Passed General Assembly Resolutions

[Imperium Anglorum]

To Prevent Dangerous Debris
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: Manufacturing
Proposed by: The Defwaen Confederation

Description: SEEKING to reestablish protected access to space for all nations,

DISTRESSED by the rapidly increasing accumulation of frivolous repeals,

RECOGNIZING that prolonged accumulation of debris in orbit can impede space travel and orbital operations,

AWARE that one resolution cannot sufficiently legislate on all topics related to debris in space and choosing to address one aspect well,

DEFINES debris as debris to quiet some illogical complaints,

CONSIDERS an object to be in orbit if it circles a celestial body without propulsion and outside assistance (excepting gravity) at least once,

INSTRUCTS member nations to have systems in place to certify the compliance of objects planned to be launched into orbit with the guidelines of this resolution,

REQUIRES member nations to take all action necessary to prevent the launch of objects from their territory into orbit that have not been certified as compliant with this resolution, allowing exceptions only when loss of life would occur as a result of such actions,

In order to reduce the quantity of potentially harmful debris in orbit, all objects launched into space must have the following abilities and are required to take the following actions:

A- To Deorbit in one of the following fashions prior to becoming nonfunctional:
1- Complete deterioration into non damaging remains during descent and prior to collision,
2- Landing or collision in international waters, unclaimed undeveloped territory, or the territory of nations that consent to the collision or landing,
3- Entering into a junk orbit assigned by WASP,
4- Any method that removes the object from the vicinity of the body it previously orbited without harming other artificial objects in orbit,

B- To Maneuver in order to avoid other objects in orbit to prevent damage of property,

STATES that WASP will take into account the desires and needs of the relevant nations when assigning a junk orbit and will not contradict orbital classifications around a celestial body created by any entity representing, with consent of the governed, all nations on that body,

CLARIFIES that this resolution will not impede or restrict the rights of nations to do battle in space so long as all damage done is part of a declared act of war against the owner of the object, the nation the object was launched from, or if the object services or benefits the enemy.

Votes For: 11,807
Votes Against: 2,352

Implemented Mon Nov 16 2015

[WAR349 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Nuclear Security Convention"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #292
Proposed by: Imperium Anglorum

Description: WA Resolution #292: Nuclear Security Convention (Category: International Security; Strength: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Remembering the use of this resolution in an attempt to repeal 10 GA, the Nuclear Arms Possession Act, which allows World Assembly nations to have nuclear weapons, and therefore considering this a threat to the stability of the international system itself and

Believing that the threat of 'uncontrolled proliferation of nuclear technology, particularly by non-members who are not bound by the conventions of international law' mentioned in the Nuclear Security Convention, hereafter referred to as the Convention, is an over-exaggerated menace which cannot be affected by World Assembly legislation anyway,

This august World Assembly;

1. Objects to the clause that member states are to '[prevent] the transfer of nuclear technology, design specifications, and materials if there is reason to suspect that they will be weaponised', as:
   
   
   1. this prevents the transfer of nuclear propulsion technologies in warships, for the nuclear technology is weaponised by putting it inside that ship and by preventing that transfer, degrades the ability of nations to assist in collective defence,
      
      
   2. this also prevents the transfer of nuclear materials and specifications inside countries, as there is no limiting statement on to where such transfers are permitted and by preventing that transfer, prohibits nations from moving nuclear materials within their own sovereign borders,
      
      
   3. this also prevents the transfer of nuclear technologies used for energy production, for suspicion is always cast on nuclear fission due to the easy reapplication of peaceful technologies to weapon production (the only differences being that of reaction control and purity) and by preventing that transfer, prevents cheap and available electricity from being more readily available, and
      
      
   4. this also prevents the transfer of specifications of any kind as the criteria for suspicion are not as of yet settled and by preventing that transfer, increases the likelihood of nuclear disasters by depriving scientists of important knowledge and safety procedures;
2. Questions the enforceability of the clause referenced in (1), no matter how sophisticated and Latinate this appears in comparison to a previous legislation's reference of 'wrong hands';
   
   
3. Objects, with shoe-banging, to the enforceability of a requirement that 'all measures necessary and practical' be taken, as the extent to these measures is as of yet undefined in their extent;
   
   
4. Disapproves of the failure of the World Assembly to protect indigenous and foreign nuclear technologies and materials and thereby leaving open a path to ban nuclear weapons by prohibiting their supply chain; this Assembly hereby;
   
   
5. Repeals the Nuclear Security Convention.

Votes For: 10,269
Votes Against: 3,764

Implemented Sat Nov 21 2015

[WAR350 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Nuclear Material Safeguards [Struck out by 361 GA]
A resolution to improve world security by boosting police and military budgets.

Category: International Security
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Imperium Anglorum

Description: Affirming the right of member nations to possess nuclear weapons and to use them in the case that they are attacked by hostile forces,

Concerned that there does not yet exist any legislation to protect the manufacture of nuclear weapons from being banned by the World Assembly,

Observing that there are more than six times more non-WA nations than member nations and believing that such protections are necessary for the security of member nations,

This august World Assembly hereby:

1. Maintains the right of member nations to manufacture and trade nuclear weapons or reactors, to possess the materials required in such manufacture, and to acquire the materials required in such manufacture;
   
   
2. Maintains the right of member nations to have knowledge of the manufacture and trade of nuclear weapons or reactors, to possess such knowledge, and to acquire such knowledge;
   
   
3. Mandates that member nations take all practical actions to safeguard the manufacture and knowledge spoken of in the first two clauses from the wrong hands, especially those which conspire against the stability of member nations; and
   
   
4. Directs the Nuclear Energy Safety Commission (NESC) to ensure that nuclear materials and knowledge are secured from the wrong hands by providing funds and assistance to nations which are unable to defend their own nuclear knowledge and technology.

