuit over their relation to the APA, their counselling services operating by APA guidelines, and their textbooks being selected by APA and so on and so on. The basis of the lawsuit is over these guidelines.

If successful, it will mean universities will be forced to sever ties with the APA, which would effectively kill the organization.

Text of the filing. (The actual filing is only 9 pages; the rest is an appendix of the APA guidelines attached as evidence.)

The first few paragraphs are an MRA manifesto about shit that has nothing to do with the APA. I love it.

"NO WAGE GAP" lmao

Also, the document lies in the first paragraph of its complaint???

The American Psychology Association has recently proclaimed that masculinity is a form of (or a driving factor for) mental illness.
29


What the APA actually said was that traditional masculinity was psychologically harmful. Very curious that the authors of this glossed over that key adjective. Which raises the question: are the MRAs behind this filing reactionaries trying to sneak their traditionalism past the radar? Or maybe they're just terrible readers? ;)
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Postby Liriena » Fri Jan 18, 2019 8:17 am

Liriena wrote:
Tahar Joblis wrote:Text of the filing. (The actual filing is only 9 pages; the rest is an appendix of the APA guidelines attached as evidence.)

The first few paragraphs are an MRA manifesto about shit that has nothing to do with the APA. I love it.

"NO WAGE GAP" lmao

Also, the document lies in the first paragraph of its complaint???

The American Psychology Association has recently proclaimed that masculinity is a form of (or a driving factor for) mental illness.
29


What the APA actually said was that traditional masculinity was psychologically harmful. Very curious that the authors of this glossed over that key adjective. Which raises the question: are the MRAs behind this filing reactionaries trying to sneak their traditionalism past the radar? Or maybe they're just terrible readers? ;)

And the source they cite has the receipts for it too:

The main thrust of the subsequent research is that traditional masculinity—marked by stoicism, competitiveness, dominance and aggression—is, on the whole, harmful. Men socialized in this way are less likely to engage in healthy behaviors. For example, a 2011 study led by Kristen Springer, PhD, of Rutgers University, found that men with the strongest beliefs about masculinity were only half as likely as men with more moderate masculine beliefs to get preventive health care (Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 52, No. 2). And in 2007, researchers led by James Mahalik, PhD, of Boston College, found that the more men conformed to masculine norms, the more likely they were to consider as normal risky health behaviors such as heavy drinking, using tobacco and avoiding vegetables, and to engage in these risky behaviors themselves (Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 64, No. 11).

This masculine reluctance toward self-care extends to psychological help. Research led by Omar Yousaf, PhD, found that men who bought into traditional notions of masculinity were more negative about seeking mental health services than those with more flexible gender attitudes (Psychology of Men & Masculinity, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2015).

For this reason, mental health professionals need to be aware that men are often reluctant to admit vulnerability, says Fredric Rabinowitz, PhD, a psychologist at the University of Redlands in California who has stewarded the new guidelines since 2005, when he was president of APA Div. 51 (Society for the Psychological Study of Men and Masculinities).

“Because of the way many men have been brought up—to be self-sufficient and able to take care of themselves—any sense that things aren’t OK needs to be kept secret,” Rabinowitz says. “Part of what happens is men who keep things to themselves look outward and see that no one else is sharing any of the conflicts that they feel inside. That makes them feel isolated. They think they’re alone. They think they’re weak. They think they’re not OK. They don’t realize that other men are also harboring private thoughts and private emotions and private conflicts."
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West Leas Oros 2
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Postby West Leas Oros 2 » Fri Jan 18, 2019 8:19 am

Liriena wrote:
Tahar Joblis wrote:Text of the filing. (The actual filing is only 9 pages; the rest is an appendix of the APA guidelines attached as evidence.)

The first few paragraphs are an MRA manifesto about shit that has nothing to do with the APA. I love it.

"NO WAGE GAP" lmao

1. There is no wage gap
2. Even if there was, we need to abolish wage slavery anyway.
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Postby Liriena » Fri Jan 18, 2019 8:21 am

Clinicians should also understand broader institutional issues and support educational systems responsive to the needs of men. Boys who drop out of school are more likely to be unemployed than those who get to high school or college graduation, so addressing school-related challenges early can head off lifelong problems, according to the guidelines. Mental health professionals should strive to reduce aggression and violence and to understand the precursors to substance use and suicide. They should encourage men to protect their own health. And they should offer services sensitive to the socialization that men have undergone, while fighting against homophobia, transphobia, racial bias and other types of discrimination in institutions such as the criminal justice system.

