NATION

PASSWORD

Pissed off about education....

For discussion and debate about anything. (Not a roleplay related forum; out-of-character commentary only.)

Advertisement

Remove ads

User avatar
Bluth Corporation
Negotiator
 
Posts: 6849
Founded: Apr 15, 2008
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Bluth Corporation » Thu Jun 11, 2009 8:49 am

That still misses the point.

I (and you, in the post I quoted) were talking about appreciation as an observer, not the skills necessary to be the artist.
The Huge Mistake of Bluth Corporation
Capital: Newport Beach, Shostakovich | Starting Quarterback: Peyton Manning #18 | Company President: Michael Bluth

Champions of: World Bowl X


You should really be using Slackware

User avatar
Levity
Lobbyist
 
Posts: 13
Founded: Antiquity
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Levity » Thu Jun 11, 2009 8:52 am

Bluth Corporation wrote:That still misses the point.

I (and you, in the post I quoted) were talking about appreciation as an observer, not the skills necessary to be the artist.


No, in my first post I very intentionally did not specify if art instruction was centered on production or appreciation. You'll apparently need to clarify "the point" of which there seem to be many in this thread.

User avatar
UnhealthyTruthseeker
Postmaster-General
 
Posts: 11988
Founded: Aug 16, 2008
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby UnhealthyTruthseeker » Thu Jun 11, 2009 9:09 am

Levity wrote:
Bluth Corporation wrote:That still misses the point.

I (and you, in the post I quoted) were talking about appreciation as an observer, not the skills necessary to be the artist.


No, in my first post I very intentionally did not specify if art instruction was centered on production or appreciation. You'll apparently need to clarify "the point" of which there seem to be many in this thread.


Give it up Levity. For some reason, Bluth has this chip on his shoulder about science. He's revealed it in several other threads, even going so far as to claim that it's premises are ridiculous and it's conclusions unreliable.
A little homework for you!

What part of L(f(t)) = Int(exp(-s*t)*f(t),t,0,inf) don't you understand?

User avatar
Rejistania
Senator
 
Posts: 3607
Founded: Antiquity
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Rejistania » Thu Jun 11, 2009 9:56 am

Xirnium wrote:Oscar Wilde probably explained it best:

“We can forgive a man for making a useful thing as long as he does not admire it. The only excuse for making a useless thing is that one admires it intensely.
All art is quite useless.”


Our mathematics and our sciences do not make us human, functional though they are. It is our culture and our art that do that.


What is good about being human? Shouldn't we try our best to overcome this status?
Rejis sjiki, linux sjiki, alari sjiki, korona sjiki!
Forever united, forever free, forever in justice, forever prospering!


"Tekneluru mi'aru mi aji, il'sidekhir'ra mi, lajistas. Mi'ki'vasu kynha'het kijitax." Hank͜hila Sede, first lentine (translation: A dream is only a dream until it is reached. After that, it becomes something trivial)

Headlines from the Na~ovi Nanti: Hetkali election ended in no candidate over 2% hurdle - Syku I Jai fired as coach of Aetaila Seli, youth coach Hea I Juien takes over reins of club - Rising number of fairy penguins in Sumumusumu and neighboring islands


This person is pro-EU and proud of it! They are also a Eurofederalist and want the Federated States of Europe!

User avatar
Hayteria
Ambassador
 
Posts: 1709
Founded: Dec 18, 2005
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Hayteria » Thu Jun 11, 2009 10:16 am

SaintB wrote:Well if man had never taken the time to draw we would have never developed letters so we would never write things down for future generations to read.

That was to communicate, though. We don't need "art" in the "traditional" sense to communicate anymore.

SaintB wrote:Where would we be without art? Still wandering the plains and being eaten by everything else.

You can't change the past, so you never know what would've happened. It's just speculation.

SaintB wrote:Art is important today because it teaches children critical thinking skills

So do the physical sciences and social sciences alike. Hell, some could argue that even video games, at least of the strategy or adventure genres, teach children critical thinking skills, (google "Children Eat Your Trash") yet if you mention Sim City during social studies you're considered a video game junkie.

