[PASSED] Nuclear Power Safeguards Act

[Drewlantis]

Surely you realize that if your power plants are not using the technology outlined in this resolution than you are not required to follow it? Where does it say every power plant using technology not in this resolution has to make any changes?

"I profusely agree. Many of the nations in the WA are PMT or FT. If we are to write legislation on an international level about safety regulations for MT energy sources it would follow that we should also write for PMT and FT" Ambassador Burgenheimer leans back and fiddles with a Combustion Meteromic. "For example, these tiny devices power a large majority of our nation. They have their own setbacks and costs. They emit an unusual amount of delta rays, which can we can seal, but as it is these devices could be used to cause environmental damage as well." Burgenheimer places the small device into the box from which it came. "There is simply too much technology to regulate it all, and nations will just switch their energy source if we attempt to regulate it through a convoluted piece of legislation."

[United Concordian States]

"We can understand and respect your opinion, Minister Hunt, and in many cases we would agree that the WA should leave it's members to rule themselves; many such policies and rules would not work for all cultures or governments and that must be respected. However, we disagree - obviously as our nation is the one presenting this resolution - that this is one of those cases.
"While the largest effect of any meltdown would be on the nation itself, in most cases at least, coastal nuclear reactor meltdowns can cause harm to international populations of wildlife that other nation's rely upon. They might spread fallout to other nations via air currents, and they impact the international opinion of nuclear power, which, when operated properly, is the safest and often cheapest form of energy production which has yet to realize it's full potential in a large variety of applications. For these reasons we feel this is very much an international issue which must be internationally regulated.
"Previous nuclear safety resolutions were repealed for some of the very fixes that might also calm your concerns; previous resolutions did not have firm enough wording or strong enough enforcement. For us, this is very much a case of not being able to please all parties. To help placate this, we've loosened the inspection criteria for international inspectors to be far longer in periodicity than what we would have preferred to impose.
"Furthermore, plead that you look very much at the intent of the wording and powers provided to the organizations; punitive measures are far less outlined, rather assistance is the rather obvious goal."

Hunt nods and uses his podium's phone to connect with his home nation, and quietly discusses with his Chancellor what has transpired. He nods and clicks the phone back onto the holder and stands back up, acknowledging Phartan. "My government wishes that I clarify something, more specifically, the nature of inspections, and how inspectors will be chosen. We wish that they not be appointed, but rather elected from a pool of qualified candidates. Ladies and gentlemen, my government is simply worried that this could empower nations to be able to control industries of other nations. An example my government wishes to be clarified is, say you have a meltdown. What transpires as a consequence? Does the Nuclear Safety Organization take control of your installation? We simply wish for more clarification upon how investigations and punit-" He stops and smiles to correct himself. "..upon how invetigations and assistance, will transpire." He sits back down and prepares to call his nation again, waiting for a response from Phartan.

[Pharthan]

Surely you realize that if your power plants are not using the technology outlined in this resolution than you are not required to follow it? Where does it say every power plant using technology not in this resolution has to make any changes?

"I profusely agree. Many of the nations in the WA are PMT or FT. If we are to write legislation on an international level about safety regulations for MT energy sources it would follow that we should also write for PMT and FT" Ambassador Burgenheimer leans back and fiddles with a Combustion Meteromic. "For example, these tiny devices power a large majority of our nation. They have their own setbacks and costs. They emit an unusual amount of delta rays, which can we can seal, but as it is these devices could be used to cause environmental damage as well." Burgenheimer places the small device into the box from which it came. "There is simply too much technology to regulate it all, and nations will just switch their energy source if we attempt to regulate it through a convoluted piece of legislation."

"This hardly seems like an argument against a resolution. Presence of this regulation does by no means mandate that we begin regulating everything, Ambassador. If you so choose to write resolutions regarding your Combustion Meteromics, whether or not my nation uses them, we will evaluate the resolution presented based on it's own merits. 'I don't use it,' is a terrible argument, Ambassador. A landlocked nation can still very much weigh in on their opinions of Maritime Trade, and an FT nation which lives within any sort of vicinity of a nation which does use fission power should still yet be concerned with this resolution on more than just a cursory basis."