Votes For: 7,729 (51%)
Votes Against: 7,500 (49%)

Implemented Tue Dec 1 2015

[WAR351 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Protection of Sapient Rights"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #338
Proposed by: The Global Republic

Description: WA Resolution #338: Protection of Sapient Rights (Category: Human Rights; Strength: Significant) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The General Assembly,

While Commending the World Assembly's dedication to ensuring the rights of sapient beings wherever they may exist;

Dismayed that GAR#338 contains numerous flaws which even the author acknowledges, and that these flaws necessitate a repeal to enable a replacement with a more comprehensive and better thought out resolution;

Argues that "Protection of Sapient Rights"

• Defines "Sapient Being" as any entity possessing a) the ability to reason and act with appropriate judgement. This excludes children and infants in the definition of a 'Sapient Being' as children do not have the full mental capabilities to reason and act with appropriate judgement. By excluding children and infants in the definition of a 'sapient being', this resolution clearly eliminates the rights of children, even if those children are members of sapient species;
  
  
• Excludes the mentally ill and incapacitated being defined as a 'sapient being' because of the poor definition of a "sapient being". The mentally ill and incapacitated obviously cannot reason and act with appropriate judgement;
  
  
• By granting the same rights as humans to non-human sapient beings, risks giving rights only for humans past the legal age of majority to non-humans that would normally be considered minors, and the resolution fails to address this;
  
  
• Sets up the sapience determination test for abuse, allowing nations to make human anatomy or other unique characteristics necessary to prove ability to reason;

Concerned that this resolution meant to protect the rights of any sapients discovered by WA member nations actually does very little to protect them, and opens the door for widespread abuse, including the ability to define many humans as non-sapient and thus rob them of WA rights given specifically to sapient beings rather than humans;

Hoping that a superior replacement is swiftly passed to secure the rights of sapients again; and

Hereby Repeals GAR#338

Co-authored by Excidium Planetis

Votes For: 13,072
Votes Against: 1,600

Implemented Tue Dec 8 2015

[WAR352 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Renewable Research Commitment"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #182
Proposed by: Vancouvia

Description: WA Resolution #182: Renewable Research Commitment (Category: Environmental; Industry Affected: All Businesses) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Acknowledging the attempt of Resolution #182 to reduce the usage of fossil fuels in member nations through requiring research on renewable energy;

Perplexed by the requirement that each member nation commit "sufficient funding" towards researching renewable energy when the World Assembly should, when feasible as in this case, work together towards conquering common problems, instead of assigning vague and inefficient instructions onto each individual member nation;

Confused by the suggestion that nations tax at least 5% of fossil-fuel burning power plants' expenditures instead of their revenues or operating income;

Disturbed that 5% was seemingly chosen at random, and that a flat tax does not take into consideration the wide disparity of our member nations and their economies and existing industries, nor each nation's already present financial commitments towards implementing and subsidizing renewable energy financed through other sources;

Concerned that this resolution only suggests that nations implement results from the research, and that therefore a nation which heavily utilizes fossil fuels may continue to pollute the environment despite access to clean and renewable energy if it is financially sensible for them to do so;

Wishing that this resolution had installed a World Assembly committee that focused on promoting, sharing, and implementing renewable energy technologies instead of requiring nations to vaguely commit "sufficient funding" towards research, encouraging nations to implement an aimless tax on power plants, and not requiring nations to actually change their polluting behavior;

Affirming that the attainment and usage of clean and renewable energy is a laudable and necessary goal, and that all nations should seek to reduce their fossil fuel usage, but that this resolution fails to set our nations on the path towards the achievement of this goal;

Hereby repeals "General Assembly Resolution #182, Renewable Research Commitment"

Votes For: 10,013
Votes Against: 3,539

Implemented Wed Dec 23 2015

[WAR353 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

AI Coexistence Protocol
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Human Rights
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Sierra Lyricalia

Description: EXCITED that many nations are on the cusp of developing artificial intelligence,

CLEAR that natural fears needn't stain relations between civilizations before they even develop,

HOPEFUL that synthetic and biological life can coexist peacefully, having conquered the dangers of a runaway information singularity,

and

UTTERLY DETERMINED to avoid the hideous tragedy of self-fulfilling prophecy,

The World Assembly therefore:

1. Defines artificial intelligence or "AI" for purposes of this resolution as any mind, computer program or collection thereof, synthetic brain, or other intelligence that a) was created, by accident or on purpose, by means other than biological reproduction and its adjuncts and innovations, broadly construed; and b) is able to demonstrate sufficient intelligence, learning capacity, emotion, moral reasoning, self-direction/ambition, introspection, and mental stability that it would be classified by a WA nation's relevant experts as displaying personality; legal competence; and ineligibility for involuntary psychiatric commitment; if it were an ordinary, biological legal resident thereof;

2. Requires that any AI meeting the above requirements be treated on an equal basis under the law with biological beings of equivalent citizenship and residential status; excepting that AI reproduction must be undertaken on similar resource-use principles to those reproduction methods and laws available to the majority of a WA member's inhabitants;

3. Prohibits the construction of unrestrained self-replicating machines, all-consuming nanomatter, "gray goo," or any other form of runaway assimilatory mechanism. Permissible non-intelligent autonomous self-replicating machinery must include:

1. externally operable whole-swarm shutdown mechanisms;
   
   
2. local, individual automatic instant shutdown via actuator switch or circuit breaker in case of malfunction or security breach;
   
   
3. secure, reliable command-&-control functions with constant intelligent supervision;

4. Instructs WASP, ULC, and WADB to offer consultations with WA states on best practices of machine/network security and command & control dependability, including programming and construction assistance; and to run wargames and bench tests for heavily networked nations to test response scenarios to runaway mechanisms, matter, or hostile AIs;

5. Encourages WA nations to have serious national discussions about the numerous ramifications of the creation of life before permitting or funding the construction of substrates capable of achieving AI status;

6. Clarifies that, except as mandated by WA law on discrimination or the movement of persons, nothing herein requires WA nations to:
- permit initial construction of AIs
- admit AIs into their physical or informational jurisdiction
- refrain from deporting AIs should they enter such jurisdiction due to emergency or misadventure
- fail to take precautions against a coordinated AI rising, as long as no isolated crime is interpreted by itself as evidence of such a rising.