SaintB wrote:it also applies the concepts learned in your sacred math and science classes in a practical and more importantly fun way.

... if you ask me, I don't recall finding art class particularily fun. I found many of the methods for making art tedious, some almost unbearable (like the ones where we were supposed to put some kind of plaster on our faces to make a mask from) and I think that with the exception of introductory art in earlier years, (ie. talking about painting in elementary school) later art courses should be more of an optional thing, at most.

Frankly, I found geometry in math, or even Hess's Law calculations in chemistry, more fun than papier-mache or whatever they call it.

Besides, if your argument is that they could APPLY concepts from math and science, the same could be said about video games too. o.o

User avatar
Rejistania
Senator
 
Posts: 3607
Founded: Antiquity
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Rejistania » Thu Jun 11, 2009 10:35 am

Hayteria wrote:
SaintB wrote:Well if man had never taken the time to draw we would have never developed letters so we would never write things down for future generations to read.

That was to communicate, though. We don't need "art" in the "traditional" sense to communicate anymore.

Indeed, except that the first letters were not for communication but for taxes and accounting. So, yeah, teach that to every child!
SaintB wrote:Where would we be without art? Still wandering the plains and being eaten by everything else.

You can't change the past, so you never know what would've happened. It's just speculation.

and not even a good one. Art springs up when people no longer have to care for their immediate survival. Thus you won't see much art from LDC and much art from the rich nations.

SaintB wrote:Art is important today because it teaches children critical thinking skills

So do the physical sciences and social sciences alike. Hell, some could argue that even video games, at least of the strategy or adventure genres, teach children critical thinking skills, (google "Children Eat Your Trash") yet if you mention Sim City during social studies you're considered a video game junkie.

Except that art does the worst job at teaching critical thinking. IMHO a worse one than video games or good books (!= literature). Everything which is needed for class about art has been said 10k times already. You can get through art class without one single critical thought.


Frankly, I found geometry in math, or even Hess's Law calculations in chemistry, more fun than papier-mache or whatever they call it.

QFT

Edit: I hated art classes and considered them tedious and superfluous. They should have let us sleep in during those, that way, at least my other marks would have been better.
Last edited by Rejistania on Thu Jun 11, 2009 10:37 am, edited 1 time in total.
Rejis sjiki, linux sjiki, alari sjiki, korona sjiki!
Forever united, forever free, forever in justice, forever prospering!


"Tekneluru mi'aru mi aji, il'sidekhir'ra mi, lajistas. Mi'ki'vasu kynha'het kijitax." Hank͜hila Sede, first lentine (translation: A dream is only a dream until it is reached. After that, it becomes something trivial)

Headlines from the Na~ovi Nanti: Hetkali election ended in no candidate over 2% hurdle - Syku I Jai fired as coach of Aetaila Seli, youth coach Hea I Juien takes over reins of club - Rising number of fairy penguins in Sumumusumu and neighboring islands


This person is pro-EU and proud of it! They are also a Eurofederalist and want the Federated States of Europe!

User avatar
Ferrous Oxide
Ambassador
 
Posts: 1112
Founded: Jun 27, 2007
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Ferrous Oxide » Thu Jun 11, 2009 11:21 am

Maths is actually useless these days. They did a study about a year back, and found than even in maths-heavy industries, most calculations are done by machines.
Last edited by Ferrous Oxide on Thu Jun 11, 2009 11:23 am, edited 1 time in total.

User avatar
Treznor
Negotiator
 
Posts: 7343
Founded: Antiquity
Democratic Socialists

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Treznor » Thu Jun 11, 2009 11:25 am

Ferrous Oxide wrote:Maths is actually useless these days. They did a study about a year back, and found than even in maths-heavy industries, most calculations are done by machines.

And how do we check to make sure those machines haven't developed a glitch?
Last edited by Treznor on Thu Jun 11, 2009 11:27 am, edited 1 time in total.

User avatar
Bluth Corporation
Negotiator
 
Posts: 6849
Founded: Apr 15, 2008
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Bluth Corporation » Thu Jun 11, 2009 11:36 am

Ferrous Oxide wrote:Maths is actually useless these days. They did a study about a year back, and found than even in maths-heavy industries, most calculations are done by machines.