Hunt nods and uses his podium's phone to connect with his home nation, and quietly discusses with his Chancellor what has transpired. He nods and clicks the phone back onto the holder and stands back up, acknowledging Phartan. "My government wishes that I clarify something, more specifically, the nature of inspections, and how inspectors will be chosen. We wish that they not be appointed, but rather elected from a pool of qualified candidates. Ladies and gentlemen, my government is simply worried that this could empower nations to be able to control industries of other nations. An example my government wishes to be clarified is, say you have a meltdown. What transpires as a consequence? Does the Nuclear Safety Organization take control of your installation? We simply wish for more clarification upon how investigations and punit-" He stops and smiles to correct himself. "..upon how invetigations and assistance, will transpire." He sits back down and prepares to call his nation again, waiting for a response from Phartan.

Representative Hanson took the floor for this answer: "Inspectors would be from a pool of nations using nuclear power. The only punitive power granted would be to shut down nuclear power plants were they a danger. For instance, as in your case, a reactor plant has a meltdown. The national NSO and the international organization investigate the cause. If the cause is deemed to be one prevalent in other power plants that could also have a meltdown for the same reason, the international organization would be obligated to inform the national NSO to shut down those plants, as they have suffered a deficiency - and they may only act, as such on the grounds of noted deficiencies. They may not mandate the shutdown of plants willy-nilly for malicious intent."

[Bananaistan]

Representative Hanson took the floor for this answer: "Inspectors would be from a pool of nations using nuclear power. The only punitive power granted would be to shut down nuclear power plants were they a danger. For instance, as in your case, a reactor plant has a meltdown. The national NSO and the international organization investigate the cause. If the cause is deemed to be one prevalent in other power plants that could also have a meltdown for the same reason, the international organization would be obligated to inform the national NSO to shut down those plants, as they have suffered a deficiency - and they may only act, as such on the grounds of noted deficiencies. They may not mandate the shutdown of plants willy-nilly for malicious intent."

Surely the nation’s own NSO inspectors are whoever that nation chooses. The proposal makes no comment as to what pool they are chosen from?

It also seems to us that the WNRA does not do anything in the case of a meltdown, it continues to review and monitor the NSO to make sure they are upholding standards. Also if, say, a meltdown happening 6 months after the last NSO inspection, they aren’t inspecting that facility, under the terms of the proposal, specifically after a meltdown but 18 months later when the two year period between inspections has expired. Perhaps I missed it, but I don’t see anything that says that either the WNRA or NSO or both come in immediately after a disaster.

[Pharthan]

Representative Hanson took the floor for this answer: "Inspectors would be from a pool of nations using nuclear power. The only punitive power granted would be to shut down nuclear power plants were they a danger. For instance, as in your case, a reactor plant has a meltdown. The national NSO and the international organization investigate the cause. If the cause is deemed to be one prevalent in other power plants that could also have a meltdown for the same reason, the international organization would be obligated to inform the national NSO to shut down those plants, as they have suffered a deficiency - and they may only act, as such on the grounds of noted deficiencies. They may not mandate the shutdown of plants willy-nilly for malicious intent."

Surely the nation’s own NSO inspectors are whoever that nation chooses. The proposal makes no comment as to what pool they are chosen from?

It also seems to us that the WNRA does not do anything in the case of a meltdown, it continues to review and monitor the NSO to make sure they are upholding standards. Also if, say, a meltdown happening 6 months after the last NSO inspection, they aren’t inspecting that facility, under the terms of the proposal, specifically after a meltdown but 18 months later when the two year period between inspections has expired. Perhaps I missed it, but I don’t see anything that says that either the WNRA or NSO or both come in immediately after a disaster.

A meltdown would blatantly be a "deficiency." At which it would be required to advise the nation on how to fix said deficiency.
Furthermore, there are other resolutions regarding post-disaster actions. This act is about prevention.

If the NSO inspectors are not 'up-to-snuff,' this would also be a deficiency which the WNRA would mandate to be fixed. It was not desired to require specific pools, as this could accidentally prevent perfectly qualified individuals from unforeseen areas from joining the NSO, which is a further reason to have the WNRA.

[Senpai Kohai]

So if I define "useful work" (part 1) as creating nukes for war, that's fine?

[Separatist Peoples]

So if I define "useful work" (part 1) as creating nukes for war, that's fine?

"That would be a poor choice, as it would require you add so many additional safety precautions to your weapons as to make them useless."

[Potted Plants United]

OOC: As I missed the debate, voted for only because of category.

[Ardena]

If the nation does not have anything to hide about their Nuclear safety, why turn away inspections? as always, these inspectors will have to be internationally recognized and not under the influence of their home nations.