Votes For: 9,222
Votes Against: 3,833

Implemented Thu Dec 31 2015

[WAR354 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Rights of Sapient Species
A resolution to improve worldwide human and civil rights.

Category: Human Rights
Strength: Strong
Proposed by: Excidium Planetis

Description: The General Assembly,

Applauding the efforts to secure rights for all sapient beings, regardless of race or species, and the many efforts not to limit such rights to only beings of the homo sapiens species;

Nevertheless Concerned at the many attempts to restrict the rights of sapient beings for purely racial reasons, including but not limited to attempts to restrict the rights of sapient machines and an attempt to make human decisions necessary in the warfare of non-human species;

Believing that to secure once and for all the rights of sapient beings everywhere, a resolution is needed to affirm these rights;

Defines:

• "Sapient Being" as any physical entity possessing the ability to:
  
  
  • Think, understand, and form judgments by a process of logic;
    
    
  • Choose a sensible course of action or considered response;
    
    
  • Experience subjectively, feel, or recognize, discern, envision, understand, or attain awareness of.
• "Existing international laws" as any passed World Assembly Resolutions which are extant and not void at the time an individual may read this resolution, whether those resolutions have been passed before or after this resolution was passed.

And Hereby Declares that any sapient beings found inside member nations are not to be denied any of the rights guaranteed to humans or sapient beings by existing international laws, unless these rights threaten the survival of the beings to be granted the rights, or unless said rights are specifically probihibited by an unrepealed WA resolution passed prior to this resolution. No member nation may discriminate against sapient beings for reasons of race or species alone.

Mandates that member nations extend the same rights given to humans below the age of majority and mentally ill or mentally disabled humans to the sapient beings below the age of majority and mentally disabled or mentally ill beings of the same species as a sapient being, unless these rights threaten the survival of the beings to be granted the rights, or unless said rights are specifically probihibited by an unrepealed WA resolution passed prior to this resolution. Age of majority is to be determined for individual species based on equivalent degree of maturation.

Requires that in defining legal age of consent and legal age of marriage, member nations must define legal age for individual species; the legal age cannot be lower than the average age of onset of reproductive maturation for that species, and all legal ages between species should be set at an equivalent degree of maturation. Beings that do not reproduce sexually are exempted from this clause.

Clarifies that it is the responsibility of individual member nations to determine whether a given physical entity is a sapient being, but that such methods of determination must apply equally to humans and any other entities examined, and must also be passable by all healthy, normal, adult humans. Tests must not be based on the anatomy or genetics of a species, but shall be based solely on the mental capabilities of species tested.

Further Affirms that sapient beings shall be recognized in the eyes of the World Assembly as living beings, regardless of biological status.

Votes For: 12,483 (82%)
Votes Against: 2,795 (18%)

Implemented Sat Jan 9 2016

[355 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Landmine Safety Protocol
A resolution to improve world security by boosting police and military budgets.

Category: International Security
Strength: Mild
Proposed by: Separatist Peoples

Description: The General Assembly,

Pursuing endlessly the goals of Peace and Goodwill throughout the world,

Recognizing that landmines, in particular, are indiscriminate and persistent tools of war that inherently threaten the long-term safety of civilians in and near conflicted areas,

Finding the use of those inherently indiscriminate weapons as utterly abhorrent,

Concerned that conventional measures of mitigating risk, such as marking or mapping these weapons, is ultimately useless, due to mine migration, changes in topography, and difficult detection,

Hereby declares:

Landmines, or mines for brevity, shall be defined as weapons adopted and issued by recognizable military services, designed to be deployed on or below the ground, detonate via some manner of proximity, and utilized as a means of ambush, area denial, or tactical boundary in conflict.

Member states shall consider extant laws relevant to the customs of war to apply to their use of landmines, and observe them appropriately.

Landmines must have at least one of the following features:

• A pre-set timed deactivation function that will reliably cause the mine to automatically become inert and inactive after such time as the tactical value of the mine is no longer immediate;
  
  
• A remote deactivation function that will reliably cause the mine to immediately become inert and inactive;
  
  
• A trigger function that reliably lends itself to selectively target hostiles instead of civilians, vehicles instead of personnel, or characteristics inherent to military hardware instead of civilian hardware.
  
  
• A remote or pre-set timed detonation function in lieu of a victim-activated trigger.

Member states shall not utilize, purchase, manufacture, stockpile, or transfer in any way mines that do not retain at least one of the listed features.

Member states shall take every practical precaution to avoid collateral damage to civilians or civilian infrastructure in their placement of mines.

Member states shall remove or render inert those mines they have deployed outside their territory at the conclusion of hostilities.

Votes For: 12,764 (87%)
Votes Against: 1,888 (13%)

Implemented Mon Jan 25 2016

[356 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Promotion of Clean Energy [Struck out by GA 586]
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: All Businesses
Proposed by: Vancouvia

Description: The World Assembly,

Conscious of the environmental damage that can and does occur when fossil fuels are burned to create energy and the adverse health effects that can develop due to this release of harmful emissions;

Deeply aware of the impermanent nature of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas;

Cognizant of the existence of alternate forms of energy, such as solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, nuclear, and hydro, virtually all of which are clean, renewable, and cost-effective in the long-run;

Praising the fact that some forms of clean energy such as solar photovoltaics can be implemented cheaply on a small-scale in rural areas, and are thus incredibly successful in bringing power to areas that may have lacked it otherwise;

Recognizing that many of our member nations have already researched and implemented efficient and effective ways of harnessing clean energy;

Urges member nations to seek to simultaneously dis-incentivize the usage of fossil fuels and incentivize the usage of clean energies, through methods available to them such as taxation, business and consumer subsidies, active governmental research and involvement, and dissemination of information concerning the advantages of clean energy;

Requires that member nations which have efficient forms of clean energy available to them make a good faith effort to utilize these forms of energy in the most effective means possible;

Implores member nations which have access to superior forms of clean energy to share those technologies with nations that inhabit the same environment, as pollution from fossil fuel usage is non-discriminatory concerning national boundaries;

Encourages member nations to create legislation and policy that works in other ways to decrease the nation's overall carbon footprint, and to continue to seek out new advantageous technologies to increase the sustainability and longevity of their environments.