Computation and mathematics (and it's not "maths"--it's "mathematics" or "math") are not the same thing.

And even in mathematics, there is in fact NO creativity possible. Mathematics is just a formal system, which means that it's all already there.
The Huge Mistake of Bluth Corporation
Capital: Newport Beach, Shostakovich | Starting Quarterback: Peyton Manning #18 | Company President: Michael Bluth

Champions of: World Bowl X


You should really be using Slackware

User avatar
Rejistania
Senator
 
Posts: 3607
Founded: Antiquity
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Rejistania » Thu Jun 11, 2009 11:41 am

Bluth Corporation wrote:And even in mathematics, there is in fact NO creativity possible. Mathematics is just a formal system, which means that it's all already there.


Mathematics still require a certain creativity to create solutions for the problems. Saying it all already exists might be true (IMHO it isn't but for the sake of the argument let it be true), but the application of it onto a real-world problem for an efficient solution is a creative act.
Rejis sjiki, linux sjiki, alari sjiki, korona sjiki!
Forever united, forever free, forever in justice, forever prospering!


"Tekneluru mi'aru mi aji, il'sidekhir'ra mi, lajistas. Mi'ki'vasu kynha'het kijitax." Hank͜hila Sede, first lentine (translation: A dream is only a dream until it is reached. After that, it becomes something trivial)

Headlines from the Na~ovi Nanti: Hetkali election ended in no candidate over 2% hurdle - Syku I Jai fired as coach of Aetaila Seli, youth coach Hea I Juien takes over reins of club - Rising number of fairy penguins in Sumumusumu and neighboring islands


This person is pro-EU and proud of it! They are also a Eurofederalist and want the Federated States of Europe!

User avatar
Skama
Spokesperson
 
Posts: 150
Founded: Oct 28, 2008
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Skama » Thu Jun 11, 2009 4:27 pm

Conserative Morality wrote:History: Fail to study the past, you are doomed to repeat it.
And who said all people want to be flawless? Everyone makes mistakes anyway, instead of history (IF they don't like it) they would have learned something else to avoid other mistakes.
Conserative Morality wrote:Science: Practical Physical Application
Not everyone wants to do one.

Conserative Morality wrote:English: One must learn how to construct grammatically correct sentences, so that they may express themselves properly on paper.
Basic english. The only reason it is important is because it is a social skill, unlike the aforementioned ones. But advanced grammar? Nah, people would understand you without it, you'll just learn that if you like it.

Conserative Morality wrote:Math: Calculations are needed in every day life, figuring how much of the bill is 15% so that you may give a proper tip, working on your personal budget, et cetera.
Yeah, that's social skill.
But where does advanced trigonometry fit in? Calculus?
Nah. Just some basic algebra and arithmetic. Everything else -- picked by people who are interested in (like me :p).

Conserative Morality wrote:The Arts: Proper appreciation for gifted individuals and movements.
Again, only if people are interested. Saying subject A > subject B and forcing that on schooling systems is hypocrisy, unless you are talking about social skills, which are needed to survive in society (ESPECIALLY language, since even the law is written in it ;)).

But other than that? Optional.



To whoever said there's no creativity in Math --> You are SO VERY wrong. I've got a lot of experience with it. And I do agree that it isn't, in crappy schools. BUT when you will need to SOLVE some problems BY YOURSELF and not from some stupid system or exercise, but INTUITIVELY DISCOVER how to solve it yourself, you will appreciate it. School sucks of course. You'd better learn it yourself from various books (NOT school books, which are full of crap).

I mean you would really change your opinion if you ever programmed a 3D rendering engine in software, trust me.
Last edited by Skama on Thu Jun 11, 2009 4:29 pm, edited 1 time in total.

User avatar
UnhealthyTruthseeker
Postmaster-General
 
Posts: 11988
Founded: Aug 16, 2008
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby UnhealthyTruthseeker » Thu Jun 11, 2009 4:40 pm

Ferrous Oxide wrote:Maths is actually useless these days. They did a study about a year back, and found than even in maths-heavy industries, most calculations are done by machines.