Voting against the act is anti-social and anti-environmental. We urge the Assembly to do it not for the world nor your neighbors but for the citizens who you represent. Vote YES for the Nuclear Power Safeguards Act

Having nothing to hide does not--and, one could argue, should not--equate to willingness to submit to not only inspections but policy mandates. The Republic of Ardena affirms the need to maintain nuclear safety, and would not feel threatened or overly burdened by the policies proposed by this resolution. We are concerned, however, by the level of authority this resolution grants to the World Assembly--not just over the sovereignty of Ardena, but over that of other states far more concerned with maintaining the full extent of their sovereignty. Regardless of good intentions, we cannot support such powers and will be voting against.

[Pouge Mahone]

I considered voting for this but must refrain from doing so because of typos. I suggest withdrawl and redrafting.

[Pharthan]

Having nothing to hide does not--and, one could argue, should not--equate to willingness to submit to not only inspections but policy mandates. The Republic of Ardena affirms the need to maintain nuclear safety, and would not feel threatened or overly burdened by the policies proposed by this resolution. We are concerned, however, by the level of authority this resolution grants to the World Assembly--not just over the sovereignty of Ardena, but over that of other states far more concerned with maintaining the full extent of their sovereignty. Regardless of good intentions, we cannot support such powers and will be voting against.

The level of authority which could be considered restrictive which is granted to the WA via the WNRA is only to be able to say "fix your deficiencies," and, provided said deficiencies exist, nations are required to do so. They are able to perform inspections to discover such deficiencies, but only in the nation's regulatory organization itself.
Beyond that, the WNRA is an information-dissemination organization.

I considered voting for this but must refrain from doing so because of typos. I suggest withdrawl and redrafting.

That seems like a silly reason to reject a proposal to me. Sorry, but typos are superficial. Unless they significantly impact the proposal, I don't see why that would be enough.

So if I define "useful work" (part 1) as creating nukes for war, that's fine?

That would obviously fall under the cognizance of other resolutions. If you tried to define it on such terms, you'd also be limiting yourself to the clause stating that the general public may not be exposed to harmful levels of radiation, making it a rather silly notion to try to skirt a perceived loophole.

[Drewlantis]

"This hardly seems like an argument against a resolution. Presence of this regulation does by no means mandate that we begin regulating everything, Ambassador. If you so choose to write resolutions regarding your Combustion Meteromics, whether or not my nation uses them, we will evaluate the resolution presented based on it's own merits. 'I don't use it,' is a terrible argument, Ambassador. A landlocked nation can still very much weigh in on their opinions of Maritime Trade, and an FT nation which lives within any sort of vicinity of a nation which does use fission power should still yet be concerned with this resolution on more than just a cursory basis."

"I must disagree Ambassador, this is precisely the point. We can't regulate a small percentage of people. Governments shouldn't pigeon hole certain activities taken by certain groups under the guise of protection. If you think that nuclear power must be regulated because it is dangerous then you must expand that argument to curb all dangerous energy sources. All this piece of legislation will do will be to drive nations away from nuclear power to a less regulated and easier to understand source of energy." Ambassador Burgenheimer stands and looks at the original piece of legislation. "This entire thing is pretty damn technical and I look at bills and pieces of legislation as a living. Why should it be so completely full of jargon to restrict a small amount of energy that can or cannot be dangerous based entirely upon whether or not the nation is paying attention? Can I suggest cutting down on the technicality and providing a rudimentary piece of legislation about all energy protection instead?"

[Atomic Utopia]

"I must disagree Ambassador, this is precisely the point. We can't regulate a small percentage of people. Governments shouldn't pigeon hole certain activities taken by certain groups under the guise of protection. If you think that nuclear power must be regulated because it is dangerous then you must expand that argument to curb all dangerous energy sources. All this piece of legislation will do will be to drive nations away from nuclear power to a less regulated and easier to understand source of energy." Ambassador Burgenheimer stands and looks at the original piece of legislation. "This entire thing is pretty damn technical and I look at bills and pieces of legislation as a living. Why should it be so completely full of jargon to restrict a small amount of energy that can or cannot be dangerous based entirely upon whether or not the nation is paying attention? Can I suggest cutting down on the technicality and providing a rudimentary piece of legislation about all energy protection instead?"

"I am afraid Ambassador that the lack of understanding of the language of this bill is clouding your understanding of what this bill does. The goal of this resolution is not to drive people away from nuclear energy, but to instead make it safe for all to use.

While we do realize that there are other energy sources that have yet to be regulated to such an extent, it is truly impossible to take into account the potential for mismanagement of all possible energy sources and create a single, overarching document regardless of how much we would wish for such a document. A good example would be attempting to regulate the use of chemical energy and antimatter in the same document. While they both can be dangerous you cannot even hope to argue for magnetic containment for the fuel in combustion and likewise you cannot state that the exhaust gasses in a antimatter reactor must meet the same standards as a that of a coal power plant.