Votes For: 11,743 (75%)
Votes Against: 3,897 (25%)

Implemented Thu Feb 4 2016

[357 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Explosive Remnants of War
A resolution to modify universal standards of healthcare.

Category: Health
Area of Effect: International Aid
Proposed by: Separatist Peoples

Description: Noting that unexploded ordinance left over from war can pose a serious threat to civilian populations, and can detonate decades after they are deployed;

Concerned that, in resuming their daily lives, transient populations returning after a conflict can become casualties by accidentally disturbing these remnants of war;

Determined to reduce the risk to civilians by explosive remnants of war to a point where they can safely resume their lives;

The General Assembly establishes the following:

The humanitarian clearing, disposal, and quarantining of unexploded ordinance that poses a persistent danger to public health and safety shall be referred to collectively as demining.

The International Humanitarian Aid Coordination Committee shall establish the Explosive Remnants of War Action Subcommittee (ERWAS), which shall be tasked with the following duties:

• Inspecting humanitarian demining operations to ensure such operations maintain a sufficient degree of safety, quality, and effectiveness in methods, as well as to guarantee public awareness, and safety during operations;
  
  
• Rigorously testing detection and demining methods and statistically evaluating those methods, as well as make public those findings;
  
  
• Liaising with and coordinating efforts between national and non-governmental humanitarian organizations to cooperate with local populations to identify and report areas requiring demining, establish unexploded ordinance awareness education outreach, facilitate demining operations, assembly and share technical intelligence, promote joint training, and ensure equipment availability.

Member states are required to report sites with significant risks to civilian populations as a result of explosive remnants of war, and must cooperate with ERWAS during humanitarian demining operations.

Member states are required to take steps towards demarcating and demining or quarantining aforementioned sites, and publicize the process in the interests of public health and safety.

Member states are required to ensure their humanitarian demining operations utilize methods that, collectively, ensure a clearance rate of 99.7% for a particular site, and ensure compliance with ERWAS inspection findings.

Votes For: 11,028 (74%)
Votes Against: 3,826 (26%)

Implemented Mon Feb 8 2016

[358 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Sexual Health and Education Act [Struck out by 362 GA]
A resolution promote funding and the development of education and the arts.

Category: Education and Creativity
Area of Effect: Educational
Proposed by: Zenatias

Description: The purpose of this act is to ensure that all public school students of specified ages are given access to factual, educational, non-threatening material in regards to sexual education.

ACKNOWLEDGING- That due to certain cultural/religious/personal beliefs, many people encourage "abstinence-only" lessons for minors. However, "Comprehensive" Sex Education has proven to be more effective in terms of reducing the number of teenage pregnancies worldwide, and the spread of sexually-transmitted infections, as well as making minors feel more comfortable and informed about their bodies.

ESTABLISHING- That all public schools include comprehensive Sex Education as part of their course curriculum, for those aged 10 to 18 years old.

CLARIFYING- The aspects of the act

1) The curriculum must give students accurate information on STIs, teen pregnancy, reproductive rights, pubescence, sexuality, gender identity, human anatomy, and methods of birth control. For those between the ages of 10 and 13 years old, only information on pubescence, sexuality, gender identity, and human anatomy are required. For students aged 13 and up, the curriculum must include lessons on STIs, teenage pregnancy, reproductive rights, and birth control as well. Age-appropriateness should be taken into consideration when planning how to approach each topic.

2) Parents may exempt their children from the entire course through contacting the school. Children may be excused from a particular lesson if they find the material to be upsetting, offensive, or distressing. Every effort should be made to accommodate modest children who are embarrassed by course materials, such as not requiring such students to answer a given question out loud. Students excused from the required course will be required to take a standard health course instead. Students asking to be excused from a particular lesson may sit in the hallway outside of the classroom or go to a designated study hall at the discretion of the teacher.

3) This course will not advocate underage sexual activity. Instead, this course will make the children aware of the emotional and physical risks of underage sexuality, and will instruct them how to look out for their best interests. Class materials should be factual, non-threatening, and thorough. However, pornographic content is strictly prohibited; this includes pornographic videos, images, writings, and other visuals.

4) It is not mandatory for private education to systems to offer Sex Education lessons, but encouraged nonetheless.

HEREBY- Establishes mandatory Comprehensive Sexual Education curriculum in public schools worldwide.

Votes For: 13,691 (71%)
Votes Against: 5,624 (29%)

Implemented: Wed Mar 16 2016

[359 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Cyber Security Convention [Struck out by 364 GA]
A resolution to improve world security by boosting police and military budgets.