Calculations =/= math. Most mathematicians, engineers, and scientists use calculators and modeling tools to do tedious calculations. They don't use computers to derive Lagrangians or prove the existence of a homeomorphism between manifolds. There is more to math than addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, you know.
A little homework for you!

What part of L(f(t)) = Int(exp(-s*t)*f(t),t,0,inf) don't you understand?

User avatar
Skama
Spokesperson
 
Posts: 150
Founded: Oct 28, 2008
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Skama » Thu Jun 11, 2009 4:45 pm

UnhealthyTruthseeker wrote:Calculations =/= math. Most mathematicians, engineers, and scientists use calculators and modeling tools to do tedious calculations. They don't use computers to derive Lagrangians or prove the existence of a homeomorphism between manifolds. There is more to math than addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, you know.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, is arithmetic.

So I guess people who say math = calculations have never heard of algebra? Of calculus? Of trigonometry? Of transformation in space? Vectors? Matrices?

actually math is a form of calculation, but then so is every information, thus if you believe the world is 100% information, then everything is calculation :p

User avatar
Heaven Hieghts
Minister
 
Posts: 2565
Founded: Jun 20, 2008
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Heaven Hieghts » Thu Jun 11, 2009 4:47 pm

I suppose only an artist could understand my view. Art and music are very important to me, thus I dont want them to get cut from the system...
Guess what, I'm radical left

User avatar
Skama
Spokesperson
 
Posts: 150
Founded: Oct 28, 2008
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Skama » Thu Jun 11, 2009 4:56 pm

Heaven Hieghts wrote:I suppose only an artist could understand my view. Art and music are very important to me, thus I dont want them to get cut from the system...
I agree, however please note that even though I like many of the things I still don't say they have to be mandatory simply because I like them, because I'm not going to be a hypocrite.

Also choosing one subject over another (in schools that is, being mandatory for all) when that subject is NOT a social skill (basic algebra + arithmetic, and normal grammar, that's all), then it's hypocrisy to force ppl to something which you like because you find it more important.

This usually happens more from the people obsessed with their expertise, and those are usually (mostly) so-called professors or whatever. Other means is when people use economic arguments: well guess what, let the kids decide for themselves if they want to help the economy, it's their life after all, not your slaves. I'm obsessed (a bit) with math and computers myself but I don't say they have to be mandatory simply because I like them.

Art people are usually in the minority though so I can't blame them, I fully understand.
I'm a very wide-minded guy here. I love art, I also love math, and computer programming... also physics. but that doesn't mean, I want to force ANY of these on ppl who don't like them. Period.

User avatar
Blouman Empire
Post Marshal
 
Posts: 16184
Founded: Sep 05, 2007
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Blouman Empire » Thu Jun 11, 2009 7:23 pm

Hayteria wrote:The irony in how people talk about how the market promotes innovation is that the same can be said of subsidized engineering programs at public universities.


Umm, yeah it can. Point?

UnhealthyTruthseeker wrote:Also, all the administrations are approaching this economic problem the wrong way. In order to fix a recession, it is not consumption, but rather investment that is needed, because it is investments that drive the creation of new businesses that will hire workers and create jobs. The more people spend on consumption, the less they invest.


Yeah and what are these people spending their money on? Products? Servcies? You do know that because with an increase in consumption then companies will want to meet demand as well as others wanting to cash in on this increase that they will invest more money then?
You know you've made it on NSG when you have a whole thread created around what you said.
On the American/United Statesian matter "I'd suggest Americans go to their nation settings and change their nation prefix to something cooler." - The Kangaroo Republic
http://nswiki.net/index.php?title=Blouman_Empire

DBC26-Winner

User avatar
Verdigroth
Spokesperson
 
Posts: 153
Founded: Antiquity
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Verdigroth » Thu Jun 11, 2009 8:00 pm

Conserative Morality wrote:I agree with you partially. Education is the last place you start cutting, not the first. However, I've never viewed the arts as important as Math, English, Science, or History.