And might I ask why we should not make everyone "pay attention" to their reactors, doing so will assist in prevention of a varity of disaster that can have wide reaching consequences even outside the industry"

OOC:

a small amount of energy that can or cannot be dangerous based entirely upon whether or not the nation is paying attention?

Nuclear fission produces a "small amount of energy"? How exactly did you come to this conclusion? The RL world derives 10% of it's energy from nuclear fission and that is set to increase. So, no nuclear fission is not "a small amount of energy" when you are talking about the difference between over seven hundred million people having energy or not having energy. And on NS it seem that an even greater percentage of energy comes from fission than IRL.

Nuclear fission is also the only practical source of energy for space travel in the near term IRL.

[Pharthan]

"This hardly seems like an argument against a resolution. Presence of this regulation does by no means mandate that we begin regulating everything, Ambassador. If you so choose to write resolutions regarding your Combustion Meteromics, whether or not my nation uses them, we will evaluate the resolution presented based on it's own merits. 'I don't use it,' is a terrible argument, Ambassador. A landlocked nation can still very much weigh in on their opinions of Maritime Trade, and an FT nation which lives within any sort of vicinity of a nation which does use fission power should still yet be concerned with this resolution on more than just a cursory basis."

"I must disagree Ambassador, this is precisely the point. We can't regulate a small percentage of people. Governments shouldn't pigeon hole certain activities taken by certain groups under the guise of protection. If you think that nuclear power must be regulated because it is dangerous then you must expand that argument to curb all dangerous energy sources. All this piece of legislation will do will be to drive nations away from nuclear power to a less regulated and easier to understand source of energy." Ambassador Burgenheimer stands and looks at the original piece of legislation. "This entire thing is pretty damn technical and I look at bills and pieces of legislation as a living. Why should it be so completely full of jargon to restrict a small amount of energy that can or cannot be dangerous based entirely upon whether or not the nation is paying attention? Can I suggest cutting down on the technicality and providing a rudimentary piece of legislation about all energy protection instead?"

"To put it bluntly, this isn't nearly as technical as everyone makes it out to be. It has a few specific numbers in it and that's about it. It's got a few specific concepts, but that doesn't make it technical. If you were to hand this to anyone trained in nuclear power, especially those very sensitive to the nature of the subject, they'd call it one of the most vague documents they'd ever seen. It's hardly really technical. It covers decay heat generation. If you want 'Technical,' Ambassador, we could go into requiring each reactor compartment be able to withstand up to a specific percentage of PSI above what any volume of liquid within the reactor could flash to in an instant, we could require certain coincidences of redundancy be required in all protection systems and interlace them with other coincidences of other protection systems, we could require each reactor plant not be operated past a certain value of Effective Full Power Hours without X or Y inspection being performed. The list goes on and on.
"This isn't technical. This is just a subject where any individual's lack of education on the matter is more apparent than other areas. How many of us are truly versed on methods of Wildfire Prevention, Forest Management, Socioeconomics of various trade agreements and resolutions, Medical standard requirements, and the like? Yet we've deemed them good enough ideas to vote for them; how is this not the same? Suddenly someone comes about with a - if I may say so - extremely well researched, or at the very least lengthily researched and thought out piece of legislation and it's treated like the plague?
"This piece of legislation is as technical as it needs to be to cover all areas of Nuclear Fission Devices, and vague enough to keep regulations flexible enough for logic to take hold.
"Nuclear power has never been an easy to understand source of energy. If anyone is deterred by this resolution, they never knew anything of nuclear power to begin with. For anyone with even the most meager of education on the matter, this is child's play, Ambassador Burgenheimer." Representative Hanson curbed himself. That might be considered an insult - but obviously true. "Now, Ambassador, you seem to have an error in understanding the scope of this Act. This isn't about safety, not entirely. It is more specific than that; this is about prevention.
"Allow me to readjust your question to make it valid. 'Why can't we cut down on the technicality and provide a rudimentary piece of legislation about all manner of energies that require prevention?' Because each form of energy production - which this Act is not specific to, as it's more about nuclear fission devices than it is specifically about power plants - requires different forms of prevention. Nuclear power requires safeguards, close monitoring, shielding, and a safe compartment. Hydroelectric dams require careful monitoring of their environment and their structure. Natural gas plants require careful safety standards. All are very different. The only way a rudimentary piece of legislation could adequately cover them all would be to say 'Don't hurt the general population,' which is laughably inadequate." Hanson actually chuckled a bit.
"Furthermore, nuclear power is far from a 'small amount of energy.' Many nations rely upon it entirely. There are a large number of different forms of nuclear power plants, each with largely different operation methods. Hence why this piece of legislation is actually rather vague in many of it's terms."