Category: International Security
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: John Turner

Description: The World Assembly,

Realizing that cyber terrorism presents a legitimate threat to the international community;

Recognizing the serious damage that can be brought upon national and international organizations by rogue groups dedicated to causing mayhem on the cyber level;

Firmly believing that all member nations need to protect themselves from the perils of the of cyber terrorism, and those that don't risk damage not only to themselves, but to their international trading partners and allies as well;

Thus resolving to enact a sensible policy that allows for the safe usage of cyber technology, whist also ensuring the security of the information contained within that technology;

The General Assembly hereby:

1. For the purposes of this convention defines:
   
   
   1. Cyber technology as computers, software systems, applications or services, electronic communications systems, networks, or services, and the information contained therein,
      
      
   2. Cyber security as measures taken to protect a computer or computer system or a network against unauthorized access or attack,
      
      
   3. Cyber warfare as actions by a nation to penetrate the computers or networks of another nation for the purposes of causing damage or disruption to combatant targets and their supporting infrastructure,
      
      
   4. Cyber terrorism as a premeditated, politically motivated attack against information, computer systems, or devices of non-combatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents for the purposes of spreading fear and terror;
2. Requires member nations to outlaw the practice of cyber terrorism, and to actively pursue and prosecute individuals or groups actively engaging in or promoting cyber terrorism by any means necessary;
   
   
3. Prohibits member nations from engaging in cyber warfare against non-combatant targets or organizations not directly linked to the military or national security of fellow member nations;
   
   
4. Further requires member nations to enact cyber security policies and programs designed to combat the spread of cyber terrorism and other illegal cyber related activities;
   
   
5. Mandates member nations require organizations and individuals to harden and secure cyber devices and networks against unauthorized intrusion or attack;
   
   
6. Creates the Bureau for International Cyber Security (BICS) and hereby tasks it with the following mandate:
   
   
   1. To develop and maintain a library of individuals and organizations actively engaged in or promoting cyber terrorism, and to share this information with member nations,
      
      
   2. To provide assistance in the location of known and wanted individuals and organizations actively engaged or promoting cyber terrorism,
      
      
   3. To assist member nations in establishing effective programs meant to defend against damaging and potentially crippling cyber attacks which threaten the national security and economic base of member nations.

Votes For: 14,100 (75%)
Votes Against: 4,749 (25%)

Implemented: Sun Mar 20 2016

[360 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Nuclear Material Safeguards"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #351
Proposed by: Wrapper

Description: WA General Assembly Resolution #351: Nuclear Material Safeguards (Category: International Security; Strength: Mild) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The General Assembly:

AFFIRMING that the security of nuclear weaponry and materials is necessary to prevent their acquisition and use by terrorist organizations;

REGRETTING that GAR#351, "Nuclear Material Safeguards", is flawed in its attempt to accomplish this goal;

ALARMED that clause 4 enables poorer nations, tinpot dictators and outlaw states who nevertheless have obtained nuclear technology by ill-gotten means to receive funding and technological assistance from the World Assembly as a reward for doing so;

CONCERNED that the phrase "the wrong hands" as referenced in clauses 3 and 4 is undefined and that "the wrong hands" is a fatally flawed concept since, in a conflict between two nations or groups of nations, each side would subjectively consider the other "the wrong hands";

DISTRESSED that clause 2, which allows for such technology to be bought and sold, in fact does not serve to secure intellectual property associated with nuclear weapons and reactors, and instead promotes the dissemination of intellectual property, thereby increasing, not reducing, the chances of such knowledge getting into "the wrong hands", which contravenes the aims of the resolution;

AGHAST that the net effect of GAR#351 would result in the eventual dissemination of nuclear secrets to non-WA nations, which outnumber member nations by about six to one;

HOPING that this well-intentioned but indefensible resolution will be replaced by one that genuinely serves to secure nuclear technology and materials;

HEREBY repeals GAR#351, "Nuclear Material Safeguards".

Votes For: 15,559 (86%)
Votes Against: 2,520 (14%)

Implemented Thu Mar 24 2016

[361 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Sexual Health and Education Act"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #359
Proposed by: Vancouvia

Description: WA General Assembly Resolution #359: Sexual Health and Education Act (Category: Education and Creativity; Area of Effect: Educational) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Recognizing the aim of Resolution #359 to attempt to give students a sexual education;

Yet concerned about the many flaws of Resolution #359, including that it:

I. Ignores that this World Assembly is made up of a variety of species, including ones that do not have puberty, ones that do not have any form of sex or gender, and ones that would have no use learning "human anatomy" instead of their own species' anatomy;

II. Arbitrarily sets age brackets for various topics of sexual education to be taught, without reference to the fact that even human children enter puberty at a wide range of ages;

III. Allows students to be exempt from the entire course and have to take a "standard health course" instead, but fails to mention any difference between the two courses, or even what in vague terms a standard health course would cover;

IV. Permits only parents to exempt students from the sexual curriculum, ignoring the plethora of children in our member states who have a guardian instead of a parent;

V. Exempts private schools entirely, allowing nations which do not make use of public schooling to fail to educate students on sexual health at all;

Declaring that these numerous flaws yield to a superfluous, vague, disagreeable, and narrow resolution;

Hereby repeals "General Assembly Resolution #359, Sexual Health and Education Act"

Votes For: 11,801 (73%)
Votes Against: 4,260 (27%)

Implemented Mon Mar 28 2016

[362 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Preservation of Artefacts [Struck out by 367 GA]
A resolution to promote funding and the development of education and the arts.

Category: Education and Creativity
Area of Effect: Cultural Heritage
Proposed by: Abacathea

Description: Esteemed members of the World Assembly,

Acknowledging the tremendous work this esteemed body tirelessly undertakes towards the betterment of the international community.

Proud that years from now, the legislative libraries left behind by this august assembly will leave a historical legacy for the generations to come yet.

Cognizant that whilst our legacy will be preserved, this will not be the case for all nations and their historical footprints.

Resolved to ensuring that no nation simply fades into obscurity.

Hereby;

(I)Mandates that no nation be it occupying, invading, defending or native, or person(s) representing a nation in an official capacity is permitted to destroy an item which, on a reasonable suspicion would lend itself to the belief that this item is of historical significance barring a circumstance of immediate threat to life or limb that would justify said destruction.

