Naivetry wrote:Themiclesia wrote:Well, the Latin participle system is definitely a far cry from what is postulated to have existed in the past, as I now realized after some preliminary reading. It does not have the middle participles characteristic of IE languages, as Grk.
-men- and Sanskr.
-mana-, or the perfect active participles reconstructed in
-wo- and
-us-, but it does have the
-t- participle, which originally may have been a verbal adjective... as it is in Greek in
-te- + second declension endings.
This does not, however, stop Roman poets from occasionally using passive verb forms (including not only perfect passive participles but also finite verbs) as if they had a middle voice.
For which I blame Greek.
Themiclesia wrote:So that type of subordinate clause takes
Cum + subjunctive, right? Adverbial
Cum.
Yep. Though I've not heard it called adverbial
cum; it's really a conjunction (archaic form
quom). In this case, I'd tell my students it was
cum causal (rather than circumstantial or concessive/adversative).
Though I feel bound to say that Greek influence on Latin, as far as linguistics go, are expansionary and not detrimental.
On the other hand, my friend also produced a rather bewildering theory:
tenere = to hold
tetinisse/tenuisse = to haveBecause "I have held" = "I have".
Likewise, linquere = to leave, but liquisse = to abandon, and videre = to see, but vidisse = to know, after Greek cognates
ἰδεῖν, εἰδέναι.