[Bears Armed Mission]

"My homeland doesn't use this 'nuclear energy' ourselves, so the passage or rejection of this proposal wouldn't directly affect urrs, and the discussion is a bit technical for anybody here in this Mission anyhows. The basic principles involved seems hokay, but then there are those apparent grammatical problems...
"Abstain."

Artorrios o SouthWoods,
ChairBear, Bears Armed Mission at the World Assembly.

[Pharthan]

"My homeland doesn't use this 'nuclear energy' ourselves, so the passage or rejection of this proposal wouldn't directly affect urrs, and the discussion is a bit technical for anybody here in this Mission anyhows. The basic principles involved seems hokay, but then there are those apparent grammatical problems...
"Abstain."

Artorrios o SouthWoods,
ChairBear, Bears Armed Mission at the World Assembly.

Representative Hanson chuckled, "Yes, well, those that proposed this were Nuclear Operators, not English Majors. We're better with numbers and concepts than writing." He realized his laughs fell on deaf ears, and his chuckles deadened. "Yes, well, those have been noted and we regret them."
"However, ChairBear, one of our key points is that this very much does affect your nation. Directly, not necessarily, but if any one your neighbors do use nuclear energy, you may be indirectly affected."

[Dustain]

The normally quiet Dustainian representive, Katyusha Fyodorova, puts her hand on her finger to her ear peice for a few moments before rising to her feet. She takes a deep breath and straightens up her Navy blue dress uniform before opening her mouth.

"Ladies and Gentimen of the World Assembly, my nation, the Holy Empire of Dustain vehemently opposes this bill for the following reasons.

The term "Nuclear Power" is too ill defined. The safeguards mentioned in this bill are only applicable for traditional and outdated Uranium 235 reactors.

The Empire of Dustain has several Liquid fluoride thorium reactors in operation and more along the way which operate in a similar way to traditional U235 reactors (IE Fission) which were selected specifically because every single risk factor the U235 reactor have from radiological waste to the threat of a meltdown to the risk of materials falling into the hands of terrorists is either reduced significantly or eliminated. They do not require these safe guards and implementing them will waste our resources for no reason.

Secondly, we are completely unwilling to allow access to our Fusion power generation project.

The Scientific board of Dustain agrees that U235 reactors should have these safeguards in place, but putting this ban over ALL forms of nuclear power not only wastes resources, it re-enforces the notion in public consensus that traditional forms of power generation, such as coal burning, is preferential."

Katyusha pauses for a moment, brushing her platnim blonde hair aside as her steel blue eyes turn hard and cold.

"Risking sanction, any World Assembly Delegates encroaching on our soil under the pretence of this bill will be denied entry and turned away."

[Separatist Peoples]

The normally quiet Dustainian representive, Katyusha Fyodorova, puts her hand on her finger to her ear peice for a few moments before rising to her feet. She takes a deep breath and straightens up her Navy blue dress uniform before opening her mouth.

"Ladies and Gentimen of the World Assembly, my nation, the Holy Empire of Dustain vehemently opposes this bill for the following reasons.

The term "Nuclear Power" is too ill defined. The safeguards mentioned in this bill are only applicable for traditional and outdated Uranium 235 reactors.

The Empire of Dustain has several Liquid fluoride thorium reactors in operation and more along the way which operate in a similar way to traditional U235 reactors (IE Fission) which were selected specifically because every single risk factor the U235 reactor have from radiological waste to the threat of a meltdown to the risk of materials falling into the hands of terrorists is either reduced significantly or eliminated. They do not require these safe guards and implementing them will waste our resources for no reason.

Secondly, we are completely unwilling to allow access to our Fusion power generation project.

The Scientific board of Dustain agrees that U235 reactors should have these safeguards in place, but putting this ban over ALL forms of nuclear power not only wastes resources, it re-enforces the notion in public consensus that traditional forms of power generation, such as coal burning, is preferential."

Katyusha pauses for a moment, brushing her platnim blonde hair aside as her steel blue eyes turn hard and cold.

"Risking sanction, any World Assembly Delegates encroaching on our soil under the pretence of this bill will be denied entry and turned away."

"Lucky you there's no way to force the issue. If Fulton gets his way, though, you could be facing a formidable "peacekeeping" force that would crack your nation like a walnut. It may be easier to just allow inspector access and not deal with the issues surrounding noncompliance."