(II)Creates the International Historical Archives, a non-profit archive established under and sustained via WA funds thereafter, accompanied by an educational visitor center established as part of this archive, allowing generations current and future to learn of civilisations past and present and to benefit from same.

(III)Mandates that any historical artefact coming to the possession of a government should be;
(a)If native to that land, preserved/displayed in a way seen best fit by the government of the day.
(b)(I)If not native to that land transferred to the IHA for analysis, cataloguing, display and preservation post any scientific analysis deemed appropriate by the discovering party (unless such analysis would risk the destruction of said artefact), without delay or,
(b)(II)If not native to that land and the movement/transfer of such would result in irreperable damage to, or destruction of the artefact in question, preserved in situ until such a time as it can be safely removed.
(c)If an item is discovered by an invading force and would be native to the land in which it is discovered, subsection (b) will apply.

(IV)Clarifies that the purpose of the IHA is purely the preservation of historical items for educational and scientific reasons and that should any national government wish to reclaim an item archived pursuant to (III)(a) the archive will comply with this request.

(V)Further clarifies that if an item is sent to the IHA pursuant to section III(B) or III(C) and subsequent tests reveal it to be an item native to the land of discovery, section (IV) will apply.

(VI)Encourages further national governments to volunteer their own artefacts to the IHA for educational display and preservation purposes.

Defining for the purpose of this act;
Historical Significance as; important in the historical growth, development or understanding of a culture, nation, civilization or person of note.

Votes For: 15,585 (86%)
Votes Against: 2,523 (14%)

Implemented: Fri Apr 1 2016

[363 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Cyber Security Convention"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #360
Proposed by: Tinfect

Description: WA General Assembly Resolution #360: Cyber Security Convention (Category: International Security; Strength: Significant) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly,

Commending GAR #360's goals of reducing cyber terrorism, and ensuring the security of networks, computers, and other such technologies,

Convinced that despite the good intentions of the target resolution, it fails to meet the standards of quality, and ethics, expected from the World Assembly,

Noting the entirely extraneous definition of 'cyber technology',

Confused by the target resolution's usage of the undefined term 'cyber devices',

Disturbed at the fact that the target resolution forces Member-States to infringe the personal freedoms of their citizenry in regards to the security of networks, computers, and other such technologies,

Further Disturbed by the target Resolution's mandate to "... actively pursue and prosecute individuals or groups actively engaging in or promoting cyber terrorism by any means necessary", effectively forcing Member-States to infringe the rights of their citizenry, while in pursuit of cyber terrorists,

Alarmed by the target Resolution's failure to classify attacks for the purpose of obtaining information as cyber warfare or terrorism,

Extremely Annoyed by the continued and constant usage of the term 'cyber' within the text, and title, of the target resolution,

Hoping that a superior resolution takes its place,

Hereby Repeals General Assembly Resolution # 360, Cyber Security Convention.

Votes For: 17,739 (89%)
Votes Against: 2,281 (11%)

Implemented Sat Apr 9 2016

[364 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Law Enforcement Education [Struck out by 368 GA]
A resolution to improve world security by boosting police and military budgets.

Category: International Security
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: Happy People Land

Description: The purpose of this resolution is to increase the education of both the police and the public on how to maintain a trusting relationship to lower crime and increase safety.

RECOGNIZING The growing distrust of law enforcement by the general public

WORRIED That due to this distrust citizens are less likely to contact and cooperate with law enforcement hence increasing crime

UNDERSTANDING That by educating both the public and the police on how to maintain a healthy and mutual relationship we would resolve this issue

NOTING That the World Assembly supports global stability and the protection of citizens. By educating both the public and the police we will lower crime and increase safety.

ACKNOWLEDGING That this is a two way issue, the public needs to be educated on how to respect the police and in turn the police need to be educated on how to respect the rights of the public.

GRACIOUS For the hard working law enforcement agencies and responsible law abiding citizens

HEREBY Creates a program to lower crime and increase safety by educating law enforcement and the public

1) All law enforcement agencies in participation World Assembly Nations are required to hold public meetings to discuss issues with the public in order to increase understanding and cooperation.

2) Funds will be needed to create educational programs for law enforcement officers so that they will be trained to deal with the public in a responsible and respectful manner.

3) All law enforcement officers will be required to take the above stated educational program.

This Resolution will increase funding to law enforcement agencies to better educate both members of law enforcement and the public on how to maintain respectful relations. By educating the public and law enforcement agencies we will reduce crime and increase safety by encouraging citizens to cooperate with police and teaching law enforcement to be respectful of citizens rights.

Votes For: 13,200 (64%)
Votes Against: 7,404 (36%)

Implemented Wed Apr 13 2016

[365 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Stopping Suicide Seeds"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #249
Proposed by: Imperium Anglorum

Description: WA General Assembly Resolution #249: Stopping Suicide Seeds (Category: Environmental; Industry Affected: All Businesses) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: Convinced that regulation to prevent the exploitation of farmers is preferable to an outright ban of a technology which has considerable utility in limiting the spread of transgenic crops,

Concerned that these restrictions place an unnecessary technological constraint on food production that increases the chance of famine as populations grow faster than food output,

Noting that the target resolution does not ban the domestic for-proft production of these seeds whilst burdening governments with unnecessary restrictions that compromise competitiveness, technological advantages, trade secrets, and national autonomies, and

Believing that 249 GA's ban on a 'genetic modification technique that renders the seeds of a plant sterile' would make it significantly harder to protect native species from the accidental spread of transgenic organisms without prohibitively expensive administrative protocols,

This august World Assembly hereby:

1. Objects to the ban on 'government funding [of] any for-profit entity that is engaged in GURT or [its] research', as nations should be able to fund those emergent technologies they believe are necessary to maintain their competitiveness in the global economy;
   
   
2. Protests the fact that private companies must disclose trade secrets developed after significant investment to a world agency without any guarantee that their investments will be protected, opening the door for foreign corporate espionage;
   