History is about useless. Considering how nations sanitize what they give out.
Incoming fire has the right of way.

User avatar
Dragontide
Chargé d'Affaires
 
Posts: 416
Founded: May 01, 2009
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Dragontide » Thu Jun 11, 2009 8:14 pm

A friend of mine that's a teacher just got her PhD. She got laid off a few days later. I mean WTF??!! These kids need teachers that can concentrate on their work. It's hard to do that when any day can be pink slip day!
"The American way of life is non-negotiable" President George H. W. Bush (41) 1992 Earth Summit

"When you don't negotiate the circumstances that are sent to you by the universe, you automaticlly get assigned a new negotiating partner... Named 'REALITY'. And it will negotiate for you. You don't even have to be in the room."
James Howard Kunstler (writer)

User avatar
Robustian
Ambassador
 
Posts: 1333
Founded: May 22, 2009
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Robustian » Thu Jun 11, 2009 9:08 pm

Heaven Hieghts wrote: I just dont understand why people think art is so insignificant.


Because it is.

User avatar
Rejistania
Senator
 
Posts: 3607
Founded: Antiquity
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Rejistania » Fri Jun 12, 2009 1:49 am

Heaven Hieghts wrote:I suppose only an artist could understand my view. Art and music are very important to me, thus I dont want them to get cut from the system...

Best arguments for the uselessness of arts: the reason not to remove them seems to be nothing but an emotional appeal.
Rejis sjiki, linux sjiki, alari sjiki, korona sjiki!
Forever united, forever free, forever in justice, forever prospering!


"Tekneluru mi'aru mi aji, il'sidekhir'ra mi, lajistas. Mi'ki'vasu kynha'het kijitax." Hank͜hila Sede, first lentine (translation: A dream is only a dream until it is reached. After that, it becomes something trivial)

Headlines from the Na~ovi Nanti: Hetkali election ended in no candidate over 2% hurdle - Syku I Jai fired as coach of Aetaila Seli, youth coach Hea I Juien takes over reins of club - Rising number of fairy penguins in Sumumusumu and neighboring islands


This person is pro-EU and proud of it! They are also a Eurofederalist and want the Federated States of Europe!

User avatar
NERVUN
Retired Moderator
 
Posts: 29451
Founded: Mar 24, 2005
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby NERVUN » Fri Jun 12, 2009 3:32 am

Rejistania wrote:
Heaven Hieghts wrote:I suppose only an artist could understand my view. Art and music are very important to me, thus I dont want them to get cut from the system...

Best arguments for the uselessness of arts: the reason not to remove them seems to be nothing but an emotional appeal.

Really? So far all the arguments I've seen for removal has been how you just sucked at art class.
To those who feel, life is a tragedy. To those who think, it's a comedy.
"Men, today you'll be issued small trees. Do what you can for the emperor's glory." -Daistallia 2104 on bonsai charges in WWII
Science may provide the means while religion provides the motivation but humanity and humanity alone provides the vehicle -DaWoad

One-Stop Rules Shop, read it, love it, live by it. Getting Help Mod email: nervun@nationstates.net NSG Glossary
Add 10,145 to post count from Jolt: I have it from an unimpeachable source, that Dark Side cookies look like the Death Star. The other ones look like butterflies, or bunnies, or something.-Grave_n_Idle

Proud Member of FMGADHPAC. Join today!

User avatar
Triniteras
Diplomat
 
Posts: 667
Founded: Jan 02, 2007
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Triniteras » Fri Jun 12, 2009 3:41 am

Rejistania wrote:Best arguments for the uselessness of arts: the reason not to remove them seems to be nothing but an emotional appeal.

Not just emotional appeal. Some kinds of porn are drawn.
OR art can have aesthetic appeal. But then maybe aesthetics are emotional.
I don't actually study much in the way of aesthetics.
You should do that, and get back to me.
Last edited by Triniteras on Fri Jun 12, 2009 3:48 am, edited 3 times in total.