[Austria-Bohemia-Hungary]

The normally quiet Dustainian representive, Katyusha Fyodorova, puts her hand on her finger to her ear peice for a few moments before rising to her feet. She takes a deep breath and straightens up her Navy blue dress uniform before opening her mouth.

"Ladies and Gentimen of the World Assembly, my nation, the Holy Empire of Dustain vehemently opposes this bill for the following reasons.

The term "Nuclear Power" is too ill defined. The safeguards mentioned in this bill are only applicable for traditional and outdated Uranium 235 reactors.

The Empire of Dustain has several Liquid fluoride thorium reactors in operation and more along the way which operate in a similar way to traditional U235 reactors (IE Fission) which were selected specifically because every single risk factor the U235 reactor have from radiological waste to the threat of a meltdown to the risk of materials falling into the hands of terrorists is either reduced significantly or eliminated. They do not require these safe guards and implementing them will waste our resources for no reason.

Secondly, we are completely unwilling to allow access to our Fusion power generation project.

The Scientific board of Dustain agrees that U235 reactors should have these safeguards in place, but putting this ban over ALL forms of nuclear power not only wastes resources, it re-enforces the notion in public consensus that traditional forms of power generation, such as coal burning, is preferential."

Katyusha pauses for a moment, brushing her platnim blonde hair aside as her steel blue eyes turn hard and cold.

"Risking sanction, any World Assembly Delegates encroaching on our soil under the pretence of this bill will be denied entry and turned away."

So what you are saying is that your reactors have no need for waste heat treatment? Or need for an international body to ensure you are ensuring your residual heat is carried away properly and will not initiate a "Fukushima"?
Furthermore, how by Jove's name is "Nuclear power as the use of sustained nuclear reactions of fission to generate heat and do useful work," too poorly defined? Do we have to press in a complete nuclear physics lecture in <4,000 words for your satisfaction? Why do you insist that thorium reactors that may run up to hundreds of degrees centigrade have no need for waste heat processing? Which is what the central tenets of this proposal is about?

[Bananaistan]

The normally quiet Dustainian representive, Katyusha Fyodorova, puts her hand on her finger to her ear peice for a few moments before rising to her feet. She takes a deep breath and straightens up her Navy blue dress uniform before opening her mouth.

"Ladies and Gentimen of the World Assembly, my nation, the Holy Empire of Dustain vehemently opposes this bill for the following reasons.

The term "Nuclear Power" is too ill defined. The safeguards mentioned in this bill are only applicable for traditional and outdated Uranium 235 reactors.

The Empire of Dustain has several Liquid fluoride thorium reactors in operation and more along the way which operate in a similar way to traditional U235 reactors (IE Fission) which were selected specifically because every single risk factor the U235 reactor have from radiological waste to the threat of a meltdown to the risk of materials falling into the hands of terrorists is either reduced significantly or eliminated. They do not require these safe guards and implementing them will waste our resources for no reason.

Secondly, we are completely unwilling to allow access to our Fusion power generation project.

The Scientific board of Dustain agrees that U235 reactors should have these safeguards in place, but putting this ban over ALL forms of nuclear power not only wastes resources, it re-enforces the notion in public consensus that traditional forms of power generation, such as coal burning, is preferential."

Katyusha pauses for a moment, brushing her platnim blonde hair aside as her steel blue eyes turn hard and cold.

"Risking sanction, any World Assembly Delegates encroaching on our soil under the pretence of this bill will be denied entry and turned away."

This proposal would not automatically require you to allow any international operatives of the WNRA access to your nuclear facilities. They may not even need to visit your country to adequately certify that your own local NSO is up to the job of protecting everyone, nationally and internationally.

[Pharthan]

"Uranium-235 thermal reactors and -238 fast reactors are far from the only susceptible reactors to this. Any method requiring similar fissile material resulting in " He coughed a bit. "A LFTR design which removes the pertaining decay-heat-generating fission products, as many do through constant reprocessing would, likewise, fall under the clause necessitating no need of decay-heat-removal other than losses-to-ambient, unless sufficient fission products generating decay heat would be present at any given time during the process. Granted, if these fission products, still generating decay heat, could cause a meltdown, their own containment would be susceptible to this resolution. Likewise, naval U-235 reactors, as LFTRs are entirely impractical for Naval use, would also not be affected, due to the statement of 'mobile under their own power." He said, appealing to her uniform's suggestion. "And though it may seem laughable, LFTRs still require a method of shutdown. Removing the neutron source, as easy as it seems, is a method of shutdown. Dumping is a method of shutdown. LFTRS, by and large, fit rather snuggly into this resolution. They were even considering during the writing of it."
"Simply put, your argument is that your reactor does not require many of the safeguards outlined in the resolution - there are clauses preventing unnecessary measures from being implemented very much built into the resolution."