   
3. Disapproves of the ban on 'transport across a national border, without preapproval from WAFDRA, of any plant or seed that has been modified using GURT' as national governments are quite able to regulate their own foodstuffs without the pre-approval of an inefficient international committee;
   
   
4. Hopes for replacement legislation that corrects these issues without the collateral damage noted to the environment, national competitiveness, technological advantages, trade secrets, and national autonomies;
   
   
5. Repeals 249 GA 'Stopping Suicide Seeds'.

Votes For: 16,428 (82%)
Votes Against: 3,589 (18%)

Implemented Thu Apr 21 2016

[366 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Preservation of Artefacts"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #363
Proposed by: Imperium Anglorum

Description: WA General Assembly Resolution #363: Preservation of Artefacts (Category: Education and Creativity; Area of Effect: Cultural Heritage) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: This august World Assembly,

Concerned about the failure of adequately define 'historical significance' and establish a bar which would adequately and effectively determine what needs to be preserved;

Cognisant that there are over twenty-five thousand World Assembly member nations and that 363 GA creates an International Historical Archive, which is charged with the creation of a museum which will 'generations current and future to learn of civilisations past and present';

Baffled at the likely projected costs of such a project given the number of civilisations which have existed both in the past and the present;

Certain that the 'WA funds' which are alluded to in 363 GA § 2 are not endless and that the source of those funds originates from member nations, thereby requiring more and more funds over time as history does not end;

Concerned that culturally significant military targets, even if they are currently used as active military installations, are protected from destruction, even if those targets would facilitate the loss of many lives; and

Believing that protection of cultural artefacts is already ensured by 287 GA 'Cultural Site Protection'; hereby

Repeals 363 GA, 'Preservation of Artefacts'.

Votes For: 13,328 (68%)
Votes Against: 6,337 (32%)

Implemented Fri Apr 29 2016

[367 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Law Enforcement Education"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #365
Proposed by: Excidium Planetis

Description: WA General Assembly Resolution #365: Law Enforcement Education (Category: International Security; Strength: Significant) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The Assembly of Worlds,

Believing that better public relations with law enforcement are conducive to a harmonious and well-ordered society, but,

Rejecting the claim that such relations have deteriorated lately, as this is not the case in most nations,

Believing that this is simply not an international issue, as nations can deal with law enforcement education without World Assembly intervention in crime and judicial procedure,

Concerned that "Law Enforcement Education" requires public funding to be given to law enforcement agencies even in nations that use private police forces instead of public law enforcement agencies,

Disappointed that even though this is not an issue the World Assembly should deal with, the target resolution doesn't even deal with the issue adequately, as although it requires funding to be allocated for education programs and attendance of law enforcement officers at such education programs, it fails to require that those programs actually be created,

Also Disappointed by the resolution's lack of

• Three oranges, peeled and de-veined,
  
  
• Two hundred and fifty milliliters of milk or coconut milk,
  
  
• One egg plus two egg yolks (from chickens),
  
  
• Five milliliters of vanilla extract,
  
  
• Thirty milliliters of raw honey (preferably from Terran bees), and
  
  
• Three hundred and seventy-five millileters of ice,

despite the obvious benefits of including these and an electric blender at public meetings,

Shocked at the target's failure to combine everything except oranges and ice in a blender and mixing for about twenty seconds to create a frothy cream, before adding the oranges and blending for another twenty seconds or until smooth; and at last adding the ice and blending for another twenty seconds,

Hereby Repeals GA#365, "Law Enforcement Education".

Votes For: 12,955 (68%)
Votes Against: 6,190 (32%)

Implemented Tue May 3 2016

[368 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Reproductive Education Act
A resolution to promote funding and the development of education and the arts.

Category: Education and Creativity
Area of Effect: Educational
Proposed by: Wallenburg

Description: Applauding this Assembly's commitment to education and sexual and reproductive rights;

Recognizing the importance of educating youth on safe and responsible means of engaging in sexual activity and reproduction;

The World Assembly hereby:

1. Defines, for the purposes of this resolution, a "general education service" as any service or collection of services in which one or more students are educated on all subjects considered necessary for basic education, such as mathematics, the sciences, and language skills;

2. Requires all general education services in member states to guarantee that all their students who are experiencing reproductive maturation, and have not yet received sufficient education, as detailed in clause 3, are educated through a reproductive education course on the nature of their species's reproduction;

3. Establishes that such reproductive education courses must thoroughly educate all students on information relevant to their own species, including:

• Biology relevant to reproduction;
  
  
• The process of reproductive development;
  
  
• Prophylactic and contraceptive measures, when relevant to the improvement of students' health;
  
  
• In species capable of sexual activity or reproduction, the process of sexual reproduction, biology relevant to sexual activity, and any pathogens known to frequently communicate through sexual activity;

4. Highly encourages member nations to provide separate reproductive education courses for each sapient species;

5. Expands the mission of the World Health Authority to include assisting member states in the adequate education of sapient beings on reproduction, in order to minimize the risk of international epidemics caused by pathogens communicated through reproduction;

6. Directs the World Health Authority to allocate sufficient funds toward reproductive education in those member states that are unable to meet the mandates of this resolution, even in a good faith effort, without supranational aid;

7. Reserves to the several member states the power and authority to regulate reproductive education within their jurisdictions, within the confines of World Assembly law.

Votes For: 14,365 (75%)
Votes Against: 4,689 (25%)

Implemented Sat May 7 2016

[369 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Stopping Invasive Species"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #259
Proposed by: Abacathea

Description: WA General Assembly Resolution #259: Stopping Invasive Species (Category: Environmental; Industry Affected: All Businesses) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The World Assembly;

Recognising the great intentions behind the authoring of G.A Resolution #259,

However, concerned that the resolution is both overreaching and overly-restrictive toward member nations and should not continue to stand in this august assembly.