Some of this involves outreach. Efforts like the National Institute of Mental Health’s “Real Men. Real Depression” campaign can normalize help-seeking by showing tough guys struggling. When men do seek help, clinicians need to be aware that aggression and other externalizing symptoms can mask internalizing problems, Levant says. From early childhood on, boys are encouraged to push down any emotion other than anger, he says, which interrupts boys’ emotional development.

“I tell clients that oftentimes anger is a powerful emotion to cover for a more vulnerable emotion we might feel,” such as sadness or shame, Levant says.


It’s also important to encourage pro-social aspects of masculinity, says McDermott. In certain circumstances, traits like stoicism and self-sacrifice can be absolutely crucial, he says. But the same tough demeanor that might save a soldier’s life in a war zone can destroy it at home with a romantic partner or child.

“There are times when you need to be able to power through,” McDermott says. “But if you only do that, and you believe that if you don’t do that then you’re somehow less worthy as a person, that’s where you have a problem.”

The clinician’s role, McDermott says, can be to encourage men to discard the harmful ideologies of traditional masculinity (violence, sexism) and find flexibility in the potentially positive aspects (courage, leadership). He and his team are working on a positive-masculinities scale to capture peoples’ adherence to the pro-social traits expected from men, something that has yet to be measured systematically.

One important finding that McDermott and his team point to is that there’s less daylight between what’s expected of men and what’s expected of women than a glimpse at media and culture might reveal. About a third of the traits that people consider to be positive aspects of masculinity, such as sacrificing for others and having strong morals, are actually expected more from women than men when researchers ask both men and women about the trait in isolation from wider gender cues, McDermott says. Other traits, such as community leadership, charm and humor, are expected more of men than women, but not by much. The study focused solely on positive traits, so it’s not clear whether people’s expectations for bad behavior are similarly overlapping (Psychology of Men & Masculinity, online first publication, 2018).

Indeed, when researchers strip away stereotypes and expectations, there isn’t much difference in the basic behaviors of men and women. Time diary studies, for example, find that men enjoy caring for their children as much as women do. And differences in emotional displays between boys and girls are small, according to a 2013 meta-analysis (Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 139, No. 4), and not always in the stereo-typical direction. Adolescent boys, for example, actually displayed fewer externalizing emotions such as anger than did adolescent girls.

Getting that message out to men—that they’re adaptable, emotional and capable of engaging fully outside of rigid norms—is what the new guidelines are designed to do. And if psychologists can focus on supporting men in breaking free of masculinity rules that don’t help them, the effects could spread beyond just mental health for men, McDermott says. “If we can change men,” he says, “we can change the world.”
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Postby Liriena » Fri Jan 18, 2019 8:21 am

West Leas Oros 2 wrote:
Liriena wrote:The first few paragraphs are an MRA manifesto about shit that has nothing to do with the APA. I love it.

"NO WAGE GAP" lmao

1. There is no wage gap
2. Even if there was, we need to abolish wage slavery anyway.

1. Besides the point.
2. Well duh.
be gay do crime


I am:
A pansexual, pantheist, green socialist
An aspiring writer and journalist
Political compass stuff:
Economic Left/Right: -8.13
Social Libertarian/Authoritarian: -8.92
For: Grassroots democracy, workers' self-management, humanitarianism, pacifism, pluralism, environmentalism, interculturalism, indigenous rights, minority rights, LGBT+ rights, feminism, optimism
Against: Nationalism, authoritarianism, fascism, conservatism, populism, violence, ethnocentrism, racism, sexism, religious bigotry, anti-LGBT+ bigotry, death penalty, neoliberalism, tribalism,
cynicism


⚧Copy and paste this in your sig
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West Leas Oros 2
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Postby West Leas Oros 2 » Fri Jan 18, 2019 8:22 am

Liriena wrote:
West Leas Oros 2 wrote:1. There is no wage gap
2. Even if there was, we need to abolish wage slavery anyway.

1. Besides the point.
2. Well duh.

Ok, fair.
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