"Furthermore, no access to your Fusion project would be involved, as this resolution only pertains to devices utilizing fission."

So what you are saying is that your reactors have no need for waste heat treatment? Or need for an international body to ensure you are ensuring your residual heat is carried away properly and will not initiate a "Fukushima"?
Furthermore, how by Jove's name is "Nuclear power as the use of sustained nuclear reactions of fission to generate heat and do useful work," too poorly defined? Do we have to press in a complete nuclear physics lecture in <4,000 words for your satisfaction? Why do you insist that thorium reactors that may run up to hundreds of degrees centigrade have no need for waste heat processing? Which is what the central tenets of this proposal is about?

OOC: Not all nations recognize Fukushima as an actual place.
So, Thorium reactors are largely considered a godsend to the nuclear community, at least, to the side of the nuclear community that cares about the opinion of the uneducated masses (and the side that also cares about idiots that operate nuclear reactors *cough*TEPCO*cough*). To shutdown a Thorium Reactor and to prevent a meltdown, all you have to do, for the most part, is turn the sucker off. They may run rather hot, but when the neutron source is removed, they will stop generating heat and losses-to-ambient is sufficient in cooling the reactor. Uranium and Plutonium Reactors require Decay Heat Removal. Certain thorium reactors could require a certain amount of uranium/plutonium seeding or breeding that could cause problems, but others circumvent this by various methods.

[Dustain]

"Lucky you there's no way to force the issue. If Fulton gets his way, though, you could be facing a formidable "peacekeeping" force that would crack your nation like a walnut. It may be easier to just allow inspector access and not deal with the issues surrounding noncompliance."

"Dustain will not yield to bullies."

So what you are saying is that your reactors have no need for waste heat treatment? Or need for an international body to ensure you are ensuring your residual heat is carried away properly and will not initiate a "Fukushima"?
Furthermore, how by Jove's name is "Nuclear power as the use of sustained nuclear reactions of fission to generate heat and do useful work," too poorly defined? Do we have to press in a complete nuclear physics lecture in <4,000 words for your satisfaction? Why do you insist that thorium reactors that may run up to hundreds of degrees centigrade have no need for waste heat processing? Which is what the central tenets of this proposal is about?

"Our Science and Engineering corps' are actually saying that, yes. Well, nothing that needs to be regulated by a forigen body, no. The primary issue with U235 reactors is the material used in the primary cooling cycle is normally high-pressure water that is above it's boiling point in Terran atmosphere. If their is a breach in the cycle that water escapes and the reactor is able to overheat, IE melt down. The salt used in the LFTR reactor, while incredibly hot, is not above it's boiling point in atmosphere, and therefore cannot gas off, and when the salt is purged from the reactor the reaction stops."

"In regard to the comment about a nuclear physics lecture," Katyusha tilts her head in a disbelieving manner "Not exactly, but I really hope the drafter of this bill consulted with a few of them while writing it up. Or do your people still consult with lobbyests when they plan their infrastructure?"

This proposal would not automatically require you to allow any international operatives of the WNRA access to your nuclear facilities. They may not even need to visit your country to adequately certify that your own local NSO is up to the job of protecting everyone, nationally and internationally.

"Again, it's not that we don't agree about certain instances where this would be applicable, its the fact that Thorium reactors may not meet the standards of the NSO and would require an inquest."

"Uranium-235 thermal reactors and -238 fast reactors are far from the only susceptible reactors to this. Any method requiring similar fissile material resulting in " He coughed a bit. "A LFTR design which removes the pertaining decay-heat-generating fission products, as many do through constant reprocessing would, likewise, fall under the clause necessitating no need of decay-heat-removal other than losses-to-ambient, unless sufficient fission products generating decay heat would be present at any given time during the process. Granted, if these fission products, still generating decay heat, could cause a meltdown, their own containment would be susceptible to this resolution. Likewise, naval U-235 reactors, as LFTRs are entirely impractical for Naval use, would also not be affected, due to the statement of 'mobile under their own power." He said, appealing to her uniform's suggestion. "And though it may seem laughable, LFTRs still require a method of shutdown. Removing the neutron source, as easy as it seems, is a method of shutdown. Dumping is a method of shutdown. LFTRS, by and large, fit rather snuggly into this resolution. They were even considering during the writing of it."
"Simply put, your argument is that your reactor does not require many of the safeguards outlined in the resolution - there are clauses preventing unnecessary measures from being implemented very much built into the resolution."