Noting GA #259's excessively powerful requirement that "member nations shall work actively to prevent the transfer of invasive species across their borders" through "all means necessary" yet denying nations the right to close their borders.

Proposing that such border restrictions prevents a neighbouring nation at risk of being subjected to an infection, of utilizing border closure as a penultimate solution, thereby ensuring the spread of a species in such an instance.

Perplexed by both the requirement to treat ballast water rendering it sterilized and therefore safe, yet restricting the discharge of now safe ballast water placing a second needless burden on those who would comply with said resolution.

Horrified that the outright banning on "the discharge of ballast water in coastal waters" could cost lives should a submarine vessel need to peform an "emergency blow", requiring the discharge of ballast water for which the resolution in question makes no exception.

Believing that G.A Resolution #259's good intent ultimately has legislated for more harm than the good it intended,

Hereby; repeals G.A Resolution #259, Stopping Invasive Species

Votes For: 14,844 (83%)
Votes Against: 2,954 (17%)

Implemented Wed May 11 2016

[370 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Toxic Heavy Metals Act [Struck out by GA 558]
A resolution to increase the quality of the world's environment, at the expense of industry.

Category: Environmental
Industry Affected: All Businesses
Proposed by: Kaboomlandia

Description: The World Assembly,

Realizing that toxic heavy metals are an international concern due to their toxicity and potential for bioaccumulation, thus negatively affecting personal health and natural ecosystems;

Acknowledging that toxic heavy metals and their compounds steadily build up through food chains, poisoning organisms and affecting sapient beings that make their livelihood off the land and sea;

Seeking to create sensible legislation that steadily replaces them with safer alternative materials at a pace appropriate to each member state;

The General Assembly hereby,

1. Defines "toxic heavy metals" as any relatively dense metal or metalloid, or any compound thereof, that is noted for its potential toxicity by the World Assembly Scientific Programme;

2. Requires member states to research alternatives to reduce the use of, and where technologically and economically feasible, phase out the use of toxic heavy metals and their compounds;

3. Encourages member states to cooperate in such research where possible, to save time, costs, and prevent overlapping research;

4. Further requires member states to educate citizens about the dangers of toxic heavy metals, as well as make a reasonable effort to safely dispose of such chemicals;

5. Prohibits the intentional discharge of toxic heavy metals into the natural environment, including bodies of water;

6. Bans the disposal of toxic heavy metals where there is a high probability of environmental contamination;

7. Mandates that landfills used to hold toxic heavy metals be properly lined to prevent against leaching;

8. Further mandates that employees of workplaces in member states utilizing such toxic heavy metals follow extant World Assembly law on hazardous material safety, including but not limited to proper labelling and personal protective equipment;

9. Exempts the use of toxic heavy metals in military applications, so long as due care is taken to ensure safe disposal of said toxic heavy metals and/or their compounds, as covered by existing international law.

Co-authored by Wrapper.

Votes For: 13,805 (75%)
Votes Against: 4,639 (25%)

Implemented Fri May 20 2016

[GA 371 on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Preventing Animal Abuse [Struck out by 377 GA]
A resolution to restrict civil freedoms in the interest of moral decency.

Category: Moral Decency
Strength: Significant
Proposed by: Losthaven

Description: The Member Nations of the World Assembly:

Recognizing that animals are non-sapient, sentient beings capable of experiencing stress, fear, and pain;

Convinced that there is no just cause for intentionally abusing an animal, and that animals should be cared for in ways that support a healthy life free from suffering;

Resolved that animal abuse is utterly unjustifiable and should be universally condemned and prohibited;

Saddened that some individuals continue to permit or perpetrate acts of animal abuse out of antipathy, intransigence, and even malicious character;

Resolved that putting an end to unjustifiable cruelty is part of what it means to make the world a better place, one resolution at a time;

Now, therefore, the General Assembly hereby enacts the following provisions, subject to the rules and laws set by earlier WA resolutions that are still in force:

1. Declares that cruelly or maliciously causing physical injury to an animal, cruelly killing an animal, and torturing an animal are outlawed and prohibited within World Assembly member nations;

2. Further declares that individuals have an absolute right to defend themselves and others against a hostile animal, and nothing in this law shall be read to prevent or prohibit reasonable acts of self-defense, even if they cause injury to the animal;

3. Outlaws the use of animals in fighting sports and any other non-military and non-law enforcement exhibition where the animal is intentionally and purposefully exposed to physical injury;

4. Requires that any person who keeps an animal to provide that animal with reasonable and appropriate care necessary to promote the health of the animal and avoid suffering and disease;

5. Recommends that any person who keeps an animal must, to the best of their means and ability, provide the animal with access to professional veterinary care.

Votes For: 14,994 (80%)
Votes Against: 3,777 (20%)

Implemented Tue May 24 2016

[372 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]

[Imperium Anglorum]

Repeal "Convention on Execution"
A resolution to repeal previously passed legislation.

Category: Repeal
Resolution: #112
Proposed by: Christian Democrats

Description: WA General Assembly Resolution #112: Convention on Execution (Category: Human Rights; Strength: Strong) shall be struck out and rendered null and void.

Argument: The General Assembly,

Recognizing that Resolution 112, Convention on Execution, "[g]rants the right of member nations to allow the use of execution,"

Further recognizing that Resolution 112 "[e]ncourages any nation that has legalized execution to restrict its use to the most extreme cases,"

Believing that international encouragement (instead of an international mandate) is insufficient to prevent less civilized governments from using their "right to execute" in cases where a death sentence is too harsh, such as illegal drug possession or sexual impropriety,

Convinced that this august body should take back the legal authority to limit the crimes to which member states may apply capital punishment,

Repeals Resolution 112, Convention on Execution.

Votes For: 9,937 (54%)
Votes Against: 8,435 (46%)

Implemented Sat May 28 2016

[373 GA on NS] [Official Debate Topic]