User avatar
Rejistania
Senator
 
Posts: 3607
Founded: Antiquity
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Rejistania » Fri Jun 12, 2009 4:07 am

NERVUN wrote:
Rejistania wrote:
Heaven Hieghts wrote:I suppose only an artist could understand my view. Art and music are very important to me, thus I dont want them to get cut from the system...

Best arguments for the uselessness of arts: the reason not to remove them seems to be nothing but an emotional appeal.

Really? So far all the arguments I've seen for removal has been how you just sucked at art class.


Okay here are some others:
* Art thrives only in a culture of government subsidies. Teaching people [that they have] to appreciate art just creates the next level of government subsidies to artists.
* Art is purely subjective and thus the marks are by definition unfair. Unfair marks make people more cycnical about school
* Art classes are expensive for schools and there is no real benefit behind them (special rooms, materials, etc).
* The purely subjective grading in art classes teaches people nothing about art and everything about how to determine what the teacher wants to hear.
* Famous art is often about deprecated ideas and moral ideas which are kept alive in this way instead of letting them die


Not just emotional appeal. Some kinds of porn are drawn.
OR art can have aesthetic appeal. But then maybe aesthetics are emotional.
I don't actually study much in the way of aesthetics.
You should do that, and get back to me.

Aesthetics are afaik partly genetic and partly emotional... so meh. (but I have to admit: hentai in art classes would have been AWESOME)
Rejis sjiki, linux sjiki, alari sjiki, korona sjiki!
Forever united, forever free, forever in justice, forever prospering!


"Tekneluru mi'aru mi aji, il'sidekhir'ra mi, lajistas. Mi'ki'vasu kynha'het kijitax." Hank͜hila Sede, first lentine (translation: A dream is only a dream until it is reached. After that, it becomes something trivial)

Headlines from the Na~ovi Nanti: Hetkali election ended in no candidate over 2% hurdle - Syku I Jai fired as coach of Aetaila Seli, youth coach Hea I Juien takes over reins of club - Rising number of fairy penguins in Sumumusumu and neighboring islands


This person is pro-EU and proud of it! They are also a Eurofederalist and want the Federated States of Europe!

User avatar
Triniteras
Diplomat
 
Posts: 667
Founded: Jan 02, 2007
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Triniteras » Fri Jun 12, 2009 4:10 am

Rejistania wrote:Aesthetics are afaik partly genetic and partly emotional... so meh. (but I have to admit: hentai in art classes would have been AWESOME)

You should establish an organization to work towards this.
Last edited by Triniteras on Fri Jun 12, 2009 4:10 am, edited 1 time in total.

User avatar
Rejistania
Senator
 
Posts: 3607
Founded: Antiquity
Ex-Nation

Re: Pissed off about education....

Postby Rejistania » Fri Jun 12, 2009 4:14 am

Triniteras wrote:
Rejistania wrote:Aesthetics are afaik partly genetic and partly emotional... so meh. (but I have to admit: hentai in art classes would have been AWESOME)

You should establish an organization to work towards this.

Seeing that I oppose state education as government brainwashing it would by highly hypocritical. And from my experience in literature classes, I could never enjoy hentai again... errr, the students couldn't. :oops:
Rejis sjiki, linux sjiki, alari sjiki, korona sjiki!
Forever united, forever free, forever in justice, forever prospering!


"Tekneluru mi'aru mi aji, il'sidekhir'ra mi, lajistas. Mi'ki'vasu kynha'het kijitax." Hank͜hila Sede, first lentine (translation: A dream is only a dream until it is reached. After that, it becomes something trivial)

Headlines from the Na~ovi Nanti: Hetkali election ended in no candidate over 2% hurdle - Syku I Jai fired as coach of Aetaila Seli, youth coach Hea I Juien takes over reins of club - Rising number of fairy penguins in Sumumusumu and neighboring islands


This person is pro-EU and proud of it! They are also a Eurofederalist and want the Federated States of Europe!

PreviousNext

Advertisement

Remove ads

Return to General

Who is online

Users browsing this forum: A Herd of Cows, Cerula, Elwher, Hidrandia, New Temecula, Niolia, Omphalos, Podlachian State, So uh lab here, Statesburg, Tinhampton

Advertisement

Remove ads