"Furthermore, no access to your Fusion project would be involved, as this resolution only pertains to devices utilizing fission."

Katyusha tilts her head slightly "Upon conversing with our experts we can see how an LFTR meets the requirements of this bill. You'll have to forgive my ignorance, but where exactly does the bill state that systems that use fission that are inherently designed to have no risk of catastrophic malfunction? Because you are correct, U235 reactors aren't the only ones capable of a meltdown, but LFTRs aren't the only systems that are immune."

[Pharthan]

Katyusha tilts her head slightly "Upon conversing with our experts we can see how an LFTR meets the requirements of this bill. You'll have to forgive my ignorance, but where exactly does the bill state that systems that use fission that are inherently designed to have no risk of catastrophic malfunction? Because you are correct, U235 reactors aren't the only ones capable of a meltdown, but LFTRs aren't the only systems that are immune."

"Similar thorium reactors, at the present, would have similar methods making them immune as well. Regardless, a number of reactors rely on such systems which, even though they are by and large reliable and safe, may rely on concepts that have some degree of danger about them. Nuclear power is notorious for it's extreme measures taken in ensuring safety. Without a doubt, even if this act is somewhat restrictive on some systems which may be questionably needing the relatively loose restrictions outlined here, it would be by far the least of the worries they'd have, and would be one of the least costly, in exchange for the absolute assurance of safety. something every nuclear operator strives for."

[Separatist Peoples]

"Lucky you there's no way to force the issue. If Fulton gets his way, though, you could be facing a formidable "peacekeeping" force that would crack your nation like a walnut. It may be easier to just allow inspector access and not deal with the issues surrounding noncompliance."

"Dustain will not yield to bullies."

"Then, Dustain is very lucky that Ambassador Fulton hasn't gotten his way with the Secretariat, because even the C.D.S.P., which is many times your size militarily, would rather yield to a few inspectors rather than face defeat and occupation from a significantly larger force, or economic collapse from heavy sanctions. However, it's hardly bullying when your leaders signed our nation into a contract stipulating compliance, and then promptly promise to break their own word."

[Dustain]

"Similar thorium reactors, at the present, would have similar methods making them immune as well. Regardless, a number of reactors rely on such systems which, even though they are by and large reliable and safe, may rely on concepts that have some degree of danger about them. Nuclear power is notorious for it's extreme measures taken in ensuring safety. Without a doubt, even if this act is somewhat restrictive on some systems which may be questionably needing the relatively loose restrictions outlined here, it would be by far the least of the worries they'd have, and would be one of the least costly, in exchange for the absolute assurance of safety. something every nuclear operator strives for."

"You did not answer my question. You originally stated that systems like the LTFR with next to no chance of catastrophic failure are protected by the bill and will not be under scrutiny. I'm sorry, but myself and our advisor are not seeing where that is stated. We agree with the sentiments of environmental protection, of course, but before we support this bill we wish to ensure that our future nuclear power generation projects are protected from unwarranted scrutiny, and infact your answer seemed like a round about way of saying 'Yes, this bill will, but you know, aren't you afraid of other nations nuclear systems?'."

"Allow me to clarify our issue for you. What we are even more fearful of the negitive effect a blanket bill over all fission technology will have on the global population. Due to the failings of other nations undue fear about nuclear power will grow in the public consensus, leading to more nations relying on fossil fules. We have an entire divsion dedicated to positive propaganda and quelling these undue fears about nuclear energy. This bill could undo a lot of that work."

"Then, Dustain is very lucky that Ambassador Fulton hasn't gotten his way with the Secretariat, because even the C.D.S.P., which is many times your size militarily, would rather yield to a few inspectors rather than face defeat and occupation from a significantly larger force, or economic collapse from heavy sanctions. However, it's hardly bullying when your leaders signed our nation into a contract stipulating compliance, and then promptly promise to break their own word."

"I am under no obligation to discuss what our response would be to such an invasion, nor get into dick waving contest with a nation that's no doubt going to run into logistics problems in the first hours of any conflict as their contractors extort them and their people protest, but I will assure you that any benifits gained from such a conflict will not outweigh the costs. You may see this as breaking our word, but we have a lot of resoruces devoted to nuclear power. Our first priority must be to our people, and the benifit of being part of this council will deminish significantly if this bill is ratified."