Chessmistress wrote:First, some thoughts:
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/201 ... t-journalsExcerpt:
Sex in hookup culture isn’t just casual, it’s aggressively slapdash, excluding not just love, but also fondness and sometimes even basic courtesy.
Hookup culture prevails, even though it serves only a minority of students, because cultures don’t reflect what is, but a specific group’s vision of what should be. The students who are most likely to qualify as enthusiasts are also more likely than other kinds of students to be affluent, able-bodied, white, conventionally attractive, heterosexual and male. These students know – whether consciously or not – that they can afford to take risks, protected by everything from social status to their parents’ pocketbooks.
Students who don’t carry these privileges, especially when they are disadvantaged in many different ways at once, are often pushed or pulled out of hooking up. One of my African American students, Jaslene, stated bluntly that hooking up isn’t “for black people”, referring specifically to a white standard of beauty for women that disadvantaged women like her in the erotic marketplace. She felt pushed out. Others pulled away. “Some of us with serious financial aid and grants,” said one of my students with an athletic scholarship, “tend to avoid high-risk situations”.
Hookup culture, then, isn’t what the majority of students want, it’s the privileging of the sexual lifestyle most strongly endorsed by those with the most power on campus, the same people we see privileged in every other part of American life.
Emphasis mine.
Also, the same author, Lisa Wade, a professor of sociology at Occidental College (and also author of the upcoming book about such issue "American Hookup: The New Culture of Sex on Campus")
http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2014 ... exism.htmlHeterosexuality in the U.S. is gendered: women are expected to attract, men are supposed to be attracted. Men want, women want to be wanted. Metaphorically, this is a predator/prey type relationship. Women are subject to the hunt whether they like it or not, so men’s attention can be pleasing, annoying, or frightening. It all depends.
So, according author Lisa Wade, the widespread problem of violence against women through rape within campuses mainly spread from a strong sense of entitlement and unlimited power among affluent, heterosexual, white males, and that have strong ties with homophobia, too. Such sense of entitlement and unlimited power can (and often do) led to a predatory behavior.
Personally I fully agree with her idea, and I also think that the implementation of "yes-means-yes" policies, taking away from such dominant class a part of their perceived power, by requiring them to submit requests for each step they want to take, and requiring them to wait for a clear affirmative answer from the woman, can be part of the solution to the problem, though still not a complete, full, solution. In other words, though I'm pretty sure that "yes-means-yes" policies will prove to be very effective, I'm not sure that such policies will completely solve the issue, and I'm not sure about how could be a further step meant to further lower the huge number of sexual assualts and, more generally, violence against women with US campuses.
What do you think NSGs?
Is heterosexual hook up culture fuelling rapes on campuses?
Whatever you think it's so, or not, what could be, according you, the best solution to widespread rapes within campuses?
On this particular OP:
While I agree that the entire power dynamic rests within the powerful people who are less prone to go to jail (for reference to the argument, I am of the idea that, in Western society, money buys you freedom, and as such, people with more money are less prone to be jailed or be found guilty of a sexual crime, or just about any crime, really, or have a harsh conviction even if found guilty, because they can afford a good attorney who will defend their case) I would say that the main problem is the large degree of protection people can buy from the consequences of their actions. Further, this is compounded by the fact that people seem to believe that just following the law or just creating more laws to narrow down the exemptions is going to help out.
I had a discussion the other day about rape culture with a friend, and the one conclusion I arrived to was that the law, as much as it attempts to protect everyone equally, it doesn't take much effort to follow the law. Following the law merely makes you a functional person in society. It generally takes to be brought up with good values beyond the law that can be applied so that things like non-consensual sex doesn't happen because yes, I do realize that, while rape is non-consensual sex, not all non-consensual sex falls within the criminal category of rape. And that is a particular issue that, as you have noticed (and I am glad you made the point) cannot be solved alone by "yes-means-yes" policy.
However, it can be solved by having better moral education in schools. Teachers are our moral guides for most of our schooling, so in that regard, I believe pedagogy should take a deeper focus at respecting one another, and for teachers to take a new role, which is that of an arbiter and judge within the classroom. Not in the manner of legal judge, but as an extension of what society expects of people how to behave. I personally believe that, if children can be taught how to respect another person's personal space, and to ask before doing anything with the other person, whether it is to play with their toys, or to simply ask if they need help or anything before doing something to them, and that if they ask as to how they can help, they should be sure they can handle the situation, it'll go a long way to normalize consent.
There's several problems in how children are raised and how this shows up in adult behavior, but I think those are some of the spots I can sympathize and even understand where children get their ideas about consent from.